WO2021233197A1 - 风车 - Google Patents

风车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021233197A1
WO2021233197A1 PCT/CN2021/093597 CN2021093597W WO2021233197A1 WO 2021233197 A1 WO2021233197 A1 WO 2021233197A1 CN 2021093597 W CN2021093597 W CN 2021093597W WO 2021233197 A1 WO2021233197 A1 WO 2021233197A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
wind
rotating
rotating shaft
windmill
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/093597
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵东楼
卢海
郁峰
赵东好
贾维祥
Original Assignee
安徽康迪纳电力科技有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 安徽康迪纳电力科技有限责任公司 filed Critical 安徽康迪纳电力科技有限责任公司
Priority to JP2022572294A priority Critical patent/JP2023526130A/ja
Priority to EP21807573.7A priority patent/EP4155531A4/en
Priority to AU2021277353A priority patent/AU2021277353A1/en
Publication of WO2021233197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021233197A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F03D3/068—Cyclic movements mechanically controlled by the rotor structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F03D3/009—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical of the drag type, e.g. Savonius
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind energy utilization, in particular to a windmill.
  • wind energy is mainly converted into mechanical energy through windmills.
  • the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and can be used, and the windmill can also be directly used as the power mechanism of other devices.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a windmill which can maintain the same rotation direction.
  • a windmill including a rotating seat, on which a rotating shaft as a power output shaft is vertically arranged, a rotating frame is fixed on the circumference of the rotating shaft, and a rotating frame is hinged on the rotating frame.
  • the direction of the axis of the hinge axis of the fan blade is parallel to the direction of the axis of the rotating shaft, and at least two fan blades are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft.
  • the direction adjustment mechanism drives the rotating seat to follow the wind direction to adjust and rotate according to the wind direction, and the posture adjustment rotation satisfies the following adaptation relationship:
  • the plane of the hinge shaft core and the shaft core is perpendicular to the wind direction
  • the surface of one side of the blade is perpendicular to the wind direction.
  • the blade rotates 180° with the rotation axis
  • the blade rotates 90° so that its surface is parallel to the wind direction.
  • a rotating support structure is arranged between the rotating shaft and the frame to axially support the rotating shaft and the connected fan blades.
  • a wind blade on the windward side of the windmill is perpendicular to the wind direction, so that the wind can be used to the greatest extent to drive the entire windmill to rotate, and the windmill can still rotate under breeze, which further improves the utilization rate of wind energy.
  • the present invention The rotating seat can rotate with the wind direction, so that the windmill in the present invention can keep stable rotation under any wind, and the windmill can keep rotating with the wind.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIGS 4, 5, and 10 are schematic diagrams of the windmill base structure
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of Fig. 5;
  • Figures 7 and 11 are schematic diagrams of the disassembly of the base of the windmill
  • FIGS 8 and 9 are diagrams of the working principle of the present invention.
  • a device for adjusting the follow-up angle of a wind blade plate of a windmill includes a rotating seat 10 on which a rotating shaft 30 as a power output shaft is vertically arranged, and a rotating frame 40 is fixedly arranged on the circumference of the rotating shaft 30.
  • the rotating frame 40 A fan blade 50 is hinged on the upper part. The direction of the hinge axis 51 of the fan blade 50 is parallel to the axial core direction of the rotating shaft 30. At least two fan blades 50 are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 30.
  • the fan blade 50 rotates ⁇ around its hinge axis 51 axis, and the rotation direction ⁇ of the fan blade 50 is the same as or opposite to the rotation ⁇ direction of the fan blade 50.
  • the direction adjustment mechanism drives the rotating seat. 10
  • the posture adjustment rotation meets the following adaptation relationship, when the plane of the hinge shaft 51 and the shaft 30 is perpendicular to the wind direction, the surface of the blade 50 on one side is perpendicular to the wind direction
  • the fan blade 50 revolves 180° with the rotating shaft 30, the fan blade 50 rotates 90° so that its surface is parallel to the wind direction.
  • a rotating support structure 34 is provided between the rotating shaft 30 and the frame 90 to axially support the rotating shaft 30 and The connected fan blade 50;
  • the essence of the present invention is through
  • the rotation ⁇ of the wind blade 50 makes the wind blade 50 different in different positions, so that the resultant moment on one side of the rotating shaft 30 in the wind direction is greater than the resultant moment on the other side, thereby realizing the wind blade 50 It revolves around the axis of the rotating shaft 30 by ⁇ .
  • the fan blade 50 revolves ⁇ , it is accompanied by the rotation ⁇ .
