WO2021217890A1 - 一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法 - Google Patents

一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法 Download PDF

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WO2021217890A1
WO2021217890A1 PCT/CN2020/101541 CN2020101541W WO2021217890A1 WO 2021217890 A1 WO2021217890 A1 WO 2021217890A1 CN 2020101541 W CN2020101541 W CN 2020101541W WO 2021217890 A1 WO2021217890 A1 WO 2021217890A1
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heavy oil
alloy material
surface tension
oil
matrix phase
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French (fr)
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刘�东
孙俊杰
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南京公诚节能新材料研究院有限公司
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B31/00—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells
    • E21B31/06—Fishing for or freeing objects in boreholes or wells using magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploitation, in particular to an alloy material used for surface tension treatment of heavy oil and an application method thereof.
  • Heavy oil is a complex mixture of polyhydrocarbons rich in gums and asphaltenes, characterized by high density, high viscosity, and poor fluidity. Heavy oil usually refers to crude oil with underground viscosity greater than 50 centipoise or relative density greater than 0.92 g/cm 3 .
  • heavy oil resources are widely distributed, and most of the petroliferous basins have the characteristics of symbiosis and regular transitional distribution between heavy oil and conventional oil.
  • the heavy oil resources are very rich, accounting for about 25% to 30% of the total oil resources. It is estimated that my country Its heavy oil resources are about 25 billion tons, accounting for 28% of the total oil reserves, and it has been put into large-scale exploitation. With the continuous exploitation of conventional crude oil, its reserves and output continue to decline. In order to meet the growing demand for energy exports from industrial and agricultural production, the development and production of heavy oil will account for an increasing proportion. Due to the characteristics of high density, high viscosity and high freezing point, the exploitation and transportation of heavy oil are much more difficult than other paraffin-based crude oils. Therefore, solving the viscosity problem of heavy oil and reducing its surface tension is of great significance to heavy oil production and pipeline transportation.
  • the existing commonly used demulsification and viscosity reduction technologies mainly include the following:
  • the thermal viscosity reduction of heavy oil is based on the high sensitivity of heavy oil to temperature, that is, the higher the temperature, the lower the viscosity of the heavy oil.
  • Application of technological means such as electromagnetic heating technology to increase the temperature of the heavy oil reservoir, reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil in the reservoir, and improve the fluidity of the reservoir to exploit the heavy oil.
  • the heating and conveying method of heavy oil is a conveying method that increases the flow temperature of the heavy oil and reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil by heating, thereby reducing the friction loss of the heavy oil pipeline.
  • the heating transportation method is currently the main transportation method of crude oil at home and abroad, but its energy consumption is high, and it consumes more than 1% of the crude oil transportation volume.
  • the method of mixing thin oil to reduce viscosity is to dilute the produced heavy oil on the ground to reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil, and then transport it in the form of a mixture through a pipeline. It uses the principle of similar compatibility of organic solvents, and generally uses some low-viscosity liquid compounds as diluents, including condensate oil, naphtha, and some light oils.
  • the advantage of this method is that the conventional crude oil transportation system can be directly used to transport heavy oil, and the solidification of heavy oil will not occur during the shutdown period.
  • the disadvantage is that special pipelines are needed to transport the thin oil production area to the oil field to blend with the heavy oil. Multiple mixing and dehydration cause energy consumption. After the thin oil is mixed, the quality of the heavy oil changes, and the economic benefits are not ideal.
  • the non-thermal effect of microwave is used to modify the heavy oil, change the chemical composition of the heavy oil, and irreversibly improve the rheology of the heavy oil, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid viscosity reduction.
  • the change of asphaltene gum content can change the rheology of heavy oil. In most cases, this change is beneficial to the development and gathering of heavy oil.
  • Emulsification and viscosity reduction is to transform the w/o emulsion of heavy oil into o/w emulsion under the action of surfactant, so as to achieve the purpose of viscosity reduction.
