WO2021227825A1

WO2021227825A1 - Antenna apparatus and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2021227825A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/089175
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张帅; 柏文泉; 雍征东; 路宝
Original assignee: 西安电子科技大学; Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date: 2020-05-12
Filing date: 2021-04-23
Publication date: 2021-11-18

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna apparatus and an electronic device. The antenna apparatus comprises: a plurality of antenna units; a plurality of decoupling networks corresponding to the plurality of antenna units on a one-to-one basis, wherein each of the decoupling networks has an input port, an output port, a first connection port and a second connection port; a feeder is connected between the output port and a corresponding antenna unit, and the input port is used for being connected to a radio frequency chip; a first decoupling transmission line, the first decoupling transmission line being connected between first connection ports of adjacent decoupling networks; and a second decoupling transmission line, the second decoupling transmission line being connected between second connection ports of adjacent decoupling networks. At least one of the adjacent decoupling networks comprises open branches. The present application can improve the isolation degree of an antenna apparatus and an electronic device, and can reduce the size of a decoupling structure.

Description

Antenna device and electronic equipment

【Technical Field】

This application relates to the field of antenna decoupling technology, and in particular to an antenna device and an electronic device using the antenna device.

【Background technique】

Antennas can efficiently transmit and receive electromagnetic waves and are an indispensable part of wireless communication systems. However, with the advancement of science and technology, it is difficult for a single antenna to meet the ever-increasing performance requirements. In order to solve the problems of poor directivity and low radiation gain of a single antenna, several antenna elements with the same radiation characteristics can be arranged according to a certain geometric structure to form an array antenna, thereby enhancing the radiation performance of the array antenna and producing a more flexible Directional map to meet the needs of different scenarios.

[Summary of the invention]

One aspect of the present application provides an antenna device, which includes: multiple antenna units; multiple decoupling networks corresponding to the multiple antenna units one-to-one, wherein each decoupling network has an input port, an output port, The first connection port and the second connection port; the output port and the corresponding antenna unit are connected with a feeder line, and the input port is used to connect with the radio frequency chip; the first decoupling transmission line, the first decoupling transmission line is connected to Between the first connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks; a second decoupling transmission line, and the second decoupling transmission line is connected between the second connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks. At least one of the adjacent decoupling networks includes open branches.

In another aspect, the present application also provides an electronic device, which includes: a housing; a display screen assembly connected to the housing and forming an accommodating space with the housing; and a radio frequency chip arranged in the housing The antenna device is at least partially arranged in the accommodating space. The antenna device includes: a plurality of antenna units arranged at intervals; a plurality of decoupling networks corresponding to the plurality of antenna units one-to-one, wherein each decoupling network has an input port, an output port, and a first connection port And a second connection port; a first feeder line is connected between the output port and the corresponding antenna unit, a second feeder line is connected between the input port and the radio frequency chip; a first decoupling transmission line, the first decoupling The transmission line is connected between the first connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks; the second decoupling transmission line is connected between the second connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks. At least one of the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network includes an open branch.

In this application, the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network are set between two adjacent antenna units, and the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line are in the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network. Therefore, a part of the signal from the feed is transmitted to the antenna unit through the first decoupling network, and the other part of the signal is transmitted to the second decoupling network through the first decoupling network and the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line. The coupling network can reach the adjacent antenna units, thereby canceling the coupling between the two antenna units to a certain extent and improving the isolation of the multi-antenna system. Moreover, by loading open branches in the decoupling network, the size of the entire decoupling structure can be reduced, which is suitable for miniaturization of the antenna device.

【Explanation of the drawings】

In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative work, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings, among which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a decoupling principle for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a decoupling structure for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first decoupling network according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second decoupling network according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the antenna device according to the first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the antenna device of FIG. 7;

Fig. 9 is a bottom view of the antenna device of Fig. 7;

10 is a partial schematic diagram of the antenna device of FIG. 9, which shows the arrangement of the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network of the antenna device and the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line connected between them;

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the antenna device according to the second embodiment of the present application;

12 is a partial schematic diagram of the antenna device of FIG. 11, which shows the branches of the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network of the antenna device and the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line connected between them Layout

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of equating a linear transmission line to a π-type transmission line;

FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the antenna device according to the third embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a layered structure of an antenna device according to an embodiment of the present application, in which two antenna units are shown;

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of an antenna device according to a fourth embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 17 shows the comparison curve of the reflection coefficient between the two antenna units in the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application before and after connecting the decoupling network;

FIG. 18 shows a comparison curve of the coupling coefficient of the antenna unit in the antenna device of the embodiment of the present application before and after connecting the decoupling network;

FIG. 19 shows a comparison curve of the radiation pattern of the antenna device according to the embodiment of the present application when the beam is scanned to 0° before and after connecting the decoupling network;

FIG. 20 shows a comparison curve of the radiation pattern of the antenna device according to the embodiment of the present application when the beam is scanned to 45° before and after connecting the decoupling network;

FIG. 21 shows a comparison curve of the radiation pattern of the antenna device according to the embodiment of the present application when the beam is scanned to 50° before and after the decoupling network is connected.

【Detailed ways】

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of this application.

The reference to "embodiments" herein means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art clearly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

Array antennas, especially small-pitch array antennas, have the problem of strong mutual coupling. The mutual coupling between the antenna elements affects the matching characteristics and spatial radiation characteristics of the antenna elements and their arrays to a large extent, and the specific manifestations are as follows.

(1) Pattern: The distribution of the current on the antenna unit changes under the action of mutual coupling, causing part of the radiated energy to be further coupled to other antenna units, part of the coupling energy is absorbed and consumed by the terminal load, and the other part of the energy is Will radiate again. Therefore, the pattern of the antenna unit will be distorted. The termination load mentioned here is a parameter equivalent to the back end of the antenna feed; when drawing the equivalent circuit, the entire back end of the antenna feed can be replaced by a resistor, which can be called a termination load .

(2) Input impedance: Affected by mutual coupling, the input impedance of the antenna unit in the array will change, and is different from the input impedance of the antenna unit in an isolated environment, so the matching situation of the antenna unit in each array is different and the matching characteristics will be affected .

(3) Gain: There is heat loss and reflection loss caused by the characteristic impedance mismatch in the antenna unit, so that the radiation power of the antenna unit is smaller than the transmission power, and the reflection coefficient will change under the action of mutual coupling, so the antenna The gain of the unit is affected.

In related technologies, the following five methods are usually used to solve the influence of mutual coupling effects on the antenna unit's pattern, input impedance, gain and other characteristics: DGS-Defected Ground Structure (DGS-Defected Ground Structure) decoupling method, neutralization line Method (NLT-Neutralization Line Technique) decoupling method, band-stop filter decoupling method, electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG, Electromagnetic Band Gap) decoupling method, metamaterial decoupling method (MDT, Metamaterial Decoupling Technique).

However, the above methods are all researches on the method of eliminating coupling between antenna elements, and fail to accurately define and control the coupling effect between antenna elements.

This application provides an electronic device. The array antenna of the electronic device can customize the coupling effect between the antenna elements, and realize the control of the radiation pattern of the antenna element through the design of the coupling effect, such as widening the scanning angle and improving Scan gain, eliminate scan blind area, etc.

The electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a POS (Point of Sales, sales terminal), a car computer, a CPE (Customer Premise Equipment, customer front equipment) and other terminal devices. The following uses a mobile phone as an example to introduce this application.

As shown in Figure 1, the mobile phone 100 may include: an RF (Radio Frequency) circuit 101, a memory 102, a central processing unit (CPU) 103, a peripheral interface 104, an audio circuit 105, a speaker 106, and power management The chip 107, an input/output (I/O) subsystem 108, a touch screen 109, other input/control devices 110, and an external port 111 communicate through one or more communication buses or signal lines 112.

It should be understood that the illustrated mobile phone is only an example of an electronic device, and the mobile phone 100 may have more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, may combine two or more components, or may have Different component configurations. The various components shown in the figure may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software including one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Hereinafter, each component of the mobile phone 100 will be specifically introduced with reference to FIG. 1.