  • the essence of the rotating seat 10 following the wind direction according to the wind direction is: set the rotating seat 10 to face a certain point in the wind direction as position 0, when the wind direction changes, the direction adjustment mechanism drives the rotating seat 10 to rotate so that position 0 is facing the wind direction.
  • the rotating support structure 34 in the present invention is an axial support bearing or a magnetic levitation mechanism.
  • the windmill in the present invention has a large windward surface, which can maximize the use of wind to drive the entire windmill to rotate. The windmill can still rotate under breeze, which further improves the wind energy.
  • the rotating seat 10 in the present invention can rotate with the wind direction, so that the windmill in the present invention can keep stable rotation under any wind, and the windmill can keep rotating with the wind.
  • the rotating seat 10 is fixedly provided with a base gear 13 that is concentric with the rotating shaft 30.
  • the base gear 13 meshes with a transition gear 15 corresponding to the number of blade plates 50.
  • the transition gear 15 is provided with a transition bevel gear 16 on the same core.
  • the hinged shaft 51 of the plate 50 is concentrically fixed with a conical driven gear 52.
  • the two ends of the transmission shaft 60 whose axial core direction is in the horizontal plane are concentrically arranged with bevel gears 61.
  • the two bevel gears 61 are respectively connected to the transition bevel gear 16 and the transition bevel gear.
  • the bevel driven gear 52 meshes.
  • the linkage mechanism such as the transmission shaft 60 and the rotating seat 10 in the above solution can be arranged above the fan blade 50 or below the fan blade 50. This solution completes the rotation ⁇ and rotation ⁇ of the fan blade 50 through a mechanical structure.
  • the linkage is simple, convenient and not easy to make mistakes, and compared with electric control, complicated wiring
  • the rotation speed ratio of the revolution ⁇ of the fan blade 50 to the rotation ⁇ of the fan blade 50 relative to the earth is 2:1. In this way, it can be ensured that when the fan blade 50 rotates to the same position, the angle between it and the wind direction is consistent.
  • the rotation ⁇ direction of the blade 50 is the same as the rotation ⁇ direction of the blade 50 with respect to the ground.
  • the direction ⁇ of the rotation of the blade 50 is the same as the direction ⁇ of the rotation ⁇ of the blade 50. This means that when the windmill is viewed from above, both the rotation ⁇ and the rotation ⁇ rotate counterclockwise or clockwise, and the direction of the rotation ⁇ is the rotation ⁇ relative to the earth.
  • Direction, since the vane 50 revolves while rotating, its rotation ⁇ relative to the earth is equal to the revolution ⁇ minus its own rotation angle relative to its hinge shaft 51, and its own rotation direction relative to the hinge shaft 51 is opposite to the revolution ⁇ direction .
  • the angle between the surface of the wind blade 50 and the wind direction is 45°.
  • the angle between the wind blade 50 at the forward position and the surface of the wind blade 50 at the rear position is 90°, and the blade 50 rotates by 90° when it rotates from the front position to the rear position.
  • the driving device keeps the angle between the frontmost blade of the wind direction and the wind direction at 45 degrees.
  • a brake device that restricts the rotation of the rotating seat 10 is provided on the transmission path between the fan blade 50 and the direction adjustment mechanism. When the wind direction does not change, the rotating seat 10 needs to be limited by the brake device to prevent it from deflecting under the action of external force.
  • the rotating shaft 30 passes through the rotating seat 10, the base 70 and the bottom plate 80 and forms a clearance fit with the three.
  • the base 70 is provided with a shaft core located in the direction A vertical lower radial bearing 71 for supporting the rotating shaft 30 radially.
  • the upper end of the base 70 is concentrically arranged with an axial bearing 12 for supporting the rotating seat 10 with the axial core direction in the vertical direction.
  • An upper radial bearing 11 for radially supporting the rotating seat 10 with the axial core direction in the vertical direction is provided.
  • the shaft body of the rotating shaft 30 is placed in the upper and lower radial bearings 11, 71 and forms a small gap with the inner ring of the bearing.
  • the upper radial bearing 11 is arranged on the upper end surface of the axial bearing 12.
  • the purpose of the clearance fit is to prevent contact friction between the rotating shaft 30 and the rotating base 10, the base 70 and the bottom plate 80 when rotating, causing equipment wear and energy loss, and at the same time, the base 70 can be adjusted to a certain extent within the gap.
  • the small gap dynamic fit is to ensure that the upper and lower radial bearings 11, 71 and the shaft body of the rotating shaft 30 avoid the transmission of axial force, and to ensure that the shaft core is eccentric when the rotating shaft 30 rotates.
