WO2021238037A1 - 一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021238037A1
WO2021238037A1 PCT/CN2020/122578 CN2020122578W WO2021238037A1 WO 2021238037 A1 WO2021238037 A1 WO 2021238037A1 CN 2020122578 W CN2020122578 W CN 2020122578W WO 2021238037 A1 WO2021238037 A1 WO 2021238037A1
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distribution
geothermal
temperature
data
simulation system
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PCT/CN2020/122578
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵文韬
荆铁亚
王金意
张健
张国祥
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
华能集团技术创新中心有限公司
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Publication of WO2021238037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021238037A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
    • G01V9/005—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by thermal methods, e.g. after generation of heat by chemical reactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08—Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of geothermal exploration, in particular to a simulation system and method for simulating regional geothermal distribution by using equivalent temperature.
  • Geothermal resources are a kind of clean and renewable energy with large reserves, high efficiency and good stability, which are of great significance for energy conservation and emission reduction, response to global warming, and control of smog.
  • Most areas in northern my country are rich in geothermal resources and demand for heating.
  • geothermal heating due to the complex underground geological conditions, prior to the development of geothermal resources, it is necessary to conduct effective exploration of the occurrence of geothermal resources in different research areas in advance to reduce the technical and economic risks of geothermal exploration, development and utilization.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation system and method for simulating regional geothermal distribution by using equivalent temperature, which solves the defect of poor reliability of the existing numerical simulation for geothermal mining.
  • the present invention provides a simulation system using equivalent temperature to simulate regional geothermal distribution, including an experiment box, a top heating device, a bottom heating device, a rock formation distribution model, a temperature sensor, a thermometer, and a data workbench, wherein the experiment
  • the top and bottom of the inner cavity of the box are respectively provided with a top heating device and a bottom heating device for heating the inner cavity of the experiment box;
  • the inner cavity of the experiment box is provided with a rock layer distribution model;
  • the rock layer distribution model is provided
  • a thermal insulation material is laid on the inner wall of the experiment box.
  • a ruler is provided on the outer wall of the experiment box.
  • the scale of the scale is consistent with the height of the rock layer distribution model.
  • the rock layer distribution model is a 3D printing structure.
  • the top heating device includes a top heating plate and a top heater, wherein the top heater and the top heating plate are connected for heating the top.
  • the bottom heating device includes a bottom heating plate, the bottom heating plate is connected with a bottom heater, and the bottom heater is cooperated with the bottom heating plate to heat the bottom.
  • a simulation method for simulating regional geothermal distribution using equivalent temperature includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain the structure and sedimentation data of the study area
  • Step 2 Build a rock layer distribution model based on the structure and sedimentation data obtained in Step 1;
  • Step 3 Assemble the simulation system of geothermal distribution in the simulation area
  • Step 4 Start the top heating device and the bottom heating device respectively until the temperature of the top heating plate and the bottom heating plate reach the preset temperature; then turn on the data workbench and the thermometer;
  • Step 5 After the temperature data is stable, record the temperature value of each temperature sensor, and collect the thermal conductivity data and buried depth data of each layer at the same time, and draw the simulated distribution map of geothermal resources.
  • the present invention provides a simulation system and method for simulating regional geothermal distribution using equivalent temperature, which can use experimental means to establish a regional geothermal model.
  • the geothermal model can be used to simulate the geothermal physical parameters and temperature distribution of the study area. Carrying out geothermal simulation work to lay the experimental foundation; at the same time, it can also simulate the regional three-dimensional geothermal resource distribution based on equivalent temperature, laying a solid data reference foundation for regional geothermal development; the system can effectively improve the reliability of numerical simulation and provide the key for numerical simulation
  • the invention utilizes a relatively simple system to realize regional geothermal distribution simulation based on equivalent geothermal temperature, and has good promotion significance in the field of geothermal exploration and development.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the simulated distribution of geothermal resources of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a simulation system using equivalent temperature to simulate regional geothermal distribution, including experiment box 1, insulation material 2, scale 3, top heater 4, top heating plate 5, and bottom heater 6. , The bottom heating plate 7, the rock layer distribution model 8, the temperature sensor 9, the thermometer 10, the data transmission line 11 and the data workbench 12, wherein the inner wall of the experiment box 1 is laid with a thermal insulation material 2; the experiment box 1 A ruler 3 is provided on the outer wall of the device.
