WO2021233579A1

WO2021233579A1 - Closures comprising naturally occurring model-emulating structures for vessel openings, and method for manufacturing same

Info

Publication number: WO2021233579A1
Application number: PCT/EP2021/025190
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gregor Luthe
Original assignee: Smart Material Printing B.V.
Priority date: 2020-05-22
Filing date: 2021-05-23
Publication date: 2021-11-25
Also published as: DE102020003059B3

Abstract

The invention relates to closures (1) for the vessel openings (2.3) of vessels (2) according to figure 1, wherein the closures (1) contain or consist of naturally occurring, animate and inanimate model-emulating structures (1.1; 1.3), wherein the emulating structures (1.1; 1.3) are derived from models selected from the group consisting of fractal structures, tree-like structures, with net-like structures, shell-like structures, skeletal structures and pneumatic structures. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the closures (1) and to the use thereof.

Description

Closures with structures imitating naturally occurring models for vessel openings and processes for their production

The present invention relates to closures with structures for vessel openings that imitate naturally occurring models.

The present invention also relates to methods for producing closures with structures for vessel openings that imitate naturally occurring models.

State of the art

The slogan “take nature as a model” has led to numerous new developments in all areas of technology in the last few decades, which are based on natural and, in particular, biological structures and use these as models. A particularly famous example is the National Olympic Stadium in Beijing, the "Bird's Nest".

This orientation to naturally occurring, biological and / or mineral models from animate and inanimate nature is generally referred to as "biomimetics" or "bionics". Compare also the article by S. Arslan and A. G, Sorguc, "Similarities between" structures in nature "and" man-made structures ": biomimesis in architecture", in Design and Nature II, MW Collins & CA Brebbia (Editors), 2004 WIT Press. ISBN 1-85312-7 21-3.

As numerous and diverse as the models from nature are, their application is just as broad. For example, the American patent application US 2020/025541 A1 reveals a sabot in which bionic structures are provided. The structures are created by an additive manufacturing process during the production of the projectile in a defined manner with regard to size, shape and / or volume in a targeted manner with regard to the local and quantitative integration into the projectile.

A less martial application emerges from the Chinese utility model 208698123. This is based on a multilayer biomimetic structure that contains at least one two-layer network structure layer. The aperture on the network structure layer is 1 nm to 1000 nm. The thickness is 1 μm to 1000 μm. This multilayer biomimetic structure, which is made with wool and a similar structure of a silk cocoon, is gas-permeable and moisture-permeable and can be used as a bandage, gauze mask or diffusion barrier. Lids or closures are removable or hinged parts of vessels that close the vessel openings. For example, screw caps on bottles, cans or tubes are mass-produced goods that are produced millions of times each year and ultimately end up as waste. Most of the screw caps are made of plastics. While each screw cap is small on its own, the sheer quantity makes them a problem. Since most of the screw caps have solid walls, the consumption of plastics during manufacture and waste disposal can no longer be neglected. Due to their high number, their total weight adds up to a no longer negligible height. Among other things, this has the consequence that the energy and the costs that have to be expended for their transport also increase.

Object of the present invention

The invention was therefore based on the object of providing closures for the vessel openings of vessels of all types which, at a significantly lower weight, have the same, if not better, performance properties than the corresponding full-walled closures. In particular, they should lead to a considerable reduction in the amount of waste and significantly lower energy consumption and the costs for their transport.

Solution according to the invention

Accordingly, the closures for vessel openings of vessels according to independent claim 1 have been found. Advantageous embodiments of the closures emerge from the dependent claims 2 to 9.

In addition, the method for producing closures according to independent claim 10 has been found. Advantageous embodiments of the method are the subject of dependent claims 11 and 12.

The independent claim 13 is directed to advantageous uses of the closures according to the independent claim 1.

Advantages of the invention In view of the prior art, it was surprising and not foreseeable for the person skilled in the art that the object on which the present invention was based could be achieved with the aid of the closures according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention.

In particular, it was surprising that the closures according to the invention for the vessel openings of vessels of all types had the same, if not better, performance properties than the corresponding conventional full-walled closures at a significantly lower weight. In particular, their elasticity was higher and their fragility lower than those of comparable full-walled closures.

In particular, because of their lower weight compared to the comparable full-walled closures, they led to a considerable reduction in the amount of waste and significantly reduced the energy consumption and the costs for their transport.

