Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
  • A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
  • A61B17/3207—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions
  • A61B17/320725—Atherectomy devices working by cutting or abrading; Similar devices specially adapted for non-vascular obstructions with radially expandable cutting or abrading elements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00743—Type of operation; Specification of treatment sites
  • A61B2017/00778—Operations on blood vessels
  • A61B2017/00783—Valvuloplasty
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
  • A61F2/013—Distal protection devices, i.e. devices placed distally in combination with another endovascular procedure, e.g. angioplasty or stenting
  • A61F2/014—Retrograde blood flow filters, i.e. device inserted against the blood flow direction
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
  • A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
  • A61M2025/1043—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications
  • A61M2025/109—Balloon catheters with special features or adapted for special applications having balloons for removing solid matters, e.g. by grasping or scraping plaque, thrombus or other matters that obstruct the flow
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
  • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
  • A61M2210/12—Blood circulatory system
  • A61M2210/125—Heart

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a catheter for medical devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to a valvuloplasty balloon catheter. BACKGROUND
• Valvuloplasty corresponds to widening of a stenotic valve using a balloon catheter.
• a hollow tube catheter
• an operator inserts a hollow tube (catheter) into a blood vessel in the arm/groin of a patient and advances it through the aorta into the heart. Once the catheter reaches the treatment site, a balloon is expanded until the native leaflets of the valve are pushed open. Once the valve is open, the balloon as well as the catheter is removed.
• scoring elements have been introduced for overcoming the above problems effectively. These are stent like structures mounted over the balloon which expand along with the balloon to remove calcified tissues from the implantation site at the time of pre-dilation.
• the conventional scoring elements are not bonded to the catheter properly and hence, have high chances of slippage.
• the existing structures of the scoring elements break easily after multiple cycles of balloon inflation/deflation.
• the present invention relates to a valvuloplasty balloon catheter.
• the said catheter includes an inflatable member having tapered ends.
• a tubular member is mounted over the inflatable member.
• the tubular member includes a proximal end and a distal end.
• the tubular member includes a proximal section which is disposed towards the proximal end, a distal section which is disposed towards the distal end and a middle section disposed there between.
• At least one of the proximal section or the distal section includes a plurality of first struts, which are tapered.
• the middle section includes a proximal middle portion, a distal middle portion, and an intermediate portion connecting the proximal middle portion and the distal middle portion.
• the proximal middle portion and the distal middle portion have a plurality of closed cells.
• the plurality of closed cells includes one or more zig-zag elements.
• the one or more zig-zag elements are tapered in configuration and are placed over the tapered end of the inflatable member thereby allowing uniform and smooth expansion of the tubular member.
• FIG. 1 depicts a balloon catheter 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. la depicts the balloon catheter 100 provided with an embolic filter 200 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 depicts the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2a depicts the proximal section/distal section 50a/50b of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2b depicts an alternate embodiment of the proximal section/distal section 50a/50b of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2c depicts yet another embodiment of the proximal section/distal section 50a/50b of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2d depicts the couplers 60a, 60b being attached with the crimped tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2e depicts the middle section 50c of the tubular member 50 in expanded state in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2f depicts the first closed cell 54 of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2g depicts the second closed cell 56 of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2h depicts the columns of the tubular member 50 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 depicts a tubular member of a prior art in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
• a balloon catheter is disclosed.
• the balloon catheter of the present invention is used for pre-dilatation of a native stenotic valve prior to implantation of a heart valve.
• the balloon catheter may also be used for pre-dilatation in any coronary and/or peripheral artery.
• the balloon catheter of the present invention includes a tubular member mounted over an outer surface of a balloon (or any other equivalent expandable structure).
• the tubular member of the present invention is expanded upon expansion of the balloon thereby leading to breakage of calcified tissues at an implantation site.
• the tubular member includes three major sections i.e. a proximal section, a middle section and a distal section.
• the proximal and the distal sections include struts that are tapered and hence, allow better attachment of the tubular member with the balloon.
• the middle section is provided with a plurality of closed cells having zig-zag elements.
• the closed cell structure in the middle section allows better expansion of the tubular member once the balloon is inflated.
• the zig-zag elements also help to increase the length of the tubular member during balloon inflation.
• the middle section of the tubular member is provided with at least one marker for better radio-opacity of the tubular member while fluoroscopic imaging. The aforesaid tubular member maintains its shape even if it is crimped for a long time and/or undergoes multiple inflation-deflation cycles.
