WO2021239152A1 - 一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021239152A1
WO2021239152A1 PCT/CN2021/097535 CN2021097535W WO2021239152A1 WO 2021239152 A1 WO2021239152 A1 WO 2021239152A1 CN 2021097535 W CN2021097535 W CN 2021097535W WO 2021239152 A1 WO2021239152 A1 WO 2021239152A1
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temperature
heating device
geothermal
lithological
rock
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PCT/CN2021/097535
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵文韬
荆铁亚
王金意
张健
张国祥
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2021239152A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021239152A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of geothermal exploration, in particular to a system and method for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature.
  • Geothermal resources are a kind of clean and renewable energy with large reserves, high efficiency and good stability, which are of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction, response to global warming, and control of smog.
  • technical means such as geological analysis and experimental testing are often required to predict the local geothermal conditions in advance to increase the success rate of geothermal exploitation and obtain better quality and more reliable geothermal heat. resource.
  • it is often difficult to directly observe the underground thermal storage. If the new geothermal mining and drilling is directly implemented, a large amount of exploration and development costs will be required. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a system that is convenient, fast, and helpful to further clarify the geothermal resources in the study area, so that the local geothermal resources can be evaluated relatively accurately.
  • the equivalent temperature of the corresponding depth can be determined by , And carry out shallow geothermal resource numerical simulation on this basis. In the case of less stringent requirements, the depth can be determined to be about 10000m.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a system and method for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature, which solves the problem of low reliability and accuracy of existing geothermal numerical simulation results.
  • the invention provides a system for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature, which includes an experiment box, a top heating device, a bottom heating device, a rock formation column model, a temperature sensor, a thermometer, and a data workbench, wherein the inner cavity of the experiment box
  • the top and bottom are respectively provided with a top heating device and a bottom heating device
  • the rock formation column model is placed in the inner cavity of the experiment box
  • the rock formation column model includes a multi-layer lithological heat conduction plate, which is stacked in a vertical direction Arrangement, each layer of lithological heat conducting board is provided with a temperature sensor; each temperature sensor is connected with a thermometer; the thermometer, the top heating device and the bottom heating device are all connected with the data workbench.
  • a ruler is provided on the outer wall of the experiment box, and the thickness of each layer of lithological heat conducting plate corresponds to the depth indication of the ruler.
  • the top heating device includes a top heater and a top heating plate, wherein the top heating plate is fixed on the top of the experiment box, and the top heater and the top heating plate are connected.
  • the bottom heating device includes a bottom heater and a bottom heating plate, wherein the bottom heating plate is fixed at the bottom of the experiment box, and the bottom heater is connected to the bottom heating plate.
  • the number of layers of the lithological heat conduction plate in the rock formation column model corresponds to the number of layers of the rock formation in the study area; the thickness and thermal conductivity of each layer of the lithology heat conduction plate is the same as the thickness of the corresponding rock formation in the study area. The thermal conductivity is consistent.
  • each layer of lithological heat conduction board is composed of a plurality of lithological heat conduction board bodies superimposed.
  • a method of measuring equivalent geothermal temperature including the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain geothermal drilling and geothermal data in the study area
  • Step 2 Build a rock column model based on the data information in Step 1;
  • Step 3 Put the built rock column model into a system for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature based on any one of claims 1-6, and turn on the top heating device and the bottom heating device until the preset temperature is passed; Temperature sensor, thermometer and data workbench collect temperature data;
  • Step 4 Construct the geothermal gradient curve of the rock column model based on the temperature data obtained in step 3, and adjust the bottom heating device until the obtained geothermal gradient curve is consistent with the original geothermal gradient curve of the study area. At this time, the bottom heating device The heating temperature value is the equivalent geothermal temperature.
  • step 2 the rock column model is constructed according to the data information in step 1, and the specific method is:
  • the burial depth and thermal conductivity of each rock formation in the study area will be generalized according to the volume ratio of 1:10000 to obtain a rock formation digital model; the resulting rock formation digital model is combined with a lithological heat conduction plate to build a rock formation column model.
