WO2021224794A1 - Compositions, kits et procédés de coiffage de fibres capillaires - Google Patents

Compositions, kits et procédés de coiffage de fibres capillaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021224794A1
WO2021224794A1 PCT/IB2021/053740 IB2021053740W WO2021224794A1 WO 2021224794 A1 WO2021224794 A1 WO 2021224794A1 IB 2021053740 W IB2021053740 W IB 2021053740W WO 2021224794 A1 WO2021224794 A1 WO 2021224794A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hair
fibers
naf
composition
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/053740
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sagi Abramovich
Meir Soria
Tamar ASHER
Elina Ploshnik
Original Assignee
Landa Labs (2012) Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB2006573.6A external-priority patent/GB202006573D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB2006570.2A external-priority patent/GB202006570D0/en
Application filed by Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. filed Critical Landa Labs (2012) Ltd.
Publication of WO2021224794A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021224794A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/06—Preparations for styling the hair, e.g. by temporary shaping or colouring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A61K8/342—Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/35—Ketones, e.g. benzophenone
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/36—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A61K8/361—Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8105—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8111—Homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic olefines, e.g. polyethylene, polyisobutene; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/90—Block copolymers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
    • A61K8/922—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof of vegetable origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/81—Preparation or application process involves irradiation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K2800/00—Properties of cosmetic compositions or active ingredients thereof or formulation aids used therein and process related aspects
    • A61K2800/80—Process related aspects concerning the preparation of the cosmetic composition or the storage or application thereof
    • A61K2800/95—Involves in-situ formation or cross-linking of polymers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to compositions, kits, and methods for styling keratinous fibers, such as mammalian hair.
  • the mammalian (e.g ., human) hair fiber is a layered structure, wherein the outermost layer is the cuticle, a thin protective layer made of keratin protein, surrounding a central hair shaft composed of a cortex and a medulla.
  • the cuticle layer is built from scale-shaped cells, layered one over the other in an overlapping manner, similarly to shingles on a roof.
  • the physical appearance and the shape of hair fibers are determined by a variety of interactions between the keratin chains within the fibers, the amino acid composition of the keratin being responsible for the types of possible interactions.
  • Cysteine side chains allow for the formation of disulfide bonds, while other amino acids residues may form weaker interactions such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, Coulombic interactions etc.
  • the disulfide covalent bonds that may form between two thiol side-chains of two adjacent cysteine residues account for the fibers’ structure stability, durability and mechanical properties, and the breaking of these bonds by various procedures is the mechanism behind most contemporary methods of permanent hair styling (mainly straightening or waving).
  • Japanese straightening involves reductive agents, e.g., mercaptans or sulfites, which selectively cleave the disulfide bonds, whereby the keratins mechanically relax, followed by re-oxidation of the free sulfhydryl groups, allowing for the recombination of the disulfide bonds at the end of the process, while the hair is at the conformation adapted to achieve the desired styling.
  • Various styling means such as hot iron or hair dryer, can be used to induce additional stress to permanently conform the hair to the desired conformation (whether straight or wavy).
  • Another procedure for permanent styling of the hair relies on even harsher reductive agents, such as strong alkaline agents at pH higher than 11.0. Under these conditions, the disulfide bonds are cleaved in a less selective manner when the alkaline agents deeply permeate into the pH- induced swelled hair, disrupting possible rearrangement of the disulfide bonds.
  • keratin straightening and “organic straightening”, and including “Brazilian straightening”, are considered semi-permanent, and involve the massive use of aldehydes, namely, formaldehyde, formaldehyde-producing agents, or glutaraldehyde, most straightening products containing 2-10% of such chemicals.
  • aldehydes namely, formaldehyde, formaldehyde-producing agents, or glutaraldehyde, most straightening products containing 2-10% of such chemicals.
  • exemplary formaldehyde- producing agents also referred to as formaldehyde-releasing agents, include glyoxylic acid and its derivatives (e.g., glyoxyloyl carbocysteine), some of them being commonly used as preservatives.
  • aldehyde-based or -producing agents react with the keratin in the hair- fibers, acting as cross-linkers, thus prolonging the durability of the new hair conformation and shape.
  • Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are considered carcinogenic, and can cause eyes and nose irritation, as well as allergic reactions of the skin, eyes, and lungs. They are therefore considered hazardous by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and hair styling products manufacturers are required to comply with a limit of 0.2 wt.% or less of these materials, some jurisdictions even requiring 0.1 wt.% or less.
  • the amino acids making up the keratin protein of hair fibers also contain side-chains capable of forming non-covalent weaker bonds, such as hydrogen bonds that may form between polar and/or charged side chains in the presence of water molecules.
  • Such hydrogen bonds can form between the amino acids on the outer surface of the cuticle scales, as well as on the internal part of the scales or beneath them. Breaking of these hydrogen bonds upon exposure of the hair to heat (e.g., by a flat iron or a hair dryer, thus allowing removal of the water from the hair), and their reformation by drying or cooling, provides for temporary hair styling. While such methods do not involve reagents damaging to the hair, their effect is transient, due to the sensitivity of the fibers so shaped to water, including to ambient relative humidity.
  • compositions, kits and methods comprising or using the same, for styling of hair fibers developed in order to overcome, inter alia, at least some of the drawbacks associated with traditional methods of hair styling.
  • “styling” of hair includes any action modifying its shape in a visually detectable and desirable manner, it includes straightening or relaxing of hair, if wavy, curly or coiled; or conversely curling of hair, if the hair is relatively straighter than desired; hence any increase or decrease of the natural tendency of the hair fibers to curl.
  • the curable compositions and methods according to the present teachings allow for temporary or permanent hair styling without cleavage of disulfide bonds within the hair fiber or otherwise permanent alteration of its molecular structure.
  • the fibers styled to have a modified shape will display essentially the same number of sulfur bonds.
  • the innocuity of the present compositions and methods can be assessed by the modified hair fibers displaying essentially the same physico-chemical structure as native hair fibers.
  • the mechanical properties of the hair fibers are not compromised by the present compositions and methods, and some properties may even improve in particular embodiments.
  • the modified (treated) and native (untreated) hair fibers may display at least one essentially similar endotherm temperature (as can be determined by various methods, e.g., DSC, DMA, TMA, and like methods of thermogravimetry). Endotherm temperatures of two materials or hair fibers can be considered essentially similar if within 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, or 1°C, from one another. In particular embodiments, the endotherm temperatures of the treated and untreated fibers serving as reference are measured by the same thermal analysis method, DSC being preferred.
  • Mechanical properties such as tensile strength of the hair fibers
  • tensile strength of the hair fibers can be assessed using conventional methods, wherein the tensile strength of hair fibers treated by the methods of the present invention does not decrease (e.g., the elastic modulus being similar for treated and untreated fibers), and for some parameters such as break stress and toughness of the hair fibers, can even increase.
  • a method of styling mammalian hair fibers by modifying a shape of the fibers from a native shape to a desired modified shape comprising: a) applying to individual hair fibers a hair styling composition to cover the hair fibers, the hair styling composition comprising at least one non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil (NAF) monomer and optionally one or more curing facilitator miscible therewith; b) allowing the composition to remain in contact with the hair fibers for a period of time sufficient to ensure at least partial penetration of the NAF(s) monomers into the hair fibers; and c) applying energy to the hair fibers, so as to at least partially cure at least part of the NAFs monomers having penetrated within the hair fibers, said partial curing optionally occurring while the hair fibers are in the desired modified shape.
  • NAF non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil
  • the hair styling composition contains less than 0.2 wt.% of small reactive aldehydes (SRA), the SRA being selected from formaldehyde, formaldehyde-forming chemicals, glutaraldehyde, and glutaraldehyde-forming chemicals.
  • SRA small reactive aldehydes
  • non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil(s) refers to natural or synthetic alkene compounds including at least two double bonds along a carbon chain including at least 8 carbon atoms.
  • the amount of carbon atoms in the chemical formula of the NAFs does not exceed 200 atoms (C8-C200).
  • NAFs having relatively higher MW can be polymers or co-polymers including repeats of same or different dienes, such NAFs generally including from 30 to 200 carbon atoms (C30-C200).
  • NAFs having relatively lower MW can be of up to 30 carbon atoms (C8-C30), the chain length generally being between 12 and 28 (C12-C28), between 14 and 26 (C14-C26), or between 16 and 24 (C16-C24).
  • the number of carbon atoms in the NAFs can be odd or even.
  • the alkene can be linear or branched, and any two double bonds of the at least two double bonds of any NAF monomer can be conjugated or non-conjugated one with respect to the other.
  • the alkene chain may include cyclic portions, as long as being non-aromatic.
  • NAF monomers suitable for the present inventions are able to undergo self-polymerization one with another by the action of oxygen on the double bonds.
  • the alkene chain of the NAF further includes a carboxyl group (- COOFI) or an amine group (-NH2), such groups being typically positioned at a terminus of the chain.
  • Such groups may, in some embodiments facilitate cross-linking of the NAFs by mechanisms other than the radical formation enabled by the oxidation of the double bonds.
  • the hair fibers prior to step a) of applying the hair styling composition comprising the NAFs monomers, are dried at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to ensure breakage of at least part of a plurality of hydrogen bonds of the hair fibers.
  • the actual styling step of providing a modified shape to the hair fibers treated by the present methods need not necessarily be performed concomitantly with the curing of the monomers progressively forming a polymer able to overcome the tendency of the hair fibers to revert to their previous (e.g., unmodified / native / differently modified) shape.
  • the polymer Once the polymer has formed within the hair fibers, their shape can be modified when desired at a later time.
  • the treating method can be considered a method of styling regardless of the timeline for modifying the overall shape of the fibers, since mere formation of the polymer within the fiber may provide volume, also considered a styling effect regardless of the extent of detectability of the change.
  • the energy applied to at least partially cure at least part of the energy curable NAFs monomers having penetrated within the hair fibers is thermal energy, the heat being conveyed to the hair fibers by conduction (e.g., direct contact with a styling iron), by convection (e.g. , using a hot air blower, hair dryer), or by radiation (e.g., using a ceramic far infrared (IR) radiation hair dryer).
  • the applied energy is more generally electromagnetic (EM), which in addition to above-mentioned IR radiation, may include for instance ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • EM electromagnetic
  • Some NAFs may be curable predominantly or solely by thermal energy (heat), while others may be curable predominantly or solely by electromagnetic energy.
  • the former can also be referred to as heat-curable monomers, while the latter can also be referred to as EM-curable monomers.
  • the NAFs may be curable by both mechanisms, in which case they may be referred to as hybrid curable monomers.
  • a method of restyling hair fibers having a hair shape being a first modified hair shape achieved by the styling methods or with the hair styling compositions being further detailed herein comprising: a) applying energy to hair fibers having a first shape and containing in an inner part thereof a synthetic polymer having a softening temperature, the synthetic polymer being able to provide a shape to the hair fibers while at a temperature lower than its softening temperature, the application of energy being for a period of time sufficient to soften the synthetic polymer within the hair fibers; and b) terminating the application of energy while the hair fibers are in a desired restyling second modified hair shape, the second modified hair shape being the same or different from the first shape.
  • the fibers having the desired second shape display at least one endotherm temperature within 4°C, within 3°C, within 2°C, or within 1°C from untreated fibers lacking the synthetic polymer as measured by thermal analysis.
  • the application of thermal energy for restyling in step a) occurs for at least 5 minutes and at a temperature above the softening temperature of the polymer, for instance at a temperature of at least 50°C.
  • the temperature of restyling is sufficiently high to additionally decrease the amount of residual water within the hair fibers.
  • a method of de-styling hair fibers having a modified hair shape achieved by the styling methods or with the hair styling compositions being further detailed herein comprising in an inner part thereof a synthetic polymer having a softening temperature, the synthetic polymer being able to provide a shape to the hair fibers while at a temperature lower than its softening temperature, the de-styling method comprising: a) applying energy to hair fibers having a first shape, the application of energy being for a period of time sufficient to soften the synthetic polymer within the hair fibers, so that the hair fibers are at least for 10 minutes at at least 40°C, preferably at at least 45°C; b) applying water during the application of energy to enable at least a partial reformation of hydrogen bonds freed by the softening of the synthetic polymer; and c) terminating the application of energy and water while the hair fibers are devoid of contr
  • the fibers having the natural unmodified shape display at least one endotherm temperature within 4°C, within 3°C, within 2°C, or within 1°C from untreated fibers lacking the synthetic polymer as measured by thermal analysis.
  • a hair styling composition for modifying a shape of mammalian hair fibers the hair styling composition being selected from:
  • A- a single-phase composition including at least one non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil (NAF) monomer, water having a pH selected to increase a penetration of the NAF(s) into the hair fibers and a co-solvent, the single phase optionally further including one or more curing facilitator miscible therewith; and
  • NAF non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil
  • NAF non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil
  • the hair styling composition contains less than 0.2 wt.% of small reactive aldehydes (SRA), the SRA being selected from formaldehyde, formaldehyde-forming chemicals, glutaraldehyde, and glutaraldehyde-forming chemicals.
  • SRA small reactive aldehydes
  • the hair styling composition further comprises an auxiliary polymerization agent, containing at least one functional group capable of cross -polymerization with at least one of the NAF or curing facilitator, the functional group being selected from: a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, an amine, an anhydride, an isocyanate, an isothiocyanate and a double bond.
  • an auxiliary polymerization agent containing at least one functional group capable of cross -polymerization with at least one of the NAF or curing facilitator, the functional group being selected from: a hydroxyl, a carboxyl, an amine, an anhydride, an isocyanate, an isothiocyanate and a double bond.
  • the hair styling composition further comprises at least one additive selected from a group comprising an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent and a charge modifying agent.
  • kits for styling mammalian hair fibers comprising: a first compartment containing at least one non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil (NAF) monomer; and a second compartment containing either: i. water at a pH selected to increase a penetration of the NAF(s) monomers into hair fibers; or ii. at least one pH modifying agent; wherein mixing of the compartments produces a hair styling composition as a single phase composition or an oil-in-water emulsion as further detailed herein and claimed in the appended claims.
  • the at least one NAF is pre -polymerized prior to its placing in the kit.
  • Compartments of the kits are selected so as to avoid or reduce any reaction that would diminish the efficacy of the product during storage of the kit at a desirable storing temperature (e.g ., not exceeding room temperature).