  • the force is also within its bearing capacity; in addition, when the shaft core of the passing shaft 30 is slightly offset, the upper and lower radial bearings 11, 71 provide radial forces with a certain distance and opposite directions in the form of bending moments. Acting on the transition shaft 32 to implement support and return; the base 70 and the lower radial bearing 71 inside are used to support the rotating shaft 30 in the radial direction, so that the rotating shaft 30 can rotate freely on the base 70, due to the windmill With a larger volume, the corresponding rotating seat 10 will also be larger and heavier. While supporting the rotating seat 10, the axial bearing 12 ensures that it can rotate relative to the base 70.
  • the rotating seat 10 is fixedly provided with a conical base gear 13 coaxially with the rotating shaft 30, a conical driven gear 52 is fixed concentrically on the hinge shaft 51 of the fan blade 50, and a transmission shaft whose shaft core direction is in the horizontal plane.
  • Bevel gears 61 are arranged concentrically at both ends of 60.
  • the two bevel gears 61 mesh with the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 respectively.
  • the transmission ratio between the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 is 2:1, the bevel bases of the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 have the same orientation, and the meshing sides of the two bevel gears 61 and the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 are located on the corresponding gears away from the shaft 30 side.
  • the linkage mechanism such as the transmission shaft 60 and the rotating seat 10 in the above solution can be arranged above the fan blade 50 or below the fan blade 50.
  • This solution completes the rotation ⁇ and rotation ⁇ of the fan blade 50 through a mechanical structure.
  • the linkage is simple, convenient and not easy to make mistakes, and compared with the electric control, complicated wiring is omitted, and the shaft drive is not easy to drop and damage compared to the chain drive, which is convenient for maintenance and management.
  • the purpose of setting the direction of the cone bottom of the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 is to ensure that the direction of revolution ⁇ and rotation ⁇ are the same.
  • the cone bottom of the bevel base gear 13 and the bevel driven gear 52 face upwards In this way, the meshing surface of the bevel gear is located under the cone bottom, which is not easy to accumulate dust, which is beneficial to prolong its service life.
  • the direction adjustment mechanism includes a direction adjustment sprocket or gear 14 fixedly arranged concentrically on the rotating base 10, and the driving mechanism receives the position signal of the weather vane 20 to drive the adjustment sprocket or gear 14 to follow the weather vane 20 to rotate.
  • the power transmission mode of the steering mechanism is chain transmission or gear transmission, or it can be a worm and worm structure.
  • the worm and worm structure has the function of driving and braking positioning at the same time. This realizes the synchronous rotation of the rotating base 10 and the weather vane 20 and drives
  • the mechanism forms a certain rotation limit for the rotating base 10 to prevent the rotation of the rotating shaft 30 from driving the rotating base 10.
  • the rotating base 10 can be arranged at the lower part of the rotating shaft 30, and is convenient for maintenance and wiring. The above solution not only ensures the realization of the power transmission of the steering mechanism, but also is misaligned with the rotation of the turret 40 to avoid mutual interference.
  • a centering bolt 81 for adjusting the position of the axis of the base 70 is arranged on the bottom plate 80 outside the base 70. In this way, the concentricity of the upper and lower bases 70 during installation can be adjusted, and the position of the shaft core of the rotating shaft 30 can be adjusted, so that the shaft cores at the upper and lower ends of the rotating shaft 30 are consistent and will not produce a large offset, which avoids offset due to eccentricity. The resulting parts are damaged.
  • the rotating shaft 30 includes an upper connecting shaft 31 connected with the rotating frame 40 and a transitional adapter shaft 32 passing through the rotating seat 10, the base 70, and the bottom plate 80.
  • the upper connecting shaft 31 and the transitional adapter shaft 32 pass through a flange.
  • the outer wall of the transitional adapter shaft 32 is in the shape of a stepped shaft with a large upper and a lower one. The stepped surface is spaced from the upper end surface of the upper radial bearing 11.
  • the lower connecting shaft 33 and the transitional adapter shaft 32 are hollow tubular shafts. After the two are plug-connected, they are axially and circumferentially limited and connected, and the lower end of the lower connecting shaft 33 is provided with a flange for connecting the power receiving mechanism.
  • the multi-segment structure of the rotating shaft 30 is convenient for transportation, assembly and processing.
  • the provision of the transitional adapter shaft 32 and the upper and lower radial bearings 11, 71 can ensure the processing accuracy of the transitional adapter shaft 32, and at the same time It is easy to install, otherwise it is extremely difficult to process a long shaft 30 to the required accuracy. In view of the long length, the assembly process with the upper and lower radial bearings 11 and 71 is also difficult to achieve. For a length of about one meter The transitional adapter shaft 32 is extremely convenient to process, and installation is not difficult.