  • the preset temperature of the top heating device is the local surface temperature; the preset temperature of the bottom heating device is the deep temperature.
  • the system and method for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature provided by the present invention can establish simplified rock column models and experimental models that match real geothermal conditions, and can lay an experimental foundation for further geothermal simulation work; obtain a certain range of data through experiments
  • the equivalent geothermal temperature provides necessary experimental conditions and basic data for regional numerical simulation; the present invention uses a relatively simple system to achieve relatively accurate measurement of the equivalent geothermal temperature, and has good promotion significance in the field of geothermal exploration and development.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the actual measured ground temperature gradient curve and the experimental buried depth-temperature value of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a system for measuring equivalent geothermal temperature, including experiment box 1, insulation material 2, scale 3, top heater 4, top heating plate 5, bottom heater 6, bottom heating plate 7. Lithological heat conducting plate 8, temperature sensor 9, thermometer 10, data transmission line 11 and data workbench 12, wherein the inner wall of the experiment box 1 is covered with thermal insulation material 2; the outer wall of the experiment box 1 There is a ruler 3 on it.
  • a top heating plate 5 is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the experiment box 1, and the top heating plate 5 is connected with a top heater 4, and the top heater 4 and the top heating plate 5 cooperate to heat the top.
  • a bottom heating plate 7 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the experiment box 1, and the bottom heating plate 7 is connected to a bottom heater 6, and the bottom heater 6 and the bottom heating plate 7 cooperate to heat the bottom.
  • the inner cavity of the experiment box 1 is provided with a multi-layer lithological heat conducting board 8, and the multi-layer lithological heat conducting board 8 is arranged along the vertical direction of the experiment box 1.
  • each layer of lithological heat conducting plate 8 corresponds to the depth indication of the scale 3.
  • a temperature sensor 9 is arranged on each layer of lithological heat conducting board 8; each temperature sensor 9 is connected with a thermometer 10.
  • thermometer 10 is connected to the data workbench 12 through a data transmission line 11.
  • the data workbench 12 is used to collect temperature data of each temperature sensor and compare it with a preset ground temperature gradient curve.
  • the multi-layer lithological heat conduction plate 8 constitutes a rock formation column model.
  • each layer of lithological heat conducting plate 8 is consistent with the weighted thermal conductivity of the corresponding rock formation in the study area.
  • the experiment box 1 is an upright tube with a size of 20cm (diameter) ⁇ 120cm (height).
  • the wall of the tube should be made of materials with good thermal insulation performance, which can withstand temperature changes of 0-300°C and the formation of lithological heat conduction sheet 8.
  • the lateral pressure is high, and no significant deformation occurs during the experiment.
  • the thermal insulation material 2 should be made of materials with good thermal insulation performance and sealing performance, the thickness should be 2.5 cm, and should be close to the tube wall of the experiment box 1.
  • the scale 3 should be clear in numbers, the total length should be more than 100cm, and the subscale should be at least 5cm; the 100cm scale position on scale 3 should be level with the top surface of the bottom heating plate 7, and the 0cm scale should be level with the bottom surface of the top heating plate 5. together.
  • the top heater 4 should be regulated steadily within a temperature range of 0-30°C, with an adjustment scale of 1°C, and its bottom surface and the top heating plate 5 closely adhere to each other.
  • the top heating plate 5 should be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and its bottom surface should be closely attached to the uppermost lithological heat conducting plate 8.
  • the bottom heater 6 should be regulated steadily in the temperature range of 150-300°C, the adjustment scale is 1°C, and the top surface of the bottom heater 6 should be closely attached to the bottom heating plate 7.
  • the bottom heating plate 7 should be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and its top surface should be closely attached to the bottom lithological heat conducting plate 8.
  • the lithological heat conductive sheet 8 should be prepared in advance, and the size should be 15cm (diameter) ⁇ 5cm (height), and the top/bottom cross-sections should be flat, smooth, and close to each other, and the thermal conductivity can be set to 0.5 respectively. /1.0/1.5/2.0/2.5/3.0/3.5/4.0/4.5/5.0/5.5/6.0/6.5/7.0W/(m ⁇ K).