• FIG. 1 depicts the balloon catheter (or valvuloplasty balloon catheter) 100 of the present invention.
• the balloon catheter 100 of the present invention is used for pre-dilation of a native stenotic valve.
• the pre-dilation of the stenotic valve might create debris which when released into the bloodstream may cause blockages in smaller vessels.
• the balloon catheter 100 of the present invention may be provided with an embolic filter 200 as shown in FIG. la.
• the embolic filter may be structured to capture as well as remove debris during valvuloplasty procedure.
• the embolic filter 200 may be a self-expanding filter attached with the balloon catheter 100 at a pre-defined location. In an embodiment, the embolic filter 200 is placed before the aortic arch to avoid any emboli to go further in the bloodstream.
• the balloon catheter 100 may include a pre-defined diameter.
• the diameter of the balloon catheter 100 is one of, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 23 mm or 25 mm.
• the length of the balloon catheter 100 may be in a range of 1200mm to 1400mm. In an embodiment, the length of the balloon catheter 100 is 1300 mm.
• the balloon catheter 100 of the present invention includes various components such as, without limitation, one or more of, a catheter tubing 10, a hub 20, a soft tip 30, an inflatable member 40, a tubular member 50 and at least two couplers 60a, 60b.
• the catheter tubing 10 of the balloon catheter 100 may be a conventional structure which is utilized to mount the other components of the balloon catheter 100.
• the catheter tubing 10 may include pre-defined dimensions and shape.
• the catheter tubing 10 may include a proximal end 10a and a distal end 10b.
• the proximal end 10a of the catheter tubing 10 may be coupled to the hub 20 of the balloon catheter 100.
• the distal end 10b of the catheter tubing 10 may be coupled to the soft tip 30.
• the hub 20 and the soft tip 30 of the balloon catheter 100 may be conventional structures.
• the hub 20 may include various ports such as guide wire port, inflation port, etc.
• the soft tip 30 may be equivalent to any atraumatic tip known in the art, which is configured to guide the balloon catheter 100 through the body lumen while avoiding any perforation in the body lumen.
• the inflatable member 40 for example a balloon, as shown in FIG. 1 is mounted over the catheter tubing 10 towards its distal end 10b.
• the inflatable member 40 of the balloon catheter 100 may be an expandable structure.
• the inflatable member 40 may be made of a pre-defined polymeric material having good elasticity and which is capable of enduring high inflation pressures during the valve expansion.
• the material includes, without limitation, nylon, polyether block amide, polyethene terephthalate (PET), polyamide, polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, etc.
• the inflatable member 40 is made from polyamide resins.
• the inflatable member 40 may be made of a single layer or may include multiple layers. In an embodiment, the inflatable member 40 is a single layered structure.
• the rated burst pressure of the inflatable member 40 may range from 5 atm to 10 atm. In an embodiment, the rated burst pressure of the inflatable member 40 is 6 atm.
• the inflatable member 40 includes a proximal end 40a and a distal end 40b.
• the distal end 40b of the inflatable member 40 is disposed towards the distal end 10b of the catheter tubing 10.
• the proximal end 40a is placed opposite to the distal end 40b.
• the inflatable member 40 tapers towards its ends to connect with the catheter tubing 10 at the proximal end 40a and a distal end 40b as shown in FIG. 1.
• the tubular member 50 is attached to or mounted over the catheter tubing 10.
• the tubular member 50 may be made of a conventional metallic material(s) which includes without limitation, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium, nitinol, etc.
• the tubular member 50 is made of nitinol owing to its self-expanding and super elastic properties.
• the tubular member 50 includes a pre-defined structure which helps to break the calcified tissues.
• the tubular member 50 may be fabricated using a conventional method. In an embodiment, the tubular member 50 is formed by laser cutting a hollow cylindrical tube.
• the inner diameter of the tubular member 50 may range from 2.5 mm to 3.5 mm. In an embodiment, the inner diameter of tubular member 50 is 3.01 mm.
• the outer diameter of tubular member 50 may range from 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm. In an embodiment, the outer diameter of tubular member 50 is 3.61 mm.
• the tubular member 50 includes a plurality of closed cells.
• the tubular member 50 may include elongated cells that expand with the inflatable member 40 of the balloon catheter 100.
• the tubular member 50 includes a proximal end 501 and a distal end 502. Further, as depicted in FIG. 2, the tubular element 50 includes three sections i.e. a proximal section 50a, a distal section 50b and a middle section 50c disposed there between.
