WO2021243871A1 - 一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机 - Google Patents

一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021243871A1
WO2021243871A1 PCT/CN2020/113879 CN2020113879W WO2021243871A1 WO 2021243871 A1 WO2021243871 A1 WO 2021243871A1 CN 2020113879 W CN2020113879 W CN 2020113879W WO 2021243871 A1 WO2021243871 A1 WO 2021243871A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flywheel
motor
flywheel assembly
hollow shaft
energy storage
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PCT/CN2020/113879
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English (en)
French (fr)
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裘根富
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裘根富
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Publication of WO2021243871A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021243871A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
    • F03G3/08—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors using flywheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F04D19/042—Turbomolecular vacuum pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
    • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
    • F04D19/04—Multi-stage pumps specially adapted to the production of a high vacuum, e.g. molecular pumps
    • F04D19/046—Combinations of two or more different types of pumps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
    • H02K7/09—Structural association with bearings with magnetic bearings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of flywheel energy storage motors, generators and new energy sources, and relates to a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator.
  • the flywheel energy storage system has the advantages of long life, low maintenance, high efficiency and high power.
  • Flywheel energy storage relies on the inertia of the rotating flywheel rotor to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy and store it, so as to achieve uninterrupted power supply in the event of a power failure.
  • the flywheel rotates at a high speed for a long time, the rotor generates a large amount of heat.
  • the stator In the case of a large current concentrated discharge, the stator generates a large amount of heat. If the heat cannot be dissipated in time, the excessively high temperature will damage the stator and the rotor, resulting in The whole machine is damaged.
  • the bearing system is its key component, and the lubrication and heat dissipation effect of the bearing is also the key to the reliable operation of the entire system.
  • CN 201720695674.7 discloses a high energy storage flywheel system overall heat dissipation device
  • CN201811189965.4 discloses a self-suspended flywheel battery multi-mode drive control system
  • X discloses a self-pumping vacuum storage tank and a multi-stage flywheel start-up transmission power generation device disclosed in CN 201810310697.0.
  • the existing high-speed magnetic levitation flywheel has the following four defects.
  • the supporting structure of the existing high-speed flywheel adopts a structure in which permanent magnets are matched with the rotor core.
  • the harmonics of the high-frequency air gap magnetic field will generate a large amount of eddy current loss on the permanent magnet or the rotor core.
  • the generated eddy current causes the rotor to heat up. Because the flywheel energy storage rotor or flywheel motor rotor runs in a vacuum environment, the heat emitted by the rotor is difficult to radiate out, reducing the frequency of operation per unit time of the flywheel energy storage system at rated power and capacity.
  • the flywheel energy storage and heat dissipation system cannot simultaneously take into account the integrated one-time heat dissipation of the vacuum shell, flywheel, rotor, stator core, stator shaft and auxiliary bearing.
  • the suspension winding in the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous motor must always be powered continuously. Except for the charging mode of the flywheel energy storage, the external power supply can be connected. Others, such as standby and power generation modes, cannot be used without the corresponding external power supply. If the shaft is suspended or connected to other battery power supplies for emergency, the independent operation and transportation transfer of the flywheel battery cannot be realized.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to propose a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator, which realizes the vacuum shell and flywheel ,
  • the rotor, the stator core, the stator shaft and the auxiliary bearing are integrated one-time heat dissipation.
  • the flywheel energy storage can realize the flywheel power generation mode operation to supply power to the magnetic bearing motor in the standby mode and the power generation mode, so that the flywheel shaft is self-suspended, which is beneficial to the independent operation and transportation transfer of the flywheel energy storage.
  • the self-evacuating device of the rotor of the turbo vane pump reduces the energy consumption of the flywheel energy storage system.
  • a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator includes a vacuum casing 101, a flywheel assembly 119, a radial and axial magnetic bearing motor system, a motor/generator, a hollow shaft 133 of the stator core, and a dynamic seal
  • the ring 150, the auxiliary bearing 148, the cooling system and the self-evacuating device form a vacuum chamber;
  • the flywheel assembly 119 integrates a plurality of magnetic bearing motors and the permanent magnet outer rotor of the motor/generator; the plurality of magnetic bearing motors
  • the stator core winding is energized to produce the radial and axial suspension support of the flywheel assembly 119, and the stator core winding 125 of the motor is energized to drive the flywheel assembly to rotate.
  • the flywheel always becomes the energy storage mode;
  • the electric motor is converted into the generator mode, and the flywheel always becomes the energy-releasing discharge mode.
  • the inertial potential energy of the flywheel assembly 119 is used to do work to the generator, and the flywheel assembly
  • the resulting permanent magnet outer rotor 122 of the generator cuts the stator core winding 125 of the generator to generate induced current, which is rectified and stabilized to supply power to the load user; the power controller system implements electric energy storage, conversion and recombination.
  • the vacuum casing 101 shown in FIG. 2 has a circular tank structure, including a casing body 102, a casing bottom 103, and a casing cover 104.
  • the casing body 102 and the casing bottom 103 are Integral; the axis of the chassis bottom 103 and the chassis cover 104 are provided with the shaft head sleeve 134 of the stator core hollow shaft, the spline sleeve 147, the moving seal ring groove 151, the built-in pump body 157 and the
  • the hollow shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly has a concave annular groove cooling channel 113 on its inner circle; the casing body 102, casing bottom 103 and casing cover 104 have built-in spiral cooling channels 108 and vortex cooling flows The vortex-shaped cooling channel 109 and the casing bottom 103 and casing cover 104 and the inner circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the hollow rotating shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly
  • Coolant flows from one end of the inner circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the hollow rotating shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly to the other end of the inner circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the hollow rotating shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly and flows out
  • the casing body 102 and the casing cover 104 are firmly connected by screws and sealant, and the vacuum casing 101 is made of aluminum-titanium alloy and the outer layer is wrapped with carbon fiber resin composite material.
  • the connecting portion of the casing body 102 and the casing cover 104 is provided with a tenon-and-mortise structure.
  • the flywheel described in FIG. 2 is always cylindrical and its supporting upper and lower disks are umbrella-shaped structures, including the magnetic bearing motor and the permanent magnet outer rotor 122 of the motor/generator, the flywheel body 105 and the flywheel
  • the upper and lower support discs constitute a flywheel assembly 119; the upper and lower support discs are provided with a hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly, an auxiliary bearing groove 149, a dynamic seal ring groove 151 and a diversion compressed air hole 118; the flywheel body 105 Spiral cooling channels 108 and vortex cooling channels 109 are built into the upper and lower support disks and are intersected with each other.
  • the vortex cooling channels 109 and the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly are cooled by the outer and inner concave ring grooves.
  • the through-holes of the runners 113 pass through each other, and the coolant flows from one end of the hollow shaft 111 into the concave ring groove of the hollow shaft 111 at the other end;
  • the material of the flywheel assembly is a permanent magnet And multi-layer wrapped carbon fiber resin composite material.
  • the radial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2 and the permanent magnet outer rotor 122 of the motor/generator are embedded in the inner circumference of the flywheel assembly with epoxy resin glue, and the epoxy resin glue and the flywheel assembly Consistent within the week.
  • flywheel body 105 and the lower support plate 107 are integrally constructed, and the flywheel body 105 and the upper support plate 106 of the flywheel are fastened with screws and sealant.
  • the connecting portion of the flywheel body 105 and the upper support plate 106 of the flywheel is provided with a tenon-and-mortise structure.
  • One cavity of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core flows into the cooling channel from one end to the other end and flows out;
  • the motors/generators are switched reluctance motors, stepping reluctance motors, iron-core permanent magnet motors and ironless permanent magnet motors ,
  • Its rotor is an inner and outer rotor structure.
  • the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are coaxially arranged with the motor/generator, and the flywheel assembly is circumferentially embedded in the radial magnetic bearing motor and the permanent magnets of the motor/generator to form a plurality of magnetic suspensions.
  • Bearing motor and motor/generator shared flywheel permanent magnet outer rotor.
  • the power of the motor/generator is much greater than the power of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, and M3, the external vacuum pump motor, the circulating pump motor and the fan motor of the cooling runner radiator Sum.
  • the radial and axial magnetic bearing systems described in Figures 3-4 include radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3, a flywheel assembly 119, and a hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly And the auxiliary bearing 148; the stator core windings 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motors M1 and M2 are energized to force the auxiliary bearing 148 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly to suspend radially, and the axial magnetic bearing motor M3 stator iron
  • the core winding 124 is energized to force the auxiliary bearing 148 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly to axially levitate, and the flywheel assembly 119 presents a radial and axial rotation suspension support state; the radial magnetic suspension bearing motors M1 and M2 are set In the second test of motor/generator symmetry, the axial magnetic bearing motor M3 is placed inside the upper support plate 106 of the flywheel, and the inner rotor support of the upper support plate
  • stator cores of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 have built-in spiral and eddy-shaped cooling channels 129 and the cooling channels of the cavity of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core are intersected with each other to cool The liquid flows from one end of the cavity cooling channel of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core to the other end and flows out.
  • the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors are switched reluctance motors, stepping reluctance motors, iron-core permanent magnet motors, and iron-core permanent magnet motors, and their rotors are of inner and outer rotor structures and coaxial.
  • the currents of the stator core windings 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motors M1 and M2 are adjusted by PWM control, the axial suspension gap of the auxiliary bearing 148 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly is adjusted, and the axial magnetic suspension bearing is adjusted by PWM control.
  • the current magnitude of the stator core winding 124 of the motor M3 adjusts the radial suspension gap of the auxiliary bearing 148 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly.
  • the outer circle of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core shown in FIG. 4 is a stepped shape and its inner circle is a Y-shaped three-cavity structure.
  • the outer circle of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core includes a shaft head and a journal.
  • the shaft head is tubular
  • the end of the journal 144 is a spline shaft 142
  • the journal 144 is provided with an outer circular concave ring groove cooling channel 113 points
  • a circulation hole and an auxiliary bearing 148 the inner ring of the auxiliary bearing 148 is tangent to the collar 145
  • the shaft body is provided with a plurality of cooling runner interfaces
  • the plurality of cooling runner interfaces are connected to a plurality of the stator iron
  • the core spiral cooling channels 129 intersect each other
  • the hollow shaft support 141 of the stator iron core is provided with a concave key groove
  • the key groove intersects with a plurality of convex keys in the inner circle of the stator iron core.