  • thermometer 10 The measurement range of the thermometer 10 should be -10 to 320°C, with a minimum scale of 1°C.
  • the data workbench 12 should have basic functions such as inputting the actual burying depth-temperature value, automatically collecting the temperature value of each lithological heat conducting sheet 8 in the experiment box 1, drawing and comparing actual/experimental geotemperature gradient curves.
  • Step 1 Collect regional structure and sedimentary data in the study area, focusing on collecting geothermal data such as geothermal gradient curves.
  • the structure and sedimentary geology of the study area focus on collecting data and data related to geothermal in geothermal drilling, including but not limited to the buried depth d of the top and bottom of each rock formation, the thickness of the formation h, the average thermal conductivity of the formation k x , and the specific heat capacity c x , Buried depth-temperature curve corresponding to each layer temperature T, surface temperature T 0 and so on.
  • the average thermal conductivity k x and specific heat capacity c x of the formation should be measured with a representative sample with good sealing properties.
  • the buried depth-temperature geothermal gradient curve should be a curve with a steady increase in temperature from shallow to deep. Local temperature changes may be related to the influx of fluids and are not regionally representative. Therefore, they should be deleted from the selected data.
  • Step 2 Combining the regional geothermal geology, construct a digital rock formation model, and select a suitable lithological heat conduction sheet 8 to build a rock formation pillar model.
  • the actual burial depth d and thermal conductivity k x data of each layer are generalized into a rock formation digital model at a scale of 1:10000; the obtained rock formation digital model is combined with the lithological heat conduction plate (8) to build a rock formation column Model.
  • the thickness of a single layer of rock should be a multiple of 5cm. If the thickness of a single layer of rock is too thin, it can be processed in one of the following two ways:
  • the first type cut the thickness of the corresponding single-layer lithological heat conduction sheet 8, but the thickness of the cut should be an integer part of the original thickness, such as 2.5cm, 1.25cm, etc., and the cut section should be polished and flat so that the rock column The model is built vertically;
  • the second type convert multiple adjacent thin layers according to the equivalent thermal conductivity k x ', and then merge the multiple adjacent thin layers into one rock formation; then use the lithological heat conduction sheet with the equivalent thermal conductivity k x ' 8 Build the model.
  • k xi is the thermal conductivity of the thin layer adjacent to the i-th layer formation; thickness h i a corresponding formation.
  • the thermal conductivity of the shallow heat conduction plate in the model to the thermal conductivity of the deep magmatic rock; that is, the lithological heat conduction sheet from the top to the bottom of the rock column model
  • the thermal conductivity of 8 gradually transitions to the same as that of magmatic rock, and the thermal conductivity of magmatic rock is preferably 6-7W/(m ⁇ K).
  • a 0-100cm rock formation digital model can be established, and 20 lithological heat conduction fins 8 corresponding to the thermal conductivity are selected, and the rock formation pillar solid model is built from top to bottom. If there is actual evidence that the equivalent depth is significantly lower than 10000m, the depth of the model can be reduced according to the actual situation, and the number of lithological heat conducting fins 8 can be reduced.
  • Step 3 Assemble the equivalent geothermal temperature measurement system, input the geothermal data into the data workbench 12, and put the built rock column model into the equivalent geothermal temperature measurement system, each lithological heat conducting sheet 8 and scale 3 and temperature sensor 9 Should be strictly aligned.
  • top heating plate 5 and the top heater 4 are placed on the top lithological heat conducting sheet 8 in sequence, and the lithological heat conducting sheet 8, the top heating plate 5 and the top heater 4 are in close contact with each other.
  • thermometers 10 evenly insert temperature sensors 9 and thermometers 10 into the preset boreholes on the side of the experiment box 1.
  • Each temperature sensor 9 should extend into the lithological heat conducting sheet 8, and each thermometer 10 passes through the data transmission line 11. Connected to the data workbench 12.
  • Step 4 start the top heater 4 and the bottom heater 6 to the design temperature, turn on the data workbench 12 and the thermometer 10, and observe the temperature data collected by the data workbench 12 at any time.