  • a desirable storing temperature e.g ., not exceeding room temperature.
  • the first compartment is maintained in an inert environment, preferably under an inert gas, e.g., argon or nitrogen.
  • the compartments can be selected to be opaque to radiation or sealed against any factor detrimental to the stability of their contents.
  • the hair styling composition prepared from mixing of the kit compartments is ready to use, whereas in other embodiments, the hair styling composition needs be further diluted (e.g., with tap water) by the end-user prior to mixing of the compartments and/or application on the hair fibers.
  • At least one curing facilitator selected from a cross-linker and a curing accelerator, is further comprised within the hair styling composition, in the kit, or in a method of using the same.
  • a curing facilitator may be placed in the first or second compartment, when it does not spontaneously (e.g., at room temperature) react with any one of the components of the first or second compartments, respectively.
  • the curing facilitator may be placed in a separate third compartment to be mixed with the first and second compartments upon preparation of the hair styling composition as a single phase composition or an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the first compartment of the kit further comprises at least one auxiliary polymerization agent.
  • the kit further comprises at least one co-solvent, which may be contained in the first, second, or a separate additional compartment.
  • the kit further comprises at least one additive selected from a group comprising: an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent and a charge modifying agent.
  • at least one additive selected from a group comprising: an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent and a charge modifying agent.
  • the at least one additive is oil-miscible, it may be placed in the first compartment.
  • the at least one additive is water-miscible, it may be placed in the second compartment.
  • the kit for styling mammalian hair fibers comprises: a first compartment comprising at least one NAF; a second compartment comprising: water at a pH in a range of 5 to 11 and at least one co solvent; wherein the kit optionally further comprises at least one of:
  • each one of optional (a) to (d) being independently placed in the first, second or separate additional compartment(s) and each one of optional (e) and (f) being independently placed in the second or separate additional compartment(s).
  • the kit further comprises at least component (a) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least component (b) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least component (c) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least component (d) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least component (e) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least component (f) as above listed.
  • the kit further comprises at least components (a) and (b) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a) and (c) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a) and (d) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a) and (e) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a) and (f) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a), (b) and (c) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a), (c) and (d) as above listed. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises at least components (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f) as above listed.
  • mammalian hair fibers having a shape other than a native shape, the hair fibers comprising in an inner part thereof at least partially cured non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil monomers (NAF), NAF oligomers (NAFO) and NAF polymers (NAFP); the NAFs, NAFOs or NAFPs corresponding to ingredients of hair styling compositions as further detailed herein and to at least partially cured versions of said ingredients.
  • NAF non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil monomers
  • NAFO NAF oligomers
  • NAFP NAF polymers
  • Figure 1 is a schematic depiction of an image as can be captured by Focussed Ion Beam milling combined with Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM), showing a cross-section of a reference untreated hair fiber;
  • FIB-SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
  • Figure 2 is a schematic depiction of an image as can be captured by FIB-SEM, showing a cross-section of a hair fiber treated with a hair styling composition according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) series of plots of thermal analysis of hair samples, including of a reference untreated hair sample, two hair samples treated by commercial methods, and one hair sample treated by a hypothetical innocuous composition according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 depicts a simplified schematic diagram of a hair styling method according to an embodiment of the present teachings
  • Figure 5A shows a photograph of untreated curly black hair fibers, compared to similar curly black hair fibers as would appear if treated with a hair styling composition according to one embodiment of the present invention (Figure 5B);
  • Figure 6A is an image captured by FIB-SEM, showing a cross-section of a hair fiber treated with a composition comprising NAF according to one embodiment of the present invention, after 5 washing cycles of the hair, taken at a voltage of 1.20 kV;
  • Figure 6B is an image captured by FIB-SEM, showing a cross-section of a hair fiber treated with a composition comprising NAF according to one embodiment of the present invention, after 5 washing cycles of the hair, as shown in Figure 6A, but taken at a voltage of 10 kV.
  • compositions for styling hair fibers and more particularly to curable compositions comprising at least one non-aromatics unsaturated fatty oil (NAF) monomers capable of undergoing polymerization by any suitable reaction that creates a macromolecule (e.g., a polymer).
  • NAF non-aromatics unsaturated fatty oil
  • the term monomer is not meant to include only a single repeat molecule, and may include short oligomers, as long as their number of repeats yield a molecular weight not exceeding 10,000 g/mol, 5,000 g/mol, or 3,000 g/mol, as deemed suitable for the ability of the molecule to penetrate hair fibers.
  • a material being otherwise considered as an oligomer or a polymer of repeating dienes can be deemed herein a NAF monomer.
  • the hair styling compositions allow the delivery of the energy curable monomers to the inner parts of the hair fibers, together with any compound that may be required for their proper polymerization while within the fibers, such compounds being miscible with the monomers at this location.
  • the compounds miscible with the monomers and facilitating their curing can be curing facilitators and/or co-solvents.
  • Such compounds can be delivered in a same phase with the monomers, or in a distinct phase.
  • Flair styling compositions according to the present teachings can thus be selected from single -phase compositions and oil-in-water emulsions, both typically having a pH adapted to facilitate penetration of the monomers.
  • the facilitating pH may act by promoting: a) a sufficient opening of the hair scales, and/or b) a sufficient charging (e.g., as measurable by zeta potential) of the hair fibers and hair styling composition; and can be either acidic, in a range of pH 1 to pH 3.5 or pH 4, or mild acidic to mild alkaline, in a range of pH 5 to pH 8, or alkaline, in a range of pH 8 to pH 11, preferably between pH 9 and pH 11.
  • a pH is deemed to favor penetration into the hair fibers if being in ranges other than the isoelectric point of the hair, which may slightly vary between 3.5 and 5, 4 and 5, or 3.5 and 4, depending on the hair fibers and their health status.
  • a method for styling mammalian hair fibers by modifying the shape of the fibers by modifying the shape of the fibers.
  • a liquid hair styling composition is applied onto individual hair fibers, the liquid composition being a single-phase composition or an oil-in-water emulsion comprising water and: i) at least one non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil (NAF) monomer.
  • NAF non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil
  • the hair styling composition is provided as a single phase, a sufficient amount of a suitable co- solvent is provided to ensure the miscibility of the monomer with a water portion of the liquid, the aqueous media containing the co-solvent being further compatible for the miscibility of any other material desired for the polymerization of the monomers (e.g., optional curing facilitators and/or auxiliary polymerization agents) or for the form and applicability of the composition (e.g., an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, etc.).
  • any other material desired for the polymerization of the monomers e.g., optional curing facilitators and/or auxiliary polymerization agents
  • the form and applicability of the composition e.g., an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, etc.
  • the hair styling composition is provided as a bi-phasic emulsion
  • a co-solvent if at all present, is provided to ensure at least the miscibility of the monomer with optional curing facilitators, the monomers being in an oil phase of the emulsion.
  • the materials need more generally to be compatible with the styling compositions, their method of preparation and their method of use.
  • compatible it is meant that the monomers, the curing facilitators, the auxiliary polymerization agents, the co-solvents, or any other compatible ingredient of the present compositions, do not negatively affect the efficacy of any other compound, or the ability to prepare or use the final composition.
  • Compatibility can be chemical, physical or both and may depend on relative amount.
  • a curing facilitator would be compatible if having functional groups adapted to cross-link between the monomers and/or suitable to otherwise accelerate the process.
  • a co- solvent would be compatible if having a rate of volatility slow enough for the polymerization to proceed while the relevant materials are in a same phase.
  • Materials would be compatible if not adversely affected by the pH of the composition, or a temperature they might be subjected to during the preparation of the composition or its use for hair styling. While not essential, all materials could be liquid at room temperature ( circa 23°C), to facilitate preparation and use, or if solid could be readily miscible with the liquid components of the composition. Moreover, materials liquid at room temperature are believed to provide an improved hair feel as compared to solid materials.
  • a material is solid at room temperature and its dissolution requires heating, its melting point should be low enough for the temperature of heating adapted to selectively enhance its dissolution, without prematurely triggering curing of heat curable monomers or otherwise affect their ability to polymerize.
  • a plasticizer can be included to maintain the hair styling composition, in particular the monomers and any other curable ingredients due to penetrate the hair fibers, liquid at room temperature.
  • the materials due to polymerize within the hair fibers e.g ., the monomers and cross-linkers
  • due to facilitate such polymerization e.g., the auxiliary polymerization agents, the co- solvents and curing accelerators
  • the auxiliary polymerization agents, the co- solvents and curing accelerators have an average molecular weight of no more than 10,000 g/mol, no more than 5,000 g/mol, no more than 3,000 g/mol, no more than 2,500 g/mol, no more than 2,000 g/mol, no more than 1,500 g/mol, or no more than 1,000 g/mol.
  • Suitable non-aromatic unsaturated fatty oil monomers are natural or synthetic alkene compounds including at least two double bonds along a carbon chain including between 8 carbon atoms and 200 carbon atoms (C8-C200).
  • NAFs encompass polymers or co-polymers including repeats of same or different dienes, such NAFs generally including from 30 to 200 carbon atoms (C30-C200) and having relatively higher MW, and shorter alkenes having relatively lower MW and being of up to 30 carbon atoms (C8-C30), the chain length generally being between 12 and 28 (C12-C28), between 14 and 26 (C14-C26), or between 16 and 24 (C16-C24) carbon atoms, their number being odd or even.
  • the alkene can be linear or branched, and any two double bonds of the at least two double bonds of the NAF monomer can be conjugated or non-conjugated one with respect to the other.
  • the alkene chain of NAFs having a relatively lower MW includes three double bonds or more, or four double bonds or more.
  • the number of double bonds may depend on the length of the alkene chain, but typically does not exceed half of the number of bonds between carbon atoms. For NAFs having a relatively low MW and a number of carbons not exceeding 30, the number of double bonds does not usually exceed seven double bonds even for the longest chains. All conformers that may result from the double bonds are encompassed.
  • NAFs can be obtained from natural sources, they may form a mixture of NAF monomers each having a same or different chain length, and/or each having a same or different number of double bonds, and/or each having a same or different positioning of the double bonds along the alkene chain, and/or each of the double bonds providing a same or different stereoisomeric (e.g., cis, trans) configuration.
  • the NAFs of natural origin need not constitute the entire oil phase, but at least one of the NAF monomers of the natural oil need be the major constituent of the oil.
  • the alkene chain may include cyclic portions, as long as being non-aromatic.
  • Suitable NAF monomers are able to undergo self-polymerization one with another by the action of oxygen on the double bonds, the oxidation of the bonds generating pendent hydroperoxide groups which can react to cross-link different alkene chains. Such polymerization can take place in absence of additional chemical curing facilitators and its progress or completion can be confirmed by the ability of the NAF to form a film having at least a dry crust following sufficient time.
  • the ability to undergo such self-polymerization is dependent inter alia on the number of double bonds in the NAF, which can be assessed by determination of the iodine value of the compound.
  • the NAF monomers have an iodine number or value of at least 140, at least 145, or at least 150 gram (g) iodine per 100 g NAF.
  • the iodine value of the NAF does not exceed 500, and can be of up to 450, up to 350, up to 300, up to 270, up to 250, up to 230, or up to 210 g iodine per 100 g NAF.
  • Iodine values can be determined by standard methods, such as described in ASTM D-1959.
  • the alkene chain of the NAF further includes a carboxyl group (- COOH) or an amine group (-NFh), such groups being typically positioned at a terminus of the chain.
  • Such groups may, in some embodiments facilitate cross-linking of the NAFs by mechanisms other than the radical formation enabled by the oxidation of the double bonds.
  • the NAF monomers can be liquid at room temperature either by themselves or in presence of a suitable amount of plasticizer.
  • NAFs alone or in the presence of a plasticizer, should have a melting temperature ( Tm ) of 30°C or less.
  • Suitable plasticizers include, for instance, short fatty acids or fatty amines, and non-reactive oils.
  • some ingredients of the hair styling compositions as detailed herein can serve as plasticizers in addition to the main function (e.g ., cross-linking, curing acceleration, auxiliary polymerization) they are selected to fulfill in the composition.
  • Suitable NAFs having a relatively high iodine value can be selected from a group comprising: terpenes and terpenoids, such as squalene, carvone and geraniol; conjugated fatty acids, such as retinoic acid (C20H28O2), eleostearic acid (C18H30O2), licanic acid (C18H28O3) and punicic acid (C18H30O2); non-conjugated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (C18H32O2), linolenic acid (C18H30O2) and arachidonic acid (C20H32O2); triglycerides of such fatty acids having conjugated or non-conjugated double bonds, such as pomegranate seed oil, chia seed oil, perilla seed oil, raspberry seed oil, kiwi seed oil, lingonberry seed oil, arctic cranberry seed oil,
  • conjugated fatty acids such as
  • vegetal oils mentioned above are of natural origin, and as such, they can be composed of a mixture of components, at least one of which is the desired NAF.
  • the various additional ingredients contained in those natural oils and their proportions in the mixture could affect the polymerization rate, as well as the final hair styling composition (e.g ., wash resistance).
  • the NAFs monomers are selected from pomegranate seed oil, chia seed oil, kiwi seed oil, and NAF constituents thereof.
  • the NAF monomer is capable of polymerization by addition via its unsaturated double bond(s), and of polymerization by condensation of via suitable functional groups, when present in the NAF, when adequate cross-linkers are also present in the composition.
  • the hair styling composition (e.g., single phase or oil-in-water emulsion) adapted to the present hair styling method further comprises, in addition to the i) at least one NAF monomer: ii) at least one curing facilitator, selected from a cross-linker and a curing accelerator.
  • Cross-linkers refer to compounds that actively participate in the curing process, and are integrated in the resulting polymer network, while curing accelerators may only catalyze or activate the curing (e.g., by lowering the polymerization temperature or increasing its rate).
  • Curing facilitators should preferably be oil miscible to be in a same phase as the oily monomers during their polymerization within the hair fibers. Yet, if curing accelerators are used after the application of a hair styling composition to the hair, the curing accelerators to be used in such a step can be water-soluble, assuming that the accelerating solution is aqueous.
  • the cross-linkers suitable for the hair styling compositions and methods of the present invention have two or more cross-linking functions and advantageously have three or more cross-linking functions to increase the density of the three-dimensional network formed therewith.
  • the cross-linkers react with the NAF monomers via an addition curing mechanism (herein referred to as “addition-curable cross-linkers”).