As a result, the closures according to the invention were able to make a significant contribution to reducing the pollution of the mainland and the earth by plastic waste. This is all the more important as it was recently discovered that the infamous plastic eddies in the world's oceans are not only on the surface of the water, but also in the

Deep sea trenches.

Further advantages of the present invention will emerge from the following description.

Detailed description of the invention

The closures according to the invention for the vessel openings of vessels of all types are characterized in that they contain or consist of structures that imitate naturally occurring, animate and inanimate models. According to the invention, the imitation structures are derived from the group consisting of fractals, ie structures similar to themselves, tree-like structures, network-like structures, shell-like structures, skeletal structures and pneumatic structures. The imitative structures are preferably derived from natural models, which are derived from the group consisting of leaf webs, leaf veins, wood structures, root systems, tree tops, plant support structures, bird nests, skeletons of diatoms and radiolarians, inorganic bone structures of mammals, birds and reptiles, cobwebs,

Bat wings, bird wings, insect wings, animal supporting tissues, vein networks, tentacles of cephalopods, rays of fin fish, built in sects, insect nests, insect cocoons, lime, pebbles and horn sponges, sclerites, starfish, coral skeletons, exoskeleton, insects, exoskeleton Soap bubbles, hollow animals, matted crystal needles such as lublinite or crocoite, zeolites, pumice stone and sheet sicates can be selected.

The imitating structures include webs and / or ribs and openings or they consist of these structural units. The webs and / or ribs can be straight, curved, spiral-shaped, of constant or varying cross-section. The openings can be polygons such as regular or irregular triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal or higher-cornered, the delimiting webs and / or ribs of which are convex or concave. In addition, the openings can be circular, oval, elliptical or kidney-shaped. The arrangement of webs and / or ribs and openings can be arranged in the manner of a parquet.

The ribs and / or webs and the openings preferably do not have any sharp edges and points. They are preferably rounded. Particularly preferably, the openings are so small that no fingers, in particular no children's fingers, can get caught in them

The mimicking structures can penetrate one another and / or be layered one on top of the other, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, geometrically regular, fractal, chaotic, wavy, flat and / or curved. At least two of these structural properties can exist in a structure that mimics the same.

The closures according to the invention are preferably screw closures, push-in closures, rotary cam closures, bayonet closures, click closures, lamination closures, crimp closures, sealing nipples, plugs and plugs and snap closures

The vessels are preferably bottles, jugs, tubes, cans, jugs, vases, bowls, boxes, boxes, cardboard boxes, bags, baskets, tanks, mugs, cups, keys, pots, glasses, horns, buckets and barrels. The closures according to the invention can be permeable or impermeable. Examples of permeable closures are lids for salt shakers, pepper tax, spice shakers or

Sugar shaker.

The closures according to the invention can be used one or more times. After opening, the closures according to the invention can be present separately from the vessels or they can be connected to one another in a material or form-fitting manner.

In a particular embodiment, at least two vessel openings of a vessel can be closed by a common closure according to the invention.

In a further particular embodiment, the at least two vessel openings can belong to at least two vessels which are held together by at least one, in particular one, closure according to the invention.

In a preferred embodiment of the closures according to the invention, the ribs and / or webs can be provided with correspondingly reduced structures that imitate naturally occurring models, such as elevations and depressions. The scaled-down mimicking structures improve grip by preventing hands and / or tools from slipping or slipping. In yet another preferred embodiment of the closures according to the invention, there are raised and / or recessed structures on their inside which are complementary to the structures at the vessel openings, such as for screw closures or bayonet closures.

In addition to their technical function, the closures according to the invention can also have an aesthetic function in that they round off, reproduce or vary the spatial shape and / or the outlines of vessels. Furthermore, they can also serve as feet, especially for standing bottles.

The closures according to the invention are preferably made of materials such as fiber-reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics and thermosets, glasses, metals, in particular light metals, steels and precious metals and alloys, woods, ceramics, calabashes, gourds, leather, Animal skins, waterproof fabrics, animal bladders, clays and composite materials can be constructed from at least two of the aforementioned materials.

The surface of the closures according to the invention can be structured, marbled, perforated, roughened, colored, printed, painted, decorated with decorative materials and / or provided with brand names.

The closures according to the invention can be produced with the aid of additive fabricators, abrasive fabricators, thermoset presses, injection molding machines, extrusion presses, rotational molding machines, metal centrifugal casting machines, stamping or

Vacuum forming machines are made.