  • the key shaft 142 intersects with the spline bushing 147 of the casing bottom 103 and casing cover 104;
  • the inner circle of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core includes a cooling channel channel 135 and a two-cavity cable channel 136, three-cavity suction and vacuum channel 137, the one-cavity cooling channel tube is provided with the journal 144, the outer circular concave ring groove, the cooling channel 113 through hole and the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly, the inner circular concave ring
  • the through holes of the slot cooling channel 113 are tangent to each other;
  • the two-cavity cable channel 136, the two-cavity shaft is provided with a through hole, and the stator core winding cable leads pass through the through hole to connect to the power control
  • the three-cavity suction and vacuum channel 137, the three-cavity shaft is provided with a plurality of suction and vacuum through holes 139 and an external vacuum machine communicates with each other, where
  • the cooling system described in FIGS. 1-4 includes an external vacuum casing cooling channel, a flywheel assembly cooling channel, a stator iron core cooling channel, and a stator iron core hollow shaft 133 cooling channel Integral structure with the auxiliary bearing 148 cooling channel; the cooling channel flows in from one end of the cavity of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core, and passes through the outside of the journal 144 of the hollow shaft of the stator iron core
  • the through hole of the circular concave annular groove cooling runner 113 divides the flow to the through hole of the inner concave annular groove cooling runner 113 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly, and the outer concave annular groove of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly
  • the through hole of the cooling channel 113 divides the flow to the inner circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the hollow rotating shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly of the casing bottom 103 and the casing cover 104, and converges on the hollow shaft of the stat
  • the through hole of the outer circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the journal 144 of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core is tangent to the inner circular concave annular groove cooling channel 113 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly .
  • the outer circular concave annular groove cooling flow channel 113 of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly and the inner concave annular groove cooling flow of the hollow shaft sleeve 112 of the flywheel assembly of the chassis bottom 103 and the chassis cover 104 Tao 113 is tangent.
  • auxiliary bearing 148 is tangent to the one-cavity cooling channel of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core, and the one-cavity cooling channel of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core is used for the auxiliary bearing 148 cool down.
  • the self-evacuating device shown in Figures 1-3 includes a built-in pump body 157, a pump rotor 159, a turbine blade 155, a self-evacuating air outlet 158, a one-way valve and a vacuum pressure gauge;
  • the built-in pump body 157 is inlaid on the inside of the bottom 103 and the cover 104.
  • the inside of the bottom 103 and the cover 104 are provided with the self-evacuating multiple exhaust holes.
  • a plurality of exhaust holes communicate with the external vacuum exhaust outlets of the chassis bottom 103 and the chassis cover 104 through a plurality of ducts built in the chassis bottom 103 and the chassis cover 104, and the vacuum exhaust
  • the outlet is provided with a one-way valve and a vacuum pressure gauge;
  • the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly has a stepped outer-circular concave keyway that intersects with the inner-circular convex key of the pump rotor 159 and is locked with a bolt;
  • the pump rotor 159 It rotates synchronously with the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly;
  • the pump rotor 159 and the turbine blade 155 are made of carbon fiber resin composite material.
  • the pump rotor 159 is mounted on the outer circular shaft of the hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly.
  • the pump rotor 159 rotates with it, and the pump rotor 159
  • the turbine blades 155 are driven to rotate.
  • the gap between the flywheel assembly 119 and the stator cores of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 and the stator cores of the motor/generator is guided by the upper and lower support plates.
  • the compressed air holes 118 flow to the turbine blades 155, and the air flows to the turbine blades 155 in the gap between the vacuum casing and the flywheel assembly 119.
  • a plurality of exhaust holes are arranged inside of the vent, and the plurality of vent holes are connected to the self-evacuating air outlet 158 by pipes, and the air is exhausted from the self-evacuating air outlet 158.
  • the upper part of the self-evacuating device is a turbo molecular pump and the lower part is a traction molecular pump, which is a double-pump superimposed composite molecular pump body.
  • the external vacuuming device includes the hollow shaft containing the flywheel assembly, the stator core, the dynamic seal ring, the auxiliary bearing, the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3, and the vacuum of the motor/generator Cavity, the three cavities of the hollow shaft of the stator iron core are provided with a plurality of vacuum suction ports and the upper and lower support discs of the flywheel assembly 119, which are used for suction and suction of the vacuum
  • the air in the gap between the casing, the flywheel assembly 119 and the stator iron core winding, the hollow shaft of the stator iron core is provided with a one-way valve in the three cavities, and the one-way valve is connected to the exhaust port of the external vacuum pump ,
  • the casing cover is provided with a vacuum pressure gauge.
  • the power controller system shown in Figures 5-6 includes an external power module, a super capacitor module, a DC-DC/AC step-up and step-down converter, an automatic switching module 152, radial and axial To the magnetic bearing motor control module, the motor/generator drive module and the rectifier and voltage regulator module; when the external power supply module supplies power, the current of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 stator core windings are controlled through PWM , Forcing the auxiliary bearing 148 of the flywheel assembly to suspend radially and axially, and then start the motor drive module, the stator core winding 125 of the motor is turned on, the rotor of the flywheel assembly 119 rotates at a high speed, and the flywheel always becomes energy storage Charging mode; when the rotation speed reaches a preset value, the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 power supply automatically switches to the super capacitor module power supply mode, and the startup enters the flywheel assembly
  • the DC bus provides power to the load user.
  • the flywheel assembly 119 is in the discharge mode; when the speed of the flywheel assembly 119 gradually drops to zero, disconnect the switch connecting the power controller and the external load , Turn off the control switches of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3, the flywheel assembly 119 completely enters the shutdown mode; wherein part of the electric energy generated by the generator passes through the DC-DC converter
  • the step-down alternately charges the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules; the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules alternately provide the total flywheel to the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, and M3 through the DC-DC converter.
  • the charging and discharging of the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules are always automatically switched to the state; when the power of the Sc1 super capacitor module is lower than the preset value, the DC-DC converter automatically switches to the Sc2 super In the discharging mode of the capacitor module, the DC-DC converter of the Sc1 super capacitor module automatically switches the charging mode.
  • the working mode of the Sc super capacitor module At the same time, the Sc1 super capacitor module is charged, and the Sc2 super capacitor module is in the discharge mode. On the contrary, the Sc1 super capacitor module is discharged and the Sc2 super capacitor module is in the charging mode.
  • the power controller further includes a high-voltage insulation monitoring module, a detection acquisition and diagnosis module, and a cooler device.
  • the high-voltage insulation monitoring module is used to monitor leakage current faults in real time and disconnect all power supplies in the circuit;
  • the detection and diagnosis module Used for voltage, current, speed, temperature, overvoltage and overcurrent to protect the safe operation of drive motors and generators;
  • the cooler device is composed of multiple layers of oil cooling, air cooling, liquid cooling, cooling pipes and heat absorption fins. Power control heat dissipation.
  • the power controller inverter circuit is shown in Figures 5-6, including external power module, DC-DC/AC boost converter, Sc super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter, Sc super capacitor module DC/DC step-down It consists of converter, radial and axial magnetic bearing motor M1, M2, M3 control, motor DC/AC converter, generator output rectifier voltage regulator module and automatic switching module.
  • Boost DC chopper circuit is composed of external power module ECU, reactor L1, insulated gate bipolar transistor VT20, diode D19 and capacitor C2; when boosting, the external power supply
  • the module ECU turns on and off the control pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT20, where the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT20 acts as a switch to superimpose the induced electromotive force on the reactor L1 with the DC220V voltage of the external power module to provide high-voltage power to the bus Power supply composition.
  • the DC-AC converters of radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are shown in Figure 5-6, which converts the DC500V of the DC bus into AC500V, and supplies power to the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3.
  • capacitor C2 form a voltage type three-phase bridge inverter circuit.
  • the stator core winding current corresponding to the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, and M3 can be changed by the inverter.
  • the phase and amplitude of the spatial phasor are adapted to the magnetic levitation control of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, and M3.
  • the DC-AC converter of the motor Figure 5 converts the DC500V of the DC bus into AC500V, and supplies power to the motor.
  • the automatic switching modules 153VT31 and VT32 are turned on by insulated gate bipolar transistors VT40-VT45, freewheeling diodes D40-D45, And capacitor C2 form a voltage type three-phase bridge inverter circuit.
  • the ECU powered by an external power supply triggers the insulated gate bipolar transistor control pole to quickly turn on and off VT1 ⁇ VT6, VT7 ⁇ VT12, VT13 ⁇ VT18, VT40 ⁇ VT45, and forcibly convert DC500V direct current into three-phase AC500V Alternating current.
  • Rectification and stabilization module Figure 6 the alternating current output by the generator is transformed into direct current, and the unidirectional conductivity of diodes D46 ⁇ D51 is used to rectify and transform the alternating positive and negative sinusoidal alternating voltage of the alternating current output into a unidirectional pulsating direct current voltage.
  • the rectified DC power with large pulsation is converted into smooth DC power, and the power is output to the load user and the DC/DC step-down converter of the Sc super capacitor module.
  • Sc1 super capacitor module DC/DC step-down converter Figure 6 step-down DC chopper circuit is composed of generator rectifier, insulated gate bipolar transistor V23 diode D24 reactor L3, capacitor C5; when stepping down, Sc1 super
  • the capacitor module ECU uses the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT23 to turn on, step down the DC800V to an average DC220V DC voltage, and charge the Sc1 supercapacitor module.
  • Sc2 super capacitor module DC/DC step-down converter Figure 6 step-down DC chopper circuit is composed of generator rectifier, insulated gate bipolar transistor V27, diode D28, reactor L5, capacitor C7; when stepping down, The Sc2 supercapacitor module ECU uses the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT27 to turn on, stepping down DC800V to an average DC220V DC voltage, and charging the Sc2 supercapacitor module.
  • the alternating current output by the generator is converted into direct current, and the automatic switching module 154 switches VT33 and VT34 to conduct the output voltage to the load.
  • Sc super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter Figure 6 is composed of Sc1 super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter and Sc2 super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter.
  • the Sc1 super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter is shown in Figure 6.
  • the boost DC chopper circuit is composed of Sc1 super capacitor module ECU, reactor L2, insulated gate bipolar transistor VT22, diode D21 and capacitor C2;
  • the ECU of the Sc1 supercapacitor module turns on and off the control electrode of the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT22, and the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT22 acts as a switch to make the induced electromotive force on the reactor L2 and the Sc1 supercapacitor model Group DC220V voltage superimposed to provide high-voltage power supply to the bus.
  • the Sc2 super capacitor module DC/DC boost converter is shown in Figure 6.
  • the boost DC chopper circuit is composed of Sc2 super capacitor module ECU, reactor L4, insulated gate bipolar transistor VT26, diode D25 and capacitor C2;
  • the Sc2 supercapacitor module ECU turns on and off the control pole of the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT26, and the insulated gate bipolar transistor VT26 acts as a switch to make the induced electromotive force on the reactor L4 and the Sc2 supercapacitor model Group DC220V voltage superimposed to provide high-voltage power supply to the bus.