The radio frequency (RF) circuit 101 is mainly used to establish communication between the mobile phone and the wireless network (ie, the network side), so as to realize the data reception and transmission between the mobile phone and the wireless network. For example, sending and receiving short messages, emails, etc. Specifically, the RF circuit 101 receives and transmits RF signals, which are also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuit 101 converts electrical signals into electromagnetic signals or converts electromagnetic signals into electrical signals, and communicates with communication networks and other equipment through the electromagnetic signals. To communicate. The RF circuit 101 may include known circuits for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system with an antenna array, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, digital signal processing Device, CODEC (COder-DECoder, codec) chipset, subscriber identity module (Subscriber Identity Module, SIM), etc.

The memory 102 can be accessed by the CPU 103, the peripheral interface 104, etc. The memory 102 can include high-speed random access memory, or non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other easy-to-use devices. Destroy solid-state storage devices.

The central processing unit 103 executes various functional applications and data processing of the electronic device by running software programs and modules stored in the memory 102.

The peripheral interface 104 can connect the input and output peripherals of the device to the CPU 103 and the memory 102.

The I/O subsystem 108 can connect the input and output peripherals on the device, such as the touch screen 109 and other input/control devices 110, to the peripheral interface 104. The I/O subsystem 108 may include a display controller 1081 and one or more input controllers 1082 for controlling other input/control devices 110. Among them, one or more input controllers 1082 receive electrical signals from other input/control devices 110 or send electrical signals to other input/control devices 110, and other input/control devices 110 may include physical buttons (press buttons, rocker buttons, etc.) ), dial, slide switch, joystick, click wheel. It is worth noting that the input controller 1082 can be connected to any of the following: a keyboard, an infrared port, a USB interface, and a pointing device such as a mouse.

The touch screen 109 is an input interface and an output interface between the user terminal and the user, and displays visual output to the user. The visual output may include graphics, text, icons, videos, and the like.

The display controller 1081 in the I/O subsystem 108 receives electrical signals from the touch screen 109 or sends electrical signals to the touch screen 109. The touch screen 109 detects the contact on the touch screen, and the display controller 1081 converts the detected contact into interaction with the user interface object displayed on the touch screen 109, that is, realizes human-computer interaction. The user interface object displayed on the touch screen 109 can be running The icon of the game, the icon of connecting to the corresponding network, etc. It is worth noting that the device may also include an optical mouse, which is a touch-sensitive surface that does not display visual output, or is an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by a touch screen.

The audio circuit 105 is mainly used to receive audio data from the peripheral interface 104, convert the audio data into an electric signal, and send the electric signal to the speaker 106.

The speaker 106 is used to restore the voice signal received by the mobile phone 100 from the wireless network through the RF circuit 101 into sound and play the sound to the user.

The power management chip 107 is used to perform power supply and power management for the hardware connected to the CPU 103, the I/O subsystem 108, and the peripheral interface 104.

The following describes the array antenna in the antenna system of the RF circuit 101 of the electronic device. The array antenna usually includes a plurality of closely arranged antenna elements. In at least two adjacent antenna units, each antenna unit is connected to the feed through a decoupling network. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

In this embodiment, two

adjacent antenna units

10 and 20 are used as examples to introduce the present application. As shown in FIG. 2, it is a schematic diagram of a decoupling principle for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application. The array antenna includes adjacent antenna elements 10 and antenna elements 20. The radiation characteristics of the antenna unit 10 and the antenna unit 20 may be the same or different. The antenna unit 10 can receive the excitation current from the feed (radio frequency transceiver) of the electronic device, and after amplifying, filtering, matching and tuning, the antenna unit 10 is excited to resonate at the corresponding frequency, thereby generating an electromagnetic wave signal of the corresponding frequency, which is the same frequency as the free space. Electromagnetic wave signal coupling realizes signal transmission. The antenna unit 10 can also resonate with the antenna unit of the corresponding frequency under the excitation of the excitation signal to couple electromagnetic wave signals of the same frequency from free space, thereby forming an induced current on the antenna unit 10, and the induced current enters the radio frequency transceiver after being filtered and amplified. .

The decoupling networks corresponding to two

adjacent antenna units

10 and 20 are connected to each other, wherein the antenna unit 10 corresponds to the first decoupling network 31, and the antenna unit 20 corresponds to the second decoupling network 31'. Both the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' are four-port networks. The first decoupling network 31 has an input port (a ₁ , b ₁ _{) connected to the feed, an output port (a 2} , b ₂ ) connected to the antenna unit 10, and a first connection for connecting the second decoupling network 31' Ports (a ₃ , b ₃ ) and second connection ports (a ₄ , b ₄ ). Second decoupling network 31 'having an input port (a connector feeds' _{_1,} b' _1), an output port connected to the antenna unit (a 20 is the _{_'2,} b' ₂₎ and means for connecting the first decoupling network 31 a first connection port _{_{(a '3, b' 3}} ) and a second connection port _{_{(a '4, b' 4}} ). Length d of the transmission line ₁ may form an output port (a _{_2,} b _2), and having a characteristic impedance Z _0; length of a transmission line d ₂ may form an output port _{_{(a '2, b' 2}} ), and having a characteristic impedance Z ₀ . 'The first connection port (a' length d ₃ of the first transmission line is connected to a first coupling decoupling network 31 is connected to a first port (a _{_3,} b ₃₎ and the second decoupling network 31 _{_3,} b _'3 ), and has a characteristic impedance Z ₃ ; a second decoupling transmission line with a length of d ₄ is connected to the second connection port (a ₄ , b ₄ ) of the first decoupling network 31 and the second connection of the second decoupling network 31 ′ port _{_{(a '4, b' 4}} ), and having a characteristic impedance Z _4. _{_{Further, a 1, a 2, a}} '1, a' 2, a 3, a 4, a '3, a' 4 is the incident voltage wave _{_{amplitude, b 1, b 2, b}} '1, b' 2, b _{_{_{3, b 4, b '3}}} , b' 4 is reflected voltage wave amplitude. It is worth mentioning that the “input port” and “output port” in the embodiment of the present application are only named from the angle of the antenna unit 10 transmitting signals. It is understandable that the antenna unit 10 can also receive signals. In this case, the aforementioned "output port" can be used as an input port, and the aforementioned "input port" can be used as an output port, that is, the "input port" and "output port" in this application. The naming does not limit the attributes of the port. It should also be pointed out that the _{side of the transmission line with length d 1} in Fig. 2 also shows a transmission line with characteristic impedance Z ₀ , but these two transmission lines correspond to the same wire in physical objects; similarly, the length is d ₂ The same applies to the transmission line of, _{the first decoupling transmission line of length d 3 and} the second decoupling transmission line of length d ₄ . The characteristic impedance Z ₃ and the characteristic impedance Z ₄ can be set equal to the characteristic impedance Z _0. In addition, the characteristic impedance Z ₀ is usually set in advance, for example, set to 50Ω.

As shown in FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a decoupling structure for an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application, at least a first decoupling network 31, a second decoupling network 31', and a first decoupling transmission line 33 connected therebetween The second decoupling transmission line 34 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can form the decoupling structure for the array antenna of the present application. In addition, the decoupling structure and the array antenna connected to it can also form the antenna device of the present application.

Hereinafter, examples of the first decoupling network 31 corresponding to the antenna unit 10 in FIGS. 3 and 4 will be specifically introduced. It can be understood that the second decoupling network 31' corresponding to the antenna unit 20 may be the same as the first decoupling network 31 corresponding to the antenna unit 10.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the first decoupling network 31 is a four-port network. In an embodiment, the four-port network is a directional coupler, which may include a directional coupler main body 310 and four transmission lines extending from the directional coupler main body 310. The four transmission lines include a first transmission line 311, a second transmission line 312, a third transmission line 313, and a fourth transmission line 314. In addition, the first connection port (a ₃ , b ₃ ) of the directional coupler can be a coupling port or an isolated port; accordingly, the second connection port (a ₄ , b ₄ ) of the directional coupler can be an isolated port or Coupling port.