  • a top heating plate 5 is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the experiment box 1, and the top heating plate 5 is connected with a top heater 4, and the top heater 4 and the top heating plate 5 cooperate to heat the top.
  • a bottom heating plate 7 is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the experiment box 1, and the bottom heating plate 7 is connected to a bottom heater 6, and the bottom heater 6 and the bottom heating plate 7 cooperate to heat the bottom.
  • the inner cavity of the experiment box 1 is provided with a rock layer distribution model 8, and the rock layer distribution model 8 is a 3D printing structure.
  • the thickness of each rock layer in the rock layer distribution model 8 corresponds to the depth indication of the scale 3.
  • Each rock layer in the rock layer distribution model 8 is provided with a temperature sensor 9; each temperature sensor 9 is connected with a thermometer 10.
  • thermometer 10 is connected to the data workbench 12 through a data transmission line 11.
  • the data workbench 12 is used to collect temperature data of each temperature sensor and compare it with a preset ground temperature gradient curve.
  • the experiment box 1 is box-shaped, with a size of 70cm (length) ⁇ 20cm (width) ⁇ 120cm (height).
  • the pipe wall should be made of materials with good thermal insulation properties, which can withstand temperature changes and rock formations of 0-300°C.
  • the lateral pressure generated by the distribution model 8 will not be significantly deformed due to high temperature or pressure during the experiment.
  • the thermal insulation material 2 should be made of materials with good thermal insulation performance and sealing performance, the thickness should be 5 cm, and should be close to the tube wall of the experiment box 1.
  • the scale 3 should be clear in numbers, the total length should be more than 100cm, and the subscale should be at least 5cm; the 100cm scale on scale 3 should be flush with the top surface of the bottom heating plate 7, and the 0cm scale should be flush with the bottom surface of the top heating plate 5. .
  • the top heater 4 should be regulated steadily within a temperature range of 0-30°C, with an adjustment scale of 1°C, and its bottom surface should be closely attached to the top heating plate 5.
  • the top heating plate 5 should be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and its bottom surface should be in close contact with the top surface of the rock layer distribution model 8.
  • the bottom heater 6 should be regulated steadily in the temperature range of 150-300°C, the adjustment scale is 1°C, and the top surface of the bottom heater 6 should be closely attached to the bottom heating plate 7.
  • the bottom heating plate 7 should be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and its top surface should be closely attached to the bottom surface of the rock layer distribution model 8.
  • the total size of the rock layer distribution model 8 should be 65cm (length) ⁇ 10cm (width) ⁇ 100cm (height), which should be reduced in proportion to the actual rock layer distribution, and its top and bottom surfaces should be flat, smooth, and It is closely attached to the top heating plate 5 and the bottom heating plate 7 and can be prepared by 3D printing technology; the thermal conductivity of each layer can be set by adjusting the porosity of the 3D printing material. The thermal conductivity can be set within the range of 0.5-7.0W/(m ⁇ K) according to simulation requirements.
  • the temperature sensors 9 are arranged in an array structure at different positions in the experiment box 1. In the vertical direction, one temperature sensor 9 should be set every 5cm; in the horizontal direction, one temperature sensor 9 should be set every 5-10cm. ⁇ 9.
  • thermometer 10 The measurement range of the thermometer 10 should be -10 to 320°C, with a minimum scale of 1°C.
  • the data workbench 12 should have basic functions such as inputting the surface temperature T 0 , the equivalent temperature T eq , the actual geothermal gradient curve, automatically collecting the temperature values of the temperature sensors 9 in the experiment box 1, and drawing the simulated temperature distribution map of geothermal resources. Function.