  • Cross-linkers, suitable for such addition-polymerization can be straight, branched or cyclic alkene compounds including up to fifteen carbon atoms and containing a number of double bonds allowing for the formation of at least two radicals upon opening of the double bond(s).
  • the alkene may contain at least two double bonds if positioned within the alkene chain (e.g., short fatty oils or short monoterpenes, such as myrcene (C10H16)) or at least one double bond positioned at one terminus of the alkene chain.
  • Short alkenes cross-linkers with double bonds at both terminus of the alkene chain e.g., 1,5-hexadiene or l,5-hexadiene-3,4-diol are therefore also suitable.
  • Additional water-insoluble cross-linkers having terminal double bonds at both ends of the chain include diallyl ethers (e.g., 2,2-bis(allyloxymethyl)-l-butanol, trimethylolpropane diallyl ether); diallyl sulfides; diallyl esters (e.g. , diallyl adipate); acrylates (e.g.
  • ethylene glycol dimethacrylate dipropylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
  • diallyl acetals e.g., 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetra- oxaspiro[5.5]undecane
  • triallyl cyanurate e.g., triallyl isocyanurate.
  • Cross-linkers suitable for addition-curing of NAFs also include substituted or unsubstituted vinyl aromatic compounds (e.g., styrene or vinyl toluene); vinyl esters (e.g., vinyl acetate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl stearate or vinyl cinnamate); and vinyl alcohols (e.g., 10-undecen-l-ol).
  • Such cross-linkers in particular if based on alkenes having double bonds within the chain and not solely at a terminus, may be further characterized by having an iodine value of 140 g or less iodine per 100 g cross-linker, and even 100 g iodine or less per 100 g cross-linker.
  • cross-linkers need be able to provide two radicals, another cross-linker optionally providing only one radical upon double bond opening.
  • the reaction of the cross-linkers with the NAFs may occur under suitable conditions (e.g., under elevated temperatures, or in the presence of a curing accelerator, to be further addressed below), resulting in opening of the double bond(s) on the fatty oil chain of the NAF and of the cross-linker, forming a radical, thus initiating the addition-polymerization reaction.
  • the exposure of the NAF(s) and/or cross-linker to atmospheric oxygen may induce an autoxidation reaction, resulting in a formation of the radical, allowing the polymerization or cross-linking to proceed by addition mechanism optionally in absence of a dedicated curing accelerator.
  • Cross-linking can also occur via a condensation mechanism (such cross-linkers are referred to herein as “condensation-curable cross-linkers”), via reaction between suitable functional groups on the NAFs and on suitable cross -linkers.
  • Such cross linkers can be selected from reactive silanes having at least two silanol groups and a molecular weight of at most 1,000 g/mol, such as aminopropyltriethoxy silane (e.g., Dynasylan ® AMEO), 3-isocyanato- propyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)-methylsilane, methyltriethoxy-silane, or N-[3- (trimethoxysilyl)-propyl]ethylenediamine; mixtures of reactive silanes and amino-silanes (e.g., Evonik Dynasylan ® SIVO 210); polybasic acids, such as succinic acid, adipic acid or citric acid; fatty acids, such as castor oil; and polyamines such as hexamethylenediamine or hexamethylenetetramine (optionally combined with a dialkyl maleate, e.g., dimethyl maleate, diethyl
  • such compounds are typically present in an amount corresponding at least to a stochiometric reaction between the cross -linkable groups of the monomers and the corresponding reactive groups of the cross -linkers.
  • Such minimal amount might already provide for an excess of cross-linkers, if some of the cross-linkable groups of the monomers and growing oligomers are hindered, in particular as curing proceeds towards the formation of more complex polymers.
  • cross-linkers may react with one another in addition to their ability to react with the monomers, it might be desired to include such curing facilitators in excess of their mere stochiometric concentration.
  • Polymerization of the NAF monomers can be monitored by standard methods.
  • the iodine number or value of a composition is expected to decrease as double bonds open to cross-link with other monomers or suitable ingredients.
  • the formation of a synthetic polymer in an inner part of the hair fibers with any particular composition of the invention can be followed by determining the iodine value of the composition prior to its application and curing, as compared to the iodine value of a material extracted from the hair fibers following penetration and curing therein.
  • Materials, including the synthetic inner polymer can be extracted from hair fibers by diffusion ( e.g ., dipping the hair samples in IPA at 40-60°C for two hours) and concentrated to yield a sample adapted for the testing method.
  • cross-linkers may additionally serve to modify the pH of the composition, facilitating the opening of the cuticle scales of hair fibers to which compositions including them are applied, and allow the NAF monomers, or part thereof, to penetrate the hair shaft.
  • the NAFs according to the present teachings are molecules sufficiently small (e.g., having a MW of 10,000 g/mol or less) to at least partially penetrate the fiber shaft where they may subsequently polymerize upon application of energy (e.g., thermal or electromagnetic, as suitable to induce polymerization of the monomers). Penetration of the NAFs into the hair fiber can be observed and monitored by microscopic methods, such as FIB-SEM (e.g., as schematically illustrated in Fig. 2, to be addressed further below).
  • energy e.g., thermal or electromagnetic
  • the resulting oligomers and/or polymers may maintain the fiber in the modified shape or delay the ability of the fiber to regain its native (un-modified) shape. Such steps shall be described in more details in following sections.
  • cross-linkers having hydrolyzable functional groups may undergo at least partial hydrolysis, e.g., with water, to functionalize these groups prior to their combination with the NAFs monomers.
  • hydrolysis facilitators can be used to induce the hydrolysis following the combination of such cross-linkers with the NAFs.
  • Suitable facilitators of such hydrolysis can be acids having (or providing to the composition) a pH between 4 and 6, such as salicylic acid and lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, uric acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, azelaic acid or propionic acid.
  • the hydrolysis facilitators can be present in the composition being applied on the hair fibers and/or can be later spread thereon. Either way, partial hydrolysis of suitable cross-linkers is expected to enhance the activity of the cross-linkers, facilitating the polymerization of the NAFs.
  • a same curing facilitator can act both as a cross-linker and as a curing accelerator.
  • the resulting polymer internally formed can also be referred to as a synthetic skeleton. This term is not meant to imply that the monomers are necessarily artificial (not naturally occurring), but that the resulting polymer is synthesized in situ, and not naturally occurring within hair fibers. Simply presented, the extraneous polymer is able to “lock” the hair fibers in the desired shape, overcoming the innate force of the fibers otherwise allowing them to have or regain their natural shape.
  • the curing accelerators suitable for the hair styling compositions comprising NAFs, and methods of the present invention using the same are suitable for addition-polymerization.
  • Suitable addition-curable accelerators include organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy benzoate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, ortho- and para-methyl and 2,4-dichloro derivatives of dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, alkyl peroxides (e.g., lauroyl peroxide, and 2-butanone peroxide), ketone peroxide and diacyl peroxide.
  • organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxy benzoate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, ortho- and para-methyl and 2,4-dichloro derivatives of dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, alkyl peroxides (e.g.
  • curing accelerators suitable for condensation-curing are utilized, when the NAFs further contain functional groups that could be polymerized by condensation.
  • Such curing accelerators are selected from metal complexes including for instance metal carboxylates such as acetyl acetonates or naphthenates (e.g., of Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Zn or Cu); metal soaps such as aluminium stearate and magnesium stearate; metal salen complexes such as N,N'-bis-(salicylidene)ethylenediamine complex with Fe or Mn; strong acids such as p- toluene- sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or sulfosuccinic acid; and strong bases such as NaOH, KOH, NH OH.
  • metal complexes including for instance metal carboxylates such as acetyl acetonates or naphthenates (e.g., of Co, Mn, Fe, Al, Zn or Cu); metal
  • compositions and methods according to the present teachings can be applied and implemented on hair fibers separated from a living subject (e.g., on a fur or on a wig), they are typically intended for application on hair of living mammalian subjects, in particular for use on human scalps. Therefore, while a number of cross-linkers, curing accelerators or other agents and additives as detailed hereinbelow may be used in compositions able to satisfactorily modify the shape of hair fibers, all such ingredients, as well as the NAFs monomers, shall preferably be cosmetically acceptable.
  • compositions or formulations made therefrom are deemed “cosmetically acceptable” if suitable for use in contact with keratinous fibers, in particular human hair, without undue toxicity, instability, allergic response, and the like. Some ingredients may be “cosmetically acceptable” if present at relatively low concentration according to relevant regulations.
  • the intended hair styling compositions are single-phase compositions, they are achieved when the NAFs are dissolved in a continuous aqueous phase containing a suitable co solvent.
  • the intended hair styling compositions are oil-in-water emulsions, they are achieved when the NAFs are emulsified and dispersed as oil droplets in a continuous aqueous phase, which may optionally further include a suitable co-solvent.
  • Curing facilitators when present, should be miscible with the monomers while in the hair fibers, regardless of the phase from which they may be delivered to the hair cortex.
  • the aqueous phase of the curable hair styling composition has a pH suitable a) to provide adequate charging to the hair fibers and the composition including the NAFs, b) to provide a suitable solubility of a compound in a medium (or on the contrary a lack thereof), and/or c) to provide suitable opening of the hair scales to facilitate penetration.
  • acidic pH e.g., in a range of about 1-3.5
  • the aqueous phase of the curable hair styling composition has an alkaline pH. Electing one non neutral pH over another may depend on the chemical nature of the monomers and curing facilitators, some intrinsically contributing to an acidic or a basic pH, or being more potent at one pH over the other.
  • the pH of the hair styling compositions of the present invention can be adjusted to have any desired non-neutral pH to inter alia lift the hair scales to facilitate penetration of the monomers, such mechanism does not rule out the existence of additional ways of introducing monomers within the fiber cortex.
  • the monomers and agents required for their polymerization may additionally be polar enough to diffuse through the hair scales, whether or not sufficiently opened for direct migration between the hair environment and its cortex.
  • the NAFs previously described and further detailed herein are oily in nature, i.e., substantially not miscible in water, and thus, in absence of suitable amounts of appropriate co solvents, are present in the oil phase of an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the residual solubility of the NAFs is of 5wt.% or less, lwt.% or less or 0.5wt.% or less, with respect to the weight of the aqueous environment wherein they are disposed at the pH of the liquid. Solubility can be assessed by the naked eye, the soluble composition (e.g., a single- phase composition) being typically clear (not turbid) at room temperature ( circa 23 °C).
  • This matter can alternatively be quantified by measuring the refractive index of the solution, comparing it to a calibration curve with known amounts of NAFs in water.
  • suitable amounts of appropriate co solvents e.g., above 30 wt.% to alternatively form a single-phase composition.
  • the hair styling composition e.g., oil-in-water emulsion
  • the hair styling composition has a pH of least 7, at least 8, at least 9, or at least 10.
  • the pH of the composition does not exceed pH 11.
  • the pH of the composition is between 8 and 10.5, between 9 and 10.5, or between 9.5 and 10.5.
  • Such an alkaline pH of a hair styling composition can be achieved by dispersing or dissolving the oil phase in which the NAFs reside with an aqueous phase at a suitable pH (e.g., to respectively form an emulsion or a single phase).
  • the pH of the aqueous phase can be adjusted by using any suitable pH modifying agent at any concentration adapted to maintain the desired pH.
  • Such agents include bases, such as ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the pH modifying agents may also be amines, such as monoethanol-amine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethyl- ethanolamine, morpholine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l -propanol, cocamide monoethanol-amine, aminomethyl propanol or oleyl amine.
  • amines such as monoethanol-amine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, diethyl- ethanolamine, morpholine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l -propanol, cocamide monoethanol-amine, aminomethyl propanol or oleyl amine.
  • other components of the hair styling composition which are basic in nature, may provide or contribute to the alkaline pH of the composition (e.g., emulsion).
  • the cross-linkers commercialized as Dynasylan ® AMEO and Dynasylan ® SIVO 210 are having such an effect in view of their amine groups.
  • an acidic pH of 4.5 or less, 4 or less, or 3 or less may also contribute to the opening of the hair scales.
  • the pH of a hair styling composition having such acidic pH is at least 1, at least 1.5, or at least 2, and generally between 1 and 4, between 1 and 3, between 1.5 and 3.5, between 2 and 4, or between 2.5 and 3.5.
  • Such an acidic pH may be obtained using acids as pH modifying agents, which can be selected from acetic acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid, to name a few.
  • other components of the hair styling composition which are acidic in nature, may provide or contribute to the acidic pH of the composition (e.g., emulsion).
  • the cross-linkers known as triethoxysilylpropylmaleamic acid and trihydroxy silylethylphenyl sulfonic acid are having such an effect in view of their respective acidic groups.
  • the single-phase compositions and the oil-in -water emulsions typically differ from one another by the relative amounts of water and co-solvents each may contain, thus each type will be separately discussed below. It should be noted that there might be overlap in the ranges of concentrations appropriate for each type of composition, as the relative amounts of water and co-solvents suitable for a particular type of composition also depends on the monomers, the curing facilitators, the auxiliary polymerization agents, or any other additive, as well as their respective amounts.
  • the concentration of water in the single-phase composition is at least 2 wt.%, at least 5 wt.%, at least 10 wt.%, at least 15 wt.%, or at least 20 wt.% by weight of the single-phase composition. In some embodiments, the concentration of the water is at most 80 wt.%, at most 60 wt.%, at most 40 wt.%, at most 35 wt.%, or at most 30 wt.% by weight of the single -phase composition.
  • the concentration of the water is between 2 and 80 wt.%, between 2 and 60 wt.%, between 2 and 20 wt.%, between 2 and 15 wt.%, between 10 and 40 wt.%, between 10 and 30 wt.%, or between 15 and 40 wt.% by weight of the single-phase composition.
  • the concentration of water in the oil-in-water emulsion is, at least 60 wt.%, at least 65 wt.%, or at least 70 wt.% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion. In some embodiments, the concentration of the water is at most 93 wt.%, at most 90 wt.%, at most 87 wt.%, or at most 85 wt.% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the concentration of the water is between 60 and 93 wt.%, between 60 and 90 wt.%, between 60 and 87 wt.%, between 65 and 87 wt.%, or between 70 and 85 wt.% by weight of the oil-in- water emulsion.
  • the hair styling compositions can further contain at least one co-solvent.