• the proximal section 50a is disposed towards the proximal end 501 of the tubular element 50 while the distal section 50b is disposed towards the distal end 502.
• the soft tip 30 is coupled to the distal section 50b of the tubular member 50.
• the catheter tubing 10 is coupled to the proximal section 50a of the tubular member 50.
• the aforesaid coupling of the tubular member 50 of the present invention may be mediated with the help of the couplers 60a, 60b.
• the couplers 60a, 60b can be for example, sleeves, tubes, rings (O shape, C shape or any other shape), stoppers etc.
• the tubular member 50 is coupled via welding technique or combination of welding & adhesive bonding.
• the structure of the proximal section 50a and the distal section 50b may be same or different. In an embodiment, the proximal section 50a and the distal section 50b is same. As shown in FIG. 2 and more clearly in FIG. 2a, the proximal section 50a and the distal section 50b include a plurality of first struts 52. The number of first struts 52 may vary depending on the diameter of the inflatable member 40. The number of first struts 52 may range between 02 to 10. In an embodiment, the number of first struts 52 is six.
• the first struts 52 may include a pre-defined shape.
• the shape of the first struts 52 may be any conventional shape. Such shapes may include, without limitation, spear shape, triangular shape, linear leaf shape, lanceolate leaf shape, etc.
• the first struts 52 are in the form of spear shaped structures. The said shape of the first struts 52 help to hold the tubular member 50 on to the catheter tubing 10 firmly during the inflation as well as the deflation of the inflatable member 40.
• the first struts 52 may be in the form of solid structures as represented in FIG. 2a or may include a cut-out as represented in FIG. 2b.
• the cut-out structure of the first struts 52 adds extra flexibility and smoothness to the tubular member 50 which in turn helps in its bonding with the soft tip 30/the catheter tubing 10 via the couplers 60a, 60b.
• the side edges of the first struts 52 may be uniform i.e. straight or non-uniform i.e. having a sine-wave shape, a peak-valley shape, a zig-zag shape, etc.
• each of the first struts 52 is connected to an adjacently placed first strut 52 with the help of a curved connector 'c'.
• the utilization of such connectors reduces chance of slippage over the balloon surface.
• the thickness of the first struts 52 may be in a range of 0.10mm to 0.50mm. In an embodiment, the thickness is 0.30mm.
• the first struts 52 include a pre-defined length and width which assist to fix the position of the tubular member 50 within the couplers 60a, 60b (as clearly shown in FIG. 2d) thereby helping the tubular member 50 to withstand high bond strength.
• the length of the first struts 52 may range from 2mm to 16mm. In an embodiment, the length of each first strut 52 is 6mm- 12 mm.
• the first struts 52 having a length in the aforesaid range enhance the flexibility of the tubular member 50 due to the presence of less material of construction. Also, owing to the use of struts having reduced width, more number of struts is required which in turn increases the radial strength of the tubular member 50.
• each first strut 52 includes a peak 52a and an end 52b. Due to the tapered configuration of the first struts 52, the first struts 52 include a non-uniform diameter (from peak 52a to end 52b).
• Each first strut 52 includes a peak radius ( ⁇ R') and an end radius ( ⁇ R').
• the peak radius may range from 0.05mm to 0.35mm. In an embodiment, the peak radius is 0.2mm.
• the end radius may range from 0.20mm to 1.20mm. In an embodiment, the end radius is 0.7 mm.
• the middle section 50c extends between the proximal section 50a and the distal section 50b.
• the total length of the middle section 50c may be in a range of 50mm to 70mm. In an embodiment, the total length of the middle section 50c is 62mm.
• the middle section 50c includes three sections i.e. a proximal middle portion 50cl, a distal middle portion 50c2 and an intermediate portion 50c3 connecting the proximal middle portion 50cl and the distal middle portion 50c2.
• the proximal middle portion 50cl is disposed towards the proximal section 50a while the distal middle portion 50c2 is disposed towards the distal section 50b.
• the proximal middle portion 50cl and the distal middle portion 50c2 may contain one or more rows having large cell assemblies.
• the said cells may either be open cells or closed cells.
• the proximal middle portion 50cl and the distal middle portion 50c2 include a plurality of closed cells having a predefined shape.
• the closed cells of the proximal middle portion 50cl and the distal middle portion 50c2 may include same or differently structured closed cells. As represented in FIG. 2e, the closed cells of the proximal middle portion 50cl and the distal middle portion 50c2 are same and are referred as closed cells 54. The structure of the closed cell 54 is clearly represented in FIG. 2e/2f.