  • the purpose of the transitional adapter shaft 32 is to have a stepped shaft shape.
  • the weight is temporarily borne by the radial bearing, and the weight of a single over-connected shaft will not cause bearing damage.
  • the rotating shaft 30 is tubular as a whole, so as to ensure that there is space for installing the turret 40 on the peripheral wall of the rotating shaft 30, while reducing its own weight as much as possible.
  • the main body of the windmill is arranged on the multi-layer platform 91 along the axis of the rotating shaft 30 on the frame 90.
  • the bottom plate 80 is arranged on the upper surface of the platform 91.
  • the upper end of the upper connecting shaft 31 is provided with a transition shaft 32 connected to the upper windmill main body. Flange.
  • the turret 40 includes a cantilever 41 arranged corresponding to the upper and lower ends of the wind blade.
  • the inner end of the cantilever 41 is a Huff-like structure.
  • the outer ends of the upper and lower cantilevers 41 are provided with a bearing seat and a radial As for the bearing, the hinge shaft 51 at the outer end of the cantilever 41 is provided with an axial support structure for offsetting the gravity of the blade 50.
  • it is a Haval structure.
  • the axial angle occupied by the inner end structure of a single cantilever 41 is 360° divided by the number of fan blades. In this way, only a single cantilever 41 is required for manufacturing and transportation.
  • the Huff structure is also more convenient to disassemble and assemble, and the axial support structure is an axial support bearing or a magnetic suspension structure.
  • a diagonal tie rod 42 is provided between the lower cantilever 41 and the rotation shaft 30.
  • the cantilever 41, the rotation shaft 30 and the diagonal tie rod 42 are combined to form a triangular structure located in a vertical plane. Location. Because the windmill has a large volume and the lower cantilever 41 is subject to greater force, the oblique pull rod 42 is provided to improve its force-bearing capacity. When the space below the lower cantilever 41 is limited and it is not convenient to arrange the oblique pull rod 42, the oblique pull rod 42 can be arranged on the lower cantilever Above 41, the lower part of the blade 50 corresponds to the oblique rod 42 to make an avoidance design.
  • a shaft brake for restricting the revolution ⁇ of the windmill is arranged between the rotating shaft 30 and the frame 90.