The directional coupler body 310 may include a fifth transmission line 315, a sixth transmission line 316, a seventh transmission line 317, and an eighth transmission line 318. The fifth transmission line 315, the sixth transmission line 316, the seventh transmission line 317, and the eighth transmission line 318 are sequentially connected end to end to form a polygon to form a loop.

The first end of the first transmission line 311 is connected to the first end of the fifth transmission line 315, and the second end of the first transmission line 311 forms an input port connected to the feed source 40. The first end of the second transmission line 312 is connected to the second end of the fifth transmission line 315, and the second end of the second transmission line 312 forms an output port connected to the antenna unit 10. The first end of the third transmission line 313 is connected to the first end of the seventh transmission line 317, and the second end of the third transmission line 313 forms a first connection port connected to the first end of the first decoupling transmission line 33. The first end of the fourth transmission line 314 is connected to the second end of the seventh transmission line 317, and the second end of the fourth transmission line 314 forms a second connection port connected to the first end of the second decoupling transmission line 34. It is pointed out here that the first end and the second end of a certain transmission line mentioned in the text refer to the two opposite ends of the transmission line.

The third transmission line 313 and the fourth transmission line 314 can be designed to have a shorter length. For example, the length of the third transmission line 313 and the fourth transmission line 314 can only be connected to the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34. There is no longer a redundant length. This can reduce the influence on the length design of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34.

The characteristic impedance of the fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 may be designed as Z ₁ , and the characteristic impedance of the sixth transmission line 316 and the eighth transmission line 318 may be designed as Z ₂ . In addition, the lengths of the fifth transmission line 315, the sixth transmission line 316, the seventh transmission line 317, and the eighth transmission line 318 can all be set to (1/4)λ, where λ is the wavelength.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the second decoupling network 31' corresponding to the antenna unit 20 may be the same as the first decoupling network 31 described above. Specifically, the second decoupling network 31' is a four-port network. In an embodiment, the four-port network is a directional coupler, which may include a directional coupler main body 310' and four transmission lines extending from the directional coupler main body 310'. The four transmission lines include a first transmission line 311', a second transmission line 312', a third transmission line 313', and a fourth transmission line 314'. Further, the first connection port of the directional coupler _{_{(a '3, b' 3}} ) may be coupled isolation port or ports; Accordingly, the second connection port of the directional coupler _{_{(a '4, b' 4}} ) may be It is an isolated port or a coupled port.

The directional coupler body 310' may include a fifth transmission line 315', a sixth transmission line 316', a seventh transmission line 317', and an eighth transmission line 318'. The fifth transmission line 315', the sixth transmission line 316', the seventh transmission line 317' and the eighth transmission line 318' are sequentially connected end to end to form a loop.

The first end of the first transmission line 311' is connected to the first end of the fifth transmission line 315', and the second end of the first transmission line 311' forms an input port connected to the feed source 40'. The first end of the second transmission line 312' is connected to the second end of the fifth transmission line 315', and the second end of the second transmission line 312' forms an output port connected to the antenna unit 20. The first end of the third transmission line 313' is connected to the first end of the seventh transmission line 317', and the second end of the third transmission line 313' forms a first connection port connected to the second end of the first decoupling transmission line 33. The first end of the fourth transmission line 314' is connected to the second end of the seventh transmission line 317', and the second end of the fourth transmission line 314' forms a second connection port connected to the second end of the second decoupling transmission line 34. The feed source 40 and the feed source 40' may be the same feed source.

The third transmission line 313' and the fourth transmission line 314' can be designed to have a shorter length. For example, the length of the third transmission line 313' and the fourth transmission line 314' can only be the same as the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34. Just connect, and no longer have redundant length. This can reduce the influence on the length design of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34.

The characteristic impedance of the fifth transmission line 315 ′ and the seventh transmission line 317 ′ may be designed as Z ₁ , and the characteristic impedance of the sixth transmission line 316 ′ and the eighth transmission line 318 ′ may be designed as Z ₂ . In addition, the lengths of the fifth transmission line 315', the sixth transmission line 316', the seventh transmission line 317', and the eighth transmission line 318' can all be set to (1/4)λ.

As shown in FIG. 3, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are both connected between the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31'. Specifically, the first end of the first decoupling transmission line 33 is connected to the first connection port of the first decoupling network 31, that is, to the second end of the third transmission line 313; the second end of the first decoupling transmission line 33 is connected to The first connection port of the second decoupling network 31' is connected to the second end of the third transmission line 313'. Similarly, the first end of the second decoupling transmission line 34 is connected to the second connection port of the first decoupling network 31, that is, to the second end of the fourth transmission line 314; the second end of the second decoupling transmission line 34 is connected to the The second connection port of the second decoupling network 31' is connected to the second end of the fourth transmission line 314'.

In FIGS. 3 to 5, the first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, the first transmission line 311', the second transmission line 312', the third transmission line 313', and the fourth transmission line 314 The characteristic impedance of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can be designed as Z ₀ . In addition, the length of the first decoupling transmission line 33 can be set to d ₃ , and the length of the second decoupling transmission line 34 can be set to d ₄ .

It is pointed out here that the terms "first", "second", and "third" in this application are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features . Thus, the features defined with “first”, “second”, and “third” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

The first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are used to transmit signals to cancel the mutual coupling between the two

antenna units

10 and 20. Wherein, the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna units

10 and 20 can be determined by the scattering parameters (ie, S parameters) of the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31', and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling network 31'. _{The lengths d 3} and d _{4 of the} decoupling transmission line 34 are defined. For example, if the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna units

10 and 20 is required to reach the preset coupling degree, the S parameter of the four-port network and the length d _{3 of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can be combined.} , d ₄ configured to cause the degree of coupling between the

antenna elements

10,20 D1 satisfies the preset degree of coupling. It is pointed out here that the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna elements

10 and 20 is inversely proportional to the isolation degree between the two

antenna elements

10 and 20; that is, the degree of isolation between the two

antenna elements

10 and 20 The higher the value, the lower the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna elements

10 and 20.

It is easy to understand that when the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' adopt the same structure, their S parameters are also the same. Therefore, when the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' are the same, the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna units

10 and 20 is the same as the S parameter of the first decoupling network 31 and the first decoupling network 31. _{The relationship between the lengths d 3} and d _{4 of the} transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can be obtained in the following manner.

The S parameter matrix S ₀ of the first decoupling network 31 is:

Among them, S ₁₂ , S ₁₃ , and S ₃₁ are three of the S parameters when the first decoupling network 31 is a four-port network. Specifically, these three S parameters are mutual coupling coefficients, which can also be called coupling coefficients.

At the reference plane Ⅲ (the reference plane Ⅲ can be selected by mathematical derivation), the first connection port and the second connection port of the first decoupling network 31 are respectively connected to the first decoupling transmission line _{of length d 3} and d ₄ 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34, so the S parameter matrix S of the first decoupling network 31 can be calculated by the S parameter in formula (1):

Among them, e is a natural constant, j is the sign of an imaginary number, k is the wave number, and S ₃₁ _{in formula (1) is equal to S 13} in formula (2).

The first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' form an eight-port network before they are connected, and the relational formula of the S parameter is:

In the formula (3), a1-a' ₄ is the amplitude of the incident voltage wave, and b1-b' ₄ is the amplitude of the reflected voltage wave.

in:

Write the matrix in equation (3) as a block matrix:

Among them, S ₁₁ , S ₂₂ , and S ₂₁ are three S parameters of the four-port network, S ₁₁ is the reflection coefficient, and S ₂₁ is the mutual coupling coefficient.

Written in the form of a system of equations:

From formula (6), formula (4) can be abbreviated as:

[a ₂ ]=[Γ]·[b ₂ ] (7)

Substituting formula (7) into formula (6), we know:

From the formula ② in formula (8), we can get:

[b ₂ ]={E-[S ₂₂ ][Γ]} ^-1 [S ₂₁ ][a ₁ ] (9)

In formula (9), E represents the identity matrix.