• Each closed cell 54 may include a predefined shape formed by a plurality of struts for example, hexagonal, rhombus, diamond, etc.
• Each of the closed cells 54 of the present invention includes zig-zag elements. The portion of the closed cell 54 having zig-zag elements is mounted over the tapered portion of the inflatable member 40 in a tapered configuration. The presence of zig-zag shaped elements help to remove the plaque or calcified portion during the expansion of inflatable member 40. The zig-zag elements of the present invention help to adjust the length of the tubular member 50 so that the tubular member 50 smoothly and uniformly expands along with the inflatable member 40.
• the closed cell 54 is a rhombus shaped cell having four struts.
• each closed cell 54 includes a first pair of struts 54a and a second pair of struts 54b.
• Each first pair of struts 54a is connected to each other at a first peak 'pi'.
• the first peak 'pi' may be in contact with the first strut 52 and help to connect the first row 50cl (of the proximal middle portion 50cl) to the first struts 52 of the proximal section/distal section 50a/50b.
• Each second pair of struts 54b may be connected with each other at a second peak 'p2'.
• the second peak 'p2' may be in contact with the intermediate portion 50c3 (described below).
• the first pair of struts 54a may be connected to the second pair of struts 54b at a point 'p3'.
• the point 'p3' allows each first closed cell 54 to connect with the adjacent first closed cell 54 via a link 's' thereby forming a circumferential row of closed cells.
• the link 's' may be straight link.
• the length of the links 's' may range from 0.2mm to 0.8mm. In an embodiment, the length of each link 's' is 0.47mm.
• the struts of the first closed cell 54 may be identical in structure or may include different structures.
• the first pair of struts 54a and/or the second pair of struts 54b include at least a portion having zig-zag elements.
• the first pair of struts 54a and/or the second pair of struts 54b may be entirely zig-zag in shape (not shown).
• each strut of the first pair of struts 54a and/or the second pair of struts 54b may include a zig zag element and a first element al thereby forming a hybrid structure.
• the first element al may include any shape such as without limitation, a straight shape, a spline shape, a semicircular shape, etc. In an embodiment as shown in FIG.
• the first element al is straight shaped.
• the length of the zig-zag element and the length of the first element al may have a pre-defined ratio.
• the pre-defined ratio may range between 8:2 to 2:8 respectively for zig-zag element and first element with respect to length. In an embodiment, the pre-defined ratio is 6:4 for zig-zag element and first element respectively.
• Each zig-zag element may include a plurality of crests and troughs.
• the number of crests and troughs may range from two to twelve. In an embodiment, the number of crests and troughs are six.
• the length of zig-zag element plays an important role in the sizing of the tubular member 50.
• the length of the zig-zag element may range from 8.5mm to 10.5mm. In an embodiment, the length is 9.69mm. Such length leads to accurate expansion of tubular member 50 when inflated.
• the length of the first element al may range between 5.0mm to 7.0mm. In an embodiment, the length of the first element al is 6.16mm.
• Each strut of the second pair of struts 54b may be straight. However, it should be noted that other shapes of such struts are also within the scope of the present invention.
• Each of the second pair of struts 54b includes a length ranging from 10mm to 14mm. In an embodiment, the length is 11.90mm.
• the total length of each first closed cell 54 may range between 23.5mm to 32.5mm. In an embodiment, the total length of each first closed cell 54 is 27.75mm.
• the intermediate portion 50c3 includes a plurality of marker links 56.
• the number of marker links 56 may be dependent upon the number of closed cells 54.
• the number of marker links 56 may range between 2 to 8.
• the intermediate portion 50c3 includes 6 marker links 56.
• the marker links 56 help to connect the closed cells 54 of the proximal middle portion 50cl with the closed cell 54 of the distal middle portion 50c2 via peaks 'p2'.
• the total length of the marker link 56 may range from 3mm to 8mm. In an embodiment, the length is 5mm.
• the marker link 56 may include a plurality of markers 56a. In an embodiment, each marker link 56 includes a single marker 56a. The marker 56a may be disposed at the center of marker link 56.
• the marker 56a may be made of a conventional radiopaque material such as without limitation, platinum, tantalum, platinum tungsten, platinum iridium, gold, etc.
• the present invention includes markers 56a made from tantalum and having a round shape.
• the diameter of the marker 56a may range from 0.25mm to 0.45mm. In an embodiment, the diameter of the marker 56a is 0.35mm.