  • the function of the shaft brake is to stop the windmill through the brake device 36 when it needs to be inspected and repaired, and at the same time, it also avoids the safety hazard caused by the rotation of the windmill during the disassembly and assembly process.
  • a vane brake for restricting the rotation ⁇ of the vane plate 50 is arranged between the hinge shaft 51 and the rotating frame 40.
  • the function of the fan brake is that when disassembly and assembly, the fan blade 50 does not form a linkage relationship with the rotating shaft 30. At this time, the fan blade can rotate freely. Therefore, the fan brake is set to prevent its rotation ⁇ from interfering with the disassembly and assembly operations. It also avoids the safety hazard caused by the rotation of the wind blade 50 during the disassembly and assembly process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种风车，包括转动座（10），转动座（10）上立式布置有作为动力输出轴的转轴（30），转轴（30）的周向固定设置有转动架（40），转动架（40）上铰接有风叶板（50），风叶板（50）绕转轴轴芯公转（α）时风叶板（50）绕其铰接轴（51）轴芯自转（β），风叶板（50）的公转（α）方向与风叶板的自转方向（β）相同或相反，调向机构驱动转动座（10）依据风向作追随风向的姿态调整转动，姿态调整转动满足以下适配关系，铰接轴（51）轴芯与转轴（30）轴芯所在的平面垂直于风向时，一侧风叶板（50）的板面垂直于风向，该风叶板（50）随转轴（30）公转180°时风叶板（50）自转90°使其板面平行于风向。风车的迎风面上有一风叶板（50）的板面垂直于风向，这样可以最大程度利用风力推动整个风车转动，在微风下风车依然能够转动。

Description

风车 技术领域
本发明涉及风能利用的技术领域，具体涉及一种风车。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展，能源的消耗速度也不断加快，能源短缺已经成为一个日趋严重的问题，风能作为一种可再生能源越来越受到人们的重视，目前风能主要是通过风车转化为机械能再通过发电机将机械能转化为电能而得以利用，风车还可以直接作为其他装置的动力机构。
现有的风力发电机一般离不开风车带动发电机转子转动来发电，而在自然环境中，风往往是变化无常的，不但风向时时改变，风的大小也不停变化，由于风力发电机上的风车较为庞大，其风车上的叶片较窄，当风力较小或微风时，由于风车得不到足够的风力驱动，难以带动发电机转子转动，风力发电就会受到限制，无法满足持续发电和持续供电的要求。同时，由于风力不足不能运转，发电机只能闲置，造成资源浪费，长期的停滞也会造成设备的生锈损坏，并且风车需要保持相同的转动方向，否则便会造成电压不稳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风车其能够保持相同的转动方向。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种风车，包括转动座，转动座上立式布置有作为动力输出轴的转轴，转轴的周向固定设置有转动架，转动架上铰接有风叶板，所述风叶板的铰接轴轴芯方向与转轴轴芯方向平行，风叶板在转轴的周向均匀间隔布置有至少两个，风叶板绕转轴轴芯公转时风叶板绕其铰接轴轴芯自转，风叶板的公转方向与风叶板的自转方向相同或相反，调向机构驱动转动座依据风向作追随风向的姿态调整转动，姿态调整转动满足以下适配关系，铰接轴轴芯与转轴轴芯所在的平面垂直于风向时，一侧风叶板的板面垂直于风向，该风叶板随转轴公转180°时风叶板自转90°使其板面平行于风向，转轴与机架之间设置有转动支撑结构用于轴向支撑转轴及所连风叶板。
上述方案中，风车的迎风面上有一风叶板的板面垂直于风向，这样可以最大程度利用风力推动整个风车转动，在微风下风车依然能够转动，进一步提高了风能的利用率，同时本发明中的转动座可以随风向转动，这样本发明中的风车便可以在任意风向 下保持稳定转动，风车便能随风力保持转向不变的转动。
附图说明
图1为本发明的立体结构示意图；
图2、3为本发明的结构示意图；
图4、5、10为风车底座结构示意图；
图6为图5的A-A面剖视图；
图7、11为风车底座的拆分示意图；
图8、9为本发明的工作原理图。
具体实施方式
