WO2021213385A1

WO2021213385A1 - Ferrite switch, microwave antenna, and electronic device

Info

Publication number: WO2021213385A1
Application number: PCT/CN2021/088413
Authority: WO
Inventors: 杨宁; 曾卓; 蔡梦; 孙科
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2020-04-22
Filing date: 2021-04-20
Publication date: 2021-10-28
Also published as: CN113540710A; EP4120469A1; CN113540710B; EP4120469A4

Abstract

The present application provides a ferrite switch, a microwave antenna, and an electronic device. The ferrite switch comprises a coupler, a first magic T, and two ferrite circulators. The ferrite circulator has a first port, a second port, and a third port, and the second port is connected to a short-circuit load. The first ports of the two ferrite circulators are respectively connected to two output ports of the coupler. The two output ports of the coupler are used to output equal-amplitude in-phase or equal-amplitude reverse-phase power signals. The third ports of the two ferrite circulators are respectively connected to two input ports of the first magic T. After the equal-amplitude in-phase or equal-amplitude reverse-phase power signals are inputted from the two input ports of the first magic T, the power signals are respectively outputted from two output ports of the first magic T. Embodiments of the present application provide a ferrite switch, a microwave antenna, and an electronic device to solve the problems of complex structure and high insertion loss of reciprocal ferrite switches.

Description

Ferrite switch, microwave antenna and electronic equipment

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office, the application number is 202010320788.X, and the application name is "Ferrite Switch, Microwave Antenna and Electronic Equipment" on April 22, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated by reference Incorporated in this application.

Technical field

This application relates to the technical field of high-frequency switches, in particular to a ferrite switch, a microwave antenna, and electronic equipment.

Background technique

With the increase of data traffic, wireless base stations/microwave macro stations need to meet the requirements of greater communication capacity, but the spectrum bandwidth has gradually become the bottleneck of capacity improvement. High frequencies, such as microwaves in the E-Band or D-Band bands, have more abundant spectrum resources. However, the development of supporting high-frequency devices is not mature, which makes some high-frequency devices, such as the bandwidth, insertion loss and Indexes such as reciprocity will influence the performance of high-frequency communication systems.

The high-frequency switch includes a ferrite switch. The ferrite switch has multiple ports. By changing the external magnetization state and controlling the corresponding relationship between the multiple ports, the switch selection function can be realized. However, under the same external magnetic field, the two ports of the ferrite switch cannot be reciprocated, which affects the flexibility of the high-frequency switch. In the related art, a Y-junction type combined ferrite switch or a differential phase shift type ferrite switch is used to solve the problem of the inability of the ferrite switch to be reciprocal. The Y-junction combined ferrite switch refers to the setting of three Y-junction circulators, and a switch capable of bidirectional transmission is formed by controlling the ring direction of each circulator. The phase shift type ferrite switch needs to add a phase shifter, by controlling the phase shift to be close to 0 or 180 degrees, the reciprocity of the switch is realized.

However, when using Y-junction combination or differential phase shift ferrite switch, the additional transmission link and phase shift device will make the structure of the ferrite switch complicated, and at the same time the loss of energy and gain when the circuit is connected high.

Summary of the invention

The embodiments of the present application provide a ferrite switch, a microwave antenna, and an electronic device to solve the problems of complex structure and high insertion loss of the reciprocal ferrite switch.

One aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a ferrite switch, which includes a coupler, two ferrite circulators, and a first magic T.

The ferrite circulator has a first port, a second port, and a third port. A short-circuit load is connected to the second port. The first ports of the two ferrite circulators are respectively connected to the two output ports of the coupler. The two output ports of the converter are used to output power signals of equal amplitude and phase or equal amplitude and reverse phase. The third ports of the two ferrite circulators are respectively connected to the two input ports of the first magic T, equal amplitude and phase, etc. The inverted amplitude power signal is input from the two input ports of the first magic T, and then output from the two output ports of the first magic T respectively.

The short-circuit load is configured such that when the ferrite circulator is in the first magnetic field bias state, the power signal input from the first port outputs the first phase from the third port, and when the ferrite circulator is in the second magnetic field bias state In the state, the power signal input from the first port is reflected by the second port and then outputs the second phase from the third port. The phase difference between the first phase and the second phase is 180 degrees; the two ferrite circulators are configured as Have the same or different magnetic field bias states.