Substituting formula (9) into formula (8), formula ① can be obtained:

[b ₁ ]=[S ₁₁ ][a ₁ ]+[S ₁₂ ][Γ]{E-[S ₂₂ ][Γ]} ^-1 [S ₂₁ ][a ₁ ] (10)

It can be obtained from equation (10) that a new four-port network (1, _{The matrix S Four-port} of the S parameters of 2, 1', 2') is:

S _Four-port =[S ₁₁ ]+[S ₁₂ ][Γ]{E-[S ₂₂ ][Γ]} ^-1 [S ₂₁ ] (11)

It is pointed out here that the four ports of the new four-port network here refer to the four external ports (a ₁ , b ₁ ), (a ₂ ,b ₂ ), (a' ₁ ,b' ₁ ) and (a' ₂ ,b' ₂ ).

Substituting the block matrix planned by equation (3) and equation (5) into equation (11), the new S parameter matrix S _Four-port of the new four-port network can be obtained as:

Through numerical calculation, the S-parameter matrix S _Four-port of the new four-port network can be obtained as:

Adjust the port sequence of the new four-port network to 1→1'→2→2', then the formula (13) becomes:

Rewrite formula (14) into the form of a block matrix:

_{Suppose the S parameter matrix S array} of the binary antenna formed by the two antenna elements 10 and 20 is:

In the formula (16), S _'12 is the initial isolation of the amplitude, i.e., two

adjacent antenna elements

10 and 20 are not connected between the decoupled intensity during the isolation network; S' _11, S _'21, and S _'22 port input reflection coefficient (a _{_1,} b ₁₎ is not connected between the

decoupling networks

10 and 20 of two adjacent antenna elements, respectively, and output isolation port (a _{_2,} b ₂₎ of the reflector coefficient.

After the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' are connected together by the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34, the new four-port network formed is connected to the two antenna units 10 and After 20 connections, a two-port network is formed. The S parameter matrix [S] of the two-port network is:

[S]=[S ₁₁ ]+[S ₁₂ ][S _array ]{E-[S ₂₂ ][S _array ]} ^-1 [S ₂₁ ] (17)

It is pointed out here that the two ports of the two-port network here means that after the new four-port network is connected to the

antenna units

10 and 20, there are only two remaining ports (a ₁ , b ₁ ) and ( _{_{a '1, b' 1)}} .

Substituting the block matrix defined by equation (14) and equation (15) into equation (17), we can get:

It can be seen from equation (18) that by designing the lengths d ₃ and d _{4 of the} first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 and the S parameter of the four-port network, the coupling degree D1 between the antenna units can be accurately defined. That is, when the required degree of coupling is preset, the above formula can be expressed as:

_{Therefore, the lengths d 3} and d _{4 of the} first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 and the S parameter of the four-port network can be configured so that the coupling degree D1 between the

antenna units

10 and 20 meets the preset coupling degree .

For example, when the decoupling network is required to completely cancel the mutual coupling between the two antenna units 10 and 20, and the default coupling degree is set to 0, then:

Further, S-parameters, in a case where the preset order of the degree of coupling is 0, may be S _'12 four-port network represented by:

_{Let the coupling coefficient S 13 of the} four-port network (for example, the aforementioned coupler) = D, then

Substituting the above formula to get:

Let k(d ₃ +d ₄ )=2π,

Among them, φs ₁₂ represents the phase of the parameter S ₁₂ of the four-port network, and φs ₁₃ represents the phase _{of the parameter S 13 of the four-port network.}

Furthermore, the coupling degree D of the coupler can be calculated as follows:

_{In addition, the lengths d 3} and d _{4 of the} first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are respectively:

Wherein, φ ₂₁ is decoupled phase before isolation, pi is the value corresponding to [pi], for example, 3.14, S _'12 decoupling amplitude before isolation.

This indicates that D can be calculated desired degree of coupling of the directional coupler according to S _'12; also possible to calculate the length of the transmission line 33 is coupled to a first and second decoupling the transmission line 34 and d ₃ of d ₄ according to φ _21. Wherein said first decoupling length d of the transmission line 33 and the length 34 of the second decoupling ₃ transmission _{lines. 4} d and an integer multiple of the wavelength.

In addition, when the preset coupling degree is 0, the required directional coupler can also meet the following structural parameters:

_{Among them, the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the} first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 is usually preset, for example, set Into 50Ω; h can be the impedance conversion factor. Therefore, according to the coupling degree D of the directional coupler calculated by equation (22), and then according to equations (24) and (25), the characteristic impedance of each branch of the directional coupler as shown in Figure 4 can be determined, and It is: a fifth transmission line 315 characteristic of the transmission line 317 and the seventh impedance Z _1, a transmission line 316 and the characteristics of the sixth and eighth transmission line 318 impedance Z _2. Furthermore, the line width of the transmission line corresponding to the characteristic impedance can be calculated in order to fabricate a directional coupler. Based on this method, the isolation of the multi-antenna system can be improved.

In some embodiments, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line can meet the requirements by configuring the line width of the transmission line. _{For example, after obtaining the characteristic impedance Z 0 of the} first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, the first decoupling transmission line 33, and the second decoupling transmission line 34 according to the above relationship, these The line width of the transmission line is configured such that its characteristic impedance satisfies the aforementioned characteristic impedance Z ₀ . For example, determine the required thickness of the first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34, and the relative dielectric of the PCB board. After factors such as the constant and the thickness of the dielectric layer, according to the relationship between the characteristic impedance and the line width and the required characteristic impedance Z ₀ , the line width of these transmission lines can be calculated. Therefore, according to the calculation result, the line widths of the first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, the first decoupling transmission line 33, and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are configured to obtain the above-mentioned characteristics. Multiple transmission lines with impedance Z _0.

Similarly, the line widths of the fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 can be configured to satisfy the aforementioned required characteristic impedance Z ₁ . The line width of the sixth transmission line 316 and the eighth transmission line 318 can be calculated according to the relationship between the characteristic impedance and the line width and the required characteristic impedance Z ₂ . Thus, based on the calculation result and the seventh configuration 315 and the sixth transmission line 317 and transmission line width eighth transmission line 318 according to a fifth transmission line 316, so as to obtain the above-mentioned plurality of transmission lines having a characteristic impedance of Z ₁ and Z _2.

It is understandable that the aforementioned four-port network may also be other forms of directional couplers, such as coupled line directional couplers, miniaturized directional couplers, and broadband directional couplers.

In some embodiments, the electronic device of the present application may be a mobile phone 100a as shown in FIG. Wherein, an accommodating space is formed between the housing 41 and the display screen assembly 50. Other electronic components of the mobile phone, such as the main board, battery, and antenna device 60, are all arranged in the accommodating space.

Specifically, the housing 41 may be made of plastic, glass, ceramic, fiber composite material, metal (for example, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.), or other suitable materials. The housing 41 shown in FIG. 6 is substantially rectangular with rounded corners. Of course, the housing 41 can also have other shapes, such as a circular shape, an oblong shape, an oval shape, and so on.

The display assembly 50 includes a display cover 51 and a display module 52. The display module 52 is attached to the inner surface of the display cover 51. The housing 41 is connected to the display cover 51 of the display assembly 50. Among them, the display cover 51 may be made of glass; the display module 52 may be an OLED flexible display structure, which may specifically include a substrate, a display panel (Panel), and auxiliary material layers, etc., in addition, the display module 52 and the display cover Structures such as a polarizing film can also be sandwiched between 51, and the detailed laminated structure of the display module 52 is not limited here.

The antenna device 60 may be completely contained in the housing 41, or may be embedded in the housing 41, and a part of the antenna device 60 may be exposed on the outer surface of the housing 41.