  • the at least one co-solvent can be selected from Ci-Cio alcohols having at least one hydroxyl group, such as methanol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, sec -butyl alcohol, t- butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, 1-pentanol, 1 ,2-pentanediol, 2-hexanediol, benzyl alcohol or dimethyl isosorbide; water-miscible ethers such as di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, dioxane, dioxolane, or l-methoxy-2-propanol; aprotic solvents such as ketones ( e.g ., methyl ethyl ketone, acetone),
  • ketones e.g ., methyl ethyl
  • the co-solvent is isopropyl alcohol.
  • an oily co-solvent e.g., C 12-15 alkyl benzoate
  • some of these co-solvents can indifferently be mixed with the NAFs of the oil phase, with the aqueous phase, or in parts with both, during the preparation of an emulsion, where the phases are distinct, or during the preparation of a single phase, where the oil phase is dissolved in the aqueous-co-solvent phase.
  • a number of situations are encompassed: a) a single co-solvent is used and mixed either with the NAFs or with the aqueous phase; b) a single co-solvent is used and mixed with both the NAFs and the aqueous phase; and c) two or more co-solvents are used mixed with at least one of the NAFs and the aqueous phase.
  • co-solvents are believed to improve the surface tension of the oil phase so as to facilitate penetration of the NAFs, and/or to increase the miscibility cross-linkers, when present, within the NAFs, and/or to increase the miscibility of the NAFs within the aqueous phase to form a single-phase composition.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents in the single-phase composition is at least 20 wt.%, at least 30 wt.%, at least 40 wt.%, or at least 50 wt.% by weight of the single- phase composition.
  • the maximal amount of co-solvents may depend on the NAFs being selected, as well as on the presence of any additional ingredients.
  • the concentration of co-solvents is such that the composition is in the form of a single-phase composition.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents is at most 80 wt.%, at most 75 wt.%, or at most 70 wt.% by weight of the single-phase composition.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents is between 20 and 70 wt.%, between 30 and 70 wt.%, or between 35 and 65 wt.% by weight of the single-phase composition.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents in the oil-in-water emulsion is at least 1 wt.%, at least 5 wt.%, or at least 10 wt.% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the maximal amount of co- solvents may depend on the NAFs being selected, as well as on the presence of any additional ingredients.
  • the concentration of co-solvents is such that the composition is in the form of an emulsion.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents is at most 40 wt.%, at most 35 wt.%, or at most 30 wt.% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the combined concentration of the co-solvents is between 1 and 40 wt.%, between 5 and 40 wt.%, between 5 and 35 wt.%, between 10 and 40 wt.%, between 12 and 35 wt.%, or between 10 and 30 wt.% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the single-phase compositions and oil-in-water emulsions can be prepared by any suitable method.
  • the present compositions can be manufactured by mixing a first blend including the NAF(s), hence including a predominant portion of the oil phase, with a second liquid, including a predominant portion of the aqueous phase.
  • NAFs compartment and an “aqueous compartment”, which include any desired additive, are each said to include a predominant portion of any of the two phases, as it cannot be ruled out that some of the compounds of an oil-in-water emulsion may actually partly migrate between the two phases.
  • the NAFs may be insignificantly miscible in water and/or prepared in presence of a co- solvent (or any other component of the emulsion) exhibiting some miscibility with water, which upon mixing with the predominantly aqueous sub-composition may merge in part with the aqueous phase.
  • a co- solvent or any other component of the emulsion
  • each may comprise an amount of respective ingredient suitable to achieve desired concentration in the final oil-in- water emulsion, upon mixing of the two compartments in set ratios.
  • the concentration of the combination of all NAFs (if more than one) in the NAFs compartment is at least 2 wt.%, at least 5 wt.%, at least 10 wt.%, at least 15 wt.%, or at least 20 wt.% by weight of the NAFs compartment.
  • the concentration of the NAFs is at most 70 wt.%, at most 65 wt.%, at most 60 wt.%, at most 55 wt.%, or at most 50 wt.% by weight of the NAFs compartment. In particular embodiments, the concentration of the NAFs is between 2 and 70 wt.%, between 5 and 70 wt.%, between 10 and 65 wt.%, between 16 and 65 wt.%, between 20 and 60 wt.%, or between 20 and 55 wt.% by weight of the NAFs compartment.
  • compositions and oil-in-water emulsions can be prepared by any additional suitable method, other than by dissolving or emulsifying a mixture of an NAFs compartment and of an aqueous compartment, the concentration of the NAFs is alternatively provided by weight of the total / final composition (e.g., the single phase or the emulsion).
  • the combined concentration of the NAFs (if more than one) in the hair styling composition is at least 0.1 wt.%, at least 0.25 wt.%, at least 0.5 wt.%, or at least 0.9 wt.% by total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the concentration of the NAFs is at most 5 wt.%, at most 3 wt.%, at most 2.5 wt.%, or at most 2 wt.% by weight of the hair styling composition.
  • the concentration of the NAFs is between 0.1 and 5 wt.%, between 0.25 and 5 wt.%, between 0.5 and 5 wt.%, between 0.5 and 3 wt.%, or between 0.9 and 2.5 wt.% by weight of the hair styling composition.
  • the NAF monomer is maintained in an inert atmosphere, such as under argon or nitrogen, in order to reduce or eliminate any environmental factors (e.g. , oxygen) that could induce premature and undesirable polymerization.
  • the combined concentration of the cross-linkers present in the hair styling composition is at most 10 wt.%, at most 5 wt.%, at most 2.5 wt.%, at most 2 wt.%, or at most 1.5 wt.% by weight of the composition (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion).
  • the combined concentration of the cross-linkers is at least 0.05 wt.%, at least 0.1 wt.%, or at least 0.5 wt.% by weight of the composition.
  • the cross-linkers are present at a combined concentration between 0.05 and 10 wt.%, between 0.1 and 5 wt.%, or between 0.5 and 1.5 wt.% by weight of the composition.
  • this ratio can be between 1:15 and 5 : 1 , between 1:10 and 2.5:1, between, or 1:5 and 5:1.
  • the cross-linkers are preferably selected to provide curing at a temperature elevated relatively to ambient temperature and/or at a rate sufficiently slow at room temperature, to prevent or reduce spontaneous curing during storage and/or application of the hair styling composition.
  • the curing temperature of a suitable cross -linker need not be too high (e.g., the hair fibers being between 50°C and 60°C), and both the curing temperature and curing rate of the cross-linkers can be selected to provide curing under reasonable conditions.
  • the combined concentration of the curing accelerators is of at most 30 wt.%, at most 25 wt.%, at most 20 wt.%, at most 15 wt.%, at most 10 wt.%, at most 9 wt.%, at most 8 wt.%, at most 7 wt.%, at most 6 wt.% or at most 5 wt.% by weight of the NAF(s), the curing accelerators optionally being present at at least 0.01 wt.% of the NAF(s).
  • the amount of the curing accelerators by weight of the total hair styling composition e.g., oil-in-water emulsion
  • they are generally present in very low concentrations.
  • the combined concentration of the curing accelerators is of at most 5 wt.%, at most 3 wt.% or at most 2 wt.% by weight of the hair styling composition, the curing accelerators optionally being present at at least 0.001 wt.% of the hair styling composition.
  • peroxides When peroxides are used as curing accelerators for addition-polymerization, their amount should be carefully considered in view of their ability to bleach the hair. Therefore, the amount of peroxides should be high enough to activate the polymerization, and low enough to avoid significantly bleaching the hair.
  • the concentration of the curing facilitators i.e., the combined concentration of cross-linkers and curing accelerators, whether used for addition or condensation polymerization
  • the concentration of the curing facilitators present in the hair styling composition is between 0.05 wt.% and 15 wt.%, between 0.1 wt.% and 13 wt.%, or between 0.5 wt.% and 10 wt.% of the total hair styling composition.
  • the single-phase composition or the oil-in-water emulsion may further contain at least one additive, adapted to enhance one or more properties of the hair styling composition.
  • the additive can, for instance, be an auxiliary polymerization agent, an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, a charge modifying agent, or any other such ingredients traditionally found in hair styling compositions (e.g., fragrances).
  • an auxiliary polymerization agent may be added to enhance and facilitate the cross-linking of the NAF(s) or of the cross-linker itself.
  • auxiliary polymeric agents bear at least one functional group which, together with the polymerizable groups of the NAF or with the functional group(s) of the cross-linker, increases the concentration of any functional groups that are available for cross-linking.
  • a higher concentration of the functional groups contained within the auxiliary polymerization agent is believed to contribute to a higher degree of cross-linking facilitation.
  • auxiliary polymerization agents may bind to the growing polymeric network (as opposed to conventional curing accelerators which do not incorporate the network if not additionally cross-linking).
  • the density of functional groups in the auxiliary polymerization agent should be high enough to allow using auxiliary polymerization agent having a molecular weight below 10,000 g/mol, 5,000 g/mol, or 3,000 g/mol, such a size not hampering its ability to penetrate into the hair shaft.
  • auxiliary polymerization agents are selected from: shellac, rosin gum, oleyl amine, alkyl aryl substituted maleates and salicylates (e.g., dimethyl maleate and dibutyl maleate).
  • Suitable auxiliary polymerization agents may also bear functional groups such as anhydrides, isocyanates and isothiocyanates, which are capable of reaction with e.g., amine cross-linkers.
  • auxiliary polymerization agents may bear groups that can be further functionalized by other reactants present in the composition, such as double bonds, which can be opened (e.g., by an amine cross -linker, or alternatively in a Michael addition reaction or even a NAF “activated” to contain reactive radicals).
  • Additional suitable auxiliary polymeric agents include fatty oils having unsaturated alkene chains of sixteen carbon atoms or more, and can be characterized by the presence of at least one double bond and be, in some embodiments, characterized by an iodine value between 100 and 140 g iodine per 100 g agent.
  • Such exemplary auxiliary polymeric agents can be selected from e.g., sesame oil (iodine value 103-116), corn oil (iodine value 111-130), or cottonseed oil (iodine value 108-110).
  • hydrophobic auxiliary polymerization agents which, beyond their cross-linking enhancement within the hair fiber, might also assist in protecting the hair against moisture penetration.
  • the auxiliary polymerization agent is shellac, a natural bioadhesive resin, collected from the secretion of an insect, which has a number of synthetic chemical equivalents.
  • shellac a natural bioadhesive resin, collected from the secretion of an insect, which has a number of synthetic chemical equivalents.
  • purified wax free shellacs have an average molecular weight between about 600 and 1,000 g/mol, and though there are controversies about their true structure, being a mixture of various components, they are known to contain repeating units of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, together with olefinic and aldehyde function.
  • Shellacs may be supplied with variable acid number of up to 150 mg KOH/g, the acid number being typically in the range of 65-90 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl values generally between 180 and 420 mg KOH/g.
  • Some fatty amines may also serve as auxiliary polymerization agents, if comprising at least one double bond which may inter alia react with double bonds of the NAFs monomers, the amine group of such fatty amines being capable of nucleophilic reaction with suitable functional groups on the NAF monomers and/or on cross-linkers.
  • Oleyl amine is one example of such fatty amine auxiliary polymerization agents.
  • the auxiliary polymerization agent is present in an amount of between 0.01 wt.% and 1 wt.%, between 0.01 wt.% and 0.8 wt.%, between 0.02 wt.% and 0.6 wt.%, or between 0.03 and 0.5 wt.% by weight of the composition.
  • the hair styling composition if an oil-in-water emulsion, may further contain an emulsifier, so as to facilitate the formation of the emulsion and/or to prolong its stability.
  • the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier, preferably having a hydrophile- lipophile balance (HLB) value between 2 to 20, between 7 to 18, between 10 to 18, between 12 to 18, between 12 to 17, between 12 to 16, between 12 to 15, or between 13 to 16 on a Griffin scale.
  • HLB hydrophile- lipophile balance
  • Suitable emulsifiers can be water-soluble (e.g., having an HLB value between 8 and 20), such as polysorbates (often commercialized as Tweens), ester derivatives of sorbitan (often commercialized as Spans) and combinations thereof, or oil-soluble (e.g., having an HLB value between 2 and 8), such as lecithin and oleic acid.
  • water-soluble e.g., having an HLB value between 8 and 20
  • polysorbates often commercialized as Tweens
  • ester derivatives of sorbitan often commercialized as Spans
  • oil-soluble e.g., having an HLB value between 2 and 8
  • lecithin and oleic acid e.g., lecithin and oleic acid.
  • linoleic acid generally used as one NAF, which may also serve as an emulsifier, due to its polar head and fatty chain.
  • the composition In order to facilitate a penetration of the NAFs into the hair fibers, the composition should be able to properly spread over the fibers to permit adequate contact. Adequate coating of the fibers by the composition during its application is expected to favor penetration, believed to be by capillary effect, of the monomers into the hair to form the synthetic polymer able to constrain the desired shape. Proper wetting of a surface can theoretically be improved by tuning the surface tension measured in milliNewton per meter (mN/m) of the hair styling composition to be lower than the surface energy of the fibers. Such properties can be determined by standard methods, and for instance according to procedures described in ASTM D1331-14, Method C.
  • Virgin hair fibers which have not been previously treated, typically have a surface energy of about 25-28 mN/m, whereas damaged hairs generally have a higher surface energy, chemically bleached hair fibers, for instance, being in the range of 31-47 mN/m.
  • the increased presence of naturally occurring fatty acids on undamaged hairs is believed to contribute to their relatively lower surface tension.
  • compositions having a surface tension relatively higher than deemed theoretically appropriate are more suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
  • the absence of fatty acids within the hair shaft is believed to increase the surface energy perceived within the hair to be sufficiently higher than that measurable on the outer surface of the hair to require selection of a particular range of surface tensions for compositions intended to penetrate the hair shaft.
  • compositions of the present invention have a surface tension between 25 and 60 mN/m, between 25 and 55 mN/m, between 25 and 50 mN/m, between 25 and 45 mN/m, between 25 and 40 mN/m, between 25 and 35 mN/m, or between 30 and 40 mN/m.
  • compositions of the present invention which are suitable for virgin hair, are also appropriate for previously treated hair fibers.
  • the styling compositions may display a surface tension adapted to sufficiently coat damaged hairs, while not being satisfactory enough for virgin hair fibers.
  • wetting agents can be added to the composition, at any suitable concentration allowing to decrease the surface tension of the emulsion to be within any of the afore-described suitable ranges.