The ferrite switch provided in the embodiment of the present application is configured by combining a coupler, a ferrite circulator connected with a short-circuit load, and a first magic T, and by controlling the two ferrite circulators to be at the same or different magnetic field deviations. In the state, the reciprocal function of the ferrite switch can be realized, and the ferrite switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, which can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch.

In a possible implementation, the coupler includes a three-decibel coupler. The three-decibel coupler has one input port and two output ports. After the power signal is input from the input port of the three-decibel coupler, The two output ports output equal amplitude and phase; a three-decibel coupler, a first magic T and two ferrite circulators form a single-pole double-throw switch.

In the embodiment of the application, the three-decibel coupler is set by combining the three-decibel coupler, the ferrite circulator connected with the short-circuit load, and the first magic T, and the two ferrite circulators are controlled to be at the same or different positions. The magnetic field bias state realizes the function of the single-pole double-throw switch, and makes the single-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the single-pole double-throw switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, which can significantly improve The performance of the ferrite switch improves the performance of the antenna.

In a possible implementation manner, the number of SPDT switches is three, and the first SPDT switch is arranged in series with the second SPDT switch and the third SPDT switch arranged in parallel.

In the embodiment of the present application, a single-pole double-throw switch and two parallel-connected single-pole double-throw switches are arranged in series. The magic T combination setting realizes the function of the single-pole four-throw switch by controlling the magnetic field bias state of the three sets of ferrite circulators, and makes the single-pole four-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the single-pole four-throw switch maintains the ferrite The low insertion loss characteristics of the body circulator and the magic T can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

In a possible implementation, the three-decibel coupler includes a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.

The three-decibel coupler can be set in various forms such as waveguide, microstrip or stripline, which can flexibly adapt to various port types and improve the applicability of ferrite switches.

In a possible implementation manner, the coupler includes a second magic T, the second magic T has a first input port, a second input port, a first output port and a second output port, the first input port and the second input The port is used to select one input power signal, the power signal input from the first input port is output in the same amplitude and phase through the first output port and the second output port, and the power input from the second input port is output through the first output port and the second output port, etc. Amplitude inverted output.

In the embodiment of the present application, by combining the second magic T, the ferrite circulator connected with the short-circuit load, and the first magic T, by controlling the two ferrite circulators to be in the same or different magnetic field bias states, And the power signal is selected from the two input ports of the ferrite switch, which realizes the function of the double single-pole double-throw switch, and makes the double single-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the double single-pole double-throw switch maintains the iron The low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

In a possible implementation manner, the coupler includes a third magic T, the third magic T includes a third input port, a fourth input port, a third output port, and a fourth output port, and the third input port and the fourth input The port is used to input mutually orthogonal power signals at the same time. The power signal input from the third input port is output in the same amplitude and phase through the third output port and the fourth output port. The power signal input from the fourth input port is output through the third output port and the third output port. Four output ports are equal amplitude inverted output.

In the embodiment of the present application, by combining the third magic T, the ferrite circulator connected with the short-circuit load, and the first magic T, by controlling the two ferrite circulators to be in the same or different magnetic field bias states, It also controls the power signals that are orthogonal to each other to be input from the two input ports of the ferrite switch at the same time, which realizes the function of the double-pole double-throw switch, and makes the double-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the double-pole double-throw switch The low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and magic T are maintained, which can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

In a possible implementation, the ferrite circulator includes a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.

The ferrite circulator can be set in various forms such as waveguide, microstrip or stripline, which can flexibly adapt to various port types and improve the applicability of ferrite switches.

In a possible implementation, the first magic T includes a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.

The first magic T can be set in various forms such as waveguide, microstrip or stripline, which can flexibly adapt to various port types and improve the applicability of ferrite switches.

In a possible implementation, the ferrite switch further includes two coils, and the two coils are respectively connected to the two ferrite circulators for providing the first magnetic field bias state or the ferrite circulator. The second magnetic field bias state.

By controlling the switch and current direction of the two coils, the ferrite circulator can be controlled to be in the first magnetic field bias state or the second magnetic field bias state.

Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a microwave antenna, including at least one ferrite switch as described above, the ferrite switch is connected to the feed of the microwave antenna, and the ferrite switch is used to control the microwave antenna to perform beam scanning.

Another aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including the microwave antenna described above.