  • the depth temperature is initially the estimated temperature and needs to be Continue to adjust to the actual temperature through the following steps; 250°C can be considered for the first setting, and it will remain unchanged for a period of time.
  • Step 5 Compare the in-situ temperature gradient curve and the temperature data in each lithological heat conducting sheet 8, and adjust the temperature of the bottom heater 6 and the bottom heating plate 7 at any time until the in-situ temperature gradient curve and the new geothermal gradient curve are basically the same.
  • the first type If the shallow experimental data and the in-situ temperature gradient curve are consistent in form, but the overall temperature is different, the experimental data and the in-situ temperature gradient curve can be gradually approached by adjusting the bottom heater 6;
  • the second type If there is a significant difference between the shallow experimental data and the in-situ temperature gradient curve, which reflects the large discrepancy between the shallow rock layer model and the actual formation situation, the rock layer should be adjusted by resetting the equivalent thermal conductivity of each rock layer, etc.
  • the column model and the lithological heat conducting sheet 8 are combined to make the experimental data gradually close to the in-situ temperature gradient curve.
  • Step 6 Record the final bottom layer temperature as the equivalent geothermal temperature, and record the thermal conductivity data and temperature data of each layer at the same time to form an experimental geothermal gradient curve.
  • the experimental data and the in-situ temperature gradient data are basically consistent.
  • the thermal conductivity-depth combination that best reflects the local lithological heat conduction is recorded.
  • draw the experimental geothermal gradient curve from 0 to 10000m according to the experimental conditions, and record the final bottom temperature, which is the equivalent geothermal temperature T eq .
  • Step 7 Disassemble the top heater 4, bottom heater 6, thermometer 10, temperature sensor 9 and data workbench 12 in sequence, and recover the experimental system and various experimental components for next use.