  • Exemplary wetting agents can be silicone-based, fluorine-based, carbon-based or amine- alcohols. Silicone-based wetting agents can be silicone acrylates (such as SIU 100 by Miwon Specialty Chemical). Fluorinated wetting agents can be perfluoro sulfonic acids (such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) or perfluorocarboxylic acids (such as the perfluorooctanoic acid).
  • Carbon-based wetting agents can be ethoxylated amines and/or fatty acid amide (e.g ., cocamide diethanolamine), fatty alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether), fatty acid esters of sorbitol (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate), polysorbates and alkyl polyglucosides (e.g., lauryl glucoside).
  • fatty acid amide e.g ., cocamide diethanolamine
  • fatty alcohol ethoxylates e.g., octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether
  • fatty acid esters of sorbitol e.g., sorbitan monolaurate
  • polysorbates e.g., lauryl glucoside
  • Amine-functionalized silicones can also be used as wetting agents (such as amo-dimethicone or bis-aminopropyl dimethicone), as well as alkanolamines (such as 2-amino- 1 -butanol and 2-amino-2-methyl- 1 -propanol).
  • wetting agents such as amo-dimethicone or bis-aminopropyl dimethicone
  • alkanolamines such as 2-amino- 1 -butanol and 2-amino-2-methyl- 1 -propanol.
  • Wetting agents are typically present in the hair styling composition (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) at a concentration of at least 0.001 wt.%, at least 0.01 wt.% or at least 0.1 wt.%; at most 1.5 wt.%, at most 1.4 wt.% or at most 1.3 wt.%; and optionally between 0.001 and 1.5 wt.%, between 0.01 and 1.4 wt.% or between 0.1 and 1.3 wt.% by weight of the composition.
  • the hair styling composition e.g., oil-in-water emulsion
  • some of the components of the hair styling composition present therein to serve a different function may contribute to the surface tension of the hair styling composition.
  • the cross-linker AMEO may reduce the surface tension, and the NAF linoleic acid may increase it.
  • the surface tension of the hair styling composition may accordingly be adjusted by selecting suitable concentration(s) of such components.
  • Co-solvents may also contribute to the wetting ability of the composition towards hair fibers, in addition to contributing by their chemical formula and relative concentration to the type of hair styling composition that may be formed.
  • a thickening agent can be added to provide a desired viscosity, generally to the aqueous phase of the oil-in-water emulsion or aqueous compartment.
  • the viscosity should be sufficiently low to allow easy application of the composition to the hair so as to satisfactorily coat all individual fibers, but high enough to remain on the hair fibers for sufficient time and prevent dripping.
  • a relatively low viscosity may also facilitate penetration of the NAFs into the hairs by diffusion and/or capillarity.
  • Exemplary thickening agents can be hyaluronic acid, poly(acrylamide-co-diallyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride) copolymer (Poly- quatemium 7, e.g., by Dow Chemicals), quatemized hydroxyethyl cellulose (Polyquaternium 10, e.g., by Dow Chemicals), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, etc.
  • Thickening agents are typically at a concentration of at least 0.1 wt.%; at most 10 wt.%; and optionally between 0.5 wt.% and 5 wt.% by weight of the aqueous phase or single-phase.
  • the zeta potential of the hair styling composition at its pH (or i) should preferably be more negative or more positive than a zeta potential of the mammalian hair fibers (or zi) at the same pH.
  • the ingredients used in the composition may provide, in addition to any other function, sufficient charging of the composition to achieve such a gradient of zeta potential values.
  • pH modifying agents, wetting agents and/or amine-based cross-linkers may contribute to suitable charging of the oil-in water emulsion.
  • an agent dedicated to this effect referred to as a charge modifying agent
  • a charge modifying agent can be added to the composition.
  • a water-insoluble, non-reactive amino-silicone oils may be added to the oil phase of the emulsion to modulate its zeta potential.
  • the difference between the zeta potential of the composition z and the zeta potential of the hair fibers zi also termed the zeta differential or delta zeta potential (Dz) is in absolute terms at least 10 mV, at least 15 mV, at least 20 mV, at least 25 mV, at least 30 mV, or at least 40 mV.
  • Dz absolute value is within a range of 10 to 80 mV, 10 to 70 mV, 10 to 60 mV, 15 to 80 mV, 15 to 70 mV, 15 to 60 mV, 20 to 80 mV, 20 to 70 mV, 20 to 60 mV, 25 to 80 mV, 25 to 70 mV, 25 to 60 mV, 30 to 80 mV, 30 to 70 mV, 30 to 60 mV, 35 to 80 mV, 35 to 70 mV, or 35 to 60 mV.
  • composition may also comprise any other additive customary to cosmetic compositions, such as preservatives, antioxidants, bactericides, fungicides, chelating agents, vitamins and fragrances, or customary to hair styling compositions, such as hair detangling agents and hair conditioning agents, the nature and concentration of which need not be further detailed herein.
  • customary to cosmetic compositions such as preservatives, antioxidants, bactericides, fungicides, chelating agents, vitamins and fragrances
  • customary to hair styling compositions such as hair detangling agents and hair conditioning agents, the nature and concentration of which need not be further detailed herein.
  • composition may also comprise any other additive customary to the form in which the hair styling composition is to be applied, such as propellants if the composition is to be sprayed, the nature and concentration of which need not be further detailed herein.
  • the mixing and/or emulsification of the aforesaid materials can be performed by any method known in the art. While manual shaking may suffice, various equipment, such as a vortex, an overhead stirrer, a magnetic stirrer, an ultrasonic disperser, a high shear homogenizer, a sonicator and a planetary centrifugal mill, to name a few, can be used, typically providing more uniform compositions, for instance more homogenous populations of oil droplets in the aqueous phase of an oil-in- water emulsion.
  • various equipment such as a vortex, an overhead stirrer, a magnetic stirrer, an ultrasonic disperser, a high shear homogenizer, a sonicator and a planetary centrifugal mill, to name a few, can be used, typically providing more uniform compositions, for instance more homogenous populations of oil droplets in the aqueous phase of an oil-in- water emulsion.
  • the hair styling composition can be prepared by mixing or emulsifying the contents of an NAF compartment and an aqueous compartment, this combination being performed soon after each of the respective parts are ready.
  • the mixing of the two compartments can be deferred.
  • the composition comprises NAF(s) and at least one curing facilitator (e.g., a cross-linker) prone to separate into distinct phases in a complete final composition, it may be desired to allow pre-polymerization of such materials in a same polymerizable compartment.
  • the pre-polymerization step is performed on a sole mixture of NAF(s), either alone or in the presence of curing facilitators, and not on the entire contents of an NAF compartment if due to include additional materials that may adversely affect the process or simply delay it.
  • self pre -polymerization is performed on the NAF(s) alone, prior to its combination with the curing facilitators or any other component of the NAF compartment.
  • self pre-polymerization of the NAF monomers is believed to occur by the opening of the double bond(s) under suitable conditions (e.g., elevated temperatures), forming radicals that are available for polymerization with other NAF molecules, via addition-polymerization.
  • Such pre-polymerization if needed, should have a long enough duration to prevent the separation of the monomers and the curing facilitators into distinct phases upon mixing with additives of the NAF compartment and/or with the contents of an aqueous compartment to an extent significantly delaying polymerization within the hair fibers following application of the mixed composition.
  • the pre -polymerization should be short enough so that the oligomers that may form in this process (whether of cross-linkers or monomers by themselves or of cross- linkers and monomers) remain sufficiently small to penetrate within the hair fibers following application of the composition.
  • pre-polymerization results in the formation of oligomers (regardless of composition) at the expense of the relevant building blocks (e.g., monomers and/or cross-linkers) present in the pre-polymerized compartment.
  • This process can be monitored by a viscosity of the pre-polymerized mixture of monomers and curing facilitators increasing with time.
  • the pre-polymerization step can be performed at ambient conditions, such as at room temperature, but it can be further accelerated by any mean adapted to induce and/or enhance polymerization, for instance by heating of the mixture.
  • the pre-polymerization step can be performed in an inert atmosphere, such as under argon or nitrogen, in order to reduce or eliminate any environmental components that could interfere with the pre-polymerization reaction (e.g ., oxygen).
  • the conditions for pre-polymerization, if performed, can depend on the type of NAF, as well as on the selected cross-linker.
  • pre-polymerization can be performed at a temperature between 20°C and 60°C, between 25°C and 60°C, between 30°C and 60°C, or between 40°C and 60°C, or at higher temperatures, such as between 100°C and 150°C or between 150°C and 200°C, and for at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 50 minutes, at least 60 minutes, at least 120 minutes or at least 180 minutes.
  • the duration of pre-polymerization does not exceed 24 hours, 18 hours or 12 hours, when performed at relatively mild temperature, but can be shortened if performed at relatively higher temperatures (e.g., between 150°C and 200°C) which may require less than 8 hours, less than 5 hours or less than 4 hours.
  • additives can optionally be added to the pre-polymerized compartment, and/or an aqueous compartment can be combined therewith to form the hair styling composition.
  • the hair styling composition (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) can be readily applied following its preparation or within a time period during which it remains suitably stable and potent. For instance, if an emulsion, the composition can be applied as long as the oil droplets are within their desired size range (e.g., of no more than a few micrometers, typically less than 10 pm), provided that the NAFs have not fully polymerized in vitro. More generally, the hair styling composition can be used as long as a sufficient amount of NAFs is available to at least partially penetrate the hair fiber, so as to polymerize therein.
  • desired size range e.g., of no more than a few micrometers, typically less than 10 pm
  • the single phase composition or the emulsion is applied to the hair fibers within at most 30 minutes from its dissolution or emulsification, or within at most 20 minutes, at most 10 minutes, or at most 5 minutes.
  • residual moisture can be removed from the hair. This removal of water molecules from the hair fibers, typically achieved by heating of the hair, is believed to break hydrogen bonds that may have formed either on the cuticle scales’ surface and/or within the hair shaft.
  • any residual materials that may be present on the hair such as hair products, dirt or grease, can be removed from the fibers to clean the hair. This can be done by applying cleaning products, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. If desired, the hair fibers can be cleaned, then dried, prior to the application of the hair styling composition.
  • residual moisture refers to water that is present either on the outer surface of the cuticle scales, between and/or below the scales (i.e., in the cortex or medulla), originating from the hair being exposed to humidity (e.g., to ambient humidity or as a result of hair wetting). Understandably, complete removal of residual moisture is very difficult to realize, as the hair is always exposed to ambient humidity which is rarely null. Nevertheless, low levels of residual moisture are achievable, or can be temporarily achieved by applying energy, mainly thermal (i.e., heat), to the hair.
  • energy mainly thermal (i.e., heat)
  • Heat sufficient to achieve minor levels of residual moisture can be applied to the hair by any conventional method, e.g., using a hair dryer or a flat or curling iron for enough time. Regardless of the method employed to reduce the amount of water molecules in the hair, such a step can alternatively be referred to as a drying treatment or step.
  • a drying pre-treatment When considering hair having at least a wavy appearance, one can readily visually assess that enough hydrogen bonds are broken by a drying pre-treatment, as sufficient drying results in a transient relaxation of the waves, the hair fibers being eventually completely flattened at the end of such a step, if so desired.
  • the duration of a drying pre-treatment can be arbitrarily set as a function of the drying device being used and the temperature it may apply to the hair fibers.
  • drying the hair fibers can be performed by heating areas of the hair fibers up to a temperature of at least 40°C, at least 50°C, at least 70°C, at least 80°C, or at least 100°C for no more than 5 seconds at a time, such drying treatment taking up to 5 minutes for hair swatches when the heating proceeds from one end of the swatch to the other.
  • the residual moisture level following such a drying treatment (if performed) and/or prior to application of the present compositions is at most 5 wt.%, at most 4 wt.%, at most 3 wt.%, at most 2 wt.% or at most 1 wt.% by weight of the hair fibers.
  • Such amount can be determined by standard methods, using, for instance, thermogravimetric analysis, or near infrared technologies, such as opto-thermal transient emission radiometry.
  • the heating that may inter alia contribute to the cleavage of hydrogen bonds within the keratin polymer and/or within the materials of the hair styling composition having penetrated the hair fibers, is the one a) optionally applied during the application of the composition (e.g ., the composition being heated prior to its application); b) optionally applied during the incubation of the composition on the hair fibers; and/or c) applied during the styling of the hair fibers following the application of the composition. Regardless of its effect on hydrogen bonds, if any, the heating promotes the diffusion rate of the monomers / oligomers and/or the curing of the polymer within the hair fibers.
  • the hair styling composition e.g., oil-in-water emulsion
  • the hair fibers is applied to the hair fibers, and maintained on the hair typically for a period of at least 5 minutes, allowing the cuticle scales to swell and open, and thus granting the NAFs and the curing facilitators, if present, access into the hair shaft.
  • the molecules participating in or facilitating the internal polymerization e.g., NAFs, curing facilitators, co-solvents
  • the molecules participating in or facilitating the internal polymerization preferably have a molecular diameter of less than 2 nm, less than 1.8 nm or less than 1.6 nm.
  • the monomers can bond to at least part of the broken hydrogen bonds in the hair fibers, preventing them from re-forming in their prior native state upon exposure to water.
  • the NAFs monomers may additionally, or alternatively, polymerize without being bonded to the previously broken hydrogen bonds. Regardless of the mechanism of action, polymers resulting from the curing of the monomers having impregnated the hair fibers are able to constrain the hair fibers in their new shape. It is believed that the cured composition of the invention prevents water (either ambient or applied during wetting) from accessing the hair, reducing or delaying the ability of hydrogen bonds to form again, deferring the ability of the hair to revert to its native shape.
  • the method is described in terms of breakage of hydrogen bonds and subsequent blockage of the broken bonds by attachment to NAFs or other ingredients that may thereafter polymerize, this is not meant to rule out any additional rationale underlying the observed styling effect.
  • the composition is allowed to remain in contact or is maintained applied on the hair fibers for a period of at least 10 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 35 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 45 minutes, or at least 50 minutes.
  • the time period during which the composition remains applied on the hair fibers is of at most 12 hours, at most 10 hours, at most 5 hours, at most 2 hours, or at most 1 hour.
  • the composition is maintained on the hair fibers for a period of time between 5 minutes and 30 minutes, 10 minutes and 60 minutes, 30 minutes and 12 hours, between 30 minutes and 5 hours, between 40 minutes and 2 hours, or between 50 minutes and 2 hours. It is to be noted that conventional straightening methods may sometimes require longer period of times, some requiring 3-4 hours, or even 6-8 hours of application.