The embodiments of the application provide a ferrite switch, an antenna, and electronic equipment. The ferrite switch combines a coupler, a ferrite circulator connected with a short-circuit load, and a first magic T, and controls the two ferrites. When the circulator is in the same or different magnetic field bias state, the reciprocity function of the ferrite switch can be realized, and the ferrite switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, which can significantly improve the iron The performance of the ferrite switch further improves the performance of the antenna with the ferrite switch, and improves the performance of the electronic device.

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ferrite switch provided by an embodiment of the application;

Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ferrite circulator provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first magic T provided by an embodiment of the application;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-pole four-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual single-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application.

Description of reference signs:

100-coupler; 11-three decibel coupler; 12-second magic T; 13-third magic T; 200-ferrite circulator; 21-short-circuit load; R1-first port; R2-second port ; R3-third port; 300-first magic T; K1-first single-pole double-throw switch; K2-second single-pole double-throw switch; K3-third single-pole double-throw switch.

Detailed ways

High-frequency switches include electromechanical switches, semiconductor active switches and ferrite switches. Among them, the electromechanical switch realizes the switch function through the on-off state of the micro-electromechanical system control link. The semiconductor active switch realizes the switching function by changing the direction of the diode bias voltage and controlling the on and off of the link. The ferrite switch realizes the switch selection function by changing the external magnetization state and controlling the corresponding relationship between the ports.

However, the above three types of high-frequency switches each have different disadvantages. The main disadvantages of electromechanical switches are high cost, slow response speed, and limited lifetime reliability, so it is difficult to apply to some scenes that require frequent switching of switches. The main disadvantage of semiconductor active switches, such as PIN switches, is the high insertion loss, so it is difficult to apply to scenarios where some systems are sensitive to insertion loss. The performance of the ferrite switch is between the electromechanical switch and the semiconductor active switch, and is suitable for most scenarios. However, under the same external magnetic field, the two ports of the ferrite switch cannot be reciprocated. The easy characteristics affect the flexibility of using high-frequency switches.

In the related art, the Y-junction type combined ferrite switch or the differential phase shift type ferrite switch can be used to solve the problem that the ferrite switch cannot be reciprocated. The Y-junction combined ferrite switch refers to the setting of three Y-junction circulators, and a switch capable of bidirectional transmission is formed by controlling the ring direction of each circulator. The phase shift type ferrite switch needs to add a phase shifter, by controlling the phase shift to be close to 0 or 180 degrees, the reciprocity of the switch is realized. However, when using Y-junction combination or differential phase shift ferrite switch, the additional transmission link and phase shift device will make the structure of the ferrite switch complicated, and at the same time the loss of energy and gain when the circuit is connected high.

In order to solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a ferrite switch and an antenna. By combining a coupler, two ferrite circulators and a magic T, the ferrite switch can be reciprocated while retaining The advantages of low insertion loss of ferrite switches.

The ferrite switch, microwave antenna, and electronic equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

An electronic device provided by an embodiment of this application includes, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a handheld computer, a walkie-talkie, a netbook, a POS machine, and a personal digital Mobile or fixed terminals with antennas such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), wearable devices, virtual reality devices, wireless USB flash drives, Bluetooth audio/headsets, or in-vehicle devices.

Among them, the antenna can be used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves in radio equipment. The same antenna can be used as a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna, and its characteristic parameters when used as a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna are the same, that is, the antenna has mutual Easy characteristics. The ferrite switch is connected to the feed source of the microwave antenna, and the ferrite switch is used to control the microwave antenna to perform beam scanning. In order to realize the reciprocity characteristic of the antenna, the high-frequency switch used in the antenna, such as the ferrite switch, also needs to have the reciprocity characteristic.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a ferrite switch provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a ferrite switch, including a coupler 100, a first magic T300, and two ferrite circulators 200. The two ferrite circulators 200 are connected in parallel to the coupler. Between 100 and the first magic T300.

Among them, the coupler 100 refers to a device that can proportionally divide a channel of microwave power into several channels and combine the multiple channels of microwave power into one channel. In the embodiment of the present application, the coupler 100 has two output ports S1 and S2, and the two output ports S1 and S2 can output power signals of equal amplitude and phase or power signals of equal amplitude and reverse phase. Specifically, the coupler 100 may be a three-decibel coupler or a magic T coupler capable of outputting two power signals of equal amplitude and phase or equal amplitude and reverse phase.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ferrite circulator provided by an embodiment of the application. Referring to FIG. 2, the ferrite circulator 200 provided by the embodiment of the present application is a three-port device with a first port R1, a second port R2, and a third port R3. A short-circuit load 21 is connected to the port R2.