  • the Insulated gate bipolar transistors VT29 and VT30 are turned on or off to control the DC/DC boost converter of the Sc super capacitor module to boost and discharge the DC bus.
  • the external power supply module HV ECU power supply is turned off, That is, the automatic switching module 152 is turned on, and the Sc super capacitor module boosts and discharges to the DC bus.
  • the automatic switching module 152 is turned off, that is, the external power module HV ECU is turned on, and the external power module HV ECU transfers to the DC through the boost converter
  • the busbar boosts and discharges.
  • the DC bus is controlled by the conduction of insulated gate bipolar transistors VT31 and VT32 to supply power to the motor drive circuit, where the external power supply module HV ECU power supply means that the automatic switching module 153 is turned on, and the DC bus boost circuit Power is supplied to the motor drive circuit, the external power supply module HV ECU power supply is turned off, and the automatic switching module 153 turns off control, that is, the flywheel assembly switches to standby and discharge mode.
  • ECU control adopts 64-bit computer, receiving from the motor/generator, radial magnetic bearing motor, axial magnetic bearing motor, external power supply module HV, Sc super capacitor module, cooling and heat dissipation system, self-evacuating device and external vacuuming
  • the voltage, current, pressure, temperature, speed, rotation angle sensor information of the device according to this information, the calculated result is converted into a control signal, and the result of the comparison and calculation is used to suspend the radial magnetic bearing motor and the axial magnetic bearing motor.
  • the core component of the motor/generator control is the external power supply HV ECU or Sc super capacitor module ECU.
  • the inverter converts the output current of the motor to the insulated gate bipolar type
  • the drive control circuit of the transistor module, the microprocessor of the inverter control the inverter circuit; the motor speed command stored in the microcomputer is compared with the speed feedback signal of the motor angle sensor, and the speed controller inputs a DC current command signal, which is decoded with the motor
  • the rotor magnetic pole position signal of the angle sensor is multiplied to obtain the current command signal required for the operation of the motor, which refers to the actual working current signal of the tracking motor, is calculated by the PWM comparator or pulse width modulation, and then converted into a switching signal output; the signal passes through the isolation circuit After that, directly drive the inverter inverter circuit modules VT40 ⁇ VT45 to control extremely fast turn-on and turn-off, to achieve the purpose of inverter output current inversion,
  • Figure 5-6 shows the control of the magnetic levitation system of radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, and M3.
  • the control core components of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 magnetic bearing system are the external power supply HV ECU or Sc super capacitor module ECU.
  • the drive control circuit of the insulated gate bipolar transistor module that converts the output current of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3, the inverter controls the microprocessor of the inverter circuit; the radial and axial stored by the microcomputer
  • the speed commands of the magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are compared with the speed feedback signals of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3.
  • the actual working current signal of bearing motor M1, M2, M3 is calculated by PWM comparator or pulse width modulation and converted into switching signal output; after the signal passes through the isolation circuit, it directly drives inverter inverter circuit modules VT1 ⁇ VT6, VT7 ⁇ VT12, VT13 ⁇ VT18 control extremely fast turn-on and turn-off, achieving the purpose of radial and axial suspension support of the flywheel assembly 119.
  • the above relates to new energy electric transportation vehicles, electric power generators and units.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects.
  • the flywheel assembly can realize the self-operating power supply mode of the magnetic bearing motor in the standby mode and the power generation mode, so that the flywheel assembly shaft is self-suspended, which is conducive to the energy storage of the flywheel assembly. Independent operation and transportation transfer.
  • the cooling channel of the vacuum casing, the cooling channel of the flywheel assembly, the cooling channel of the stator iron core, the hollow shaft cooling channel of the stator iron core and the auxiliary bearing cooling channel are integrated. Improved the power density of flywheel energy storage and discharge.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cut structure of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cutting structure of the vacuum casing of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator and the turbo pump rotor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cutting structure of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage flywheel assembly according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the hollow shaft cutting structure of the magnetic suspension bearing motor of the magnetic suspension flywheel energy storage motor generator and the motor/generator and the stator core according to the embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charging mode of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator flywheel assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a standby and discharge mode circuit of a generator flywheel assembly of a magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 1 The specific assembly step, the overall assembly of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator assembly 115.
  • Step 2 Assemble the stator core winding 125 of the motor/generator with the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core: the inner convex key of the stator core winding 125 of the motor/generator is aligned with the outside of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core Round concave keyway, press-fit and lock.
  • Step 3 Assemble the two stator core windings 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motor with the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core: the inner convex key of the two stator core windings 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motor is aligned with the hollow core of the stator core The outer circular concave key groove of the shaft 133 is pressed into and locked, and is placed on the stator iron core winding 125 of the motor/generator for two symmetrical measurements.
  • Step 4 Assemble the stator iron core winding 124 of the axial magnetic bearing motor and the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core: the inner convex key of the stator iron core winding 124 of the axial magnetic bearing motor is aligned with the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core The outer concave keyway of the outer circle is pressed in and locked.
  • Step 5 The cables of the stator iron core winding 125 of the motor/generator, the stator iron core winding 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motor and the stator iron core winding 124 of the axial magnetic bearing motor pass through the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core
  • the lead-out hole 140 leads to the two-cavity cable channel 136 to connect to the power controller.
  • Step 6 The helical cooling channels of the stator core winding 125 of the motor/generator, the stator core winding 123 of the radial magnetic bearing motor and the stator core winding 124 of the axial magnetic bearing motor and the hollow shaft of the stator core 133
  • the interface 138 of the cooling runner is connected with a copper pipe, and one of the cavity cooling runner channels 135 is connected with the external radiator interface.
  • Step 7 The inner wall of the flywheel assembly 119 is embedded with the permanent magnet outer rotors 120 of the radial magnetic bearing motors M1 and M2, and the permanent magnet outer rotor 122 of the motor/generator is filled with epoxy resin in the corresponding positions.
  • Step 8 The inner side of the permanent magnet outer rotor 121 of the axial magnetic suspension bearing motor M3 and the upper support plate 106 of the flywheel are filled with epoxy resin.
  • Step 9 The hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly has the auxiliary bearing groove 149 and the dynamic seal ring groove 151; press into the auxiliary bearing 148 and the dynamic seal ring 150 respectively.
  • Step 10 Insert the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core under the flywheel support plate 107 with the motor/generator stator core winding 125, the radial magnetic bearing motor stator core winding 123 and the axial magnetic bearing motor stator iron
  • the assembly of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core of the core winding 124, the collar 145 of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core is tangent to the auxiliary bearing 148, and the other shaft end of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator iron core is sleeved into the support plate 106 of the flywheel In the auxiliary bearing 148, the upper support plate 106 of the flywheel and the flywheel body 105 are tightened with sealant and screws.
  • Step 11 The hollow shaft 111 of the flywheel assembly has a stepped outer-circular concave keyway that intersects with the inner-circular convex key of the turbo pump rotor 159, and is locked with a bolt.
  • Step 12 The above constitutes an assembly of the flywheel assembly 119 and the motor/generator, the radial magnetic bearing motor, the axial magnetic bearing motor and the turbo pump rotor 159.
  • Step 13 The casing body 102 of the vacuum casing 101 and the casing bottom 103 are integrated, and the spline bushing 147 of the axis of the casing bottom 103 and the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core with the above assembly are formed.
  • the key shaft 142 intersects tangentially
  • the axial spline sleeve 147 of the casing cover 104 intersects the spline sleeve 147 at the other end of the hollow shaft 133 of the stator core
  • the casing body 102 is tangent to the casing cover 104. Tighten with sealant and screws to form the assembly body of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator assembly.
  • Example 1 Please refer to Figure (5-6).
  • the power controller system of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator assembly has four working modes: energy storage charging mode, energy maintaining operation mode, energy discharge mode and shutdown mode.
  • the ECU control uses a 64-bit computer to receive the voltage, current, and current from the motor/generator, radial magnetic bearing motor, axial magnetic bearing motor, external power supply module HV, Sc super capacitor module, cooling and heat dissipation system, and self-evacuating device Pressure, temperature, speed, rotation angle sensor information; according to this information, the calculated result is converted and output into a control signal, and the result of comparison and calculation is used to suspend the magnetic force of the magnetic bearing motor and the axial magnetic bearing motor, and the motor/generator The required torque, power, pressure and temperature control.
  • the control core components of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 magnetic bearing system are the external power supply HV ECU or Sc super capacitor module ECU.
  • the drive control circuit of the insulated gate bipolar transistor module that converts the output current of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3, the inverter controls the microprocessor of the inverter circuit; the radial and axial stored by the microcomputer
  • the speed commands of the magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are compared with the speed feedback signals of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3.
  • the actual working current signal of bearing motor M1, M2, M3 is calculated by PWM comparator or pulse width modulation and converted into switching signal output; after the signal passes through the isolation circuit, it directly drives inverter inverter circuit modules VT1 ⁇ VT6, VT7 ⁇ VT12, VT13 ⁇ VT18 control extremely fast turn-on and turn-off, achieving the purpose of radial and axial suspension support of the flywheel assembly 119.
  • the core component of the motor/generator control is the external power supply HV ECU or Sc super capacitor module ECU.
  • the inverter converts the output current of the motor to the insulated gate bipolar type
  • the rotor magnetic pole position signal of the angle sensor is multiplied to obtain the current command signal required for the operation of the motor, which refers to the actual working current signal of the tracking motor, is calculated by the PWM comparator or pulse width modulation, and then converted into a switching signal output; the signal passes through the isolation circuit After that, directly drive the inverter inverter circuit modules VT40 ⁇ VT45 to control extremely fast turn-on and turn-off, to achieve the purpose of inverter output current inversion,
  • the currents of the stator core windings of the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are controlled by PWM to force the auxiliary bearing 148 of the flywheel assembly to levitate radially and axially, and then start the motor drive Module, the stator core winding 125 of the motor is turned on, the rotor of the flywheel assembly 119 rotates at a high speed, and the flywheel is in energy storage charging mode; when the speed reaches a preset value, the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2 and M3 power supply automatically switch to the super capacitor module power supply mode, the startup enters the flywheel energy maintaining operation mode; when the external load requires energy, the flywheel assembly 119 does work to the generator, and the flywheel assembly 119 The permanent magnet of the generator cuts the stator core winding 125 of the generator to generate induced current, and output electric energy to the DC bus through rectification and stabilization.
  • the DC bus supplies power to the load user.