  • the composition can remain applied on the hair fibers at an ambient temperature ( circa 23 °C), but this step can alternatively be performed at an elevated temperature of at least about 30°C, or at least about 40°C.
  • the temperature at which the composition can remain in contact with the hair fibers is of at most about 60°C, at most about 55°C or at most about 50°C.
  • the liquid composition is maintained on the hair fibers in a temperature range between 15°C and 23°C, between 23°C and 60°C, between 25°C and 55°C, or between 25°C and 50°C.
  • the monomers are subsequently at least partially cured, optionally in the presence of the curing facilitators, by application of energy, so as to effect at least partial polymerization.
  • the resulting polymer Upon polymerization of the NAFs, as can be more readily assessed within the liquid composition than within the hair fibers, the resulting polymer develops increasing glass transition temperature ( Tg ).
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the resulting polymer upon complete curing, has a Tg of at least 50°C, at least 100°C, at least 150°C, or at least 200°C.
  • Tg allows the polymerized NAFs to remain intact under hot weather conditions, when washing the hair with hot water (around 45 °C), or even when being in an environment of elevated temperature, such as in a sauna (around 70°C).
  • the synthetic polymer having formed within the hair fiber thanks to its Tg , remains unaffected by such conditions or treatments, so is the modified shape of the hair achieved using the compositions and methods according to the present teachings.
  • the energy allowing for at least partial curing of the composition is a thermal energy, applied at a temperature of at least about 80°C, at least about 100°C, at least about 120°C or at least about 140°C.
  • the heating temperature is at most 220°C, or at most 200°C.
  • the temperature applied to achieve at least partial curing is in a range between 80°C and 220°C, between 100°C and 220°C, between 120°C and 220°C, or between 140°C and 200°C. It should be appreciated that the temperature provided by a heating device in order to at least partially cure the monomers is generally higher than the temperature perceived by the hair fibers.
  • the temperature of the hair fiber could eventually reach the temperature of heating, thi is not generally the case and the temperature of the hair fibers at which curing may take place is typically of at least about 45°C, at least about 50°C, at least about 55°C, or at least about 60°C.
  • the temperature of the hair fibers during the at least partial curing step is desirably of no more than 180°C, no more than 140°C, or no more than 100°C.
  • the at least partial curing can be effected while styling the hair into the desired shape, e.g., by a hair dryer, or a flat or curling iron, so as to modify the native shape.
  • This step during which the hair fibers are mechanically constrained in a dynamic or static way to modify their shape (e.g., being pulled over a comb or brush, rolled on a roller, or contacted by a styling iron), can therefore alternatively be referred to as the styling step.
  • the time needed to reach at least partial curing at such temperatures is generally brief.
  • an area of individual hair fibers perceiving a temperature of 100°C or more may locally provide the partial polymerization of NAFs therein within a few seconds, whereas hair fibers reaching a lower temperature of about 50°C may require up to a few minutes (e.g., five minutes).
  • the duration of time hair should be subjected to heating, hence should be perceiving a particular temperature adapted for curing, may depend on the shape of the hair to be modified and the new shape to be formed. A relatively mild modification may require less time than a relatively more dramatic change of shape.
  • a duration of time during which hair fibers should be at a suitable temperature can be independently tested in vitro by subjecting the oil phase of the composition due to be dissolved or emulsified to a temperature intended for the hair treatment, measuring the time it takes for the liquid phase to start solidifying (i.e., curing).
  • the amount of time allocated for the partial curing step would depend inter alia on the type of hair, its density on the scalp and its length, as well as on the device used to deliver the heat and its degree.
  • partial curing may take a few minutes, but generally no more than an hour.
  • the duration of time provided herein generally referring to periods suitable to any amount of hair fibers that can be simultaneously treated. If an entire hair scalp is to be treated step-wisely by repeating a same treatment for different batches of hair fibers, then the duration of treatment for the entire scalp may amount to the sum of durations due for the actual number of individual repeats of simultaneous treatments. For illustration, if five minutes are required to simultaneously treat a first batch of hair fibers, and an entire hair scalp is constituted of four such batches, then the treatment will be completed within about 20 minutes.
  • Rinsed fibers Prior to the at least partial curing, excesses of the liquid composition are optionally removed from the outer surface of the hair fibers by rinsing the fibers with a rinsing liquid, so as to prevent formation of a thick coating on the surface of the hair fibers, and thus avoiding a tacky and coarse feel to the hair.
  • Rinsed fibers may also display improved heat transfer, accelerating partial curing therein.
  • a second composition consisting of curing facilitators can be applied to the hair fibers impregnated with the NAFs.
  • the composition that may be used in this optional step can be referred to as a curing composition. It may contain the same curing facilitators, selected from cross-linkers and curing accelerators previously described for the hair styling composition, and typically the curing composition consists of curing accelerators.
  • the curing facilitators e.g., the curing accelerators
  • the curing composition can be present in the curing composition in excess amount (e.g., at 5 wt.%) allowing the application of the curing composition to the hair fibers to be relatively brief (e.g., between 5 and 15 minutes, or less).
  • the curing composition may additionally serve to rinse the fibers in addition to or instead of a rinsing solution.
  • the hair fibers may optionally undergo further curing by application of further energy, preferably heat, to ensure additional curing of the composition.
  • further energy can be applied by the use of the above-mentioned styling instmments, e.g., hair dryer, or styling iron.
  • the further curing can be performed at temperatures as described for the at least partial curing of the third step, typically for a duration of time significantly longer than for partial curing.
  • the hair fibers can be maintained, unwashed, to reduce exposure to water, allowing curing to further proceed, if applicable.
  • the period during which washing of the hair fibers can be avoided may depend on the type of hair, the composition applied thereto, the procedure used to modify the native shape, the temperature, the relative humidity, the desired modified shape and the desired duration of said modification.
  • washing of the hair may take place at least 18 hours after the termination of the at least partial curing (e.g., styling including mechanical constraint) or optional further curing step (e.g., heating without mechanical constraint).
  • washing can be deferred for at least 24 hours, for at least 36 hours, or for at least 48 hours.
  • washing of hair styled according to the present method takes place within at most a week from styling.
  • Hair styled according to the invention can be washed with any shampoo, not being restricted to the use of a particular one to avoid ruining the styling effect, as often necessary for conventional methods. Nevertheless, regular shampoos can be improved by including curing facilitators.
  • Fig. 1 schematically depicts a FIB-SEM image of a clean hair fiber, wherein the cuticle scales 11 (being illustrated by sparsely dotted areas) are layered one on top of the other, separated by dark lines possibly indicative of cuticle-cuticle cell membrane complex (CMC).
  • CMC cuticle-cuticle cell membrane complex
  • FIG. 2 schematically depicts a FIB-SEM image of a hair treated with a hair styling composition of the present invention, following curing.
  • the cured composition 20 (marked by the dashed areas) is clearly visible located between the cuticle scales 21 (marked by the sparsely dotted areas) of a treated hair fiber.
  • the methods of the present invention provide for durable hair styling, which keeps the hair fibers in the desired shape even after the hair is exposed to moisture - whether to water originating from the atmosphere humidity or following wetting or washing of the hair.
  • the hair styling can be maintained for long periods of time, wherein the styled shape is not affected in a significantly detectable manner even after 5 shampoo washes or more.
  • the hair styling composition and method according to the present teachings provide long lasting modification of the hair shape, as evidenced by the ability of the treated hair to withstand 10 or more shampoo washes, 20 or more shampoo washes, 30 or more shampoo washes, 40 or more shampoo washes, or 50 or more shampoo washes.
  • compositions and methods are particularly beneficial for long lasting hair styling, for which the alternatives are typically deleterious to the hair and often to the health, they may additionally or alternatively be used for short term hair styling, the hair fibers regaining their native original shape following 2 to 4 shampoo washes.
  • this transient scattered coating is relatively thin, usually not exceeding an initial thickness of 1 pm, often being less than 0.5 pm thick, which in itself distinguishes hair fibers treated according to the present teachings from conventional styling methods relying on continuous external coatings of a few ' microns to constrain the fibers in a desirable shape.
  • this transient thin coating of the hair fibers may temporarily protect the inner shaft so that the monomers having penetrated therein can further their curing, strengthening their polymerization, thus extending the hair styling durability.
  • the styling of hair according to the present method is maintained in absence of the transient coat.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B are FIB-SEM images of a hair fiber treated by application of emulsion NAF12, followed by straightening of the hair and 5 washing cycles, both procedures are described in Examples 5 and 6 below.
  • the images are of the same hair fiber, at a magnification of x20K, and they were taken at a voltage of E2 kV (Fig. 6A) and 10 KV (Fig. 6B), with the ionized gallium bombarding the sample at 30 kV and 300 pA.
  • Charging the fiber with a lower voltage, as done for Fig. 6A provides a more distinct view of the cuticles 61, wherein a higher
  • compositions providing for a modified shape able to resist 5 to 9 shampoo washes can be referred to as having a short term styling effect.
  • a composition providing for a wash resistance of 10-49 shampoo cycles is said to provide for a semi-permanent styling, whereas compositions providing wash resistance to more than 50 shampoos can be said to provide permanent styling.
  • compositions and methods are particularly beneficial for long lasting hair styling, for which the alternatives are typically deleterious to the hair and often to the health, they may additionally or alternatively be used for short term hair styling, the hair fibers regaining their native original shape following 2 to 4 shampoo washes.
  • Fig. 3 depicts the results of a DSC study showing that traditional hair straightening methods are damaging to the hair and illustrating the impact expected from an innocuous hair styling composition of the present invention.
  • the curve of a sample of hair fibers as would appear if treated with a composition of the present invention is comparable to the curve of untreated, native hair sample, indicating no significant structural changes, hence damage to the hair.
  • the DSC curves of commercial hair straightening methods show substantial changes from the native hair sample curve, indicating structural changes, which are to be expected when using such drastic hair styling methods.
  • the DSC study which can be carried out to establish by thermal analysis innocuity of present compositions is further detailed in Example 9 below.
  • hair fibers treated by the compositions according to the present teachings are expected to display at least one endotherm temperature within 4°C, within 3°C, within 2°C, or within 1°C from similar untreated fibers, as measured by thermal analysis.
  • the non-damaging effect of the present compositions to hair fibers treated therewith can be confirmed or alternatively established by tensile testing, wherein various mechanical parameters can be compared between treated and similar untreated hair fibers, as described in Example 10 below. While fibers styled using conventional organic straightening are expected to show inferior mechanical properties compared to untreated fibers, fibers treated according to the present invention may display behavior similar or even superior to untreated fibers of similar nature. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, such improved properties, or at least absence of significant deterioration, are believed to stem from the presence of a polymerized version of the NAFs within the inner parts of the hair fibers.
  • One mechanical parameter, where hair fibers treated by the present invention are expected to be at least as good as untreated hairs relates to the pressure (or force per cross-sectional area) required to break the hair, or break stress, measured at the break point in a strain-stress curve.
  • a second mechanical parameter is hair toughness, which estimates the amount of energy the hair can absorb before breaking (i.e., the area under a strain-stress curve).
  • Elastic modulus is another mechanical parameter, indicating the hair fibers’ resistance to elastic deformation, where fibers treated by the present methods are expected to be at least comparable to untreated hair.
  • the hair fibers treated by the compositions according to the present teachings when measured by tensile strength analysis, display at least one of: i) a break stress of at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 25% greater than the break stress of similar untreated fibers; and ii) a toughness of 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, 110% or more, 115% or more, or 120% or more of similar untreated hair fibers.
  • Fig. 5A shows an image of a natural, untreated curly black hair tuft, in which twists (e.g ., peaks and dips) in the hair fibers are clearly detectable.
  • Fig. 5B shows an image of a sample of curly black hair, as would appear if treated with a hair styling composition described in the present invention, and straightened with a flat iron, the hair fibers showing a drastic decrease in the number of twists as compared to the untreated reference.
  • the present compositions allow restyling without necessitating application of a new composition.
  • the method serving to modify the shape of the hair fibers from a native shape to a first modified shape the hair fibers can be reshaped to a second modified shape. This can be achieved by bringing the hair fibers to a temperature above the Tg or softening temperature of the polymer formed during the first shaping, hence affording what may be referred to as “at least partial softening”.
  • the hair fibers are formed in a desired second shape.
  • the polymer is then allowed to regain a constraining structure adapted to retain the second shape, by allowing the temperature to decrease below its Tg or softening temperature while the hairs are maintained in the desired shape.
  • the temperature can alternatively be actively lowered, for instance by blowing cool air on the hair.
  • the second modified shape can be the same or different than the first modified shape. While this innovative restyling method has been described with respect to the softening of the polymer having previously penetrated within the fibers, it is believed that the heating applied to achieve such softening may additionally serve to decrease the water content. As previously explained, the elimination of residual water may, in turn, affect hydrogen bonding, enhancing the effect of the polymer having reformed upon cessation of its softening.
  • the present compositions allow “de-styling” when desired, by which it is meant that the hair fibers treated according to the present invention can regain their original shape without waiting for the effect of styling to vanish with time or for the regrowth of naturally shaped hair fibers.
  • This can be achieved by subjecting the previously styled hair fibers to a temperature above the Tg or softening temperature of the polymer in the presence of water for a sufficient amount of time for the temperature to soften the polymer, and the water to penetrate the fibers.
  • de styling treatment could result in the softening of the polymer, thus possibly allowing a certain degree of cleavage of bonds that the polymer may have formed with moieties of the hair fibers prone to form hydrogen bonding.
  • the presence of water during the de-styling treatment enables penetration of such molecules into the hair, resulting in the reformation of at least part of the hydrogen bonds naturally occurring in the untreated hair.
  • the de styling can be partial or complete, the hair accordingly returning less or more closely to its original shape.
  • the de-styling process is believed to only affect the shape of the polymers remaining within the hair shaft, therefore, following de-styling, the hair fibers can, if desired, undergo an additional styling treatment, as previously described for restyling.
  • the Tg or softening temperature of the synthetic polymer within the hair fibers can be empirically assessed, for example in vitro.
  • a sample of the hair to be restyled or de-styled can be collected from the hair scalp to be treated by such methods and placed in the intended re- / de- styling liquid (e.g., water).