Digitally controlled, additive fabricators, in particular 3D printers, are preferably used, the geometry of the closures according to the invention being specified by CAD / CAM programs.

It is preferred to use 3D printers that are designed for selective laser melting, selective electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, digital light processing, polyjet modeling, cold gas spraying or melt coating.

Another particular advantage of the closures according to the invention is that they can be used on the one hand as mass products and on the other hand as decorative parts, jewelry parts and design elements, especially if they are made from valuable materials.

Thus, the closures according to the invention, which were made from platinum, palladium, silver and gold, can carry set gemstones such as diamonds, rubies, emeralds, tourmalines or opals.

The biomimetic closures according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 11. FIGS. 1 to 10 show schematically the structures of the biomimetic closures according to the invention, which can advantageously be varied and expanded without departing from the scope of the invention. Because the structures and the functions of the biomimetic closures according to the invention are explained schematically, FIGS. 1 to 11 are not true to scale and do not limit the invention either. Show it

FIG. 1 shows a closure 1 according to the invention with a biomimetic structure for a wine bottle 2,

FIG. 2 shows a closure 1 according to the invention with a biomimetic structure and a bung or stopper 1.4 for a clay jug 2 with a bung hole 2.3,

FIG. 3 shows the top view from above of a hemispherical closure 1 with a biomimetic structure for an ointment tube 2 with an outlet opening 2.3,

FIG. 4 shows the side view of the hemispherical closure 1 with a biomimetic structure according to FIG. 3,

FIG. 5 shows the top view of the longitudinal section through a detail from a tube of ointment 2 with an outlet opening 2.3, which is closed with the hemispherical closure 1 with a biomimetic structure according to FIG. 43,

FIG. 6 shows the top view of the longitudinal section through a detail from an arrangement of two dispenser bottles 2a lying next to one another, held together and closed with the aid of a double closure with biomimetic structure 1; 2 B,

FIG. 7 shows the top view of the upper side 1.2 of the double closure 1 with a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 according to FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows the side view of the double closure 1 with a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 with the two adjacent dispenser bottles 2a; 2b according to Figures 6 and 7,

FIG. 9 shows the plan view of the longitudinal section through a can 2 which is provided with a closure 1 with a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3, which is held by "octopus arms" 1.11, is closed,

FIG. 10 shows the side view of a closure 1 with a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 with a hollow ground glass stopper 1.4 for a glass carafe 2 and FIG. 11 shows the side view of a closure 1 with a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 for a tube neck 2.7.

In Figures 1 to 11, the reference symbols have the following meaning:

1 closure with biomimetic structures for vascular openings

1.1 Load-bearing web, load-bearing rib

1.2 Upper part, seal, tab, roof, cover

1.2.1 Decoration, decorative button

1.2.2 Handle protrusion

1.2.3 Engaging clip

1.2.4 Sealant

1.3 Opening

1.4 Closing plugs, closing plugs,

1.4.1 Compressed incision 1.4.2a, b Closure plug

1, 4.2c, d outlet opening 1.4.3 ground glass

1.5 Thin material surface

1.6 Lower margin

1.7 The web 1.1 encompassing the upper circumferential edge of the bottle neck 2.2

1.8 Receiving part for the engaging clip 1.2.3

1.9 Flexible connection between the seal 1.2 and the lower part of the closure 1

1.10 Hollow middle part

1.11 "Octopus arm"