The short-circuit load 21 is a waveguide sheet, and the short-circuit load 21 is configured to output the first phase of the power signal input from the first port R1 from the third port R3 when the ferrite circulator 200 is in the first magnetic field bias state. When the ferrite circulator 200 is in the second magnetic field bias state, the power signal input from the first port R1 is reflected by the second port R2 and then output from the third port R3 in the second phase. The phase difference is 180 degrees.

The first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 for receiving power signals from the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 respectively.

When the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, the first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 input power signals of equal amplitude and phase. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, that is, both are in the first magnetic field bias state or both are in the second magnetic field bias state, the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase. ; If the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in different magnetic field bias states, that is, in the first magnetic field bias state and the second magnetic field bias state, respectively, the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 Output power signal with equal amplitude and reverse phase.

Similarly, when the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 output equal amplitude and inverted power signals, the first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 input equal amplitude and inverted power signals. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 outputs equal amplitude and inverted power signals; if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set in In different magnetic field bias states, the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase.

Conversely, when the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 input power signals of equal amplitude and phase, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the two ferrite circulators 200 The first port R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 outputs equal amplitude and in-phase power signals. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in different magnetic field bias states, the first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output equal amplitude and inverted Power signal; when the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 inputs equal amplitude and reverse phase power signals, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are in different magnetic field bias states, then the two ferrite circulators 200 The first port R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 outputs equal amplitude and in-phase power signals. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the first port R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output equal amplitude inverted signals. Phase power signal.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first magic T provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in Fig. 3, the first magic T300 is a four-port device, which is a combination of E-T power points and H-T power points with symmetrical planes, and includes two input ports P1, P2 and two output ports P3, P4. P3 forms H-T power points with P1 and P2, and P4 forms E-T power points with P1 and P2. The function of the first magic T is satisfied. When P1 and P2 input equal amplitude and in-phase power signals, their combined power signal is output from P3; when P1 and P2 input equal amplitude and inverted power signals, their combined power signal is output from P4 . Conversely, the power signal input from P3 outputs a power signal of equal amplitude and phase through P1 and P2; the power signal input from P4 outputs a power signal of equal amplitude and reverse phase through P1 and P2.

The two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300 are respectively connected to the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200.

The working process of the ferrite switch provided in the embodiment of the application is:

When the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, the second ferrite circulator 200 The three-port R3 outputs a power signal of equal amplitude and phase. The power signal of equal amplitude and phase is input from the two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300, and output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300; if two ferrites are set If the circulator 200 is in different magnetic field bias states, the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output equal amplitude and inverted power signals, and the equal amplitude and inverted power signals come from the two inputs of the first magic T300 Ports P1 and P2 are input and output from the output port P4 of the first magic T.

In the same way, when the two output ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 output equal amplitude and inverted power signals, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, the two ferrite The third port R3 of the circulator 200 outputs a constant amplitude and inverted power signal. The constant amplitude and inverted power signal is input from the two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300 and output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300; If the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in different magnetic field bias states, the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, and the power signals of equal amplitude and phase are from the first magic The two input ports P1 and P2 of T300 are input and output from the output port P3 of the first magic T.

Conversely, after the power signal is input from P3 of the first magic T, the power signals of equal amplitude and phase are output from P1 and P2 of the first magic T. At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field deviation Set state, the two ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 input power signals of equal amplitude and phase. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in different magnetic field bias states, the two ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 Input a power signal with equal amplitude and reverse phase. After the power signal is input from P4 of the first magic T300, the same amplitude and inverted power signal is output from P1 and P2 of the first magic T300. At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, Then the two ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 input power signals of equal amplitude and reverse phase. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in different magnetic field bias states, the two ports S1 and S2 of the coupler 100 input, etc. A power signal in phase.

Among them, the ferrite circulator 200 includes waveguide, microstrip or stripline forms, and the first magic T300 also includes waveguide, microstrip or stripline forms, which can flexibly adapt to various port types.

In addition, the ferrite switch provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes two coils (not shown in the figure), and the two coils are respectively connected to the two ferrite circulators 200, which are used to provide the ferrite circulator 200 Provide a first magnetic field bias state or a second magnetic field bias state. By controlling the switch and current direction of the two coils, the ferrite circulator 200 can be controlled to be in the first magnetic field bias state, the second magnetic field bias state or not have the magnetic field bias state.