  • a surfactant with good water solubility is used as an emulsifier, and a certain concentration of emulsifier aqueous solution is injected into the oil well or pipeline to disperse the crude oil and form an o/w emulsion.
  • the oil film is between the oil film and the oil film.
  • the friction becomes the friction between the water film and the water film, and the viscosity and friction resistance are greatly reduced; at the same time, the heavy oil film on the surface of the tubing or sucker rod is destroyed, and the surface wettability and lipophilicity is reversed to hydrophilic, forming a continuous
  • the water film reduces the resistance to the flow of crude oil during the pumping process.
  • Microbial degradation technology is used to degrade heavy components such as asphaltenes in crude oil.
  • Microbes feed on paraffins, asphaltenes and other hydrocarbons to degrade them, reducing the viscosity and wax content of crude oil; microorganisms produce in the formation metabolism process
  • Biosurfactants and other organic substances reduce the interfacial tension of oil and water and increase the permeability of crude oil in oil reservoirs.
  • the gas-producing bacteria in microorganisms can generate a large amount of gas during formation activities, which can expand and reduce the viscosity of crude oil.
  • microorganisms are easily destroyed under the conditions of high temperature, high salinity, and high content of heavy metal ions.
  • Surfactants and biopolymers produced by microorganisms may cause precipitation.
  • the conditions for cultivating microorganisms are not easy to grasp.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above shortcomings of the prior art and provide a solution for the surface tension treatment of heavy oil that is based on physical methods, is simple to operate, has low cost, and does not affect the quality of crude oil, which specifically includes: Alloy material for surface tension treatment of heavy oil and its application method.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to an alloy material for surface tension treatment of heavy oil, which is composed of a matrix phase and a Ce addition phase.
  • the matrix phase is (PrDy) 2 Fe 14 B
  • the alloy composition of the Ce additive phase is expressed in mass percentage as ((Nd, Pr) 1-xy Re x Ce y ) 30 ⁇ 55 Fe bal B 0.2 ⁇ 1 TM 0.5 ⁇ 2.0
  • Re is one or more of La
  • TM is one or more of Co, Ga, and Cu, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6;
  • the matrix phase (PrDy) 2 Fe 14 B is nano-scale flake crystals, and the length of the nano-scale flake crystals is 200 to 500 nanometers, and the thickness is 50 to 100 nanometers.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for treating the surface tension of heavy oil based on the above alloy material.
  • the above alloy material is used as a permanent magnet material to match the zinc plate to generate a stable magnetic field space, so that the conductive fluid flows through the alloy material and the zinc plate. When there is a magnetic field space between, a stable electric field can be generated.
  • the electric field intensity is stable at 35 mv/m.
  • the flow resistance achieves the purpose of demulsification; the orderly flow and aggregation of wax molecules reduces the chance of mutual bonding and inhibits the growth of wax crystal particles; the fine wax crystal particles are suspended in the crude oil and flow easily in the pipeline, reducing the molecular weight in the crude oil.
  • the possibility of rotation of solid particles also plays a role in reducing viscosity.
  • the method for treating the surface tension of heavy oil does not require additional chemical additives and energy consumption, is simple to operate, has low cost, produces no by-products, and does not change the chemical components of the heavy oil, and has good economic benefits.
  • the invention provides an alloy material for surface tension treatment of heavy oil, which is composed of a matrix phase and a Ce addition phase.
  • the matrix phase is (PrDy) 2 Fe 14 B
  • the alloy composition of the Ce additive phase is expressed in mass percentage as ((Nd, Pr) 1-xy Re x Ce y ) 30 ⁇ 55 Fe bal B 0.2 ⁇ 1 TM 0.5 ⁇ 2.0
  • Re is one or more of La
  • TM is one or more of Co, Ga, and Cu, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.1, 0.2 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.6;
  • the matrix phase (PrDy) 2 Fe 14 B is nano-scale flake crystals, and the length of the nano-scale flake crystals is 200 nanometers and the thickness is 100 nanometers.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for treating the surface tension of heavy oil based on the above alloy material.