  • the flywheel assembly 119 is in the energy-discharging mode;
  • the speed of the flywheel assembly 119 gradually drops to zero, disconnect the switch connecting the power controller and the external load, and disconnect the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 control switches, and the flywheel assembly Cheng 119 completely enters the shutdown mode; wherein part of the electric energy generated by the generator is stepped down through the DC-DC converter to alternately charge the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules; the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules pass through the DC-
  • the DC converter boosts alternately to provide the flywheel assembly 119 levitation power to the radial and axial magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3; secondly, the charging and discharging of the Sc1 and Sc2 supercapacitor modules are always automatically switched to the state;
  • the power of the Sc1 super capacitor module is lower than the preset value, the DC-DC converter automatically switches to the Sc2 super capacitor module discharge mode, and the Sc1 super
  • the fifth working mode When the Sc1 and Sc2 super capacitor modules are alternately powered, the currents of the stator core windings of the magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 are controlled by PWM, forcing the flywheel assembly to assist the bearing 148 radially and axially In suspension, the rotor of the flywheel assembly 119 rotates at a high speed, the flywheel energy storage charging mode; when the external load requires energy, the flywheel assembly 119 does work to the generator, and the generator in the flywheel assembly 119
  • the stator core winding 125 of the permanent magnet cutting generator generates induced current, and outputs electric energy to the DC bus through rectification and stabilization.
  • the DC bus alternately charges the Sc1 and Sc2 supercapacitor modules, and at the same time outputs electric energy to the load user, the flywheel
  • the assembly 119 is in an energy-discharging discharge mode; at this time, the flywheel is always in a mode where both energy storage and energy-discharging are taken into consideration, and the power of the generator is greater than the sum of the power of the magnetic bearing motors M1, M2, M3 by 5:1.
  • the hub drive motor is 100kW
  • two sets of super capacitor energy storage modules are 16kWh
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator set has 96kWh energy storage.
  • Each 2kWh magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator is 180mm long, 230mm in diameter, 23kg in mass, and 200,000r/min.
  • the total weight of 48 magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generators is 1052kg
  • the total energy storage of the flywheel group is 96kWh.
  • the location of the vehicle chassis enables the 16-ton flywheel energy storage and super capacitor energy storage hybrid bus to travel 250km at a speed of 1000km/h. There is no need to install charging piles at each bus station, which is more conducive to flywheel energy storage and super The mobility and application of capacitive energy storage hybrid buses.
  • Flywheel energy storage and supercapacitor energy storage hybrid buses charging piles supply power to the two sets of supercapacitor energy storage modules with 16kWh to be fully charged within 30 seconds, and the flywheel group with a total energy storage of 96kWh can be quickly charged in 15 minutes; below
  • the slope and braking are recovered by the maglev flywheel energy storage motor generator.
  • the maglev flywheel energy storage motor generator charges the super capacitor energy storage module, and the maglev flywheel energy storage module is used for uphill and acceleration.
  • the energy motor generator and the super capacitor energy storage module jointly provide power to the bus wheel hub drive motor 100kW.
  • Flywheel energy storage and super capacitor energy storage hybrid bus startup mode turn on the Sc1 super capacitor module, the Sc1 super capacitor module boost module to supply power to the DC bus, quickly turn on and turn off the IGBT wheel hub drive motor 100kW, or
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator set is transformed into a discharge mode to supply power to the DC bus, driving the flywheel energy storage and super capacitor energy storage hybrid bus.
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array power grid peak shaving and valley filling application.
  • It consists of high-voltage AC power supply network, AC voltage detection module, DC side bus, DC voltage detection module, step-down transformer, diode rectifier, logic control unit, magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system, inverter, grid-connected switch, It is composed of a step-up transformer or a low-voltage AC power supply network.
  • the high-voltage AC power supply network is connected to the DC side bus through a transformer and a diode rectifier to provide energy for the DC bus.
  • the high-voltage AC side grid voltage passes through the step-down transformer through the diode rectifier to the DC side bus energy, and the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system is connected in parallel with the DC side bus respectively to form Magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array charging power supply system.
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system DC side bus, inverter, step-up transformer or low-voltage AC power supply network constitute the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system to provide energy for the grid.
  • the inverter is connected to the DC side bus, and the output of the inverter is sent to the low-voltage AC power supply network all the way, or to the high-voltage AC power supply network through a grid-connected switch and a step-up transformer.
  • each unit of the maglev flywheel energy storage motor generator is directed to the DC side bus
  • the DC-side busbar supplies power to the low-voltage AC-side power grid through an inverter, or supplies power to the high-voltage AC-side power grid through a step-up transformer.
  • a DC voltage detection module is arranged between the DC side bus and the ECU control.
  • the DC voltage detection module detects the voltage value of the DC side bus, and the collected analog voltage signal is converted into a corresponding digital signal U1 and sent to the ECU control.
  • An AC voltage detection module is installed between the high-voltage AC side power grid and the ECU control.
  • the AC voltage detection module collects the power supply voltage value of the high-voltage AC side power grid, and obtains the no-load voltage value of the DC side bus according to the rectification ratio coefficient of the uncontrollable diode rectifier circuit.
  • the collected analog voltage signal is converted into the corresponding digital signal U2 and sent to the ECU for control.
  • the collection DC voltage detection module detects the DC side bus voltage value, converts its analog voltage signal into a corresponding digital signal
  • the collection AC voltage detection module collects the voltage value of the high-voltage AC power supply grid, and transforms it into an average DC voltage value according to a proportional coefficient , And then convert the analog voltage signal into the corresponding digital signal; use the DC side bus voltage to subtract the average DC voltage, and the difference obtained is defined as the deviation DC voltage U.
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system is based on the grid peak-shaving and valley filling time period, the flywheel releases electric energy or energy storage absorbs electric energy.
  • Magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array system charging mode when the power grid is in the trough stage of power consumption, the high-voltage AC side grid voltage is supplied to the DC side bus through the step-down transformer through the diode rectifier, and the collected DC voltage data is within the preset value interval If the flywheel energy storage unit SOC ⁇ 0.5-1, the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator unit array is in the charging operation mode.