  • Step 1 Collect regional structure and sedimentary data in the study area, focusing on collecting related geothermal data and lithological data such as the equivalent deep temperature T eq and the surface temperature T 0.
  • the key collection data includes but not limited to the top and bottom distribution maps of the rock formations in the study area, the thickness distribution maps of each rock formation, the average thermal conductivity of each rock formation k x , and the specific heat capacity c x , the average surface temperature T 0 , and the equivalent temperature T eq in the deep part (usually 10000m deep).
  • the average thermal conductivity k x and specific heat capacity c x of the rock formation should be measured with a representative sample with good sealing performance; the average surface temperature T 0 should be selected from multiple local data in recent years to take the average; the equivalent deep temperature T eq should pass Many representative wells in the local and neighboring areas were obtained through experimental analysis. If there is a geothermal well in the area, the drilling coordinates, depth and geothermal gradient curve can be recorded for later calibration of the model.
  • Step 2 Combining the distribution of regional geothermal rock formations, construct a digital rock formation model, and use 3D printing technology to build a rock formation distribution model 8.
  • the top and bottom depth data of each rock layer is converted into a rock layer digital model at a ratio of 1:10000 from top to bottom.
  • the top and bottom positions of each layer should be clear and continuous.
  • adjacent rock formations with close thermal conductivity k x can be merged and simplified to reduce the number of simulated layers; when the deep part lacks rock layer distribution data, the shallow lithology can gradually transition to the thermal conductivity k x corresponding to the magmatic rock, and its value should be 6-7W/(m ⁇ K).
  • a 0-100cm rock layer distribution model 8 can be established, and its plane width should be consistent with the size of the system. If there is experimental data showing that the corresponding depth of the equivalent temperature is significantly lower than 10000m, the corresponding equivalent temperature T eq can be used to replace the above equivalent temperature according to the actual situation.
  • Step 3 Assemble the regional geothermal distribution simulation system, input the existing burial depth-temperature data into the data workbench 12, and put the built rock layer distribution model 8 into the regional geothermal distribution simulation system.
  • the model should match the scale 3 and the temperature sensor 9 Strictly flush, that is, the top surface of the model is aligned with the 0cm scale line, and the bottom surface of the model is aligned with the 100cm scale line to ensure that the measured temperature corresponds to the geological position one-to-one.
  • the bottom heater 6 and the bottom heating plate 7 into the bottom of the experiment box 1 covered with heat preservation material 2.
  • the top surface of the bottom heater 6 should be in close contact with the bottom heating plate 7, and the top surface of the bottom heating plate 7 It should be flush with the 100cm scale on ruler 3.
  • the rock layer distribution model 8 built in step 2 into the experiment box 1, and ensure that the depth of each layer is level with the corresponding scale on the scale 3.
  • the bottom surface of the rock layer distribution model 8 should be flat, level with the 100cm scale, and with the bottom
  • the top surface of the heating plate 7 is in close contact.
  • Step 4 start the top heater 4 and the bottom heater 6 to the design temperature, turn on the data workbench 12 and the thermometer 10, and observe the experimental temperature data collected by the data workbench 12 at any time.
  • Step 5 After the temperature data is stable, record the temperature value of each temperature sensor 9 and input the pre-measured thermal conductivity data and buried depth data of each layer through the data workbench 12 to draw a simulated distribution map of geothermal resources ( Figure 3 ).
  • the system is heated for a period of time, and after the temperature value of the corresponding position of each temperature sensor 9 is stabilized, the data of buried depth, temperature and thermal conductivity of each temperature measurement point are collected and derived on the data workbench 12. If there is a pre-input single well geothermal gradient curve in the data workbench 12, the difference between the simulated temperature and the actual geothermal gradient can be compared, and the model can be adjusted appropriately if the difference is significant. Finally, use the surfer software to draw the data obtained from the experimental simulation as a geothermal resource distribution map to further guide the exploration and development of geothermal resources.