The antenna device 60 may include a plurality of antenna elements. For example, the antenna module 60 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 10 is a four-element linear array, that is, has four

antenna elements

10a, 20a, and 10b arranged in a straight line. And 20b. Specifically, with reference to FIG. 15, the antenna device 60 includes a first substrate 61, a second substrate 62, a third substrate 63, and a radio frequency chip 64 that are sequentially stacked in layers, and a plurality of antenna units formed on the first substrate 61 ( 15 only shows two

antenna elements

10a, 20a), a plurality of metal layers 661-668 (among them, the metal layer 665 is the ground layer 665) formed on the first substrate 61 and the third substrate 63, and pass through the first substrate 61 and the third substrate 63. The feeder lines in the three substrates 63 and the second substrate 62, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' provided on the third substrate 63, and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling network connected between them Decoupling transmission line 34. Wherein, the feeder has a one-to-one correspondence with the

antenna units

10a, 20a, and is used to connect the

corresponding antenna units

10a, 20a with the radio frequency chip 64, respectively. The first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them are used to connect the feeders corresponding to the

adjacent antenna units

10a, 20a Together, they are used to cancel the coupling between the

antenna elements

10a and 20a. The first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 may both be in the same plane layer, for example, arranged in the third substrate 63; in addition, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 may be The arrangement is bent to meet the length design. It can be grounded properly, and the antenna device 60 may also include other signal transmission lines.

The

antenna units

10a, 20a are used to send and receive radio frequency signals. As shown in FIG. 15, the two

antenna units

10a and 20a are spaced apart from each other. The

antenna units

10a, 20a are double-layer patch antennas, including

surface radiating plates

11a, 21a and

inner radiating plates

12a, 22a that are isolated from each other and correspond to each other one-to-one.

The first substrate 61 includes a first outer surface 611 and a first inner surface 612 that are oppositely disposed. The surface

layer radiating sheets

11 a and 21 a are arranged on the first outer surface 611, and the inner

layer radiating sheets

12 a and 22 a are arranged on the first inner surface 612. The

inner radiating fins

12a, 22a and the

surface radiating fins

11a, 21a are isolated by the first substrate 61, so that the

surface radiating fins

11a, 21a and the

inner radiating fins

12a, 22a are separated by a certain distance, so as to meet the performance of the antenna frequency band Require. The vertical projections of the

surface radiating sheets

11a, 21a and the

inner radiating sheets

12a, 22a on the first substrate 61 at least partially overlap.

The first substrate 61 may be made of thermosetting resin such as epoxy resin, thermoplastic resin such as polyimide resin, reinforcing material including glass fiber (or glass cloth, or glass fabric) and/or inorganic filler, and thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin. Resin insulating materials (for example, prepreg, ABF (Ajinomoto Build-up Film), photosensitive dielectric (PID), etc.) are made. However, the material of the first substrate 61 is not limited to this. That is, a glass plate or a ceramic plate can also be used as the material of the first substrate 61. Optionally, liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with low dielectric loss can also be used as the material of the first substrate 61 to reduce signal loss.

In some embodiments, the first substrate 61 may be a prepreg. As shown in FIG. 15, the first substrate 61 includes three stacked prepregs. Among the three-layer prepregs of the first substrate 61,

metal layers

662 and 663 are respectively provided between adjacent prepregs. The first outer surface of the first substrate 61 is further provided with a metal layer 661, and the metal layer 661 is located on the same layer as the

surface radiation sheets

11a, 21a and insulated from each other. The first inner surface 612 of the first substrate 61 is provided with a metal layer 664, and the metal layer 664 is located on the same layer as the

inner radiating sheets

12a, 22a and insulated from each other. The metal layers 661, 662, 663, and 664 may be made of conductive materials such as metallic copper, aluminum, silver, tin, gold, nickel, lead, titanium, or their alloys. In this embodiment, the metal layers 661, 662, 663, and 664 are all copper layers.

The arrangement of the metal layer 661 reduces the difference between the copper spreading rate of the first outer surface 611 of the first substrate 61 and the copper spreading rate of other prepreg surfaces of the first substrate 61. During the manufacturing process of the first substrate 61, the copper spreading rate The reduction of the difference can reduce the generation of bubbles, thereby improving the manufacturing yield of the first substrate 61. In the same way, the arrangement of the metal layer 664 also reduces the difference between the copper spreading rate of the first inner surface 612 of the first substrate 61 and the copper spreading rate of other prepreg surfaces of the first substrate 61, so as to reduce the manufacturing process of the first substrate 61. The air bubbles are generated, thereby improving the manufacturing yield of the first substrate 61.

The first substrate 61 is also provided with grounding vias 613 penetrating through the first inner surface 612 and the first outer surface 611 to connect

different metal layers

661, 662, 663 and 664 to each other and further to the ground layer 665. Specifically, the conductive material may be completely filled in the ground via 613, or the conductive material may be formed along the wall of the ground via 613 to form a conductive layer. Among them, the conductive material may be copper, aluminum, silver, tin, gold, nickel, lead, titanium, or their alloys. The ground via 613 may have a cylindrical shape, an hourglass shape, a cone shape, or the like.

The second substrate 62 includes a first side surface 621 and a second side surface 622, wherein the first side surface 621 is stacked on the first inner surface 612 of the first substrate 61. The second substrate 62 may be the core layer of a PCB board, and is made of materials such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate. The second substrate 62 is provided with a ground via 623 and a feeder via 624 penetrating through the first side surface 621 and the second side surface 622.

The ground layer 665 is sandwiched between the second substrate 62 and the third substrate 63. The ground layer 665 is provided with a feeder via 665a.

The third substrate 63 includes a second outer surface 631 and a second inner surface 632 opposite to each other. The second inner surface 632 of the third substrate 63 is stacked on the second side surface 622 of the second substrate 62, and the ground layer 665 is sandwiched between the second side surface 622 and the second inner surface 632.

The formation material of the third substrate 63 may be the same as the material of the first substrate 61. In some embodiments, the third substrate 63 may be a prepreg. As shown in FIG. 15, the third substrate 63 includes a three-layer prepreg. Among the three-layer prepregs of the third substrate 63,

metal layers

666 and 667 are provided between adjacent prepregs, which serve as feeder network and control line wiring layers, respectively. A metal layer 668 is provided on the second outer surface 631 of the third substrate 63, and the metal layer 668 and the radio frequency chip 64 are welded together. Among them, the metal layers 666, 667, and 668 may be made of conductive materials such as metallic copper, aluminum, silver, tin, gold, nickel, lead, titanium, or their alloys. In this embodiment, the metal layers 666, 667, and 668 are all copper layers.

The third substrate 63 is provided with wiring vias. The wiring via includes a ground via 633 to connect the

different metal layers

666, 667, and 668 to each other and further to the ground layer 665. The wiring vias also include a feeder via 634 for the feeder to pass through, and a signal via 635 for the control line to pass through. Similar to the ground via 613 on the first substrate 61, the wiring via on the third substrate 63 can be completely filled with conductive material, or a conductive layer can be formed on the wall of the hole. The shape of the various wiring vias can be cylindrical, hourglass, or cone-shaped.

One end of a feeder line is connected to the radio frequency chip 64, and the other end is inserted into the feeder line via 634 of the third substrate 63 to be connected to the first decoupling network 31. One end of the other feeder is connected to the first decoupling network 31, and the other end penetrates the feeder via 665a of the ground layer 665 and the feeder via 624 of the second substrate 62 to connect to the

inner radiating plates

12a, 22a to connect to the antenna unit Signals are transmitted between 10a, 20a and the radio frequency chip 64. Specifically, the feeder line includes a first feeder line 31a and a second feeder line 32a connected by a decoupling network. Among them, the first feed line 31a is connected to the radio frequency chip 64, and the second feed line 32a is connected to the

inner radiating sheets

12a, 22a. The feeder is insulated from each metal layer, such as the metal layers 666, 667, 668 and the ground layer in this embodiment. It is pointed out here that the first feeder line 31a in FIG. 15 may be connected to the first transmission line 311 in FIG. 3, and the second feeder line 32a may be connected to the second transmission line 312 in FIG. 3. .

In addition, other signal transmission lines are provided on the third substrate 63, such as a control line 68 and a power line 69. As shown in FIG. 15, the power cord 69 is disposed on the second outer surface 631 of the third substrate 63 and soldered on the radio frequency chip 64. The control line 68 is arranged between the prepreg of the third substrate 63 close to the radio frequency chip 64 and the adjacent prepreg, and passes through the signal via 635 on the prepreg layer to connect to the radio frequency chip 64.