  • the above alloy material is an alloy material with strong coercivity. It is used as a permanent magnet material to match the zinc plate to generate a stable magnetic field space and allow the conductive fluid to flow.
  • a stable electric field can be generated under the action of the Lorenz force.
  • the electric field strength is stable at 35mv/m.
  • the flow resistance achieves the purpose of demulsification; the orderly flow and aggregation of wax molecules reduces the chance of mutual bonding and inhibits the growth of wax crystal particles; the fine wax crystal particles are suspended in the crude oil and flow easily in the pipeline, reducing the molecular weight in the crude oil.
  • the possibility of rotation of solid particles also plays a role in reducing viscosity.

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Abstract

一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料，其由基体相和Ce添加相。其中基体相为(PrDy) 2Fe 14B，Ce添加相的合金成分按质量百分比表示为((Nd，Pr) 1-x-yRe xCe y) 30 ～55Fe balB 0.2 ～1TM 0.5 ～2.0其中，Re为La、Nd、Gd、Y中的一种或者几种，TM为Co、Ga、Cu中的一种或者几种，0≤x≤0.1，0.2≤y≤0.6；所述基体相(PrDy) 2Fe 14B为纳米级片状晶，使用以上合金材料作为永磁材料与锌板匹配，产生一个稳定磁场空间，使导电流体流经合金材料和锌板之间的磁场空间时，可以产生稳定的电场。使用上述合金材料处理稠油表面张力，不需要额外化学添加剂及能耗，操作简便，成本低廉，没有副产品产生，也不会改变稠油化学组分，具有良好的经济效益。

Description

一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及油气开采技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法。
背景技术
稠油是一种富含胶质和沥青质的多烃类复杂混合物，特点是密度高、粘度大、流动性差。稠油，通常是指地下粘度大于50厘泊或相对密度大于0.92g/cm 3的原油。
我国稠油资源分布较广，大部分含油气盆地稠油与常规油呈现共生和有规律过渡分布的特征，稠油资源十分丰富，约占总石油资源的25％至30％以上，据估计我国的稠油资源量约为250亿吨左右，占石油总地质储量的28％，目前已经投入大规模开采。随着常规原油的不断开采，其储量和产量不断下降，为满足工农业生产对能源口益增长的需求，稠油的开发生产所占的比重将越来越大。由于具有密度大、粘度高和凝点高的特点，使得稠油的开采和输送都比其它石蜡基原油困难得多。因此，解决稠油的粘度问题，降低其表面张力，对稠油开采和管输等具有重要意义。
目前破乳降粘产品在稠油热采上得到了广泛的应用。稠油井蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱其改善稠油开采结果是明显的。
现有常用的破乳降粘技术主要有以下几种：
(一)加热降粘技术