  • Step 6 Disassemble the top heater 4, bottom heater 6, thermometer 10, temperature sensor 9 and data workbench 12 in sequence, and recover the experimental system and various experimental components for next use.
  • the present invention can use experimental means to establish a geothermal model within a region.
  • the geothermal model can be used to simulate the geothermal physical parameters and temperature distribution of the research area, laying an experimental foundation for further geothermal simulation work; at the same time, it can also simulate the simulation area based on equivalent temperature
  • the three-dimensional geothermal resource distribution lays a solid data reference foundation for regional geothermal development.
  • the present invention utilizes a relatively simple system to realize regional geothermal distribution simulation based on equivalent geothermal temperature, and has a good promotion significance in the field of geothermal exploration and development.

Abstract

一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法，其中该模拟系统包括实验箱（1）、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层分布模型（8）、温度传感器（9）、测温计（10）和数据工作台（12），其中，实验箱（1）内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置，用于对实验箱（1）的内腔进行加热；实验箱（1）的内腔中设置有岩层分布模型（8）；岩层分布模型（8）上设置有多个呈阵列式结构布置的温度感应器（9）；每个温度感应器（9）连接有测温计（10）；测温计（10）与数据工作台（12）连接。该系统及方法可实现基于等效地热温度的区域地热分布模拟，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。

Description

一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地热勘探技术领域，特别涉及一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法。
背景技术
地热资源是一种储量大、效率高、稳定性好的清洁可再生能源，对于节能减排、应对全球变暖、治理雾霾具有重大意义。我国北方大部分地区地热资源丰富、供暖需求大，近年来地热供暖事业方面有了长足的发展。但是，由于地下地质条件复杂，在进行地热资源开发之前，需提前对不同研究区的地热资源赋存情况进行有效勘探，以降低地热勘探与开发利用的技术风险和经济风险。针对勘探程度偏低、不具备直接地热开发利用条件的研究区，由于直接实施地热钻井成果相对偏高，往往需要通过数值模拟等手段对当地地热情况进行预测，以期获取可靠度更高、品质更优的地热资源。
尽管数值模拟是目前进行地热资源预测最主要的手段，但是由于缺乏深部温度数据，限制了地热数值模拟成果的可靠度和准确度。同时，数值模拟毕竟只是利用软件进行计算，计算得到的结果只是符合理论运算法则的理想情形，并未考虑岩石或实体材料模型中的热量损耗、尺寸差异和参数误差等，因此结果可靠度在一定程度上受到了较大的限制。如果能研制出一种可相对仿真实际岩层分布情况和热量分布范围的实验地热模拟系统，可有效解决数值模型在实证方面相对缺乏这一广泛存在的问题。