  • the hair fibers of the sample have a particular modified shape.
  • Temperature can be gradually raised and the ability of such temperature to relax the shape monitored.
  • a temperature is deemed suitable for the at least partial softening of the polymer when the hair fibers lose their modified shape and revert towards their native shape.
  • a suitable temperature may also depend on the duration of the sample incubation, and in some embodiments, the Tg or softening temperature of the polymer is at least 40°C, at least 50°C, or at least 60°C, such softening temperature generally not exceeding 80°C.
  • the duration of time the hair fibers should be subjected to such temperatures to achieve restyling or de- styling can be similarly determined. Typically, such treatments last at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 40 minutes, at least 50 minutes, or at least 60 minutes, generally not exceeding 4 hours or 3 hours, relatively higher temperatures requiring relatively shorter softening times.
  • the hair styling compositions can be sold with guidance concerning the temperature and time needed to effect restyling or de-styling if desired.
  • the present compositions and methods are suitable for the styling of growing hair.
  • the synthetic polymer formed by a first application of the hair styling composition is expected to be located in the segments of the hair fibers available above scalp at the time of application of the monomers. With time and hair growth, such segments are to be found more and more distal from the scalp, while the newly grown hair segments adjacent to the scalp would be devoid of such inner styling skeleton. It is believed that hair styling compositions applied at a later time following such hair growth would probably act mainly on the newly grown segments, the earlier treated segments being already “occupied” by previously formed synthetic polymer.
  • the existing polymer can permit restyling or de-styling of the fibers, it may functionally merge with a polymer that would be newly formed in the new segments, providing a “styling continuity” along the entire fiber, preexisting and newly grown.
  • the present invention further provides a liquid composition for styling mammalian hair fibers, wherein the liquid composition is a single -phase composition comprising: at least one NAF monomer, as herein described; water; and one or more co- solvents; the liquid composition having a pH adapted to facilitate the penetration of the NAF monomers within the hair fibers.
  • the present invention further provides a liquid composition for styling mammalian hair fibers, wherein the liquid composition is a curable oil-in-water emulsion comprising: an oil phase containing at least one NAF monomer, as herein described; and an aqueous phase containing water at a pH adapted to facilitate the penetration of the NAF within the hair fibers; each of the oil phase and the aqueous phase optionally further comprising one or more co-solvents; the oil phase being dispersed within the aqueous phase and the oil-in-water emulsion having a pH adapted to facilitate the penetration of the monomer within the hair fibers.
  • the liquid composition is a curable oil-in-water emulsion comprising: an oil phase containing at least one NAF monomer, as herein described; and an aqueous phase containing water at a pH adapted to facilitate the penetration of the NAF within the hair fibers; each of the oil phase and the aqueous phase optionally further comprising one or more co-solvent
  • the single-phase composition or the oil-in-water emulsion optionally further contains at least one curing facilitator selected from a cross-linker and a curing accelerator, as described above and further detailed herein.
  • the liquid hair styling composition (e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) optionally further contains at least one additive, selected from a group comprising an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, an auxiliary polymerization agent and a charge modifying agent, as described above and further detailed herein.
  • at least one additive selected from a group comprising an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, an auxiliary polymerization agent and a charge modifying agent, as described above and further detailed herein.
  • the hair styling compositions according to the present teachings are devoid of known carcinogenic compounds.
  • the hair styling composition contains permissible trace amounts of such compounds, which depending on jurisdiction can be less than 0.5 wt.% formaldehyde, less than 0.2 wt.% formaldehyde, less than 0.1 wt.% formaldehyde, or even below permissible regulatory levels of less than 0.05 wt.% formaldehyde, less than 0.01 wt.% formaldehyde, less than 0.005 wt.% formaldehyde, less than 0.001 wt.% formaldehyde, or no formaldehyde, by weight of the composition.
  • SRA molecules need not be aldehyde per se and can be of additional chemical families as long as being able to form (e.g., by hydrolysis, degradation, reaction, and the like) deleterious aldehydes including formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Such formation can be triggered by conditions often encountered in hair styling, such as upon application of heat. Some of such precursors can entirely convert into formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, one molecule of SRA yielding, optionally via intermediate products, one or more molecules of formaldehyde under ideal conditions, which may be extreme, whereas other precursors may convert only in part. Heximinium salts are one example of the latter.
  • the hair styling composition contains less than 0.5 wt.% SRA, less than 0.2 wt.% SRA, less than 0.1 wt.% SRA, less than 0.05 wt.% SRA, less than 0.01 wt.% SRA, less than 0.005 wt.% SRA, less than 0.001 wt.% SRA, or no SRA, by weight of the composition.
  • the hair styling composition will be deemed to be essentially free of SRA molecules if containing or producing during the hair styling method (e.g., upon heating of the composition) undetectable levels of formaldehyde.
  • formaldehyde reacts with hair proteins, its substantial absence from the present hair styling compositions results in a corresponding absence of its reaction products in the treated hair fibers.
  • reaction products of formaldehyde depend on the amino acid it is reacting with, and, by way of example, reaction with cysteine yields thiazolidine and hemithioacetal, reaction with homocysteine yields thiazinane and hemithioacetal, reaction with threonin yields oxozolidine, and reaction with homoserine yields 1,3-oxazinane.
  • reaction products can be detected in hair fibers by standard methods, including by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
  • mammalian hair fibers styled according to the present methods, or with the present compositions can be characterized by containing less than 0.2 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, less than 0.05 wt.%, less than 0.01 wt.%, less than 0.005 wt.%, less than 0.001 wt.%, or being significantly devoid of reaction products between formaldehyde and amino acids.
  • the mammalian hair fibers treated according to the present teachings contain undetectable levels of at least one of thiazolidine, hemithioacetal, thiazinane, oxozolidine, and 1,3-oxazinane, as can be measured by NMR.
  • cysteine may account for up to 18% of the amino acid repeats of normal human keratin protein
  • the absence of thiazolidine and/or hemithioacetal in the hair fibers might be the most significant marker(s) for the corresponding absence of formaldehyde and formaldehyde forming products in the composition previously used to treat the hair.
  • the hair styling composition is substantially devoid of amino acids, peptides and/or proteins.
  • Proteins absent from the present compositions can be naturally occurring proteins, such as keratin and collagen, or synthetic and/or modified ( e.g . , hydrolyzed) forms thereof, and the lacking peptides may be smaller fragments of such proteins.
  • such peptides may be named according to the larger protein they may be part of, and for instance can be referred to as keratin-related peptides or collagen-related peptides, when considering the proteins most frequently used in hair treatment.
  • compositions according to the present invention are substantially devoid of such substances, if amino acids, peptides or proteins, and in particular keratin, collagen and their related peptides, constitute no more than 1 wt.% of the composition, their respective concentration being preferably of no more than 0.5 wt.%, of no more than 0.1 wt.%, or of no more than 0.05 wt.% by weight of the hair styling composition.
  • such substances are substantially absent (e.g., at about 0 wt.%) from the composition, accordingly.
  • the presence or absence of such biomolecules can be determined by standard methods, for example by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and related techniques, including for instance with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF).
  • MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
  • MALDI-TOF time-of-flight mass spectrometer
  • mammalian hair fibers styled according to the present methods can be additionally or alternatively characterized by being significantly devoid of peptides and proteins, other than naturally formed ones. If the hair fibers were treated by a conventional method using naturally occurring proteins or related peptide fragments thereof, then hair fibers styled according to the present methods can in contrast be characterized by being significantly devoid of peptides of proteins naturally occurring in the hair fibers.
  • mammalian hair fibers comprising in their inner part at least partially cured NAFs of the present invention, forming a synthetic polymer within the fiber, can be characterized by at least one of the following features: i) having less than 0.2 wt.% of a reaction product of formaldehyde and amino acids, the reaction product being selected from a group comprising thiazolidine, hemithioacetal, thiazinane, oxozolidine, and 1,3-oxazinane thiazolidine, by weight of the hair fibers; ii) displaying at least one endotherm temperature within 4°C, within 3°C, within 2°C, or within 1°C from untreated hair fibers, as measured by thermal analysis such as DSC; iii) having a break stress of at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 25% greater than the break stress of similar untreated fibers, as measured by tensile analysis; iv) having a toughness of 95% or
  • the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least feature i) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least feature ii) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least feature iii) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least feature iv) as above listed.
  • the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least features i) and ii) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least features i) and iii) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least features i) and iv) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least the features i) and v) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least features iii) and iv) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least the features i), iii) and iv) as above listed.
  • the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least the features i), ii), iii), and iv) as above listed. In one embodiment, the mammalian hair fibers fulfill at least the features i), ii), iii), iv) and v) as above listed.
  • the present invention also provides a kit for styling mammalian hair fibers, the kit comprising: a) a first compartment containing at least one NAF monomer; and b) a second compartment containing either: i. water at a pH adapted to facilitate the penetration of the NAF(s) monomers within the hair fibers, or ii. at least one pH modifying agent; wherein the mixing of said compartments’ contents produces the hair styling composition (e.g ., single-phase or oil-in-water emulsion) described above and further detailed herein.
  • the hair styling composition e.g ., single-phase or oil-in-water emulsion
  • the components of the kit are packaged and kept in the various compartments under an inert environment, preferably under an inert gas, e.g. , argon or nitrogen, and/or under any other suitable conditions preventing or reducing during the storage of the kit adverse reactions that may diminish efficacy of the composition.
  • an inert gas e.g. , argon or nitrogen
  • the kit should be stored at temperatures that would not induce polymerization, such as below 30°C, below 27 °C or below 25 °C.
  • the at least one NAF monomer is pre-polymerized prior to its placing in the kit.
  • the first compartment is maintained in an inert environment, preferably under an inert gas, e.g., argon or nitrogen.
  • the kit may further comprise at least one curing facilitator, being a condensation cross linker or an addition cross-linker.
  • the curing facilitator may also be a curing accelerator as described above, used to facilitate the polymerization.
  • the curing facilitator (being a cross linker or a curing accelerator) may be placed in the first or second compartment, depending on its reactivity with any one of the components of these compartments. For example, acrylate cross-linkers do not react with the NAF monomer at room temperature, and therefore can be contained in the first compartment. Alternatively, if the curing facilitator tends to spontaneously react with any one of the components, it may be placed in a separate compartment.
  • the kit may optionally further contain at least one of a co-solvent, an emulsifier, a wetting agent, a thickening agent, an auxiliary polymerization agent and a charge modifying agent, as previously detailed, which can be included in any one of the compartments described above, or in a separate additional compartment.
  • a co-solvent e.g., oily components
  • a thickening agent e.g., water
  • auxiliary polymerization agent e.g., a auxiliary polymerization agent
  • a charge modifying agent as previously detailed, which can be included in any one of the compartments described above, or in a separate additional compartment.
  • oil- soluble components are preferably placed in compartments containing mostly oily components (e.g., the first compartment)
  • water-soluble components are preferably placed in compartments containing mostly aqueous components (e.g., the second compartment).
  • the kit typically includes a leaflet guiding the end-user on the manner of mixing the various compartments, the order of which may depend on the nature of the ingredients and/or the contents of the respective compartments.
  • the proposed method of mixing and application shall enable the preparation of an effective and safe composition, to be applied within a time period suitable for its potency and intended use.
  • the leaflet may indicate first mixing of the curing facilitator with the NAFs monomers, then adding the contents of the aqueous compartment.
  • a curing facilitator is present but is not a silane derivative, it may be included in the first compartment rendering the need for a separate third compartment superfluous.
  • the ingredients of the various compartments are mixed, as may be instructed in such a leaflet, prior to the application of the final hair styling composition on the hair fibers.
  • the obtained composition may be used immediately, or maintained, un-applied, for up to 3 hours, up to 2.5 hours, up to 2 hours, up to 1.5 hours or up to 1 hour, prior to its application on the hair fibers.
  • the composition may be applied relatively later and/or for a shorter period of time than when a longer lasting styling is desired.
  • AMEO may be used to refer to Dynasylan ® AMEO and IPA to refer to isopropyl alcohol.
  • IP A isopropyl alcohol
  • Aqueous mixture :
  • Alkaline water having a pH of 10 was prepared by combining 100 g of deionized water with 5 drops of ammonium hydroxide, amounting to about 0.075 g of the base. In a separate 100 ml plastic cup, 15.8 g of alkaline water at a pH of 10 were mixed by hand with 2 g IPA for about 10 seconds.
  • the contents of the vial containing the pre-polymerized NAF mixture (also termed the NAF compartment) were added to the cup containing the aqueous mixture (also termed the aqueous compartment) and vigorously mixed together by hand for about 10 seconds until an emulsion was obtained (“milky” appearance).
  • composition ( NAF1 ) is reported in Table 2, which presents additional compositions prepared according to the above procedure, each composition containing different ingredients, additives and amounts thereof in each of the two compartments, as specified in the table.
  • the values reported in the table correspond to the concentration of each ingredient in weight% (wt.%) by weight of the total emulsion.
  • the emulsions so prepared all having a pH in a range of about 9-11, were stored at room temperature until further use, their application to hair samples being typically performed within 1 minute from their respective emulsification. Following their application to hair samples, the emulsions so prepared are expected to polymerize predominantly by condensation curing.
  • compositions NAF2, NAF3 and NAF4 were measured using a Zetasizer Nano Z (by Malvern Instruments) with a folded capillary cell DTS1070 and found to be -47.1 mV, -32.9 mV and -15.4 mV respectively, demonstrating that the compositions of the present invention yield at their respective pH a zeta potential that is significantly more positive compared to that of native hair fibers, whose zeta potential is known to be around -70 mV at pH 10.
  • the presence of aldehydes, and specifically formaldehyde in the obtained compositions can be checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), according to standard methods (e.g., NIOSH 2539 for aldehydes in general and NIOSH 2541 specifically for formaldehyde).
  • Samples of the compositions can be heated in order to assess the formation of formaldehyde at various temperatures (e.g., heating to 220°C to induce at least partial curing).
  • the aldehydes and formaldehyde concentrations are expected to be less than 0.2 wt.%, and even below the level of detection, namely less than 1 ppm (z ' .e., less than 0.0001 wt.%).
  • hair fibers treated using the same are accordingly essentially free of such materials.
  • Example 2 Hair styling compositions containing NAFs A new series of oil-in-water emulsions was prepared according to the procedure described in Example 1, without first pre -polymerizing the ingredients of the NAF compartment prior to their mixing with the aqueous compartment.