  • the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator is divided into three working states: energy storage charging, energy keeping operation and energy storage discharge.
  • the energy storage of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator is realized by the inertia of the flywheel. If the flywheel runs in an ideal state without any resistance loss, all the energy will be saved and released.
  • the energy storage capacity of the maglev flywheel energy storage motor generator depends on the moment of inertia and rotation speed of the flywheel, and increasing the rotation speed can make the energy storage capacity of the maglev flywheel energy storage motor generator more improved.
  • the principle of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator, the working process of the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator is: the power controller system is under the action of the controller, and the integrated motor in the magnetic levitation flywheel energy storage motor generator is driven by an external power source.
  • Running in the form of an electric motor the electric motor drives the flywheel to rotate at a high speed.
  • the flywheel completes the process of storing kinetic energy, that is, the flywheel battery is "charged” with electricity, and then the flywheel is in an energy-maintaining state with a lower loss, until when the car load needs energy, the flywheel drives
  • the integrated motor rotates, the integrated motor rotates in the form of a generator, converts kinetic energy into electrical energy, outputs electrical energy externally, completes the conversion of mechanical energy or kinetic energy to electrical energy, and converts the electrical energy into the voltage required by various loads of the car through the power controller system To drive the load.
  • the speed of the flywheel gradually decreases.
  • the flywheel of the power controller system runs in a vacuum environment with a very high speed, where the speed can reach 200,000 r/min.
  • the bearings used are non-contact magnetic bearings. .

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Abstract

一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，包括真空机壳、飞轮总成、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机系统、电动机/发电机、定子铁芯的空心轴、动密封环、辅助轴承、冷却系统和自抽真空装置组成真空腔体；所述飞轮总成集成了多个磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子；所述多个磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组通电，产生所述飞轮总成径向与轴向悬浮支撑，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组通电驱动飞轮总成旋转，此时飞轮总成为储能模式；当所述飞轮总成转速达到预设值时，所述电动机转换成所述发电机模式，所述飞轮总成为释能放电模式，利用所述飞轮总成惯性势能向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成的发电机永磁外转子切割发电机定子铁芯绕组产生感应电流，经整流稳压向负载用户供电；通过功率控制器系统实行电能储存、转换与重组。

Description

一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机 技术领域
本发明属于飞轮储能电机、发电机和新能源技术领域，涉及一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机。
背景技术
火车和汽车，这种车辆采用内燃机和电机混合推动，飞轮电池充电快，放电完全，非常适合应用于混合能量推动的车辆中。车辆在正常行使时和刹车制动时，给飞轮电池充电，飞轮电池则在加速或爬坡时，给车辆提供动力，保证车辆运行在一种平稳、最优的状态下的转速，可减少燃料消耗，空气和噪声污染，发动机的维护，延长发动机的寿命。
超级电容储能式公交车通过车载电容驱动,30秒“秒充”一次充电行驶里程只有8～10公里，每一条公交线路车站被改造成充电站，投资充电站资金相当大，行驶的里程和区域受到了极大的限制。
飞轮储能系统作为化学电池和超级电容器的一种替代产品，具有寿命长、维护量小、高效率和高功率的优点。飞轮储能依靠旋转的飞轮转子惯性把电能转换为动能储存起来，在停电的情况下实现不间断电源供给。飞轮长期高速旋转时，转子的发热量较大，在大电流集中放电的情况下，定子发热量较大，如果热量不能够及时散出，过高的温度就会对定子和转子产生损害，导致整个机器损坏。同时，飞轮储能器作为一种高速旋转的机械装置，轴承系统是其关键部件，轴承的润滑和散热效果的好坏也是整个系统能否可靠运行的关键。
目前关于飞轮储能并且具有代表性的相关技术包括以下几种：CN 201720695674.7公开一种高储能飞轮系统整体散热装置、CN201811189965.4公开了一种自悬浮飞轮电池多模式驱动控制系统、CN 201820664428.X公开了一种自抽真空储存罐和CN 201810310697.0公开的多级飞轮起动传动发电装置。
技术问题
现有的高速磁悬浮飞轮存在以下四点缺陷。
1、现有的高速飞轮中支撑结构采用永磁体与转子铁芯配合的结构，飞轮高转速时，高频气隙磁场谐波会在永磁体或转子铁芯上产生大量的涡流损耗。
2、产生的涡流造成转子发热，由于飞轮储能转子或飞轮电机转子运行在真空环境下，转子发出的热量难以辐射散出，降低飞轮储能系统在额定功率及容量时的单位时间作次数。
3、飞轮储能散热系统不能同时兼顾真空壳体、飞轮、转子、定子铁芯、定子轴与辅助轴承的整体化一次性散热。
4、无轴承永磁同步电机中的悬浮绕组必须一直持续供电，除了飞轮储能的充电模式可接通外电源供电，其他如待机与发电模式下，没有相应外接电源的情况下，不能使机械转轴实现悬浮，或者连接其他蓄电池电源供电应急，不能够实现飞轮电池的独立运行及运输转移。
5、外置真空系统来对飞轮储能产品抽真空，经济性不高，能耗大，控制难度大，且受空间与安装位置的限制，气体分子到真空室有一定的距离，抽真空难度加大。
技术解决方案
鉴于此，克服以上现有技术中的缺陷，针对真空条件下，飞轮储能各系统散热困难的问题，本发明的目的是提出了一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，实现真空壳体、飞轮、转子、定子铁芯、定子轴与辅助轴承的整体化一次性散热。
在不依赖外接电源的情况下，飞轮储能在待机模式和发电模式中，实现飞轮发电模式运行向磁悬浮轴承电机供电，使飞轮转轴自悬浮，有利于飞轮储能的独立运行及运输转移。
涡轮叶片泵转子自抽真空装置减少了飞轮储能系统的能耗。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是。
一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，图1-4包括真空机壳101、飞轮总成119、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机系统、电动机/发电机、定子铁芯的空心轴133、动密封环150、辅助轴承148、冷却系统和自抽真空装置组成真空腔体；所述飞轮总成119集成了多个磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子；所述多个磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组通电，产生所述飞轮总成119径向与轴向悬浮支撑，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组125通电驱动飞轮总成旋转，此时飞轮总成为储能模式；当所述飞轮总成119转速达到预设值时，所述电动机转换成所述发电机模式，所述飞轮总成为释能放电模式，利用所述飞轮总成119惯性势能向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成的发电机永磁外转子122切割发电机定子铁芯绕组125产生感应电流，经整流稳压向负载用户供电；通过功率控制器系统实行电能储存、转换与重组。
作为本发明的一实施例，图2所述真空机壳101为圆罐状结构，包括机壳本体102、机壳底103和机壳盖104，所述机壳本体102与机壳底103为一体；所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的轴心设置所述定子铁芯空心轴的轴头套134、花键轴套147、动密封环嵌槽151、内置泵体157和以及所述飞轮总成的空心转轴套112其内圆设有凹形环槽冷却流道113；所述机壳本体102、机壳底103和机壳盖104内置螺旋形冷却流道108和涡流形冷却流道109并相互贯通，所述涡流形冷却流道109与所述机壳底103和机壳盖104与所述飞轮总成空心转轴套112的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113口贯通，冷却液从所述飞轮总成空心转轴套112的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113一端流入至另一端的所述飞轮总成空心转轴套112的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113流出；所述机壳本体102与所述机壳盖104通过螺丝和密封胶紧固连接，所述真空机壳101其材质铝钛合金外层包缠碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
进一步地，所述机壳本体102与所述机壳盖104的连接部位设有榫卯结构。
作为本发明的一实施例，图2所述飞轮总成为圆筒形其支撑上下盘为伞状结构包括，所述磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子122、飞轮本体105和飞轮上下支撑盘构成飞轮总成119；所述上下支撑盘设有飞轮总成的空心转轴111、辅助轴承嵌槽149、动密封环嵌槽151和导流压缩气圆孔118；所述飞轮本体105和上下支撑盘内置螺旋形冷却流道108和涡流形冷却流道109并相互贯通，所述涡流形冷却流道109与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111外圆和内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔相互贯通，冷却液从所述空心转轴111外圆凹形环槽一端流入至所述另一端的空心转轴111外圆凹形环槽流出；所述飞轮总成材质为永磁体和多层包缠碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
进一步地，所述飞轮总成内周向嵌入径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子122用环氧树脂灌胶，所述环氧树脂胶与所述飞轮总成内周一致。
进一步地，所述飞轮本体105与下支撑盘107一体化构造，所述飞轮本体105与飞轮上支撑盘106用螺丝和密封胶紧固连接。
进一步地，所述飞轮本体105与飞轮上支撑盘106的连接部位设有榫卯结构。
作为本发明的一实施例，图4所述电动机/发电机的定子铁芯内置螺旋状冷却流道129与所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔的冷却流道相互贯通，冷却液从所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔冷却流道一端流入至另一端流出；所述电动机/发电机为开关磁阻电机、步进磁阻电机、铁芯永磁电机和无铁芯永磁电机，其转子为内、外转子结构。
进一步地，径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3与电动机/发电机同轴设置，飞轮总成内周向嵌入径向磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁铁，构成多个磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的共享飞轮永磁外转子。
进一步地，所述电动机/发电机功率远大于所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2和M3、外置抽真空泵电机、所述冷却流道散热器的循环泵电机和风扇电机的功率之和。
作为本发明的一实施例，图3-4所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承系统包括，径向和轴向磁悬 浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3、飞轮总成119、飞轮总成的空心转轴111和辅助轴承148；所述径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2的定子铁芯绕组123通电，迫使所述飞轮总成空心转轴111的辅助轴承148径向悬浮，所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3定子铁芯绕组124通电，迫使所述飞轮总成空心转轴111的辅助轴承148轴向悬浮，所述飞轮总成119呈现径向和轴向旋转悬浮支撑状态；所述径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2置于电动机/发电机对称二测，所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3置于所述飞轮上支撑盘106内侧，所述飞轮上支撑盘106内侧转子支架设有所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3永磁体，其定子为有铁心和无铁心结构，其次转子结构为中间定子或转子的双边结构和两个定子盘中间夹一个转子盘组成双气隙结构；所述辅助轴承148为陶瓷轴承。
进一步地，径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3的定子铁芯内置螺旋状和涡流形冷却流道129与所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔的冷却流道相互贯通，冷却液从所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔冷却流道一端流入至另一端流出。
其中所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机为开关磁阻电机、步进磁阻电机、铁芯永磁电机和无铁芯永磁电机，其转子为内、外转子结构并同轴。
进一步地，通过PWM控制调节所述径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2的定子铁芯绕组123电流大小，调节飞轮总成空心转轴111的辅助轴承148轴向悬浮间隙，通过PWM控制调节轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3的定子铁芯绕组124电流大小，调节飞轮总成空心转轴111的辅助轴承148径向悬浮间隙。