In addition, the third substrate 63 is also used to carry the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them. As shown in FIG. 15, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them are connected to the

adjacent antennas

10a, 20a. Between the corresponding feeders. The first decoupling network 31 is connected to the connection of the first feeder 31a and the second feeder 32a corresponding to one antenna unit 10a; specifically, the first transmission line 311 (see FIG. 3) of the first decoupling network 31 and the first feeder 31a is connected, and the second transmission line 312 of the first decoupling network 31 is connected to the second feeder 32a. Similarly, the second decoupling network 31' is connected to the junction of the first feeder line 31a and the second feeder line 32a corresponding to the adjacent antenna unit 20a; that is, the first transmission line 311' of the second decoupling network 31' (See FIG. 5) It is connected to the first feeder 31a corresponding to the antenna unit 20a, and the second transmission line 312' of the second decoupling network 31' is connected to the second feeder 32a corresponding to the antenna unit 20a.

Since the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' are arranged between two adjacent antenna units of the antenna device, and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are in the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' are connected, so after the signal sent from the radio frequency chip 64 passes through the first feeder 31a, a part of it is transmitted to the inner radiating sheet of the antenna unit through the first decoupling network 31 and the second feeder 32a 12a, the other part is transmitted to the second decoupling network 31' through the first decoupling network 31 and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 to reach the adjacent antenna unit 20a, thereby canceling the two to a certain extent. The coupling between the

antenna elements

10a, 20a.

The degree of coupling between the two antenna units 10a, 20a can be determined by the S parameters of the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the lengths of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 definition. _{Specifically, as in the above-mentioned embodiment of the array antenna, the lengths d 3} and d ₄ of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 of the antenna device 60 of this embodiment, the S parameters of the first decoupling network 31, And the preset coupling degree satisfies the following relationship:

_{In some embodiments, the lengths d 3} and d _{4 of the} first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 and the S parameter of the first decoupling network 31 can be configured to make the distance between the two

antenna units

10a, 20a The coupling degree D1 is set to zero.

Further, in some embodiments, when the coupling degree D1 between the two

antenna elements

10a and 20a is set to zero, the initial isolation degree S12' between the two

antenna elements

10a and 20a is calculated. For the coupling degree D of the directional coupler, refer to the aforementioned formula (22) for details.

As shown in FIG. 10, which is a partial schematic diagram of the antenna device of FIG. 9, mainly showing the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling network connected between them. Arrangement of decoupling transmission line 34. In this embodiment, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 have different bending arrangements, wherein the length d _{3 of the} first decoupling transmission line 33 includes multiple bending sections, that is, d ₃ =L1 *2+L2*2+L3. _{The length d 4 of the} second decoupling transmission line 34 includes a plurality of bent sections, that is, d ₄ =L4*2+L5*2+L6.

Further, _{the result of adding d 3} and d ₄ can be approximately equal to twice the wavelength, that is, 2*λ=2*6.45mm=12.9mm.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 and FIGS. 4 and 5, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located on the same side of the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310', that is, located on the third transmission line 313 and the second transmission line 313. The third transmission line 313 ′ is away from the side of the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310 ′; in other words, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located on the side of the sixth transmission line 316 away from the eighth transmission line 318. The second decoupling transmission line 34 may be located between the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310', that is, between the seventh transmission line 317 and the seventh transmission line 317'.

In other embodiments, the positions of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can be exchanged. For example, the second decoupling transmission line 34 may be located on the same side of the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310', that is, located on the fourth transmission line 314 and the fourth transmission line 314' away from the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body. 310 ′; in other words, the second decoupling transmission line 34 may be located on the side of the eighth transmission line 318 away from the sixth transmission line 316. The first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located between the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310', that is, between the seventh transmission line 317 and the seventh transmission line 317'.

Since the second decoupling network 31' can be the same as the first decoupling network 31, the arrangement of the transmission line of the second decoupling network 31' can be the same as the bending arrangement of the transmission line in the first decoupling network 31.

_{In some embodiments, the lengths d 3} and d ₄ of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can also be calculated according to the phase φ _{21 of the} isolation before decoupling. For details, refer to the aforementioned formula (23).

In some embodiments, according to the calculated coupling degree D of the directional coupler, the characteristic impedance of each branch of the directional coupler can be determined, namely: the first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, and the fourth transmission line 311. transmission line 314, characteristics of the first decoupling the transmission line 33 and the second decoupling the transmission line 34 of impedance Z _0, characteristic fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 impedance Z _1, and the sixth transmission line 316 and an eighth transmission line characteristic impedance 318 For Z ₂ , refer to the aforementioned formulas (24) and (25) for details. Furthermore, the line width of the transmission line corresponding to the characteristic impedance can be calculated in order to fabricate a directional coupler.

As described in the foregoing antenna array embodiment, the characteristic impedance of the transmission line can be configured to meet the requirements by configuring the line width of the transmission line. For example, a first transmission line 311, second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, a fourth transmission line 314, transmission line 33 is coupled to the first and the second decoupling the transmission line 34 is configured so that the line width of the impedance characteristic satisfies the characteristic impedance Z ₀ . The line widths of the fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 are configured such that their characteristic impedance satisfies the aforementioned characteristic impedance Z ₁ . The line widths of the sixth transmission line 316 and the eighth transmission line 318 are configured such that their characteristic impedance satisfies the aforementioned characteristic impedance Z ₂ .

Therefore, the length of the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line connected between them can be formed on the layer where the metal layer 666 is located. 34. It is understandable that when the linear distance between the feed lines corresponding to the

adjacent antenna units

10a, 20a is small, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 can form a bent pattern to meet the length requirement ( As shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10). In some other embodiments, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may also be in a curved pattern, as long as the length requirement is met.

The first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them are located at the

surface radiating plates

11a, 21a and the

inner radiating plates

12a, 22a. Different layers. As shown in FIG. 15, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them are arranged under the

antenna units

10a, 20a, For example, in the third substrate 63. The first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' shown in FIG. 15 and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them are located on the same layer as the metal layer 666, that is, set Between the prepreg closest to the ground layer 665 on the third substrate 63 and the adjacent prepreg. Understandably, in some other embodiments, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them may also be connected to the metal layer. 667 or 668 on the same floor.

The above describes the two

antenna units

10a and 20a, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31', and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34. However, it is easy to understand that, as shown in FIG. 9, the

antenna units

20a and 10b and the

antenna units

10b and 20b can also be provided with the decoupling structure of the present application in the same way. For example, a third decoupling network 35 and a fourth decoupling network 35' and a third decoupling network connected between the third decoupling network 35 and the fourth decoupling network 35' can be provided for the

antenna units

20a and 10b. The transmission line 33' and the fourth decoupling transmission line 34'; the third decoupling network 35 can be the same as or similar to the above-mentioned first decoupling network 31, and the fourth decoupling network 35' can be the above-mentioned second decoupling network The network 31' is the same or similar; the third decoupling transmission line 33' can be the same as or similar to the aforementioned first decoupling transmission line 33, and the fourth decoupling transmission line 34' can be the same or similar to the aforementioned second decoupling transmission line 34. similar. In addition, the second decoupling network 31' and the third decoupling network 35 can share part of the transmission line, for example, the first transmission line 311', the second transmission line 312', and the fifth transmission line of the second decoupling network 31'. 315' (see Figure 5).

When more than three antenna units as shown in FIG. 9 are used, these decoupling networks and decoupling transmission lines can also be distributed in different layers. For example, the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' and the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 connected between them can be distributed on the layer where the metal layer 666 shown in FIG. 15 is located. And the third decoupling network 35 and the fourth decoupling network 35' and the third decoupling transmission line 33' and the fourth decoupling transmission line 34' connected between the third decoupling network 35 and the fourth decoupling network 35' It can be distributed in the layer where the metal layer 667 shown in FIG. 15 is located.