• the structure of the tubular member 50 is in the form of a plurality of columns 'CS' which are replicated radially to form the complete structure of the tubular member 50.
• Each column includes a first strut 52 of the proximal section 50a, a closed cell 54 of the proximal middle section 50cl, a marker link 56 of the intermediate portion 50c3, a closed cell 54 of the distal middle portion 50c2 and a first strut 52 of the distal section 50b (in the aforesaid sequence).
• Such columns may be connected with each other at peaks 'p3' via links 's'. The number of columns may vary depending upon the diameter of the inflatable member 40.
• the tubular member 50 includes six columns 'CS' as represented in FIG. 2h.
• the above disclosed middle section 50c of the tubular member 50 may reside over the inflatable member 40 and expands along with the inflatable member 40 to break the calcified tissues at the time of pre-dilation. Owing to the presence of larger cells and the aforesaid struts in the middle section 50c, the stresses which act upon the tubular member 50 at the time of inflation-deflation distributes uniformly thereby reducing any chances of breakage of the struts therein.
• tubular member 50 help in distributing the forces that are created when the inflatable member 40 of balloon catheter 100 is inflated.
• the above disclosed tubular member 50 may be attached with the catheter tubing 10 as shown in Fig. 1 with the help of at least two couplers 60a, 60b.
• the couplers 60a, 60b may be secured at the distal and proximal end of tubular member 50.
• the couplers 60a, 60b may be in the form of polymeric tubes or sleeves.
• the couplers 60a, 60b include two bonding sleeves.
• the couplers 60a, 60b may be secured to the catheter tubing 10 and/or the tubular member 50 via any conventional technique such as without limitation, heating, gluing and welding.
• the couplers 60a, 60b are attached via laser welding followed by the adhesive gluing and UV curing. Alternately, the couplers 60a, 60b are bonded with laser welding process to secure the tubular member 50 with the catheter tubing 10 and soft tip 30.
• the parameters maintained during laser welding are provided as follows:
• the aforesaid bonding provides high tensile strength and bonding strength to the tubular member 50.
• the couplers 60a, 60b include polymeric heat shrink tubes.
• the tube may be made of without limitation, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether block amide, polyolefin, polyurethane, etc.
• polyolefin tube is used for the attaching the tubular member 50.
• the outer diameter of the tube may range from 4.0mm to 9.0mm. In an embodiment, the outer diameter is 6.23mm.
• the inner diameter of tube may range from 3.0mm to 8.0mm. In an embodiment, the inner diameter is 5.23mm.
• a tubular member ⁇ ' of a balloon catheter including tube shaped struts A1 at the proximal and distal ends as shown in FIG. 3 was used.
• the proximal and distal ends included an extension link having a total length of about 7.10mm and thickness of about 0.2mm.
• the tubular member included 5 rows of closed cells in the middle.
• the struts used in the middle rows of closed cells included straight struts.
• the length of first and last row of cells was 12.50mm and thickness was 0.2mm.
• the said rows of the tubular member were mounted over the balloon surface.
• the other rows included a total length of 11.50mm and thickness of 0.2mm each and were placed on the proximal and distal part of balloon surface.
• a tubular member including six spear shaped struts at the proximal and distal section and three rows of closed cell disposed at a middle section was used to remove calcified tissues at a valve orifice.
• the six spear shaped struts included a total length of 9.10mm with specific spear radius of 0.2mm and thickness of 0.3mm for providing proper grip and sufficient area to hold the catheter without increase in stiffness.
• the middle section included two portions having closed cells formed by zig-zag shaped struts and straight struts. The length of struts having zig zag elements was 28mm while the thickness was 0.3mm.
• the middle section also included a portion without any zig-zag elements having large cells assemblies and longer struts. Such portion included a total length of 29 mm with 0.3mm thickness.
• the said portion also included marker links of 5mm length.
• the above tubular member was disposed in such a way that the zig-zag portion of the tubular member include tapered configuration when placed over the tapered ends of the balloon while the portion without any zig-zag elements is disposed between the tapered ends of the balloon.

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Citations (3)

• 2020
  • 2020-05-03 IN IN202021018863A patent/IN202021018863A/en unknown
• 2021
  • 2021-04-28 WO PCT/IN2021/050413 patent/WO2021224937A1/en not_active Ceased
• 2022
  • 2022-04-12 US US18/557,869 patent/US20240188982A1/en not_active Abandoned

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