  • the invention can establish a simplified rock formation and temperature model that matches the real geothermal conditions, and can lay an experimental foundation for further geothermal simulation work; at the same time, it can also experimentally obtain equivalent geothermal temperatures within a certain range, and provide necessary experimental conditions for regional numerical simulations And basic data.
  • the invention utilizes a relatively simple system, can realize relatively accurate measurement of equivalent geothermal temperature, and has good promotion significance in the field of geothermal exploration and development.

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Abstract

一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法，系统包括实验箱（1）、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层柱模型、温度感应器（9）、测温计（10）和数据工作台（12），实验箱（1）内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置；岩层柱模型放置在实验箱（1）的内腔中；岩层柱模型包括多层岩性导热板（8），多层岩性导热板（8）沿竖直方向叠加布置，每层岩性导热板（8）中设置有一个温度感应器（9）；每个温度感应器（9）连接有测温计（10）；测温计（10）、顶部加热装置和底部加热装置均与数据工作台（12）连接。系统及方法实现对等效地热温度相对精确的测量，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。

Description

一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地热勘探技术领域，特别涉及一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法。
背景技术
地热资源是一种储量大、效率高、稳定性好的清洁可再生能源，对于节能减排、应对全球变暖、治理雾霾具有重大意义。在勘探程度相对较低、不具备直接地热开发条件的地区，往往需要地质分析、实验测试等技术手段，预先对当地地热情况进行预测，以提升地热开采成功率，获取更优质、更可靠的地热资源。然而，由于实际开发过程中，地下热储往往难以直接观测，若通过直接实施新的地热开采钻井则需投入大量的勘探开发成本。因此，有必要建立一种方便、快捷、有助于进一步明确研究区地热资源情况的系统，以期可相对精确地评价当地地热资源情况。
目前，尚未形成可直接预测研究区地热资源情况的实验设备，普遍采用的是数值模拟手段。然而，在开展地热数值模拟工作的过程中，由于缺乏深部岩层的温度数据，限制了地热数值模拟成果的可靠度和准确度。深度越深、越接近地心、对应的温度则相应越高，因此理论上讲，从地心深度开始进行数值模拟是最接近实际情况的。但是，一方面数据获取难度太大，另一方面针对某一地区开展深度如此之大的数值模拟工作也没有实际意义。实际上，就某一研究区而言，往往在一定深度之下即为相对均质的岩浆岩，在这一深度层次上，横向温度已无明显差异，因此可通过确定对应深度的等效温度，并以在此基础上开展浅层的地热资源 数值模拟。在要求不太严格的情况下，可将该深度确定为10000m左右。
目前，学者对深部等效地热温度的研究相对较少，更不用说对其进行实验室测量；若利用实验手段可获取相对精确的等效温度，则可为开展可靠的数值模拟工作提供必要的基础数据。因此，有必要形成一套可测量等效地热温度的实验系统，以填补在该领域的研究空白。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法，解决了现有的地热数值模拟成果的可靠度和准确度低的问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，包括实验箱、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层柱模型、温度传感器、测温计和数据工作台，其中，所述实验箱内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置；岩层柱模型放置在所述实验箱的内腔中；岩层柱模型包括多层岩性导热板，多层岩性导热板沿竖直方向叠加布置，所述每层岩性导热板中设置有一个温度感应器；每个温度感应器连接有测温计；所述测温计、顶部加热装置和底部加热装置均与数据工作台连接。