1.11.1 Suction cup

1.11.2 Pressed-on suction cup 1.11.1

1.11.3 Horizontal disk

1.12 decorative handle, button for better handling

1.13 Sealing with a centered, vertical sealing needle

2 vessel, clay jug, bottle, jar, tube, carafe

2a, b Adjacent tubes or bottles

2.1 Thread area 2.2 bottleneck

2.3 vessel opening

2.3.1 The vessel opening 2.3 circumferential edge

2.4 Arched vessel wall 2.5 Support surface

2.5.1 Additional edition

2.6 vessel wall

2.6.1 The arched vessel wall surrounding the vessel opening 2, 3

2.6.2 Flat vessel wall 2.6.3 Vessel bottom

2.7 Tube neck for fine dosing of ointments, enema syringe

Detailed description of the figures Figure 1

The cover 1.2 and the supporting webs 1.1 or ribs 1.1 of the screw cap 1 according to the invention or the screw cap 1 according to the invention with biomimetic structures 1.2; 1.3 of Figure 1 for a screw bottle 2 consisted of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) (covered). The sealing compound inside the cover 1.2 consisted of Saranex ^® (polyvinylidene dichloride). The biomimetic structure of the supporting ribs 1.1 and the openings 1.3 was derived from the internal inorganic structure of bones, which by nature combined a small amount of material with a high mechanical strength. On the inside of the biomimetic structure 1.2; 1.3 the thread structures complementary to the thread in the thread area 2.1 of the bottle neck 2.2 were arranged (covered). The biomimetic structure also had ribs 1.7 or webs 1.7 which encompassed the upper edge of the bottle neck 2.2. The lower edge 1.6 of the biometric structure 1.2; 1.3 was formed by a circumferential bridge. The screw cap 1 according to the invention could be produced in a simple manner by 3-D printing. As a result, the screw caps according to the invention could be individualized and adapted to special requirements. The use of 3-D printing made the use of expensive injection molding machines obsolete. Because of the biomimetic structures 1.2; 1.3, the screw cap 1 according to the invention had a very much lower weight than conventional screw caps due to the material savings, while maintaining the same strength. The material savings may now, based on one single screw cap 1, appear negligible. It should be noted, however, that screw caps are manufactured, used and disposed of as waste in millions, if not billions of times around the world. Due to this enormously high number of mass-produced items, what at first glance appears to be low material savings for a single item is multiplied to an unimaginable degree. It should also be noted that this material saving, which can no longer be neglected, leads to a significant saving in energy during transport. Last but not least, the amount of waste is significantly reduced.

Figure 2

The closure 1 according to the invention with biomimetic structures 1.1; 1.3 of Figure 2 pointed in its roof 1.2, which also has a biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 had a centrally arranged stopper 1.4 or stopper 1.4 for the vessel opening 2.3 in the bottle neck 2.2 of a clay jug 2. To close the clay jug 2, the closure 1 was simply placed on the bottle neck 2.2. The closure 1 consisted of polyoxymethylene, which is characterized by high rigidity, low coefficients of friction and high dimensional stability. The openings 1.3 of the biomimetic structure 1.1; 1.3 were curved polygons 1.3 which bordered one another and were enclosed by curved straight ribs 1.1 or webs 1.1. The "polygon parquet" was crossed by thicker ribs 1.1. Its lower edge 1 .6 was formed by a somewhat thicker, circumferential web 1 .6.

The "polygonal parquet" was derived from the structure of a bird's nest, much like the Olympic National Stadium in Beijing (Bird's Nest). With the closure 1 according to the invention according to FIG. 2, the same advantages as with the closure 1 according to the invention according to FIG. 1 were achieved.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 the closure 1 according to the invention or the closure cap 1 according to the invention with biomimetic structures 1.1; 1.3 of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 had the shape of a hollow hemisphere, the biomimetic structure of which 1.1; 1.3 derived from the skeletal structure of diatoms or radiolarians. The closure 1 according to the invention was made of polypropylene which, based on the total amount of the mixture, contained 2% by weight of the biocidal sodium salts of the polyoxometalates H ₄ [Si (W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ]. xH ₂ O (CAS No. 12027-43-9) and H ₃ [P (W ₃ O ₁₀ ) ₄ ]. xH ₂ O (CAS no. 12501-23-4) in a weight ratio of 1: 1, produced by 3-D printing (see patent application WO 2016/116259 A1).

From the central roof 1 .2 of the hemisphere 1, which optionally had a decorative button 1.2.1, load-bearing ribs 1.1 ran radially to the circumferential lower edge 1.6. The ribs 1.1 were connected to thin polypropylene surfaces 1.5 which had round, oval and elliptical openings 1.3. This arrangement brought considerable weight savings compared to a hollow spherical shape with a compact wall.

A sealing plug 1.4 with a circular cross-section and a compressible or compressed incision 1.4.1 was attached to the central roof 1.2. The closure 1 according to the invention was pressed onto the curved vessel wall 2.4 of a tube, as a result of which the closure plug 1.4 closed the tube opening 2.3. The outwardly curved vessel wall 2.6.1 surrounding the tube opening 2.3 had a thickness directly at the tube opening 2.3 which corresponded to the length of the closure plug 1.4. Towards the interior of the tube 2, the end surface of the closure plug 1.4 and the inside of the vessel wall 2.6.1 form a horizontal, disk-shaped surface which merged into the curved vessel wall 2.4. Where the curved vessel wall 2.4 merged into the straight vessel wall 2.6, there was a circumferential support surface 2.5 for the lower edge 1.6 of the closure cap 1.1 according to the invention.