作为本发明的一实施例，图4所述定子铁芯的空心轴133外圆为阶梯形其内圆Y形三腔结构，所述定子铁芯的空心轴133外圆包括轴头、轴颈144、轴环145、轴身和定子铁芯支架141，所述轴头为管状，所述轴颈144端部为花键轴142、轴颈144设有外圆凹环槽冷却流道113分流通孔和辅助轴承148，所述辅助轴承148的内环与轴环145相切，所述轴身设有多个冷却流道接口，所述多个冷却流道接口与多个所述定子铁芯螺旋状冷却流道129相互贯通，所述定子铁芯的空心轴支架141设有凹形键槽，所述键槽与多个所述定子铁芯内圆的凸形键相交相切，所述花键轴142与所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的花键轴套147相交相切；所述定子铁芯的空心轴133内圆包括一腔冷却流道通道135，二腔电缆线通道136，三腔吸抽真空通道137，所述一腔冷却流道管设有所述轴颈144外圆凹环槽冷却流道113通孔与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111内圆凹环槽冷却流道113通孔互交接口相切；所述二腔电缆线通道136，所述二腔轴身设有通孔，所述定子铁芯绕组电缆引线穿过所述通孔连接功率控制器；所述三腔吸抽真空通道137，所述三腔轴身设有多个吸抽真空通孔139与外置的抽真空机相互贯通，其中所述的定子铁芯的空心轴133为非磁性金属和碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
作为本发明的一实施例，图1-4所述冷却系统包括外置真空机壳冷却流道、飞轮总成冷却流道、定子铁芯冷却流道、定子铁芯的空心轴133冷却流道和辅助轴承148冷却流道一体化构造；所述冷却流道从所述定子铁芯的空心轴133轴头一腔一端冷却流道流入，经所述定子铁芯的空心轴的轴颈144外圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔分流给所述飞轮总成空心转轴111的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔，所述飞轮总成空心转轴111的外圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔又分流给所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的飞轮总成空心转轴套112的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113，汇流于所述定子铁芯的空心轴133轴头一腔另一端的冷却流道出口，所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔的冷却流道进出口与外置的散热器和循环泵连接进行循环冷却。
其中所述定子铁芯的空心轴133的轴颈144外圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111内圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔相切。
所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111的外圆凹形环槽冷却流道113通孔与所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的飞轮总成的空心转轴套112内凹形环槽冷却流道113相切。
进一步地，所述辅助轴承148与所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔的冷却流道相切，所述定子铁芯的空心轴133一腔的冷却流道用于所述辅助轴承148的冷却。
作为本发明的一实施例，所述自抽真空装置图1-3包括，内置泵体157、泵转子159、涡轮叶片155、自抽真空出气口158、单向阀门和真空压力表；所述内置泵体157镶嵌在所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的内侧，所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的内侧置有所述自抽真空的多个排气孔，所述多个排气孔并通过内置于所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的多个导管与所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的外置的真空排气出口连通，所述真空排气出口设有单向阀门和真空压力表；所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111阶梯外圆凹形键槽与泵转子159的内圆凸形键相切相交，用插销锁紧；所述泵转子159与飞轮总成的空心转轴111同步转动；所述泵转子159和涡轮叶片155其材质为碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
进一步地，自抽真空装置工作过程，所述泵转子159安装在所述飞轮总成的空心转轴111外圆转轴上，当飞轮总成旋转时，泵转子159随着旋转，所述泵转子159带动涡轮叶片155旋转，所述飞轮总成119与径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3的定子铁芯和电动机/发电机的定子铁芯间隙空气通过所述上下支撑盘的导流压缩气圆孔118流向涡轮叶片155，同时所述真空机壳与所述飞轮总成119间隙空气流向涡轮叶片155，随着涡轮叶片155不断旋转空气流向所述机壳底103和机壳盖104的内侧置的多个排气孔，所述多个排气孔用管道连接至自抽真空出气口158，所述空气从自抽真空出气口158排出。
进一步地，自抽真空装置其上部为涡轮分子泵和下部为牵引分子泵为双泵叠加复合分子泵体。
进一步地，外抽真空装置包括，容纳所述飞轮总成、定子铁芯的空心轴、动密封环、辅助轴承、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3和电动机/发电机的真空腔体，所述定子铁芯的空心轴轴身三腔设有多个吸抽真空气口与所述飞轮总成119的上下支撑盘导流压缩气圆孔相互贯通，用于吸抽所述真空机壳、所述飞轮总成119和定子铁芯绕组间隙的空气，所述定子铁芯的空心轴轴头三腔设有单向阀门，所述单向阀门与外置的真空泵排气口连通，其中所述机壳盖设有真空压力表。
作为本发明的一实施例，所述功率控制器系统图5-6，包括外部电源模块、超级电容模组、DC-DC/AC升压降压转换器、自动切换模块152、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机控制模块和电动机/发电机驱动模块和整流稳压模块；当外部电源模块供电时，通过PWM控制所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3定子铁芯绕组的电流，迫使飞轮总成辅助轴承148径向和轴向悬浮，再启动电动机驱动模块，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组125导通，所述飞轮总成119转子高速旋转，所述飞轮总成为储能充电模式；当转速达到预设值时，所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3供电自动切换到超级电容模组供电模式，所述启动进入飞轮总成能量保持运行模式；当外部负载需要能量时，所述飞轮总成119向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成119中的发电机永磁体切割发电机的定子铁芯绕组125产生感应电流，经整流稳压向直流母线输出电能，所述直流母线向负载用户供电，此时所述飞轮总成119为释能放电模式；当飞轮总成119转速逐渐下降为零时，断开所述功率控制器与外部负载连接的开关，断开所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3控制开关，所述飞轮总成119完全进入停机模式；其中所述发电机所发出的部分电能通过所述DC-DC转换器降压交替向Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电；Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组通过所述DC-DC转换器升压交替向所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3提供飞轮总成119悬浮电能；其次所述Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电与放电始终保持自动切换成状态；当Sc1超级电容模组电量低于预设定值时，DC-DC转换器自动切换成Sc2超级电容模组放电模式，Sc1超级电容模组DC-DC转换器自动切换充电模式。
进一步地，Sc超级电容模组工作模式：同一时间Sc1超级电容模组充电，Sc2超级电容模组为放电模式，相反地Sc1超级电容模组放电，Sc2超级电容模组为充电模式。
进一步地，所述功率控制器还包括高压绝缘监测模块和检测采集诊断模块，冷却器装置,所述高压绝缘监测模块用于实时监测漏电流故障，断开电路中所有电源；所述检测诊断模 块用于电压、电流、转速、温度、过压过流保护驱动电机和发电机的安全运行；所述冷却器装置由多层油冷、气冷、液冷、冷却管和吸热片构成用于功率控制散热。
所述功率控制器变频器电路图5-6，包括外部电源模块、DC-DC/AC升压转换器、Sc超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器、Sc超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3控制和电动机的DC/AC转换器、发电机输出整流稳压模块和自动切换模块组成。
外部电源模块DC/DC升压转换器图5：升压直流斩波电路由外部电源模块ECU、电抗器L1、绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT20、二极管D19和电容器C2组成；升压时，外部电源模块ECU导通和关断绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT20的控制极，其中绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT20起开关作用，使电抗器L1上的感应电动势与外部电源模块DC220V电压叠加提供高压电源向母线供电组成。
径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3的DC－AC转换器图5-6，将直流母线的DC500V转换成AC500V，给径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3供电，由绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT1-VT6、续流二极管D1-D6、绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT7-VT12、续流二极管D7-D12、绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT13-VT18、续流二极管D13-D18和电容器C2组成电压型三相桥式逆变电路。
进一步地，如果改变VT1～VT6、VT7～VT12、VT13～VT18的触发信号频率和时间，就能改变逆变器输入径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3对应的定子铁芯绕组电流空间相量的相位和幅值，以适应径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3的磁悬浮控制。
电动机的DC－AC转换器图5，将直流母线的DC500V转换成AC500V，给电动机供电，自动切换模块153VT31和VT32导通，由绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT40-VT45、续流二极管D40-D45、和电容器C2组成电压型三相桥式逆变电路。
进一步地，由外部电源供电ECU触发绝缘栅双极型晶体管控制极，使VT1～VT6、VT7～VT12、VT13～VT18、VT40～VT45快速导通和关断，强行将DC500V直流电转换成三相AC500V交流电。
整流稳压模块图6，发电机输出的交流电变换成直流电，利用二极管D46～D51单向导电性能，把交流输出的正、负交替变化的正弦交流电压，整流变换成单向脉动的直流电压，把整流后脉动较大的直流电变换成平滑的直流电，向负载用户和Sc超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器输出电能。
Sc超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器图6，Sc1超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器和Sc2超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器组成。
其中Sc1超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器图6，降压直流斩波电路由发电机整流器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管V23二极管D24电抗器L3、电容器C5组成；降压时，Sc1超级电容模组ECU利用绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT23导通,把DC800V降压为平均值DC220V的直流电压，向Sc1超级电容模组充电。
其中Sc2超级电容模组DC/DC降压转换器图6，降压直流斩波电路由发电机整流器、绝缘栅双极型晶体管V27、二极管D28、电抗器L5、电容器C7组成；降压时，Sc2超级电容模组ECU利用绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT27导通，把DC800V降压为平均值DC220V的直流电压，向Sc2超级电容模组充电。
进一步地，发电机输出的交流电变换成直流电，通过自动切换模块154开关VT33和VT34导通向负载输出电压。
Sc超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器图6，由Sc1超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器和Sc2超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器组成。
其中Sc1超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器图6，升压直流斩波电路由Sc1超级电容模组ECU、电抗器L2、绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT22、二极管D21和电容器C2组成；升压时，Sc1超级电容模组ECU导通和关断绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT22的控制极，其中绝缘栅双极型晶体管 VT22起开关作用，使电抗器L2上的感应电动势与Sc1超级电容模组DC220V电压叠加提供高压电源向母线供电。
其中Sc2超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器图6，升压直流斩波电路由Sc2超级电容模组ECU、电抗器L4、绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT26、二极管D25和电容器C2组成；升压时，Sc2超级电容模组ECU导通和关断绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT26的控制极，其中绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT26起开关作用，使电抗器L4上的感应电动势与Sc2超级电容模组DC220V电压叠加提供高压电源向母线供电。
自动切换模块152图5，由绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT29和VT30导通或关闭控制Sc超级电容模组DC/DC升压转换器向直流母线升压放电，当外部电源模块HV ECU供电关闭，即自动切换模块152导通，Sc超级电容模组向直流母线升压放电，相反地当自动切换模块152关闭，即外部电源模块HV ECU导通，外部电源模块HV ECU通过升压转换器向直流母线升压放电。
自动切换模块153图5-6，由绝缘栅双极型晶体管VT31和VT32导通控制直流母线向电动机驱动电路供电，其中外部电源模块HV ECU供电即自动切换模块153导通，直流母线升压电路向电动机驱动电路供电，外部电源模块HV ECU供电关断，自动切换模块153关闭控制，即飞轮总成转换成待机与释能放电模式。
ECU控制采用64位计算机，接收来自电动机/发电机、径向磁悬浮轴承电机、轴向磁悬浮轴承电机、外部电源模块HV、Sc超级电容模组、冷却散热系统、自抽真空装置和外置抽真空装置的电压、电流、压力、温度、转速、转角传感器信息；根据此信息，计算的结果转变输出为控制信号，把比较和计算的结果用来对径向磁悬浮轴承电机和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机悬浮磁力，以及电动机/发电机所需的扭矩、功率、压力和温度的控制。
电动机/发电机的控制核心组件是外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU，在外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU中，变频器对电动机输出电流转换的绝缘栅双极型晶体管模块的驱动控制电路，变频器控制逆变电路的微处理器；微机储存的电动机速度指令与电动机解角传感器的速度反馈信号进行比较，速度控制器输入一个直流电流指令信号，经过与电动机解角传感器的转子磁极位置信号相乘，得到电动机工作所需的电流指令信号，参考跟踪电动机实际工作电流信号，通过PWM比较器或脉冲宽度调制计算后，转换成开关信号输出；该信号经过隔离电路后，直接驱动变频器逆变电路模块VT40～VT45控制极快速导通与关断，实现变频器输出电流的逆变、换相和定向目的。
径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3磁悬浮系统的控制图5-6。