Refer to FIG. 11, which is a bottom view of the antenna device 60 according to the second embodiment of the present application. The antenna device 60 in this embodiment is basically the same as the antenna device 60 in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, except that the decoupling network in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment includes an open branch 319. For example, at least one of the first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31' includes an open branch 319. It is pointed out here that the "open stub 319" described in this article and the aforementioned "stubs of the directional coupler" (for example, the first transmission line 311, the second transmission line 312, the third transmission line 313, the fourth transmission line 314, and the fifth transmission line 315, the sixth transmission line 316, the seventh transmission line 317, the eighth transmission line 318, the first decoupling transmission line 33, and the second decoupling transmission line 34). In actual applications, the terminals are not connected to other transmission lines, so that current/signal is not transmitted; and the two ends of each branch of the directional coupler will be connected to other transmission lines in actual applications for current/signal transmission .

As shown in FIG. 12, in an embodiment, two open circuits are connected to at least one of the fifth transmission line 315, the sixth transmission line 316, the seventh transmission line 317, and the eighth transmission line 318 of the first decoupling network 31 Branch 319. For example, two open branches 319 can be connected on the sixth transmission line 316. Further, two open-circuit branches 319 can also be connected to the eighth transmission line 318 opposite to the sixth transmission line 316.

In an embodiment, two open branches 319 are connected to the fifth transmission line 315 of the first decoupling network 31. Furthermore, two open branches 319 can be connected to the seventh transmission line 317 opposite to the fifth transmission line 315.

As shown in FIG. 13, it is a schematic diagram of the linear transmission line equivalent to a π-type transmission line. In this equivalent method, having a characteristic impedance Z ₀ of the transmission line and the linear phase shift of 70 [theta] ₀ is equivalent to having a characteristic impedance Z _a and θ _a phase shift and two transmission lines 71 having a characteristic impedance Z _B and a phase shift The transmission line 72 of θ _b , the two transmission lines 72 are connected on both sides of the transmission line 71. The characteristic impedance Z ₀ is usually preset, such as 50Ω; the phase shifts θ ₀ , θ _a , and θ _b can also be preset.

Among them, the transmission matrix of the linear transmission line 70 can be expressed as:

After the above-mentioned equivalence, the equivalent matrix of the transmission matrix of the linear transmission line 70 can be expressed as:

Further, after establishing the parameter relationship through the above transmission matrix and the equivalent matrix, the following results can be obtained:

Thus, from equations (28) and (29), if the characteristic impedance Z ₀ and phase shifts θ _a , θ _{b of the} linear transmission line 70 are given, the characteristics of the transmission line 71 and the transmission line 72 in the π-type transmission line can be obtained Impedance Z _a , Z _b . Furthermore, the line width of the transmission line corresponding to the characteristic impedance can be calculated, so as to fabricate the first decoupling network 31.

Through this equivalent method, the length of the transmission line 71 in the π-type transmission line can be smaller than the length of the linear transmission line 70, thereby reducing the design size. Specific reference to FIG. 12, in this embodiment, a first transmission line 33 and the decoupling second decoupling the transmission line 34 is bent as a different arrangement, wherein the length of the first transmission line 33 is coupled to d ₃ of the segments comprises a plurality of bent, That is, d ₃ =L1*2+L2*2+L3+L4*2. _{The length d 4 of the} second decoupling transmission line 34 includes a plurality of bent sections, that is, d ₄ =L5*2+L6*2+L7.

In addition, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12 and Figs. 4 and 5, the positions of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment can be similar to those shown in Figs. 10 shows the antenna device 60 of the embodiment.

Specifically, in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located on the same side of the directional coupler body 310 and the directional coupler body 310', that is, on the third transmission line 313 and the third transmission line. 313 ′ is away from the side of the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310 ′; in other words, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located on the side of the sixth transmission line 316 away from the eighth transmission line 318. The second decoupling transmission line 34 may be located between the directional coupler main body 310 and the directional coupler main body 310', that is, between the seventh transmission line 317 and the seventh transmission line 317'. Alternatively, the positions of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 may be set interchangeably.

Since the second decoupling network 31' in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment can be the same as the first decoupling network 31, the arrangement of the transmission line of the second decoupling network 31' can be the same as the transmission line in the first decoupling network 31 The bending arrangement is the same.

Compared with the antenna device 60 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 10, in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. The lengths of the fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 and the sixth transmission line 316 and the eighth transmission line 318 of the first decoupling network 31 in the device 60 can be reduced, thereby making the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment The area of the square enclosed by the fifth transmission line 315 and the seventh transmission line 317 and the sixth transmission line 316 and the eighth transmission line 318 of the first decoupling network 31 can also be reduced, which can reduce the size of the entire decoupling structure, thereby Suitable for miniaturization of antenna devices.

As shown in FIG. 12 again, in an embodiment, the fifth transmission line 315, the sixth transmission line 316, the seventh transmission line 317, and the eighth transmission line 318 of the first four-port network 31 are connected in a square shape. Each corner of the square is connected to an open branch 319.

In an embodiment, the open branch 319 may include a connecting wire 3191 and a square block 3192 connected to the end of the connecting wire 3191. In other embodiments, the shape, position, and size of the open branch 319 can be different, and can be specifically set according to the characteristics of the network actually used.

In an embodiment, the open branch 319 may be located inside the first four-port network 31. Or, according to the actual situation of the space, the open branch 319 may also be located outside the first four-port network 31. In addition, when the first four-port network 31 has a plurality of open branches 319, a part of the open branches 319 may be located outside the first four-port network 31, and another part of the open branches 319 may be located at the first four-port Inside the network 31.

In an embodiment, other decoupling networks in the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment may have the same structure as the first four-port network 31. In other words, the above-mentioned open branch 319 may also be provided in other decoupling networks of the antenna device 60 of the second embodiment.

Refer to FIG. 14, which is a bottom view of the antenna device 60 according to the third embodiment of the present application. The antenna device 60 in this embodiment is basically the same as the antenna device 60 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. ; Moreover, the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 are respectively located on two opposite sides of the directional coupler body 310 and the directional coupler body 310' (see FIGS. 4 and 5), that is, the first decoupling transmission line 33 may be located on the side of the sixth transmission line 316 away from the eighth transmission line 318, and the second decoupling transmission line 34 may be located on the side of the eighth transmission line 318 away from the sixth transmission line 316.

In addition, in the antenna device 60 of the third embodiment, a decoupling network may not be provided between the

antenna units

20a and 10b. Instead, a third decoupling network 35 and a fourth decoupling network 35' and a third decoupling transmission line connected between the third decoupling network 35 and the fourth decoupling network 35' are provided between the

antenna units

20b and 10b 33a and the fourth decoupling transmission line 34a; the third decoupling network 35 may be the same as or similar to the above-mentioned first decoupling network 31, and the fourth decoupling network 35' may be the same as the above-mentioned second decoupling network 31' The same or similar; the third decoupling transmission line 33a can be the same as or similar to the aforementioned first decoupling transmission line 33, and the fourth decoupling transmission line 34a can be the same or similar to the aforementioned second decoupling transmission line 34.

It is pointed out here that the miniaturized decoupling structures shown in FIGS. 11, 12 and 14 can also be applied to the antenna device 60 shown in FIG. 15.

Refer to FIG. 16, which is a schematic diagram of the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment of the present application. In the antenna device 60 of this embodiment, for example, the top portion of the middle frame 42 of the mobile phone can be divided into two sections by the slot 44, and the two sections can be used as the first antenna 10a and the second antenna 20a, respectively. The middle frame 42 can be provided with a circuit board 43. The first decoupling network 31 and the second decoupling network 31', as well as the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 (see FIG. 3) described above in this application can be It is arranged on the circuit board 43. The feed source 40 and the feed source 40' can be connected to the circuit board 43, which in turn is connected to the first antenna 10a and the second antenna 20a. The slit 44 can usually be arranged non-centrally, for example, arranged close to the left side or the right side of the middle frame 42.