优选地，所述实验箱的外壁上设置有标尺，所述每层岩性导热板的厚度与标尺的深度示数相对应。
优选地，所述顶部加热装置包括顶部加热器和顶部加热板，其中，顶部加热板固定在实验箱的顶部，所述顶部加热器和顶部加热板连接。
优选地，底部加热装置包括底部加热器和底部加热板，其中，底部加热板固定在实验箱的底部，所述底部加热器和底部加热板连接。
优选地，所述岩层柱模型中的岩性导热板的层数与研究区区域的岩层层数相对应；每层岩性导热板的厚度与导热系数与研究区区域中对应的岩层的厚度与导热系数相一致。
优选地，每层岩性导热板由多个岩性导热板本体叠加组成。
一种测量等效地热温度的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，获取研究区区域的地热钻井及地热的数据信息；
步骤2，根据步骤1中的数据信息搭建岩层柱模型；
步骤3，将搭建的岩层柱模型放入至基于权利要求1-6中任一项所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统中，开启顶部加热装置和底部加热装置直至预设温度；通过温度传感器、测温计和数据工作台采集温度数据；
步骤4，根据步骤3中得到的温度数据构建岩层柱模型的地温梯度曲线，并通过调整底部加热装置，直至得到的地温梯度曲线与研究区区域原始的地温梯度曲线一致，此时底部加热装置的加热温度值为等效地热温度。
优选地，步骤2中，根据步骤1中的数据信息搭建岩层柱模型，具体方法是：
将按照1：10000的体积比将研究区区域中各个岩层的埋藏深度和导热系数进行数据概化，得到岩层数字模型；将得到的岩层数字模型结合岩性导热板搭建岩层柱模型。
优选地，步骤4中，顶部加热装置的预设温度为当地地表温度；底部加热装置的预设温度为深部温度。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的一种测量等效地热温度的系统及方法，能够建立与真实地热情况匹配的简化岩层柱模型和实验模型，可为进一步开展地热模拟工作奠定实验基 础；通过实验获取一定范围内的等效地热温度，为区域数值模拟提供必要的实验条件和基础数据；本发明利用相对简易的系统，可实现对等效地热温度相对精确的测量，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程示意图。
图2是本发明的系统示意图。
图3是本发明的实测地温梯度曲线与实验埋深-温度值示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。
如图2所示，本发明提供的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，包括实验箱1、保温材料2、标尺3、顶部加热器4、顶部加热板5、底部加热器6、底部加热板7、岩性导热板8、温度感应器9、测温计10、数据传输线11和数据工作台12，其中，所述实验箱1的内壁上铺设有保温材料2；所述实验箱1的外壁上设置有标尺3。
所述实验箱1的内腔顶部设置有顶部加热板5，所述顶部加热板5连接有顶部加热器4，通过顶部加热器4和顶部加热板5的配合，实现对顶部的加热。
所述实验箱1的内腔底部设置有底部加热板7，所述底部加热板7连接有底部加热器6，通过底部加热器6和底部加热板7的配合，实现对底部的加热。
所述实验箱1的内腔中设置有多层岩性导热板8，多层岩性导热板8沿实验箱1的竖向方向布置。
每层岩性导热板8中的厚度与标尺3的深度示数相对应。
每层岩性导热板8上设置有一个温度感应器9；每个温度感应器9连接有测 温计10。
所述测温计10通过数据传输线11与数据工作台12连接。
所述数据工作台12用于采集各个温度感应器的温度数据，并与预设的地温梯度曲线进行对比。
多层岩性导热板8组成岩层柱模型。
每层岩性导热板8的导热系数与研究区区域中对应岩层的加权导热系数相一致。
所述的实验箱1为直立管状，尺寸以20cm(直径)×120cm(高)为宜，管壁应选用保温性能良好的材质，能承受0～300℃的温度变化和岩性导热片8产生的横向压力，且在实验过程中不发生显著变形。
所述的保温材料2应选用保温性能和封闭性能良好的材质，厚度以2.5cm为宜，且应紧密贴近实验箱1管壁。
所述的标尺3应数字清晰，总长度应在100cm以上，分刻度至少为5cm；标尺3上的100cm刻度位置应与底部加热板7顶面平齐，0cm刻度应与顶部加热板5底面平齐。
所述的顶部加热器4应在0-30℃温度范围内平稳调控，调整分刻度为1℃，其底面与顶部加热板5紧密贴合。
所述的顶部加热板5应选用导热性能良好的材质，其底面应与最上面的岩性导热板8紧密贴合。
所述的底部加热器6应在150-300℃温度范围内平稳调控，调整分刻度为1℃，其顶面应与底部加热板7紧密贴合。
所述的底部加热板7应选用导热性能良好的材质，其顶面应与最下面的岩性 导热板8紧密贴合。
所述的岩性导热片8应预先制备，尺寸以15cm(直径)×5cm(高)为宜，其顶/底截面均应平整、光滑、彼此可紧密贴合，导热系数可分别设置为0.5/1.0/1.5/2.0/2.5/3.0/3.5/4.0/4.5/5.0/5.5/6.0/6.5/7.0W/(m·K)。
所述的测温计10测量范围应为-10～320℃，最小刻度为1℃。
所述的数据工作台12应具有输入实际埋深-温度值、自动采集实验箱1中各岩性导热片8的温度值、绘制并对比实际/实验地温梯度曲线等基本功能。