稠油热力降粘开采是应用了稠油对温度的高敏感性，即温度越高稠油粘度越小。应用工艺手段(如电磁加热技术)使稠油油层温度提高，降低油层中稠油的粘度，提高油层的流动性来开采稠油。稠油加热输送方法是通过加热的方式提高稠油的流动温度，降低稠油的粘度，从而减少稠油管输摩阻损失的一种输送方法。加热输送方法是目前国内外原油主要运输方法，但其能耗高，要消耗1％以上的原油输量。
(二)掺稀油降粘技术
掺稀油降粘法是将采出的稠油在地面进行稀释，降低稠油粘度，再通过管道以混合物的形式输送的方法。它是利用了有机溶剂的相似相溶的原理，一般是将一些低粘液态 化合物作为稀释剂来使用，包括凝析油、石脑油、一些轻质油等。该方法的优点是可以直接利用常规的原油输送系统来输送稠油，在停输期间不会发生稠油凝固现象。缺点是需要专门管线把稀油产地输至油田与稠油掺混，多次混合、脱水造成能源消耗，掺入稀油后稠油的品质发生改变，经济效益不理想。
(三)微波降粘技术
利用微波非热效应对稠油进行改性，改变稠油的化学组分，不可逆地改善了稠油的流变性，以达到快速降粘的目的。鉴于微波加热效率高、速度快、清洁无污染，沥青质胶质含量的变化可改变稠油的流变性，在大多数情况下，这种改变有利于稠油的开发和集输。
但是，由于稠油胶体结构的微观不均匀性、微波加热的选择性，致使在微波加热过程中，稠油内部温度的宏观分布和微观分布的不均匀，在稠油内部的某些位置出现了沥青质胶粒的温度超过胶质沥青质的热解温度的局部过热现象，部分胶质沥青质的热解使其化学结构变化和含量减小，稠油其它组分增加。
(四)乳化降粘技术
乳化降粘就是在表面活性剂作用下,使稠油的w/o型乳状液转变成o/w型乳状液，从而达到降粘的目的。乳化降粘中使用水溶性较好的表面活性剂作乳化剂，将一定浓度的乳化剂水溶液注入油井或管线，使原油分散而形o/w成型乳状液，把原油流动时油膜与油膜之间的摩擦变为水膜与水膜之间的摩擦，粘度和摩擦阻力大幅度降低；同时破坏油管或抽油杆表面的稠油膜,使表面润湿亲油性反转变为亲水性,形成连续的水膜，减少抽吸过程中原油流动的阻力。
使用表面活性剂降粘仍存在较多问题，采出后破乳困难；污水处理难度大；由于稠油组成差异大，表面活性剂对稠油选择性差；降粘剂的高抗温、抗盐、抗矿化度的能力有限；即使效果较好但成本较高，不经济。
(五)微生物降黏技术
利用微生物降解技术对原油中的沥青质等重质组份进行降解，微生物以石蜡、沥青质等碳氢化合物为食将其降解，降低原油粘度及含蜡量；微生物在地层代谢过程中，产生生物表面活性剂及其他有机物，使油水界面张力降低，提高油藏原油的渗透性；微生物中的产气菌在地层活动中，可生成大量的气体，使原油膨胀和降粘。
此技术的局限性在于微生物在温度较高、盐度较大、重金属离子含量较高的油藏条件下易遭到破坏，微生物产生的表面活性剂和生物聚合物本身有造成沉淀的危险性，并且培养微生物的条件不易把握。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：克服以上现有技术的不足，提供一种以物理方法为基础，操作简便、成本低廉，不影响原油品质的稠油表面张力处理方案，具体包括：一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法。
本发明一个方面，涉及一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料，其由基体相和Ce添加相。其中基体相为(PrDy) 2Fe 14B，Ce添加相的合金成分按质量百分比表示为((Nd，Pr) 1-x-yRe xCe y) 30～55Fe balB 0.2～1TM 0.5～2.0其中，Re为La、Nd、Gd、Y中的一种或者几种，TM为Co、Ga、Cu中的一种或者几种，0≤x≤0.1，0.2≤y≤0.6；
所述基体相(PrDy) 2Fe 14B为纳米级片状晶，纳米级片状晶的长度为200纳米～500纳米，厚度为50纳米～100纳米。
本发明的另一方面，涉及一种基于以上合金材料稠油表面张力处理方法，以上合金材料作为永磁材料与锌板匹配，产生一个稳定磁场空间，使导电流体流经合金材料和锌板之间的磁场空间时，可以产生稳定的电场。
当乳化液置于此弱电场中，溶质分子表面张力会发生改变打破原有平衡状态，使小分子难以维持稳定悬浮状态，发生分层析出。
优选地，实测原油以1.5m/s流速流流经磁场空间时，电场强度稳定为35mv/m。