In summary, in the embodiment of the present application, by combining the coupler 100, the ferrite circulator 200 connected with the short-circuit load 21, and the first magic T300, by controlling the two ferrite circulators 200 to be the same or Different magnetic field bias states can realize the reciprocity function of the ferrite switch, and the ferrite switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, which can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch , Thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

The different ferrite switches provided in the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

Example one

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application. Referring to FIG. 4, an embodiment of the present application provides a single-pole double-throw switch, the single-pole double-throw switch includes a three-decibel coupler 11, a first magic T300 and two ferrite circulators 200, three-decibel coupler 11 has an input port S3 and two output ports S4, S5. The first port R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 is respectively connected to the two output ports S4 and S5 of the three-decibel coupler 11. Two ferrites The second port R2 of the circulator 200 is respectively connected to the short-circuit load 21, and the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300.

The working process of the single-pole double-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the application is:

After the power signal is input from the input port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11, it is output from the two output ports S4 and S5 of the three-decibel coupler 11 with equal amplitude and same phase. At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be at the same In the magnetic field bias state, the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, and the final power signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300; if two ferrite circulators are set 200 are in different magnetic field bias states. The third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and reverse phase, and finally the power signals are output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300.

On the contrary, when the power signal is input from the port P3 of the first magic T300, the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, so that the power signal is finally output from the port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11; When the power signal is input from the port P4 of the first magic T300, the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in different magnetic field bias states, so that the power signal can be output from the port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11.

Among them, the three-decibel coupler includes a variety of forms such as waveguide, microstrip or stripline, which can flexibly adapt to various port types.

The single-pole double-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the application is configured by combining a three-decibel coupler, a ferrite circulator connected with a short-circuit load, and a first magic T, and by controlling the two ferrite circulators to be at the same or different The magnetic field bias state realizes the function of the single-pole double-throw switch, and makes the single-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the single-pole double-throw switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, which can significantly improve The performance of the ferrite switch improves the performance of the antenna.

Example two

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-pole four-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 5, an embodiment of the present application provides a single-pole four-throw switch. The single-pole four-throw switch is formed by connecting three single-pole double-throw switches provided in the above-mentioned first embodiment. The first single-pole double-throw switch K1 is connected in parallel. The second single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the third single-pole double-throw switch K3 are arranged in series.

Specifically, the input port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1 is used as the input port of the single-pole four-throw switch, and the two output ports P3 and P4 of the first magic T300 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1, Connected to the input port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the third single-pole double-throw switch K3 respectively, and the first magic T300 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the third single-pole double-throw switch K3 The output ports P3 and P4 are used as the output ports of the single-pole four-throw switch. For the specific structure of the first single pole double throw switch K1, the second single pole switch K2, and the third single pole double throw switch K3, refer to the description in the first embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

The working process of the single-pole four-throw switch provided in the embodiment of the application is:

After the power signal is input from the input port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1, when the two ferrite circulators 200 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the power The signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1. At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the power signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2; If the two ferrite circulators 200 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 are in different magnetic field bias states, the power signal is output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2. After the power signal is input from the input port S3 of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1, when the two ferrite circulators 200 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1 are in different magnetic field bias states, the power The signal is output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300 of the first SPDT switch K1; at this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 of the third SPDT switch K3 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the power The signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300 of the third single-pole double-throw switch K2; if the two ferrite circulators 200 of the third single-pole double-throw switch K2 are in different magnetic field bias states, the power signal is from the first The output port P4 of the first magic T300 of the three single-pole double-throw switch K2 is output.

Conversely, when the power signal is input from the P3 port of the first magic T300 of the second SPDT switch K2, set the second SPDT switch K2 and the two ferrite circulators 200 of the first SPDT switch K1. In the same magnetic field bias state respectively, the power signal is finally output from the S3 port of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1. When the power signal is input from the P4 port of the first magic T300 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2, the two ferrite circulators 200 of the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 are set to be in different magnetic field bias states. The two ferrite circulators 200 of the throw switch K1 are in the same magnetic field bias state, and the power signal is finally output from the S3 port of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1. When the power signal is input from the P3 port of the first magic T300 of the third single-pole double-throw switch K3, the two ferrite circulators 200 of the third single-pole double-throw switch K2 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state. The two ferrite circulators 200 of the throw switch K1 are in different magnetic field bias states, and the power signal is finally output from the S3 port of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1. When the power signal is input from the P4 port of the first magic T300 of the third single-pole double-throw switch K2, the second single-pole double-throw switch K2 and the two ferrite circulators 200 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1 are in different magnetic fields respectively. In the bias state, the power signal is finally output from the S3 port of the three-decibel coupler 11 of the first single-pole double-throw switch K1;

It should be noted that, according to the structure and working principle of the single-pole four-throw switch provided in the embodiments of the present application, it is not difficult to imagine that multiple single-pole double-throw switches can also be arranged in series and parallel to realize the single-pole multi-throw function.