With the closure 1 according to the invention according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the same advantages as with the closure 1 according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 and 2 were achieved.

Figures 6, 7 and 8

The double closure 1 according to the invention with biomimetic structures 1,1; 1, 3 for two dispenser bottles 2a lying flat against one another on their sides 2.6.2; 2b made of flexible plastic for the simultaneous pressing out of two different pasty products was used not only for closing and opening, but also for the secure but releasable holding together of the two dispenser bottles 2a; 2 B.

The double closure 1 according to the invention with biomimetic structures 1.1; 1.3 was made from pigmented polycarbonate using 3-D printing. Depending on the product, the color pigments could be different and provide an indication of the origin of the products and their type. The double closure 1 comprised a disc-shaped cover 1, 2 which is connected to the lower part of the double closure 1 with a flexible plastic strip 1.9 was. In addition, a grip projection 1.2.2 was arranged on the cover 1.2, which made it easier to open the cover 1 .2 or the tab 1.2 by pulling the engaging clip 1.2,3 out of the receiving part 1.8. The imaginary connecting line between the center of the attachment of the flexible plastic strip 1.9 and the center of the attachment of the grip projection 1.1.2 ran exactly through the center of the disk 1.2. This imaginary line also connected the two sealing plugs 1.4; 1.4.2a and 1.4; 1.4.2b with the compressible or compressed incisions 1.4.1, which close the two complementary outlet openings 1.4.2c and 1.4.2d.

The lower part of the double closure 1 was designed in such a way that it fits onto the two flexible plastic bottles 2a; 2b could be pressed positively. The two bottle necks 2.2 were fixed by the hollow middle part 1.10 and by the supporting webs 1.1 or ribs 1.1. The webs 1.1 were shaped in such a way that they pressed against the vessel walls 2.6 on the two bearing surfaces 2.5 and 2.5.1.

The biomimetic structures from the supporting ribs 1.1 and the openings 1.3 were derived from the internal inorganic structures of bones, which by nature combined a small amount of material with a high mechanical strength.

The two dispenser bottles 2a and 2b could have different volumes. The double closure according to the invention was then adapted accordingly. For example, the larger dispenser bottle 2a could contain ketchup and the other, smaller dispenser bottle 2b an alcoholic flambé paste. After opening the cover 1.2, the two pasty masses could be applied simultaneously to food to be grilled so that the flambé paste formed a layer on the ketchup layer. Then the grilled food could be flambéed directly. Were the two dispenser bottles 2a; 2b emptied, the double cap could easily be removed and placed on two new dispenser bottles 2a; 2b are placed. The device according to the invention from the two dispenser bottles 2a; 2b and the double lock 1 according to the invention could therefore be used with advantage in restaurants or at events with high sales of grilled food. In addition, this device according to the invention was light, so that a small amount of fossil and / or electrical energy had to be used to transport a large number.

Figure 9

The porcelain box 2 with a round opening 2.3, a disk-shaped bottom 2.6.3 and a circumferential vessel wall 2.6, the upper edge 2.3.1 of which surrounds the opening 2.3 Was rounded off, was closed by a disc-shaped cover 1.2 with a sealing compound 1.2.4 made of Saranex® (polyvinylidene dichloride). The lid was held in place by six "octopus arms" 1.11, which were under tension because of their shape. The "octopus arms" 111 contained regularly arranged webs (1.1) with a round cross-section and elliptical openings (1.3) (both not shown), small suction cups 1.111 (not yet pressed) or 1.11.2 (pressed) could be attached to the pressure points, which further improved the mounting of the cover 12. The lid 1.2 and the "octopus arms" 1.11 were made of gold-plated silver. This also resulted in special aesthetic effects. The "octopus arms" were individually manufactured by metal centrifugal casting and connected to the lid 1.2,

Figure 10

The closure 1 was used as a decorative closure 1 for the opening 2.3; 2.3.1 of the bottle neck 2.2 of a valuable carafe 2 made of crystal glass is used. For this purpose, opening 2.3; 2.3.1 a stopper 1, 4 made of glass with ground glass 1.4.3 inserted. The closure plug 1.4 was held by “octopus arms” 1.11 (cf. the description of FIG. 9) which were attached to a horizontal disk 1.11.3. A decorative handle 1.12 consisting of a small column and a ball with a decorative button 1.2.1 was arranged in the center of the horizontal disk 111.3. The structure of the decorative handle 1.12 with the webs 1.1 and the openings 13 was derived from the mechanically stable, yet light, inorganic bone structures of bird bones away. The use of a gold alloy resulted in special aesthetic effects in addition to the light structure. The "octopus arms" 1.11 and the decorative handle 1.12 were individually produced by metal centrifugal casting and then joined together with the disc (1.11.3). The resulting arrangement was then connected to the sealing plug 1.4.