参照图1，本发明的一种测量等效地热温度系统的操作步骤为：
步骤1，搜集研究区区域构造与沉积资料，重点搜集地温梯度曲线等地热相关数据。
结合研究区构造与沉积地质情况，重点搜集地热钻井中与地热相关资料和数据，包括但不限于各岩层顶面和底面的埋深d、岩层厚度h、岩层平均导热系数k x、比热容c x、埋深-温度曲线中对应的各层温度T、地表温度T 0等。其中，岩层平均导热系数k x和比热容c x应选取封闭性良好、具有代表性的样品进行测量。埋深-温度地温梯度曲线应选取由浅至深温度平稳递增的曲线，局部的温度变化可能与流体大量涌入有关，不具有区域代表性，因此应从选取的数据中删去。
步骤2，结合区域地热地质情况，构建岩层数字模型，并选取合适的岩性导热片8，搭建岩层柱模型。
基于搜集的区域地热数据，按1：10000尺寸比例将实际各地层埋藏深度d、导热系数k x数据概化为岩层数字模型；将得到的岩层数字模型结合岩性导热板(8)搭建岩层柱模型。
数字模型中，单层岩层的厚度宜为5cm的倍数，若单层岩层的厚度过薄，可 通过以下两种方式之一进行处理：
第一种：将对应单层岩性导热片8进行厚度切分，但切分厚度宜为原厚度的整数分之一，如2.5cm、1.25cm等，且切分截面应打磨平整以便岩层柱模型竖直搭建；
第二种：将多个相邻薄层按等效导热系数k x’进行换算，进而将多个相邻薄层合并为一个岩层；之后利用具有等效导热系数k x’的岩性导热片8进行模型搭建。
等效导热系数k x’的计算公式为：
k x’＝∑(k xi·h i)/∑h i
式中，k xi为相邻薄层中第i层岩层的导热系数；h i为对应岩层的厚度。
在实测深度以深的位置，由于实测深度以深为岩浆岩，因此需要将模型中的浅层导热板的导热系数过渡至深层岩浆岩导热系数；即将岩层柱模型中自顶部至底部的岩性导热片8的导热系数逐渐过渡至与岩浆岩一致，岩浆岩导热系数以6-7W/(m·K)为佳。
最终，基于上述原则可建立0-100cm的岩层数字模型，并选取20个对应导热系数的岩性导热片8，由上至下搭建岩层柱实体模型。若有实际证据显示等效深度明显低于10000m深，可根据实际情况降低模型的深度、减少岩性导热片8的数量。
步骤3，组装等效地热温度测量系统，将地热数据输入数据工作台12，并将搭建的岩层柱模型放入等效地热温度测量系统，各岩性导热片8和标尺3与温度感应器9应严格对齐。
根据系统示意图(图2)，首先向四周铺满保温材料2的实验箱1底部置入 底部加热器6和底部加热板7，底部加热器6应与底部加热板7严密接触，底部加热板7顶面应与标尺3上的100cm刻度平齐。
其次，将步骤2搭建好的岩层柱模型依次由深至浅放入实验箱1内，并确保模型中各岩性导热片8与标尺3上的整数刻度严格对应，各岩性导热片8应彼此上下对齐、严密接触。
然后，在顶部的岩性导热片8之上再依次置入顶部加热板5和顶部加热器4，并确保岩性导热片8、顶部加热板5和顶部加热器4彼此紧密接触。
最后，在实验箱1一侧预设的钻孔中均匀插入温度感应器9和测温计10，各温度感应器9应伸入岩性导热片8内部，各测温计10通过数据传输线11与数据工作台12相连。
步骤4，启动顶部加热器4和底部加热器6至设计温度，开启数据工作台12和测温计10，随时观测数据工作台12所采集的温度数据。
启动顶部加热器4，并将顶部加热器4预设为当地地表温度T 0；启动底部加热器6，并将底部加热器6温度预设为深部温度，该深度温度最初为预估温度，需通过后文步骤不断调试至实际温度；第一次设置时可考虑250℃，并在一段时间内保持不变。开启数据工作台12和测温计10，并随时观测数据工作台12上显示的各层温度数据；若发现局部温度过高，应立即停止加热并排查异常原因，直至异常原因得以解决后，才可重新启动系统。
步骤5，对比原地温梯度曲线和各岩性导热片8中的温度数据，随时调整底部加热器6和底部加热板7的温度，直至原地温梯度曲线和新地温梯度曲线基本一致。
将原地温梯度曲线和按1:10000比例对应模型深度的各岩性导热片8温度数 据投图在同一坐标系中(图3)。待各测温计10温度稳定后，观测原地温梯度曲线和实验数据间的差异，并通过下述两种方式进行调整：
第一种：若浅部实验数据和原地温梯度曲线在形态上保持一致、但整体温度存在一定差异，可通过调节底部加热器6的方式让实验数据和原地温梯度曲线逐渐接近；
第二种：若浅部实验数据与原地温梯度曲线在形态上存在明显差异，反映浅部岩层模型与实际地层情况出入较大，应通过重新设定各岩层等效导热系数等方式，调整岩层柱模型和岩性导热片8组合方式，以让实验数据和原地温梯度曲线逐渐接近。
步骤6，记录最终底层温度为等效地热温度，并同时记录各层导热特性数据和温度数据，形成实验地温梯度曲线。
通过步骤5中的两种方式，使实验数据和原地温梯度数据基本一致。根据最终岩性导热片8的排布情况，记录最能反映当地岩性导热情况的导热系数-深度组合。待所有温度稳定后，根据实验情况绘制0～10000m的实验地热梯度曲线，并记录最终底部温度，即为等效地热温度T eq。
步骤7，依次拆卸顶部加热器4、底部加热器6、测温计10、温度感应器9和数据工作台12，回收实验系统和各实验部件，以备下次使用。
实验结束后，关闭顶部加热器4和底部加热器6，让系统逐渐冷却。待数据工作台12上显示实验箱1内温度均低于20℃后，开启实验箱1，依次取出测温计10、温度感应器9，并由上及下逐步取出顶部加热器4、顶部加热板5、岩性导热板8、底部加热板7和底部加热器6，关闭数据工作台12，按顺序归齐岩性导热板8，以备下次使用。