一种风车的风叶板随动角度的调节装置，包括转动座10，转动座10上立式布置有作为动力输出轴的转轴30，转轴30的周向固定设置有转动架40，转动架40上铰接有风叶板50，所述风叶板50的铰接轴51轴芯方向与转轴30轴芯方向平行，风叶板50在转轴30的周向均匀间隔布置有至少两个，风叶板50绕转轴30轴芯公转α时风叶板50绕其铰接轴51轴芯自转β，风叶板50的公转α方向与风叶板50的自转β方向相同或相反，调向机构驱动转动座10依据风向作追随风向的姿态调整转动，姿态调整转动满足以下适配关系，铰接轴51轴芯与转轴30轴芯所在的平面垂直于风向时，一侧风叶板50的板面垂直于风向，该风叶板50随转轴30公转180°时风叶板50自转90°使其板面平行于风向，转轴30与机架90之间设置有转动支撑结构34用于轴向支撑转轴30及所连风叶板50；
上述方案中，当铰接轴51轴芯与转轴30轴芯所在的平面垂直于风向时，风向上的一侧风叶板50的板面垂直于风向迎风，另一侧风叶板50的板面平行于风向顺风，这样风向上的两侧风叶板50的迎风面积存在巨大的差距，从而保证转轴30的转向不变且转动扭矩最大，使风力利用率达到最大化，本发明的实质是通过风叶板50的自转β使得风叶板50在不同位置时其迎风面积不同，这样便会使转轴30在风向上的一侧的合力矩大于另一侧的合力矩，从而实现风叶板50绕转轴30的轴芯公转α。风叶板50公转α的同时伴随着自转β，风叶板50公转180°时风叶板50自转90°，即风叶板50公转α角度：风叶板50自转β角度＝2：1，由于风叶板50为两侧对称的板状结构，因此其自转β为180°与自转β为360°时其板面与风向夹角相同，这样保证了风叶板50公转α至各位置时其在同一位置上的迎风面积是相同的，这样风车便能持续稳定的工作。转动座10依据风向作追随风向的姿态的实质是：设转动座10正对风向某点为0号位，当风向发生改变时，调向机构驱动转动座10转动使其0号位正对风向。本发明中的转动支撑结构34为轴向支撑轴承或磁悬浮机构，本发明中风车的迎风面较大，可以最大程度利用风力推动整个风车转动，在微风下风车依然能够转动，进一步 提高了风能的利用率，同时本发明中的转动座10可以随风向转动，这样本发明中的风车便可以在任意风向下保持稳定转动，风车便能随风力保持转向不变的转动。
所述转动座10上固定设置有与转轴30同芯的基齿轮13，基齿轮13与对应风叶板50数量的过渡齿轮15啮合，过渡齿轮15上同芯设置有过渡锥齿轮16，风叶板50的铰接轴51上同芯固定设置有锥形从动齿轮52，轴芯方向位于水平面的传动轴60的两端同芯布置有锥齿轮61，两锥齿轮61分别与过渡锥齿轮16及锥形从动齿轮52啮合。上述方案中的传动轴60等联动机构随转动座10既可以布置在风叶板50上方也可以布置在风叶板50下方，该方案通过机械结构完成了风叶板50公转α与自转β的联动简单方便不易出错，且相对于电动控制省去了复杂的布线。
所述风叶板50的公转α与风叶板50相对于大地的自转β转速比为2：1。这样才能保证风叶板50转动至相同位置时其与风向夹角一致。
风叶板50的公转α方向与风叶板50相对于大地的自转β方向相同。风叶板50的公转α方向与风叶板50的自转β方向相同是指：俯视风车时公转α与自转β均为逆时针或顺时针转动，其中自转β的方向为相对于大地的自转β方向，由于风叶板50公转的同时自转其相对于大地的自转β等于公转α减去其本身相对于其铰接轴51的转动角度，其本身相对于铰接轴51的转动方向与公转α方向相反。
所述铰接轴51轴芯与转轴30轴芯所在的平面平行于风向时，风叶板50板面与风向夹角为45°。风叶板50处于该位置时风向上前位置风叶板50与后位置风叶板50板面之间的夹角为90°，风叶板50从前位置转动至后位置时自转90°。利用风向跟踪系统，通过驱动装置使迎风向的最前方的风叶板与风向的夹角始终保持45度。
所述风叶板50与调向机构之间的传动路径上设置有限制转动座10转动的刹车装置。当风向未发生变化时需要通过刹车装置对转动座10进行限位防止其在外力作用下偏转。
还包括设置在底板80上的圆柱台状的基座70，所述转轴30穿过转动座10、基座70及底板80并与三者构成间隙配合，基座70内设置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于径向扶持转轴30的下径向轴承71，基座70上端同芯布置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于支撑转动座10的轴向轴承12，转动座10内设置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于径向扶持转动座10的上径向轴承11，转轴30的轴身置于上、下径向轴承11、71内且与轴承内圈构成小间隙动配合，所述上径向轴承11布置在轴向轴承12的上端面。上述方案中，间隙配合的目的是防止转轴30转动时与转动座10、基座70及底板80产生接触摩擦造成设备磨损和能量损失，同时可以使基座70在间隙范围内进行一定的位置调整以解决转轴30偏芯偏置的情况。小间隙的动配合就是要保证上、下径向轴承11、71与转轴30的轴身之间避免传递轴向力，又可保证转轴30转动时轴芯出现偏心现象时，这样径向轴承的受力也在其承受能力范围内；另外，当过转轴30的轴芯出现些许偏移时，上、下径向轴承11、71提供具有一定间距、方向相反的径向力以弯矩的 方式作用在过渡转接轴32实施扶持归位；基座70及其内的下径向轴承71用于对转轴30进行径向的扶持，这样转轴30便能在基座70上自由转动，由于风车的体积较大，相应的转动座10也会较大较沉，轴向轴承12在支撑转动座10的同时保证其能够相对于基座70转动。