In this embodiment, the decoupling design of the four-element linear array shown in FIG. 7 to FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 is taken as an example, and the center operating frequency of the four-element linear array is 28 GHz. It is pointed out here that according to the 3GPP TS 38.101 protocol, the frequency between 24.25 GHz and 52.6 GHz is usually called millimeter wave (mm Wave); therefore, the decoupling structure proposed in this application can be a millimeter wave array antenna Decoupling structure. Figure 17 shows the comparison curve of the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit before and after connecting the decoupling network. It can be seen from Figure 17 that affected by the coupling effect, the resonant frequency of the unit in the decoupling front array shifted from 28 GHz to 29.5 GHz, and the shift amount reached 1.5 GHz. The resonance frequency of the unit is 27.8 GHz, which is consistent with the isolated unit, which significantly improves the matching characteristics of the antenna.

Figure 18 shows the comparison curve of the coupling coefficient of the antenna unit before and after connecting the decoupling network. It can be seen from the figure that at the center operating frequency of 28GHz: Affected by the coupling effect, the coupling coefficient between the units before decoupling is -13.5dB; after decoupling, the coupling coefficient of the antenna is reduced by 13dB compared with that before decoupling, which significantly suppresses the inter-units The coupling effect.

Figures 19 to 21 show the comparison curves of the radiation pattern of the antenna device when the beam is scanned to 0°, 45° and 50° before and after the decoupling network is connected. It can be seen from the figure that, affected by the coupling effect, the gains of the four-element array pointing to the above directions before decoupling are 11.43, 8.56, and 7.33dB respectively; after decoupling, the gain of the four-element array pointing to 0° is basically the same as that before decoupling. When scanning to 45° and 50°, the gain is increased by 1.82 and 2.4dB respectively, which significantly improves the radiation capability of the array antenna. In addition, after adopting the decoupling network in this application, the scanning range can be increased, and the scanning angle can be extended to 55 degrees.

In summary, the antenna device of the present application introduces the concept of a decoupling network under the antenna unit, and there is no need to change the structure of the array antenna unit, and only the length d _{3 of the first decoupling transmission line 33 and the second decoupling transmission line 34 is required.} By configuring with d ₄ and the S parameters of the four-port network, the coupling degree D1 between the

antenna units

10 and 20 can be adjusted, that is, the mutual coupling between the antenna units can be reduced, the scanning angle can be expanded, and the scanning gain can be improved. In addition, the coupling degree D of the directional coupler can be calculated according to the magnitude of the isolation before decoupling, and then the characteristic impedance of each branch of the directional coupler can be determined according to the formula, and then the line width of the transmission line corresponding to the characteristic impedance can be calculated. Produced a directional coupler. Based on this method, the isolation of the multi-antenna system can be improved. Moreover, by loading open branches in the decoupling network, the size of the entire decoupling structure can be reduced, which is suitable for miniaturization of the antenna device.

The above are only examples of this application, and do not limit the scope of this application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the content of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies In the same way, all fields are included in the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

An antenna device, characterized in that it comprises:

Multiple antenna units;

A plurality of decoupling networks correspond to the plurality of antenna units one-to-one, wherein each decoupling network has an input port, an output port, a first connection port, and a second connection port; the output port and the corresponding antenna A feeder is connected between the units, and the input port is used to connect with a radio frequency chip;

A first decoupling transmission line connected between the first connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks; and

A second decoupling transmission line, the second decoupling transmission line is connected between the second connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks;

Wherein, at least one of the adjacent decoupling networks includes open branches.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The decoupling network includes a fifth transmission line, a sixth transmission line, a seventh transmission line, and an eighth transmission line that are sequentially connected end to end; at least one of the fifth transmission line, the sixth transmission line, the seventh transmission line, and the eighth transmission line is connected There are two open branches.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The decoupling network includes a fifth transmission line, a sixth transmission line, a seventh transmission line, and an eighth transmission line that are sequentially connected end to end to form a polygon; There are two open branches connected to each of the two.
The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein:

The fifth transmission line, the sixth transmission line, the seventh transmission line and the eighth transmission line are connected to form a square; each corner of the square is connected to one of the open branches.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The open branch includes a connecting line and a square block connected at the end of the connecting line; or

The open branches are linear with uniform width.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The open branch is located inside the decoupling network.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The first decoupling transmission line is located on the same side of the adjacent decoupling network; and/or

The second decoupling transmission line is located between the adjacent decoupling networks.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The first decoupling transmission line is located on a first side of the adjacent decoupling network, and the second decoupling transmission line is located on a second side of the adjacent decoupling network away from the first side.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The antenna device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate that are sequentially stacked;

The antenna unit is formed on the first substrate;

A plurality of the feeder lines are located in the third substrate and the second substrate;

The output port of each of the decoupling networks is connected to each of the feeders; and

The decoupling network, the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line are arranged on the third substrate.
The antenna device according to claim 9, characterized in that:

The third substrate has a multilayer structure, and the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line are arranged on a layer of the third substrate.
The antenna device according to claim 10, wherein:

At least one of the first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line forms a bent or curved pattern.
The antenna device according to claim 9, characterized in that:

Each antenna unit includes a surface radiating sheet and an inner radiating sheet that are isolated from each other and arranged correspondingly. The surface radiating sheet is arranged on the surface of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and the inner radiating sheet is arranged on the surface of the first substrate away from the second substrate. The first substrate is close to the surface of the second substrate.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The multiple decoupling networks have the same structure.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein:

The multiple decoupling networks have the same scattering parameter.
The antenna device according to claim 14, wherein:

The coupling degree of the decoupling network is determined according to the strength of isolation between adjacent antenna units when the decoupling network is not connected.
The antenna device according to claim 15, wherein:

The first length of the first decoupling transmission line and the second length of the second decoupling transmission line are determined according to the phase of isolation when the decoupling network is not connected between the adjacent antenna units.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that:

The plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and a third antenna element, and the first antenna element, the second antenna element, and the third antenna element are arranged in a linear array;

The multiple decoupling networks include a first decoupling network, a second decoupling network, a third decoupling network, and a fourth decoupling network;

Wherein, the first decoupling transmission line is connected between the adjacent first decoupling network and the first connection port of the second decoupling network; the second decoupling transmission line is connected to the first Between the decoupling network and the second connection port of the second decoupling network;

The input port of the first decoupling network is used to connect to the radio frequency chip, and the output port of the first decoupling network is connected to the first antenna unit;

The input port of the second decoupling network is used to connect to the radio frequency chip, and the output port of the second decoupling network is connected to the second antenna unit;

The input port of the third decoupling network is used to connect to the radio frequency chip, and the output port of the third decoupling network is connected to the second antenna unit;

The input port of the fourth decoupling network is used to connect to the radio frequency chip, and the output port of the fourth decoupling network is connected to the third antenna unit;

The third decoupling transmission line connects the first connection port of the third decoupling network and the first connection port of the fourth decoupling network; and

The fourth decoupling transmission line connects the second connection port of the third decoupling network and the second connection port of the fourth decoupling network.
The antenna device according to claim 17, wherein:

The second decoupling network and the third decoupling network share part of the transmission line.
An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises:

case;

The display screen assembly is connected to the housing and forms an accommodation space with the housing;

The radio frequency chip is arranged in the accommodating space; and

The antenna device is at least partially arranged in the accommodating space, and the antenna device includes:

Multiple antenna units arranged at intervals;

A plurality of decoupling networks correspond to the plurality of antenna units one-to-one, wherein each decoupling network has an input port, an output port, a first connection port, and a second connection port; the output port and the corresponding antenna A first feeder is connected between the units, and a second feeder is connected between the input port and the radio frequency chip;

A first decoupling transmission line connected between the first connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks; and

A second decoupling transmission line, the second decoupling transmission line is connected between the second connection ports of the adjacent decoupling networks;

Wherein, at least one of the first decoupling network and the second decoupling network includes an open branch.
The electronic device according to claim 19, wherein the antenna device comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate that are sequentially stacked; the plurality of antenna units are provided on the first substrate The first decoupling transmission line and the second decoupling transmission line are arranged in the third substrate; the radio frequency chip is arranged on a side of the third substrate away from the second substrate.