  • compositions are reported in Table 3, each composition containing different ingredients, additives and amounts thereof in each of the two compartments, as specified in the table.
  • the values reported in the table correspond to the concentration of each ingredient in weight% by weight of the total emulsion.
  • Example 3 Preparation of a pre-polymerized hair styling composition containing NAFs
  • Another hair styling composition was prepared using different pre -polymerization conditions. Namely, 2 g of pomegranate seed oil were placed in a 20 ml metallic can under argon environment, and maintained in an oven at 190°C for 3 hours in order to induce at least partial heat pre-polymerization, and then cooled to room temperature.
  • the at least partially heat pre-polymerized pomegranate seed oil was placed once cooled in a 20 ml cup, equipped with a magnetic stirrer, 2 g of AMEO were added, and the mixture was stirred for 80 minutes at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.
  • a separate 20 ml cup 0.4 g of the stirred mixture were placed, and 0.4 g di(propylene glycol) methyl ether acetate (DPMAc) were added to obtain a NAF mixture.
  • DPMAc di(propylene glycol) methyl ether acetate
  • the NAF mixture was then combined with an aqueous mixture, as described in Example 1, resulting in oil-in- water emulsion NAF9.
  • Example 4 Hair styling compositions containing NAFs and an auxiliary polymerization agent
  • oleyl amine In a 20 ml cup, 4 g of oleyl amine were placed and mixed with 1 g shellac flakes (as auxiliary polymerization agents). The cup was placed on a hot plate equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and its contents were stirred for 10-30 minutes at 140-160°C to obtain a pre-treated oleyl amine-shellac mixture (containing 20% shellac).
  • composition NAF 10 was similarly prepared, wherein the oleyl a ine- he! lac mixture also contained AMEO.
  • Compositions NAF12 and NAF13 were prepared similarly to NAF10 and NAF11, respectively, wherein chia seed oil was added to the pre-treated oleyl amine-shellac mixtures (with or without AMEO).
  • the hair tufts used for testing the straightening ability of the present oil-in-water emulsions were black, and curly of Brazilian origin (approximately 40 cm long. Each tuft was glued together at one tip with epoxy glue, and weighted approximately 0.6- 1.3 g, including the glued tip.
  • the curly were all washed at 38-40°C with tap water containing 5% sodium lauryl sulfate to remove any materials adhered to the hair ⁇ e.g., dirt or oils), and hanged to dry at room temperature for at least 1 hour, during which time the hair tufts regained their native shapes.
  • Fig. 4 shows a simplified diagram of the different steps. While for simplicity, the compositions or methods can be referred to as “straightening”, in the present examples this term, which otherwise describes a particular hair styling effect of “complete flattening” of the hair fibers, is intended to encompass any significant shape modification, wherein the hair is relaxed to a form less wavy than native shape.
  • step SOI of Fig. 4 residual water can be removed from the dried clean hair tufts, e.g., by a flat iron, passed 4 times over the tufts at a temperature of 200°C, resulting in the hair tufts being straightened.
  • the optionally heat straightened hair tufts were dipped in a 100 ml plastic cup containing about 15-20 g of a hair styling composition ⁇ e.g., oil-in-water emulsion) containing NAFs, such as prepared in previous examples.
  • a hair styling composition ⁇ e.g., oil-in-water emulsion
  • step S03 of Fig. 4 Incubation of the composition (as depicted in step S03 of Fig. 4): the cups containing the hair tufts samples dipped in the various NAFs emulsions were maintained, with or without shaking (e.g., using a digital orbital shaker), for a predetermined period of time ranging from 30 to 120 minutes at a set temperature ranging from room temperature ⁇ circa 23 °C) to 60°C. Unless otherwise stated, all preliminary experiments were performed with an incubation period of 2 hours at room temperature.
  • step S04 of Fig. 4 Rinsing of the hair fibers (as depicted in step S04 of Fig. 4): the hair tufts so treated were thoroughly rinsed to eliminate excess composition in view of the method of experimental application. Unless otherwise stated, hair fibers were rinsed with tap water at a temperature of about 38-40°C, and then wiped twice using a towel, allowed to drip, or dried using a hair dryer for 2-3 minutes.
  • step S05 of Fig. 4 the rinsed treated hair-tufts were then straightened using a flat iron, at a temperature of 220°C for 2-5 minutes (about 15-50 passes), depending on the tuft length, until the tufts were completely dried and in the desired modified shape. This step allows at least partial curing of the NAFs.
  • step S06 of Fig. 4 Curing of the polymerizable styling composition (as depicted in step S06 of Fig. 4): the hair tufts, straightened and dried following step 5, were exposed to further heating using a hair dryer or an oven, to ensure that the NAFs having polymerized therein are further cured.
  • the oils within the hair fibers were further cured using a hair dryer, the hair samples were maintained on a brush, and the hair dryer blowing air at a temperature of 150-220°C was rapidly moved at a short distance over the tufts about 15 times, so that the hair fibers perceived an elevated temperature of at most 220°C for a few seconds.
  • further curing was performed in an oven, the hair samples were maintained at 200°C for 4 minutes, to reproduce the conditions of standard hair drying techniques.
  • step SOI is optional, and its surrounding block in Figure 4 was accordingly marked by a dashed contour.
  • a curing composition comprising excess amount of a curing facilitator may be briefly applied or the rinsing may be performed with a dedicated solution, other than tap water.
  • a formulation protecting the hair from damages that may result from the temperature applied during styling.
  • a heat-protective formulation can contain or consist of oils having a relatively high smoking point at a temperature above the one applied for styling. Silicon oils can be used for this purpose.
  • the hair tufts were massaged twice between the fingers of the operating person to ensure full coverage and intimate contact, from tip to tip, with a standard shampoo (Shea Natural Keratin Shampoo by Saryna Key, Israel) for about 30 seconds, rinsed with tap water at about 40°C, wiped and hung for at least 10 minutes to dry.
  • the washing cycles were performed no more than twice a day, so as to mimic a plausible high frequency washing of a human subject.
  • wash resistance The number of washes after which the hair tufts remained “straightened”, including any type of modified shape obtained at the end of the straightening procedure of Example 5, is indicative of the durability of the hair styling provided by the present compositions and method.
  • This number can also be referred to as the “wash resistance” afforded by a particular composition under the conditions it was applied and tested. Wash resistance can be visually assessed by trained operators in a qualitative manner, the result provided indicating the number of washing cycles following which changes in shape become visibly detectable. Alternatively, wash resistance can be quantified, for instance by measuring the length of the hair samples after styling treatment and after any desired amount of washing cycles, and/or by counting the number of deviations from straight hair ( e.g ., peaks and dips) in a representative number of fibers.
  • Length can be measured by placing the hair fiber along a ruler, without stretching or pulling the hair fiber.
  • the number of “twists” in the hair fiber can be provided by counting the number of amplitudes (minimum and maximum) visible on the fiber.
  • the number of twists can be normalized to the hair length and the straightness efficiency can be calculated by dividing the normalized number of twists after treatment being considered by the normalized number of twists before such treatment (the reference). Straightness efficiency can be expressed as a percentage of the reference.
  • the hair fibers are “wash resistant” as long as the measurements (e.g., length, number of twists, or straightness efficiency) before washing and at the washing cycle being considered are similar (e.g., within 10% or less one from the other) or as long as trained operators are unable to detect visible changes. Similarly, such methods can be used to assess the effect of the hair styling composition. Qualitative results, as assessed by trained operators, are presented in Table 5.
  • compositions provided for a wash resistance of at least 6 cycles, supporting at least partial penetrations of the NAFs into the hair fibers and their polymerization therein.
  • Example 7 Preparation of hair styling compositions containing NAFs and curing accelerators
  • NAF stock a mixture obtained by a separate 20 ml vial
  • IPA aqueous mixture
  • composition ( NAF14 ) is reported in Table 6, which presents additional compositions prepared according to the above procedure, each composition containing different ingredients, additives and amounts thereof in each of the two compartments, as specified in the table.
  • the values reported in the table correspond to the concentration of each ingredient in weight% by weight of the total emulsion, except for the values in the NAF stock, which correspond to the weight of such components in that particular NAF mixture.
  • Example 8 Preparation of hair styling compositions containing pre-polymerized NAFs and curing accelerators
  • squalene (as NAF) were placed and mixed with 0.07 g benzoyl peroxide (as curing accelerator).
  • the cup was covered, and placed on a hot plate equipped with a magnetic stirrer, and its contents were stirred for 30 minutes at 100°C to induce at least partial pre-polymerization.
  • 0.1 g of linoleic acid (as second NAF) and 0.2 g TBPB (as second curing accelerator) were mixed into the at least partially pre-polymerized squalene.
  • pre-polymerized NAF phase 0.4 g of the obtained mixture (referred to as pre-polymerized NAF phase) were placed, and 0.4 g IPA were added to obtain a NAF mixture.
  • the NAF mixture was then combined with an aqueous mixture, as described in Example 1 , resulting in an oil-in- water emulsion NAF26.
  • composition is reported in Table 7, which presents another composition ( NAF27 ) prepared according to the above procedure, each composition containing slightly different ingredients, and amounts thereof, as specified in the table.
  • the values reported in the table correspond to the concentration of each ingredient in weight% by weight of the total emulsion, except for the values in the pre -polymerized NAF phase, which correspond to the weight of such components in that particular NAF mixture.
  • Keratin hair fibers demonstrate characteristic endothermic peaks in a number of thermal analytical methods, each peak being indicative of chemical changes occurring near the various temperatures.
  • the hair samples treated according to Example 5 or 6 can be analyzed by DSC to assess the effect of the compositions of the present invention (such as prepared in Examples 1-4 and 7-8) on the physico-chemical properties of the hair fibers and compare them to an untreated reference of a same hair type.
  • the reference and treated hair samples are cut into small pieces (about 2 mm long) using regular scissors. For each measurement, about 5 mg of hair pieces are placed in a 70 m ⁇ platinum DSC crucible. The crucible is kept open during measurements.
  • the samples are placed in a Differential Scanning Calorimeter, and DSC measurements are carried out. Specifically, the samples are heated to 400°C at a rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen, while data acquisition and storage are performed.
  • the stored data is plotted to obtain DSC curves for each of the hair samples and values of endotherm points are retrieved. If the modified and native hair fibers display at least one essentially similar endotherm temperature, the composition having achieved this modification is deemed innocuous. Endotherm temperatures of two materials or hair fibers can be considered essentially similar if within 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, or 1°C, from one another.
  • Fig. 3 depicts the results of a DSC study showing how a non-damaging hair styling method, such as proposed by the present invention, may keep the hair unharmed, as opposed to traditional methods.
  • the curve of a sample of hair fibers treated with a hypothetical innocuous composition of the present invention would be comparable to the curve of untreated, native hair sample, indicating no significant structural changes.
  • the DSC curves of commercial hair straightening methods (organic and Japanese) actually tested against the untreated reference show substantial changes from the native hair sample curve, indicating structural changes, which are to be expected when using such drastic hair styling methods.
  • thermomechanical analysis TMA
  • DMA dynamic mechanical analysis
  • the hair samples treated according to Example 5 or 6 can be analyzed by tensile testing to assess the effect of the compositions of the present invention (such as prepared in Examples 1-4 and 7-8) on mechanical properties of the hair fibers and compare them to an untreated reference of a same hair type.
  • Ten hair fibers are taken from each one of a reference sample and a treated hair sample, and standardized by maintaining them under the same conditions for three days (e.g., a temperature of 25°C and 45% RH).
  • the hair fibers are then cut to a length of 30 mm, their cross-section is measured by confocal laser microscopy, taking into account both the largest radius and the smallest radius of typically elliptical hair fibers.
  • the tensile strength parameters, break stress, toughness and elastic modulus are measured for the examined hair fibers by tensile tester (at 100% extension limit, 20mm/min extension rate, 2 g gauge force, 5 g break detection limit and 2000 g maximum force).
  • the average results for the ten fibers of the treated hair sample are compared to those of the reference sample.
  • the break stress of the treated hair fibers is expected to be at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20% or at least 25% greater than the break stress of similar untreated fibers. Furthermore, the treated hair fibers are expected to have a toughness of 95% or more, 100% or more, 105% or more, 110% or more, 115% or more, or 120% or more of similar untreated hair fibers.
  • the elastic modulus of both treated and untreated samples is expected to be comparable.
  • adjectives such as “substantially”, “approximately” and “about” that modify a condition or relationship characteristic of a feature or features of an embodiment of the present technology are to be understood to mean that the condition or characteristic is defined to within tolerances that are acceptable for operation of the embodiment for an application for which it is intended, or within variations expected from the measurement being performed and/or from the measuring instrument being used.
  • the term “about” and “approximately” precedes a numerical value it is intended to indicate +/- 15%, or +/- 10%, or even only +/-5%, and in some instances the precise value.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de coiffage de fibres capillaires de mammifère, consistant à donner du corps, à lisser, à défriser, à boucler ou à appliquer toute autre modification souhaitée à la forme des cheveux. Le procédé consiste à appliquer une composition de coiffage comprenant au moins une huile grasse insaturée non aromatique sur les cheveux, à faire pénétrer les monomères dans les cheveux et à faire durcir lesdits monomères pour former intérieurement un polymère capable de contrer la tendance des cheveux à reprendre leur forme naturelle. Lorsque le durcissement est effectué alors que les cheveux sont dans une forme modifiée souhaitée, les polymères résultants peuvent préserver la forme modifiée. L'invention concerne également des compositions et des kits appropriés de préparation correspondante.
PCT/IB2021/053740 2020-05-04 2021-05-04 Compositions, kits et procédés de coiffage de fibres capillaires WO2021224794A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB2006573.6A GB202006573D0 (en) 2020-05-04 2020-05-04 Compositions, kits and methods for styling hair fibers
GB2006570.2 2020-05-04
GBGB2006570.2A GB202006570D0 (en) 2020-05-04 2020-05-04 Compositions, kits and methods for stying hair fibers
GB2006573.6 2020-05-04
GBGB2010599.5A GB202010599D0 (en) 2020-05-04 2020-07-09 Compositions, kits and methods for styling hair fibers
GB2010599.5 2020-07-09

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US5521228A (en) * 1995-01-17 1996-05-28 Weber; Michael R. Simulated hair
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