径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3磁悬浮轴承系统的控制核心组件是外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU，在外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU中，变频器对径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3输出电流转换的绝缘栅双极型晶体管模块的驱动控制电路，变频器控制逆变电路的微处理器；微机储存的径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3速度指令与径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3解角传感器的速度反馈信号进行比较，速度控制器输一个直流电流指令信号，经过与径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3解角传感器的转子磁极位置信号相乘，得到径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3工作所需的电流指令信号，参考跟踪径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3实际工作电流信号，通过PWM比较器或脉冲宽度调制计算后，转换成开关信号输出；该信号经过隔离电路后，直接驱动变频器逆变电路模块VT1～VT6、VT7～VT12、VT13～VT18控制极快速导通与关断，实现所述飞轮总成119径向与轴向悬浮支撑目的。
作为本发明的一实施例，所述涉及新能源电动的交通运输工具、电力发电机和机组。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是。
(1)在不依赖外接电源的情况下，飞轮总成储能在待机模式和发电模式中，实现磁悬浮 轴承电机自运行供电模式，使飞轮总成转轴自悬浮，有利于飞轮总成储能的独立运行及运输转移。
(2)实现整体化一次性散热，真空机壳冷却流道、飞轮总成冷却流道、定子铁芯冷却流道、定子铁芯的空心轴冷却流道和辅助轴承冷却流道一体化构造，提升了飞轮储能与释能的功率密度。
(3)自抽真空装置，涡轮泵转子使飞轮储能系统进一步节能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机总成裁切结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机真空机壳与涡轮泵转子的裁切结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能飞轮总成裁切结构示意图。
图4发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机与定子铁芯的空心轴裁切结构示意图。
图5本发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机飞轮总成充电模式电路原理图。
图6本发明实施例的磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机飞轮总成保待与放电模式电路原理图。
附图标记：真空机壳101；机壳本体102；机壳底103；机壳盖104；飞轮本体105；飞轮上支撑盘106；飞轮下支撑盘107；螺旋形冷却流道108；涡流形冷却流道109；飞轮总成的空心转轴111；飞轮总成的空心转轴套112；凹形环槽冷却流道113；径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1；径向磁悬浮轴承电机M2；轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3；导流压缩气圆孔118；飞轮总成119；径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2的永磁外转子120；轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3的永磁外转子121；电动机/发电机的永磁外转子122；径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2的定子铁芯绕组123；轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组124；电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125；定子铁芯螺旋状冷却流道129；定子铁芯的空心轴133；定子铁芯的空心轴套134；一腔冷却流道通道135；二腔电缆线通道136；三腔吸抽真空通道137；冷却流通道接口138；吸抽真空通孔139；线缆引出孔140；定子铁芯支架141；花键轴142；轴头116；轴颈144；轴环145；花键轴套147；辅助轴承148；辅助轴承嵌槽149；动密封环150；动密封环嵌槽151；磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机总成115；涡轮叶片155；泵转子159；内置泵体157；自抽真空出风口158；电动机/发电机156；自动切换模块152；自动切换模块153；Sc1超级电容模组充电；Sc2超级电容模组。
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例不仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
最佳实施方式：请参阅图(1-4)。
步骤1.具体地装配步骤，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机总成115总体装配。
步骤2.电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125与定子铁芯的空心轴133装配：电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125的内圆凸形键对准定子铁芯的空心轴133的外圆凹形键槽，压入锁紧。
步骤3.径向磁悬浮轴承电机2个定子铁芯绕组123与定子铁芯的空心轴133装配：径向磁悬浮轴承电机2个定子铁芯绕组123的内圆凸形键对准定子铁芯的空心轴133的外圆凹形 键槽，压入锁紧，置于电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125对称二测。
步骤4.轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组124与定子铁芯的空心轴133装配：轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组124的内圆凸形键对准定子铁芯的空心轴133的外圆凹形键槽，压入锁紧。
步骤5.电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125、径向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组123和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组124的电缆线通过定子铁芯的空心轴133的线缆引出孔140引出至二腔电缆通道136到功率控制器内连接。
步骤6.电动机/发电机的定子铁芯绕组125、径向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组123和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组124的螺旋状冷却流道与定子铁芯的空心轴133的冷却流道的接口138用铜管连接，其中一腔冷却流道通道135与外置的散热器接口连接。
步骤7.飞轮总成119内壁嵌入径向磁悬浮轴承电机M1和M2的永磁外转子120、和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子122各自相对应位置用环氧树脂灌胶。
步骤8.轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M3的永磁外转子121与飞轮上支撑盘106内侧用环氧树脂灌胶。
步骤9.飞轮总成的空心转轴111辅助轴承嵌槽149和动密封环嵌槽151；分别压入辅助轴承148和动密封环150。
步骤10.在飞轮下支撑盘107轴心插入定子铁芯的空心轴133并带有电动机/发电机定子铁芯绕组125、径向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组123和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组124的定子铁芯的空心轴133的装配体，定子铁芯的空心轴133的轴环145与辅助轴承148相切，定子铁芯的空心轴133另一轴头套入飞轮上支撑盘106的辅助轴承148内，飞轮上支撑盘106与飞轮本体105用密封胶和螺丝拧紧。
步骤11.飞轮总成的空心转轴111阶梯外圆凹形键槽与涡轮泵转子159的内圆凸形键相切相交，用插销锁紧。
步骤12.上述构成飞轮总成119与电动机/发电机、径向磁悬浮轴承电机、轴向磁悬浮轴承电机和涡轮泵转子159的装配体。
步骤13.真空机壳101的机壳本体102和机壳底103一体化构造，机壳底103的轴心的花键轴套147与带有上述装配体的定子铁芯的空心轴133的花键轴142相切相交，机壳盖104的轴心花键轴套147与定子铁芯的空心轴133另一头的花键轴套147相切相交，机壳本体102与机壳盖104相切用密封胶和螺丝拧紧，构成磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机总成总装配体。
本发明的实施方式
实施例1：请参阅图(5-6)。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机总成的功率控制器系统，四种工作模式分别为储能充电模式、能量保持运行模式、释能放电模式和停机模式。
ECU控制采用64位计算机，接收来自电动机/发电机、径向磁悬浮轴承电机、轴向磁悬浮轴承电机、外部电源模块HV、Sc超级电容模组、冷却散热系统和自抽真空装置的电压、电流、压力、温度、转速、转角传感器信息；根据此信息，计算的结果转变输出为控制信号，把比较和计算的结果用来对磁悬浮轴承电机和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机悬浮磁力，以及电动机/发电机所需的扭矩、功率、压力和温度的控制。
径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3磁悬浮轴承系统的控制核心组件是外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU，在外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU中，变频器对径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3输出电流转换的绝缘栅双极型晶体管模块的驱动控制电路，变频器控制逆变电路的微处理器；微机储存的径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3速度指令与径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3解角传感器的速度反馈信号进行比较，速度控制器输一个直流电流指令信号，经过与径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、 M2、M3解角传感器的转子磁极位置信号相乘，得到径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3工作所需的电流指令信号，参考跟踪径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3实际工作电流信号，通过PWM比较器或脉冲宽度调制计算后，转换成开关信号输出；该信号经过隔离电路后，直接驱动变频器逆变电路模块VT1～VT6、VT7～VT12、VT13～VT18控制极快速导通与关断，实现所述飞轮总成119径向与轴向悬浮支撑目的。
电动机/发电机的控制核心组件是外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU，在外部电源供电HV ECU或Sc超级电容模组ECU中，变频器对电动机输出电流转换的绝缘栅双极型晶体管模块的驱动控制电路，变频器控制逆变电路的微处理器；微机储存的电动机速度指令与电动机解角传感器的速度反馈信号进行比较，速度控制器输一个直流电流指令信号，经过与电动机解角传感器的转子磁极位置信号相乘，得到电动机工作所需的电流指令信号，参考跟踪电动机实际工作电流信号，通过PWM比较器或脉冲宽度调制计算后，转换成开关信号输出；该信号经过隔离电路后，直接驱动变频器逆变电路模块VT40～VT45控制极快速导通与关断，实现变频器输出电流的逆变、换相和定向目的。
当外部电源模块供电时，通过PWM控制所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3定子铁芯绕组的电流，迫使飞轮总成辅助轴承148径向和轴向悬浮，再启动电动机驱动模块，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组125导通，所述飞轮总成119转子高速旋转，飞轮储能充电模式；当转速达到预设值时，所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3供电自动切换到超级电容模组供电模式，所述启动进入飞轮能量保持运行模式；当外部负载需要能量时，所述飞轮总成119向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成119中的发电机永磁体切割发电机的定子铁芯绕组125产生感应电流，经整流稳压向直流母线输出电能，所述直流母线向负载用户供电，此时所述飞轮总成119为释能放电模式；当飞轮总成119转速逐渐下降为零时，断开所述功率控制器与外部负载连接的开关，断开所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3控制开关，所述飞轮总成119完全进入停机模式；其中所述发电机所发出的部分电能通过所述DC-DC转换器降压交替向Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电；Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组通过所述DC-DC转换器升压交替向所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3提供飞轮总成119悬浮电能；其次所述Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电与放电始终保持自动切换成状态；当Sc1超级电容模组电量低于预设定值时，DC-DC转换器自动切换成Sc2超级电容模组放电模式，Sc1超级电容模组DC-DC转换器自动切换充电模式。
第五种工作模式：当Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组交替供电时，通过PWM控制所述磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3定子铁芯绕组的电流，迫使飞轮总成辅助轴承148径向和轴向悬浮，此时所述飞轮总成119转子高速旋转，所述飞轮储能充电模式；当外部负载需要能量时，所述飞轮总成119向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成119中的发电机永磁体切割发电机的定子铁芯绕组125产生感应电流，经整流稳压向直流母线输出电能，所述直流母线向Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组交替充电，同时向负载用户输出电能，所述飞轮总成119为释能放电模式；此时所述飞轮总成为储能与释能同时兼顾模式，所述发电机功率大于所述磁悬浮轴承电机M1、M2、M3功率之和为5：1。
工业实用性
在另一个实施例1：飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合动力式公交车。
主要由公交车轮毂驱动电机模块、超级电容储能模块和飞轮储能模块三部分组成，轮毂驱动电机100kW，二组超级电容储能模组16kWh，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机组储能96kWh，其中每个磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机2kWh长180mm,直径230mm，质量为23kg，转速200000r/min，总48个磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机共重1052kg，飞轮组总储能为96kWh，放在公交车车辆底盘位置，能使16吨的飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合动力式公交车以1000km/h的速度行驶250km，无需每个公交车站设置充电桩了，更利于飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合 动力式公交车的机动性和推广应用。
飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合动力式公交车，充电桩供电向二组超级电容储能模组16kWh充电30秒内充满电，向飞轮组总储能为96kWh快速充电只需15分钟；在下坡、制动由磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机能量回收，在公交车站和红绿灯临时停车时，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机向超级电容储能模组充电，在上坡和加速时磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机和超级电容储能模组联合向公交车轮毂驱动电机100kW供电。
飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合动力式公交车启动模式：导通Sc1超级电容模组，Sc1超级电容模组升压模块向直流母线供电，快速导通和关断IGBT轮毂驱动电机100kW，或者磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机组转化为释能放电模式向直流母线供电，驱动飞轮储能和超级电容储能混合动力式公交车行驶。
在又一个实施例2，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列电网调峰填谷应用。
由高压交流供电网、交流电压检测模块、直流侧母线、直流电压检测模块、降压变压器、二极管整流器、逻辑控制单元、磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统、逆变器、并网开关、升压变压器或者低压交流供电网组成。
高压交流供电网通过变压器、二极管整流器与直流侧母线连接，为直流母线提供能量。
进一步地，当电网处于用电低谷阶段时，高压交流侧电网电压通过降压变压器经二极管整流器向直流侧母线能量，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统分别与直流侧母线相并联连接，构成磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列充电供电系统。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统、直流侧母线、逆变器、升压变压器或者低压交流供电网构成磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统构成为电网提供能量。
所述逆变器接入直流侧母线，逆变器的输出一路至低压交流供电网，或通过并网开关、升压变压器至高压交流供电网。
进一步地，当电网进入峰电时间段时，当电网进入峰电时间段时，在磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机阵列总功率控制器控制下，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机各单元向直流侧母线放电，直流侧母线通过逆变器向低压交流侧电网供电，或者通过升压变压器向高压交流侧电网供电。
直流侧母线与ECU控制之间设置直流电压检测模块，直流电压检测模块检测直流侧母线电压值，采集到的模拟电压信号转换成相应的数字信号U1传送至ECU控制。
高压交流侧电网与ECU控制之间设置交流电压检测模块，交流电压检测模块采集高压交流侧电网供电电压值，并根据不可控二极管整流电路的整流比例系数得到直流侧母线的空载电压值，而后将其采集到的模拟电压信号转换成相应的数字信号U2传送至ECU控制。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元通过其单元功率控制器接入直流侧母线，驱动单元功率控制器接收ECU控制传送的偏差直流电压U，U＝U1-U2；驱动单元功率控制器根据U值大小以及自身SOC值运筹决策，向飞轮储能单元阵列系统和逆变器发出不同的控制指令。
进一步地，采集直流电压检测模块检测直流侧母线电压值，将其模拟电压信号转换成相应的数字信号，采集交流电压检测模块采集高压交流供电电网电压值，并按比例系数变换为平均直流电压值，而后将其模拟电压信号转换成相应的数字信号；利用直流侧母线电压减去平均直流电压，得到的差值定义为偏差直流电压U。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统根据电网削峰填谷时间段，飞轮释放电能或储能吸收电能的动作，有三种工作模式：磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统充电模式；磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统保持运行模式；磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统放电模式。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统充电模式：当电网处于用电低谷阶段时，高压交流侧电网电压通过降压变压器经二极管整流器向直流侧母线供电，采集直流电压数据位于预设值区间内，若飞轮储能单元SOC<0.5－1，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列处于充电 操作模式。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统保持运行模式：当采集直流电压数据位于预设值区间内，若飞轮储能单元SOC＝1时，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机飞轮储能单元进入保持运行模式，逆变回馈装置不工作。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列系统放电模式：当电网进入峰电时间段时，采集直流电压数据位于预设值区间内，若飞轮储能单元SOC＝1或＞0.5－1时，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机单元阵列处于充电操作模式；在飞轮储能阵列总功率控制器控制下，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机各单元向直流侧母线放电，直流侧母线通过逆变器向低压交流侧电网供电，或者通过升压变压器向高压交流侧电网供电。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机的工作原理图1-6。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机分为储能充电、能量保持运行和储能放电三种工作状态。磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机能量的存储是靠飞轮的惯性来实现的，若飞轮运行于理想状态，没有任何阻力损耗，能量将全部被保存并释放出来。磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机的储能能力取决于飞轮的转动惯量和转速，而提高转速能够使磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机的储能能力得到更大的提高。
磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机原理，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机的工作过程是：功率控制器系统在控制器的作用下，磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机中的集成电动机在外部电源的驱动下，以电动机形式运转，电动机带动飞轮高速旋转，飞轮完成储存动能的过程，即用电给飞轮电池“充电”，之后飞轮以较低的损耗处于能量保持状态，直到当汽车负载需要能量时，飞轮带动集成电动机旋转，集成电动机以发电机的形式旋转，将动能转化为电能，对外输出电能，完成机械能或动能到电能的转换，并通过功率控制器系统将电能转换成汽车各种负载所需的电压来驱动负载工作。当功率控制器系统发电时，飞轮转速逐渐下降，功率控制器系统的飞轮是在真空环境下运转的，转速极高，其中转速可达20万r/min，使用的轴承为非接触式磁悬浮轴承。
对该技术领域的普通技术人员而言，根据以上实施类型可以很容易联想其他的优点和变形。因此，本发明并不局限于上述具体实例，其仅仅作为例子对本发明的一种形态进行详细、示范性的说明。在不背离本发明宗旨的范围内，本领域普通技术人员根据上述具体实例通过各种等同替换所得到的技术方案，均应包含在本发明的权利要求范围及其等同范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，包括真空机壳、飞轮总成、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机系统、电动机/发电机、定子铁芯的空心轴、动密封环、辅助轴承、冷却系统和自抽真空装置组成真空腔体；所述飞轮总成集成了多个磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子；所述多个磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组通电，产生所述飞轮总成径向与轴向悬浮支撑，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组通电驱动飞轮总成旋转，此时飞轮总成为储能模式；当所述飞轮总成转速达到预设值时，所述电动机转换成所述发电机模式，所述飞轮总成为释能放电模式，利用所述飞轮总成惯性势能向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成的发电机永磁外转子切割发电机定子铁芯绕组产生感应电流，经整流稳压向负载用户供电；通过功率控制器系统实行电能储存、转换与重组。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述真空机壳为圆罐状结构，包括机壳本体、机壳底和机壳盖，所述机壳本体与机壳底为一体；所述机壳底和机壳盖的轴心设置所述定子铁芯空心轴的轴头套、花键轴套、动密封环嵌槽、内置泵体和以及所述飞轮总成的空心转轴套其内圆设有凹形环槽冷却流道；所述机壳本体、机壳底和机壳盖内置螺旋形冷却流道和涡流形冷却流道并相互贯通，所述机壳底和机壳盖的涡流形冷却流道与所述飞轮总成空心转轴套的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道口贯通，冷却液从所述飞轮总成空心转轴套的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道一端流入至另一端的所述飞轮总成空心转轴套的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道流出；所述机壳本体与所述机壳盖通过螺丝和密封胶紧固连接，所述真空机壳其材质铝钛合金外层包缠碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述飞轮总成为圆筒形其支撑上下盘为伞状结构包括，所述磁悬浮轴承电机和电动机/发电机的永磁外转子、飞轮本体和飞轮上下支撑盘构成飞轮总成；所述上下支撑盘设有飞轮总成的空心转轴、辅助轴承嵌槽、动密封环嵌槽和导流压缩气圆孔；所述飞轮本体和上下支撑盘内置螺旋形冷却流道和涡流形冷却流道并相互贯通，所述涡流形冷却流道与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴外圆和内圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔相互贯通，冷却液从所述空心转轴外圆凹形环槽一端流入至所述另一端的空心转轴外圆凹形环槽流出；所述飞轮总成材质为永磁体和多层包缠碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述电动机/发电机的定子铁芯内置螺旋状冷却流道与所述定子铁芯的空心轴一腔的冷却流道相互贯通，冷却液从所述定子铁芯的空心轴一腔冷却流道一端流入至另一端流出；所述电动机/发电机为开关磁阻电机、步进磁阻电机、铁芯永磁电机和无铁芯永磁电机，其转子为内、外转子结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机系统包括，径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机、飞轮总成、飞轮总成的空心转轴和辅助轴承；所述径向磁悬浮轴承电机的定子铁芯绕组通电，迫使所述飞轮总成空心转轴的辅助轴承径向悬浮，所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组通电，迫使所述飞轮总成空心转轴的辅助轴承轴向悬浮，所述飞轮总成呈现径向和轴向旋转悬浮支撑状态；所述径向磁悬浮轴承电机置于电动机/发电机对称二测，所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机置于所述飞轮上支撑盘内侧，所述飞轮上支撑盘内侧转子支架设有所述轴向磁悬浮轴承电机的永磁体，其定子为有铁心和无铁心结构，其次转子结构为中间定子或转子的双边结构和两个定子盘中间夹一个转子盘组成双气隙结构；所述辅助轴承为陶瓷轴承。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述定子铁芯的空心轴外圆为阶梯形其内圆Y形三腔结构，所述定子铁芯的空心轴外圆包括轴头、轴颈、轴环、轴身和定子铁芯支架，所述轴头为管状，所述轴颈端部为花键轴、轴颈设有外圆凹环槽冷却流道分流通孔和辅助轴承，所述辅助轴承的内环与轴环相交相切，所述轴身设有多个冷却流道接口，所述多个冷却流道接口与多个所述定子铁芯螺旋状冷却流道相互贯通，所述定子铁芯的空心轴支架设有凹形键槽，所述键槽与多个所述定子铁芯内圆的凸形键相交相切，所述花键轴与所述机壳底和机壳盖的花键轴套相交相切；所述定子铁芯的空心轴内圆包括一腔冷却流道通道，二腔电缆线通道，三腔吸抽真空通道，所述一腔冷却流道管设有所述轴颈外圆凹环槽冷却流道通孔与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴内圆凹环槽冷却流道通孔互交接口相切；所述二腔电缆线通道，所述二腔轴身设有通孔，所述定子铁芯绕组电缆引线穿过所述通孔连接功率控制器；所述三腔吸抽真空通道，所述三腔轴身设有多个吸抽真空通孔与外置的抽真空机相互贯通，其中所述的定子铁芯的空心轴为非磁性金属和碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5或6所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述冷却系统，包括真空机壳冷却流道、飞轮总成冷却流道、定子铁芯冷却流道、定子铁芯的空心轴冷却流道和辅助轴承冷却流道一体化构造；所述冷却流道从所述定子铁芯的空心轴轴头一腔一端冷却流道流入，经所述定子铁芯的空心轴的轴颈外圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔分流给所述飞轮总成空心转轴的内圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔，所述飞轮总成空心转轴的外圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔又分流给所述机壳底和机壳盖的飞轮总成空心转轴套的内凹形环槽冷却流道，汇流于所述定子铁芯的空心轴轴头一腔另一端的冷却流道出口，所述定子铁芯的空心轴一腔的冷却流道进出口与外置的散热器和循环泵连接进行循环冷却；其中所述定子铁芯的空心轴的轴颈外 圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔与所述飞轮总成的空心转轴内圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔相切，所述飞轮总成的空心转轴的外圆凹形环槽冷却流道通孔与所述机壳底和机壳盖的飞轮总成的空心转轴套内凹形环槽冷却流道相切。
  8. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述自抽真空装置包括，内置泵体、泵转子、涡轮叶片、自抽真空出气口、单向阀门和真空压力表；所述内置泵体镶嵌在所述机壳底和机壳盖的内侧，所述机壳底和机壳盖的内侧置有所述自抽真空的多个排气孔，所述多个排气孔并通过内置于所述机壳底和机壳盖的多个导管与所述机壳底和机壳盖的外置的真空排气出口贯通，所述真空排气出口设有单向阀门和真空压力表；所述飞轮总成的空心转轴阶梯外圆凹形键槽与泵转子的内圆凸形键相切相交，用插销锁紧；所述泵转子与飞轮总成的空心转轴同步转动；所述泵转子和涡轮叶片其材质为碳素纤维树脂复合材料。
  9. 根据权利要求1、4或5所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述功率控制器系统，包括外部电源模块、超级电容模组、DC-DC/AC升压降压转换器、自动切换模块、径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机控制模块和电动机/发电机驱动模块和整流稳压模块；当外部电源模块供电时，通过PWM控制所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机定子铁芯绕组的电流，迫使飞轮总成辅助轴承径向和轴向悬浮，再启动电动机驱动模块，所述电动机的定子铁芯绕组导通，所述飞轮总成转子高速旋转，此时所述飞轮总成为储能充电模式；当转速达到预设值时，所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机供电自动切换到超级电容模组供电模式，所述启动进入飞轮总成能量保持运行模式；当外部负载需要能量时，所述飞轮总成向发电机做功，所述飞轮总成中的发电机永磁体切割发电机的定子铁芯绕组产生感应电流，经整流稳压向直流母线输出电能，所述直流母线向负载用户供电，此时所述飞轮总成为释能放电模式；当飞轮总成转速逐渐下降为零时，断开所述功率控制器与外部负载连接的开关，断开所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机控制开关，所述飞轮总成完全进入停机模式；其中所述发电机所发出的部分电能通过所述DC-DC转换器降压交替向Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电；所述Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组通过所述DC-DC转换器升压交替向所述径向和轴向磁悬浮轴承电机提供飞轮总成悬浮电能；其次所述Sc1与Sc2超级电容模组充电与放电始终保持自动切换成状态；当所述Sc1超级电容模组电量低于预设定值时，DC-DC转换器自动切换成Sc2超级电容模组放电模式，Sc1超级电容模组DC-DC转换器自动切换充电模式。
  10. 根据权利要求1、2、3、4、5或6所述的一种磁悬浮飞轮储能电机发电机，其特征在于，所述涉及新能源电动的交通运输工具和电力发电机和机组。
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