Figure 11

The conical closure 1 for the tube neck 2.7 for fine dosing of ointments was produced from polyoxymethylene with the help of 3-D printing. It had a lower edge 16, several vertical longitudinal webs 1.1 tapering towards one another, which were connected to horizontally running transverse webs 1.1. The webs 1.1 enclosed square openings 1.3 of different sizes. This structure was derived from a skeletal structure of radiolarians. The longitudinal webs 1.1 converged on the seal 113 with a centered, vertical sealing needle (not visible). A spherical button 1.12 was attached to the seal 1.13 for better handling. Its structure was derived from inorganic bone structures with webs 1.1 or ribs 11 and openings 13, which is why this closure 1 was particularly light and stable. The closure 1 according to FIG. 11 was produced by injection molding.

Claims

1. Closures (1) for the vessel openings (2.3) of vessels (2), characterized in that the closures (1) are made from materials selected from the group consisting of fiber-reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics and thermosets, glasses, metals, woods, Ceramics, calabashes, bottle gourds, leather, animal skins, waterproof fabrics, animal bladders, clays and composite materials are composed of at least two of the aforementioned materials and contain or consist of structures (1.1; 1.3) that imitate naturally occurring, animate and inanimate models, whereby the imitative structures (1.1; 1.3) are imitated from models that are made up of the group consisting of leaf webs, leaf veins, wood structures, root systems, tree tops, plant support structures, bird nests, skeletons of diatoms and radio oil arias, inorganic bone structures of mammals, birds and reptiles, Cobwebs, bat wings, bird wings, insect wings, tieri supporting tissues, vein networks, tentacles of cephalopods, fin rays of bony fish, insect burrows, insect nests, insect cocoons, lime, pebbles and horn sponges, sclerites, starfish, corail skeletons, exoskeletons of insects, jaws, claws and crustaceans, turtle shells, cristallized crustaceans , Pumice stone and phyllosilicates.

2. Closures (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the structures (1.1; 1.3) which imitate naturally occurring models include or consist of webs (1.1) and / or ribs (1.1) and openings (1.3) without sharp points and edges .

3. Closures (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the structures (1.1; 1.3) which imitate naturally occurring models penetrate one another and / or are layered one on top of the other, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, geometrically regular, fractal, chaotic, wavy, flat and / or are arched and / or are provided with structures (1.1; 1.3) that imitate naturally occurring models.

4. Closures (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closures (1) screw closures, snap closures, twist cam closures, bayonet closures, click closures, lamination closures, crimp closures, sealing nipples, plugs and stoppers (1.4) and snap closures and the vessels (2) Bottles, upright bottles, jugs, tubes, cans, carines, vases, bowls, boxes, boxes, cardboard boxes, bags, baskets, tanks, mugs, cups, keys, pots, glasses, horns, buckets and barrels are,

5. Closures (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closures (1) are permeable or impermeable and after opening are separated from the vessels (2) or connected to the vessels (2) in a material or form-fitting manner stay,

6. Closures (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least two vessel openings (2, 3) are closed by a common closure (1).

7. Closures (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least two vessel openings (2.3) belong to at least two vessels (2) which are held together by the at least one closure (1).

8. A method for the production of closures (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 with the help of additive fabricators, abrasive fabricators, thermoset presses, injection molding machines, extrusion presses, rotational molding machines,

Metal centrifugal casting machines, stamping machines or vacuum forming machines.

9. A method for producing closures (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that digitally controlled 3D printers are used as additive fabricators, the geometry of the closures (1) being specified by CAD / CAM programs.

10. A method for the production of closures (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the 3D printer, which is used for selective laser melting, selective electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, digital light processing, polyjet modeling, the Cold gas spraying or melting layers can be used.

11. Use of the closures (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7 and the closures (1) produced by the method according to one of claims 8 to 10 as mass products, decorative parts, feet, jewelry parts and design elements.