目前，尚未建立一套可仿真模拟具体范围地热情况的实验模型，同时在模型中也并未考虑地表温度和深度等效温度二者之间的热量传播平衡，最终距数值模型-实体模型有效对比的最终目的还存在一定的距离。因此，有必要形成一套考虑深部等效地热温度、同时也能仿真描述区域地热地质情况的实验系统，以满足提高数值模拟可靠度、为数值模拟提供关键参数的研究 需求，并填补在地热勘探开发阶段、实验模拟手段相对缺乏的空白。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法，解决了现有的用于地热开采的数值模拟可靠性差的缺陷。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
本发明提供的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，包括实验箱、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层分布模型、温度传感器、测温计和数据工作台，其中，所述实验箱内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置，用于对实验箱的内腔进行加热；所述实验箱的内腔中设置有岩层分布模型；所述岩层分布模型上设置有多个呈阵列式结构布置的温度感应器；每个温度感应器连接有测温计；所述测温计与数据工作台连接。
优选地，所述实验箱的内壁上铺设有保温材料。
优选地，所述实验箱的外壁上设置有标尺。
优选地，所述标尺的刻度与岩层分布模型的高度一致。
优选地，所述岩层分布模型为3D打印结构。
优选地，所述顶部加热装置包括顶部加热板和顶部加热器，其中，顶部加热器和顶部加热板连接，用于对顶部进行加热。
优选地，所述底部加热装置包括底部加热板，所述底部加热板连接有底部加热器，通过底部加热器和底部加热板的配合，实现对底部的加热。
一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟方法，基于所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，获取研究区区域的构造与沉积数据；
步骤2，根据步骤1中得到的构造与沉积数据搭建岩层分布模型；
步骤3，组装模拟区域地热分布模拟系统；
步骤4，分别启动顶部加热装置和底部加热装置直至顶部加热板和底部加热板的温度达到预设温度；之后开启数据工作台和测温计；
步骤5，待各温度数据稳定后，记录各温度感应器的温度值，并同时采集各层导热特性数据和埋深数据，绘制地热资源模拟分布图。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明提供的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统及方法，能够利用实验手段建立区域范围内的地热模型，该地热模型可用于模拟研究区的地热物性参数和温度分布，为进一步开展地热模拟工作奠定实验基础；同时也能基于等效温度仿真模拟区域三维地热资源分布，为区域地热开发奠定扎实的数据参考基础；该系统能够有效地提高数值模拟可靠度、为数值模拟提供关键参数的研究需求，并填补在地热勘探开发阶段、实验模拟手段相对缺乏的空白。本发明利用相对简易的系统，可实现基于等效地热温度的区域地热分布模拟，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程示意图。
图2是本发明的系统示意图。
图3是本发明的地热资源模拟分布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，本发明进一步详细说明。
如图2所示，本发明提供的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，包括实验箱1、保温材料2、标尺3、顶部加热器4、顶部加热板5、底部加热器6、底部加热板7、岩层分布模型8、温度传感器9、测温计10、数据传输线11和数据工作台12，其中，所述实验箱1 的内壁上铺设有保温材料2；所述实验箱1的外壁上设置有标尺3。
所述实验箱1的内腔顶部设置有顶部加热板5，所述顶部加热板5连接有顶部加热器4，通过顶部加热器4和顶部加热板5的配合，实现对顶部的加热。
所述实验箱1的内腔底部设置有底部加热板7，所述底部加热板7连接有底部加热器6，通过底部加热器6和底部加热板7的配合，实现对底部的加热。
所述实验箱1的内腔中设置有岩层分布模型8，所述岩层分布模型8为3D打印结构。
所述岩层分布模型8中的每层岩层厚度与标尺3的深度示数相对应。
所述岩层分布模型8中的每层岩层设置有温度感应器9；每个温度感应器9连接有测温计10。
所述测温计10通过数据传输线11与数据工作台12连接。