当油品流经持续作用的静电场时，分子团缠结度降低，分子间接合力减弱，在一定时间内会表现出运动粘度下降。此释放出的电流使原油中的蜡及乳状滴分子有序排列并与管道壁平行，减少蜡分子被推转到管壁上，降低蜡分子在管壁的沉积，减少管壁凝油层对原油流动的阻力，达到破乳目的；蜡分子有序的流动、聚集减少相互粘结的机会，抑制蜡晶颗粒成长；细小蜡晶颗粒悬浮于原油中，在管道中易于流动，降低原油中分子和固态颗粒转动的可能性，也起到一定的降粘作用。
使用本发明处理稠油表面张力，不需要额外化学添加剂及能耗，操作简便，成本低廉，没有副产品产生，也不会改变稠油化学组分，具有良好的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明提供一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料，其由基体相和Ce添加相。其中基体相为(PrDy) 2Fe 14B，Ce添加相的合金成分按质量百分比表示为((Nd，Pr) 1-x-yRe xCe y) 30～55Fe balB 0.2～1TM 0.5～2.0其中，Re为La、Nd、Gd、Y中的一种或者几种，TM为Co、Ga、Cu中的一种或者几种，0≤x≤0.1，0.2≤y≤0.6；
所述基体相(PrDy) 2Fe 14B为纳米级片状晶，纳米级片状晶的长度为200纳米，厚度为100纳米。
本发明还涉及一种基于以上合金材料稠油表面张力处理方法，以上合金材料是一种矫顽性强的合金材料，作为永磁材料与锌板匹配，产生一个稳定磁场空间，使导电流体流经合金材料和锌板之间的磁场空间时，受洛伦茨力作用，可以产生稳定的电场，实测原油以1.5m/s流速流经磁场空间时，电场强度稳定为35mv/m。当油品流经持续作用的静电场时，分子团缠结度降低，分子间接合力减弱，溶质分子表面张力会发生改变打破原有平衡状态，使小分子难以维持稳定悬浮状态，发生分层析出，在一定时间内会表现出运动粘度下降。此释放出的电流使原油中的蜡及乳状滴分子有序排列并与管道壁平行，减少蜡分子被推转到管壁上，降低蜡分子在管壁的沉积，减少管壁凝油层对原油流动的阻力，达到破乳目的；蜡分子有序的流动、聚集减少相互粘结的机会，抑制蜡晶颗粒成长；细小蜡晶颗粒悬浮于原油中，在管道中易于流动，降低原油中分子和固态颗粒转动的可能性，也起到一定的降粘作用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变形，这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料，由基体相和Ce添加相组成，其特征在于，所述基体相为(prDy) 2Fe 14B，所述Ce添加相的合金成分按质量百分比表示为((Nd，Pr) 1-x-yRe xCe y) 30～55Fe balB 0.2～1TM 0.5～2.0其中，Re为La、Nd、Gd、Y中的一种或者几种，TM为Co、Ga、Cu中的一种或者几种，0≤x≤0.1，0.2≤y≤0.6。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料，其特征在于，所述基体相(PrDy) 2Fe 14B为纳米级片状晶，纳米级片状晶的长度为200纳米～500纳米，厚度为50纳米～100纳米。
  3. 基于权利要求1所述的一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料的稠油表面张力处理方法，其特征在于，以所述一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料作为板状永磁合金材料与锌板匹配，在所述板状永磁合金材料与所述锌板产生一个稳定磁场空间，使导电流体流经合金材料和锌板之间的磁场空间时，可以产生稳定的电场。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种稠油表面张力处理方法，其特征在于，原油以1.5m/s流速流流经磁场空间时，产生的电场强度稳定为35mv/m。
PCT/CN2020/101541 2020-04-29 2020-07-13 一种用于稠油表面张力处理的合金材料及其应用方法 WO2021217890A1 (zh)

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