本发明能够建立与真实地热情况匹配的简化岩层和温度模型，可为进一步开展地热模拟工作奠定实验基础；同时也能实验获取一定范围内的等效地热温度，为区域数值模拟提供必要的实验条件和基础数据。本发明利用相对简易的系统，可实现对等效地热温度相对精确的测量，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明的实施范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本发明涵盖的范畴。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，包括实验箱(1)、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层柱模型、温度传感器(9)、测温计(10)和数据工作台(12)，其中，所述实验箱(1)内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置；岩层柱模型放置在所述实验箱(1)的内腔中；岩层柱模型包括多层岩性导热板(8)，多层岩性导热板(8)沿竖直方向叠加布置，所述每层岩性导热板(8)中设置有一个温度感应器(9)；每个温度感应器(9)连接有测温计(10)；所述测温计(10)、顶部加热装置和底部加热装置均与数据工作台(12)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，所述实验箱(1)的外壁上设置有标尺(3)，所述每层岩性导热板(8)的厚度与标尺(3)的深度示数相对应。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，所述顶部加热装置包括顶部加热器(4)和顶部加热板(5)，其中，顶部加热板(5)固定在实验箱(1)的顶部，所述顶部加热器(4)和顶部加热板(5)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，底部加热装置包括底部加热器(6)和底部加热板(7)，其中，底部加热板(7)固定在实验箱(1)的底部，所述底部加热器(6)和底部加热板(7)连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，所述岩层柱模型中的岩性导热板(8)的层数与研究区区域的岩层层数相对应；每层岩性导热板(8)的厚度与导热系数与研究区区域中对应的岩层的厚度与导热系数相一致。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统，其特征在于，每 层岩性导热板(8)由多个岩性导热板本体叠加组成。
  7. 一种测量等效地热温度的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，获取研究区区域的地热钻井及地热的数据信息；
    步骤2，根据步骤1中的数据信息搭建岩层柱模型；
    步骤3，将搭建的岩层柱模型放入至基于权利要求1-6中任一项所述的一种测量等效地热温度的系统中，开启顶部加热装置和底部加热装置直至预设温度；通过温度传感器(9)、测温计(10)和数据工作台(12)采集温度数据；
    步骤4，根据步骤3中得到的温度数据构建岩层柱模型的地温梯度曲线，并通过调整底部加热装置，直至得到的地温梯度曲线与研究区区域原始的地温梯度曲线一致，此时的底部加热装置的加热温度值为等效地热温度。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种测量等效地热温度的方法，其特征在于，步骤2中，根据步骤1中的数据信息搭建岩层柱模型，具体方法是：
    将按照1：10000的体积比将研究区区域中各个岩层的埋藏深度和导热系数进行数据概化，得到岩层数字模型；将得到的岩层数字模型结合岩性导热板(8)搭建岩层柱模型。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种测量等效地热温度的方法，其特征在于，步骤4中，顶部加热装置的预设温度为当地地表温度；底部加热装置的预设温度为深部温度。
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CN212722692U (zh) * 2020-05-29 2021-03-16 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 一种测量等效地热温度的系统

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CN115408846B (zh) * 2022-08-25 2023-08-15 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 珊瑚细砂热物理参数简化预测模型及其试验装置和方法
CN117892562B (zh) * 2024-03-15 2024-05-17 山东省地矿工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队) 一种地温梯度测量过程中的数据采集优化方法

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