所述数据工作台12用于采集各个温度感应器的温度数据，并与预设的地温梯度曲线进行对比。
所述的实验箱1为箱状，尺寸以70cm(长)×20cm(宽)×120cm(高)为宜，管壁应选用保温性能良好的材质，能承受0-300℃的温度变化和岩层分布模型8产生的横向压力，且在实验过程中不会因高温或受压发生显著变形。
所述的保温材料2应选用保温性能和封闭性能良好的材质，厚度以5cm为宜，且应紧密贴近实验箱1管壁。
所述的标尺3应数字清晰，总长度应在100cm以上，分刻度至少为5cm；标尺3上的100cm刻度应与底部加热板7顶面平齐，0cm刻度应与顶部加热板5底面平齐。
所述的顶部加热器4应在0-30℃温度范围内平稳调控，调整分刻度为1℃，其底面应与顶部加热板5紧密贴合。
所述的顶部加热板5应选用导热性能良好的材质，其底面应与岩层分布模型8顶面紧密贴 合。
所述的底部加热器6应在150-300℃温度范围内平稳调控，调整分刻度为1℃，其顶面应与底部加热板7紧密贴合。
所述的底部加热板7应选用导热性能良好的材质，其顶面应与岩层分布模型8底面紧密贴合。
所述的岩层分布模型8的总尺寸应以65cm(长)×10cm(宽)×100cm(高)为宜，应根据实际岩层分布情况同比例缩小，其顶面和底面均应平整、光滑、与顶部加热板5和底部加热板7紧密贴合，可通过3D打印技术进行制备；各层导热系数可通过调整3D打印材料孔隙度进行设置。导热系数可根据模拟需求在0.5-7.0W/(m·K)范围内设定。
所述的温度感应器9呈阵列式结构布设在实验箱1内不同位置：竖直方向上，宜每隔5cm设置一个温度感应器9；水平方向上，宜每隔5-10cm设置一个温度感应器9。
所述的测温计10测量范围应为-10～320℃，最小刻度为1℃。
所述的数据工作台12应具有输入地表温度T 0、等效温度T eq、实际地温梯度曲线、自动采集实验箱1中各温度感应器9的温度值、绘制地热资源模拟温度分布图等基本功能。
如图1所示，本发明的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布系统的操作步骤为：
步骤1，搜集研究区区域构造与沉积资料，重点搜集深部等效温度T eq、地表温度T 0等相关地热数据和岩性数据。
结合研究区地质背景，搜集当地地层分布资料和地热钻井数据，重点搜集资料包括但不限于研究区各岩层顶面和底面分布图、各岩层厚度分布图、各岩层平均导热系数k x、比热容c x、地表平均温度T 0、深部(通常为10000m深)等效温度T eq。其中，岩层平均导热系数k x和比热容c x应选取封闭性能良好、具有代表性的样品进行测量；地表平均温度T 0应选取当地近年多处数据取平均值；深部等效温度T eq应通过当地和邻区多口代表性钻井进行实验分析获得。若 当地有地热钻井，可记录钻井坐标、深度及地温梯度曲线，以备模型后期校准使用。
步骤2，结合区域地热岩层分布情况，构建岩层数字模型，并利用3D打印技术，搭建岩层分布模型8。
基于搜集的区域岩层数据，按1：10000比例由上至下将各岩层顶深和底深数据转化为岩层数字模型，各层顶底位置应明确、连续。其中，导热系数k x接近的相邻岩层可合并简化，以减少模拟层数；深部缺乏岩层分布数据时，可由浅层岩性逐渐过渡到岩浆岩对应的导热系数k x，其取值宜为6-7W/(m·K)。最终基于上述原则，可建立0-100cm的岩层分布模型8，其平面宽度宜与系统内尺寸一致。若有实验数据显示等效温度对应深度显著低于10000m，则可根据实际情况以对应等效温度T eq取代上述等效温度。
步骤3，组装区域地热分布模拟系统，将既有的埋深-温度数据输入数据工作台12，并将搭建的岩层分布模型8放入区域地热分布模拟系统，模型应与标尺3和温度感应器9严格平齐，即模型顶面与0cm刻度线对齐，模型底面与100cm刻度线对齐，确保所测温度与地质位置一一对应。
根据系统示意图，首先向四周铺满保温材料2的实验箱1底部置入底部加热器6和底部加热板7，底部加热器6顶面应与底部加热板7严密接触，底部加热板7顶面则应与标尺3上的100cm刻度平齐。其次，将步骤2搭建好的岩层分布模型8放入实验箱1内，并确保各层深度与标尺3上对应刻度平齐，岩层分布模型8底面应平整、与100cm刻度平齐，且与底部加热板7顶面紧密接触。然后，在岩层分布模型8顶面之上再依次置入顶部加热板5和顶部加热器4，并确保岩层分布模型8顶面平整、与0cm刻度平齐，且与顶部加热板5底面紧密接触。最后，在实验箱1一侧和背面均匀布置的钻孔中，依次插入温度感应器9和测温计10，各温度感应器9应伸入岩层分布模型8内部，且各测温计10另一端通过数据传输线11与数据工作台12相连。
步骤4，启动顶部加热器4和底部加热器6至设计温度，开启数据工作台12和测温计10，随时观测数据工作台12所采集的实验温度数据。