所述转动座10上固定设置有与转轴30同芯的锥形基齿轮13，风叶板50的铰接轴51上同芯固定设置有锥形从动齿轮52，轴芯方向位于水平面的传动轴60的两端同芯布置有锥齿轮61，两锥齿轮61分别与锥形基齿轮13及锥形从动齿轮52啮合，锥形基齿轮13与锥形从动齿轮52之间的传动比为2：1，所述锥形基齿轮13及锥形从动齿轮52的锥底的朝向相同，两锥齿轮61与锥形基齿轮13及锥形从动齿轮52的啮合侧位于对应齿轮远离转轴30的一侧。上述方案中的传动轴60等联动机构随转动座10既可以布置在风叶板50上方也可以布置在风叶板50下方，该方案通过机械结构完成了风叶板50公转α与自转β的联动简单方便不易出错，且相对于电动控制省去了复杂的布线，并且轴传动相较于链传动不易掉链损坏，便于维护管理。锥形基齿轮13及锥形从动齿轮52的锥底朝向设置目的是保证公转α与自转β的方向相同，本发明中锥形基齿轮13及锥形从动齿轮52的锥底朝上，这样锥形齿轮的啮合面位于锥底下方不易积灰，有利于延长使用其使用寿命。
所述调向机构包括转动座10上同芯固定设置的调向链轮或齿轮14，驱动机构接收风向标20的位置信号驱使调节链轮或齿轮14跟随风向标20转动。即调向机构的动力传输方式为链传动或齿轮传动，也可以为涡轮蜗杆结构，涡轮蜗杆结构同时具有驱动和刹车定位的作用，这样便实现了转动座10与风向标20的同步转动，并且驱动机构对转动座10形成一定的转动限位防止转轴30的转动带动转动座10，转动座10可以布置在转轴30的下部，并且便于检修和布置线路。上述方案即保证了调向机构动力传输的实现，又与转动架40的转动错位从而避免互相干扰。
所述基座70外侧的底板80上布置有调节基座70轴芯位置的调芯螺栓81。这样便能对调节上下层基座70安装时的同心度，对转轴30的轴芯位置进行调节，使转轴30上下端的轴芯一致不会产生较大的偏置，避免了因偏芯偏置造成的零部件损坏。
所述转轴30包括与转动架40相连的上连接轴31和穿过转动座10、基座70、底板80的过渡转接轴32，上连接轴31与过渡转接轴32之间通过法兰盘连接，过渡转接轴32的外壁呈上大下小的台阶轴状，其台阶面与上径向轴承11的上端面间隔布置，下连接轴33和过渡转接轴32为空心管状轴且两者插接连接后轴向、周向限位连接，下连接轴33下端设置有用于连接动力接收机构的法兰盘。由于风车体积较大，多段结构的转轴30便于运输、装配和加工，设置过渡转接轴32并使其与上、下径向轴承11、71，可以保证过渡转接轴32的加工精度，同时方便安装，否则将一根较长的转轴30加工到所需精度是极为困难的，并且鉴于长度过长，其与上、下径向轴承11、71装配工序也难以实现，对于一米左右长度的过渡转接轴32来讲加工极为方便，安装亦非难 事，过渡转接轴32为台阶轴状的目的是，当初装时，转动支撑结构34未安装完毕，可以将过渡转接轴32的重量由径向轴承暂时承担，单个过度连接轴的重量也不会造成轴承损坏。并且转轴30整体为管状，这样保证转轴30周壁上具有安装转动架40空间的同时尽可能降低自重，下连接轴33下端作为动力输出端其可以与发电机相连利用风力进行发电。
风车主体在机架90上沿转轴30轴向布置在多层平台91上，底板80设置在平台91的上表面上，上连接轴31的上端设置有与上方风车主体的过渡转接轴32连接的法兰盘。这样在相同面积的布置区域可以通过风车的多层布置提升风车的迎风面积，提升发电量，同时通过法兰盘连接上下转轴30将多层风车的动力整合在一根轴上，便于拆装且仅需根据承重能力布置风车层数。
所述转动架40包括与风叶板上下端对应布置的悬臂41，悬臂41的里端为类哈夫结构，上、下方悬臂41的外端设置有用于扶持铰接轴51的轴承座和径向轴承，悬臂41的外端的铰接轴51处设置有轴向支撑结构用于抵消风叶板50的重力。当有两个风叶板时即为哈弗结构，单个悬臂41的内端结构所占轴向角度为360°除以风叶板数，这样制造运输时只需制造单根悬臂41即可，类哈夫结构拆装也较为方便，轴向支撑结构为轴向支撑轴承或磁悬浮结构。
所述下方悬臂41与转轴30之间设置有斜拉杆42，悬臂41、转轴30及斜拉杆42合围成位于竖直面内的三角形结构，风叶板50的下部呈梯形以避让斜拉杆42所在位置。由于风车体积较大，下方悬臂41受力较大，因此设置斜拉杆42提升其受力能力，当下方悬臂41的下方空间有限不便于布置斜拉杆42时，可以将斜拉杆42布置在下方悬臂41的上方，风叶板50的下部则对应斜拉杆42做出避让式设计。
所述转轴30与机架90之间设置有限制风车公转α的转轴刹车。转轴刹车的作用是当需要检修时可通过刹车装置36将风车停机，同时也避免在拆装过程中风车的转动造成安全隐患。
所述铰接轴51与转动架40之间设置有限制风叶板50自转β的风叶刹车。风叶刹车的作用是当进行拆装时，风叶板50未与转轴30构成联动关系，此时风叶板能够自由转动，因此设置风叶刹车防止其自转β对拆装作业造成干扰，同时也避免在拆装过程中风叶板50的转动造成安全隐患。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种风车，其特征在于：包括转动座(10)，转动座(10)上立式布置有作为动力输出轴的转轴(30)，转轴(30)的周向固定设置有转动架(40)，转动架(40)上铰接有风叶板(50)，所述风叶板(50)的铰接轴(51)轴芯方向与转轴(30)轴芯方向平行，风叶板(50)在转轴(30)的周向均匀间隔布置有至少两个，风叶板(50)绕转轴(30)轴芯公转(α)时风叶板(50)绕其铰接轴(51)轴芯自转(β)，风叶板(50)的公转(α)方向与风叶板(50)的自转(β)方向相同或相反，调向机构驱动转动座(10)依据风向作追随风向的姿态调整转动，姿态调整转动满足以下适配关系，铰接轴(51)轴芯与转轴(30)轴芯所在的平面垂直于风向时，一侧风叶板(50)的板面垂直于风向，该风叶板(50)随转轴(30)