启动顶部加热器4，并将顶部加热器4预设为当地地表温度T 0；启动底部加热器6，并将底部加热器6预设为等效温度T eq。开启数据工作台12和测温计10，并随时观测数据工作台12上显示的各温度感应器9数值；若发现局部温度过高或过低，应立即停止加热并排查过热/过冷原因，直至异常原因得以解决后，才可重启模拟系统。
步骤5，待各温度数据稳定后，记录各温度感应器9的温度值，并同时通过数据工作台12输入预先测定的各层导热特性数据和埋深数据，绘制地热资源模拟分布图(图3)。
系统加热一段时间，待各温度感应器9对应位置的温度值稳定后，在数据工作台12上采集并导出各测温点的埋深、温度和导热特性数据。若在数据工作台12中已有预先输入的单井地温梯度曲线，可对比模拟温度和实际地温梯度的差异，差异显著可适当调整模型。最后，利用surfer软件将实验模拟获得的数据绘制为地热资源分布图，以进一步指导地热资源的勘探开发工作。
步骤6，依次拆卸顶部加热器4、底部加热器6、测温计10、温度感应器9和数据工作台12，回收实验系统和各实验部件，以备下次使用。
数据记录完成且实验结束后，关闭顶部加热器4和底部加热器6，让系统逐渐冷却。待数据工作台12上显示实验箱1内温度均低于20℃后，开启实验箱1并依次取出测温计10和温度感应器9，并由上及下逐步取出顶部加热器4、顶部加热板5、岩层分布模型8、底部加热板7和底部加热器6，关闭数据工作台12，按顺序归齐各实验构件，以备下次使用。
本发明能够利用实验手段建立区域范围内的地热模型，该地热模型可用于模拟研究区的地热物性参数和温度分布，为进一步开展地热模拟工作奠定实验基础；同时也能基于等效温度仿真模拟区域三维地热资源分布，为区域地热开发奠定扎实的数据参考基础。本发明利用相对简 易的系统，可实现基于等效地热温度的区域地热分布模拟，在地热勘探开发领域具有较好的推广意义。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施例，不能以其限定发明的实施范围，所以其等同组件的置换，或依本发明保护范围所作的等同变化与修饰，都应仍属于本发明涵盖的范畴。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，包括实验箱(1)、顶部加热装置、底部加热装置、岩层分布模型(8)、温度传感器(9)、测温计(10)和数据工作台(12)，其中，所述实验箱(1)内腔的顶部和底部分别设置有顶部加热装置和底部加热装置，用于对实验箱(1)的内腔进行加热；所述实验箱(1)的内腔中设置有岩层分布模型(8)；所述岩层分布模型(8)上设置有多个呈阵列式结构布置的温度感应器(9)；每个温度感应器(9)连接有测温计(10)；所述测温计(10)与数据工作台(12)连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述实验箱(1)的内壁上铺设有保温材料(2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述实验箱(1)的外壁上设置有标尺(3)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述标尺(3)的刻度与岩层分布模型(8)的高度一致。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述岩层分布模型(8)为3D打印结构。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述顶部加热装置包括顶部加热板(5)和顶部加热器(4)，其中，顶部加热器(4)和顶部加热板(5)连接，用于对顶部进行加热。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，其特征在于，所述底部加热装置包括底部加热板(7)，所述底部加热板(7)连接有底部加热器(6)，通过底部加热器(6)和底部加热板(7)的配合，实现对底部的加热。
  8. 一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1-7中任一项所述的一种利用等效温度模拟区域地热分布的模拟系统，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，获取研究区区域的构造与沉积数据；
    步骤2，根据步骤1中得到的构造与沉积数据搭建岩层分布模型；
    步骤3，组装模拟区域地热分布模拟系统；
    步骤4，分别启动顶部加热装置和底部加热装置直至顶部加热板和底部加热板的温度达到预设温度；之后开启数据工作台(12)和测温计(10)；
    步骤5，待各温度数据稳定后，记录各温度感应器(9)的温度值，并同时采集各层导热特性数据和埋深数据，绘制地热资源模拟分布图。
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