公转180°时风叶板(50)自转90°使其板面平行于风向，转轴(30)与机架(90)之间设置有转动支撑结构(34)用于轴向支撑转轴(30)及所连风叶板(50)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述风叶板(50)的公转(α)与风叶板(50)相对于大地的自转(β)转速比为2：1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：风叶板(50)的公转(α)方向与风叶板(50)相对于大地的自转(β)方向相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述铰接轴(51)轴芯与转轴(30)轴芯所在的平面平行于风向时，风叶板(50)板面与风向夹角为45°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述风叶板(50)与调向机构之间的传动路径上设置有限制转动座(10)转动的刹车装置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：还包括设置在底板(80)上的圆柱台状的基座(70)，所述转轴(30)穿过转动座(10)、基座(70)及底板(80)并与三者构成间隙配合，基座(70)内设置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于径向扶持转轴(30)的下径向轴承(71)，基座(70)上端同芯布置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于支撑转动座(10)的轴向轴承(12)，转动座(10)内设置有轴芯方向位于竖直方向的用于径向扶持转动座(10)的上径向轴承(11)，转轴(30)的轴身置于上、下径向轴承(11、71)内且与轴承内圈构成小间隙动配合，所述上径向轴承(11)布置在轴向轴承(12)的上端面。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6所述的风车，其特征在于：所述转动座(10)上固定设置有与转轴(30)同芯的锥形基齿轮(13)，风叶板(50)的铰接轴(51)上同芯固定设置有锥形从动齿轮(52)，轴芯方向位于水平面的传动轴(60)的两端同芯布置有锥齿轮(61)，两锥齿轮(61)分别与锥形基齿轮(13)及锥形从动齿轮(52)啮合，锥形基齿轮(13)与锥形从动齿轮(52)之间的传动比为2：1，所述锥形基齿轮(13)及锥形从动齿轮(52)的锥底的朝向相同，两锥齿轮(61)与锥形基齿轮(13)及锥形从动齿轮(52)的啮合侧位于对应齿轮远离转轴(30)的一侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4或5或6所述的风车，其特征在于：所述调向机构包括转动座(10)上同芯固定设置的调向链轮或齿轮(14)，驱动机构接收风向标(20)的位置信号驱使调节链轮或齿轮(14)跟随风向标(20)转动。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的风车，其特征在于：所述基座(70)外侧的底板(80)上布置有调节基座(70)轴芯位置的调芯螺栓(81)。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的风车，其特征在于：所述转轴(30)包括与转动架(40)相连的上连接轴(31)和穿过转动座(10)、基座(70)、底板(80)的过渡转接轴(32)，上连接轴(31)与过渡转接轴(32)之间通过法兰盘连接，过渡转接轴(32)的外壁呈上大下小的台阶轴状，其台阶面与上径向轴承(11)的上端面间隔布置，下连接轴(33)和过渡转接轴(32)为空心管状轴且两者插接连接后轴向、周向限位连接，下连接轴(33)下端设置有用于连接动力接收机构的法兰盘。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的风车，其特征在于：风车主体在机架(90)上沿转轴(30)轴向布置在多层平台(91)上，底板(80)设置在平台(91)的上表面上，上连接轴(31)的上端设置有与上方风车主体的过渡转接轴(32)连接的法兰盘。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述转动架(40)包括与风叶板上下端对应布置的悬臂(41)，悬臂(41)的里端为类哈夫结构，上、下方悬臂(41)的外端设置有用于扶持铰接轴(51)的轴承座和径向轴承，悬臂(41)的外端的铰接轴(51)处设置有轴向支撑结构用于抵消风叶板(50)的重力。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的风车，其特征在于：所述下方悬臂(41)与转轴(30)之间设置有斜拉杆(42)，悬臂(41)、转轴(30)及斜拉杆(42)合围成位于竖直面内的三角形结构，风叶板(50)的下部呈梯形以避让斜拉杆(42)所在位置。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述转轴(30)与机架(90)之间设置有限制风车公转(α)的转轴刹车。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的风车，其特征在于：所述铰接轴(51)与转动架(40)之间设置有限制风叶板(50)自转(β)的风叶刹车。
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