In the single-pole four-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the application, a single-pole double-throw switch and two parallel-connected single-pole double-throw switches are arranged in series, and each single-pole double-throw switch consists of a three-decibel coupler and a ferrite connected to a short-circuit load. The combination of the circulator and the first magic T, realizes the function of the single-pole four-throw switch by controlling the magnetic field bias state of the three sets of ferrite circulators, and makes the single-pole four-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the single-pole four-throw switch The switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and magic T, which can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

Example three

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a dual single-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 6, an embodiment of the present application provides a dual single-pole double-throw switch. The dual single-pole double-throw switch includes a second magic T12, a first magic T300, and two ferrite circulators 200. The second magic T12 has The first input port S6, the second input port S7, the first output port S8 and the second output port S9, the first input port S6 and the second input port S7 are used to select one input power signal, and the first input port S6 inputs The power signal is output in the same amplitude and phase through the first output port S8 and the second output port S9, and the power input from the second input port S7 is output through the first output port S8 and the second output port S9 in equal amplitude and inverted phase.

The first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the first output port S8 and the second output port S9 of the second magic T12, and the second ports R2 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected with short circuits. The load 21 and the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300.

The working process of the double single-pole double-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the present application is:

After the power signal is input from the first input port S6 of the second magic T12, it is output from the first output port S8 and the second output port S9 of the second magic T12 at equal amplitude and in phase. At this time, if two ferrite circulators are installed 200 is in the same magnetic field bias state, the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, and the final power signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300; if two ferrite circulators are set The ferrite circulator 200 is in different magnetic field bias states. The third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and reverse phase, and finally the power signals are output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300.

After the power signal is input from the second input port S7 of the second magic T12, it is output in equal amplitude and inverted from the first output port S8 and the second output port S9 of the second magic T12. At this time, if two ferrite rings are set If the two ferrite circulators 200 are in the same magnetic field bias state, the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 outputs equal amplitude and reverse phase power signals, and the final power signal is output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300; The two ferrite circulators 200 are in different magnetic field bias states. The third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 output power signals of equal amplitude and phase, and the final power signal is output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300 .

On the contrary, when the power signal is input from the port P3 of the first magic T300, the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, so that the power signal can finally be transmitted from the first input port S6 of the second magic T12. To output, set the two ferrite circulators 200 to be in opposite magnetic field bias states, so that the power signal is finally output from the second input port S7 of the second magic T12; when the power signal is input from the port P4 of the first magic T300, Set the two ferrite circulators 200 to be in the same magnetic field bias state, so that the power signal can be finally output from the second input port S7 of the second magic T12, and set the two ferrite circulators 200 to be in opposite magnetic field biases. State, the power signal can finally be output from the first input port S6 of the second magic T12.

Among them, the second magic T12 includes waveguide, microstrip or stripline and other forms, which can flexibly adapt to various port types.

The dual single-pole double-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the present application is configured by combining the second magic T, the ferrite circulator connected with the short-circuit load, and the first magic T, and by controlling the two ferrite circulators to be the same or different The magnetic field bias state of the ferrite switch, and the power signal is selected from the two input ports of the ferrite switch, which realizes the function of the double single-pole double-throw switch, and makes the double single-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and the double single-pole The double-throw switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and magic T, which can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

Example four

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-pole double-throw switch provided by an embodiment of the application. As shown in FIG. 7, an embodiment of the present application provides a double-pole double-throw switch. The double-pole double-throw switch includes a third magic T13, a first magic T300, and two ferrite circulators 200. The third magic T13 has The third input port S10, the fourth input port S11, the third output port S12, and the fourth output port S13. The third input port S10 and the fourth input port S11 are used to simultaneously input mutually orthogonal power signals. The third input port The power signal input by S10 is output in equal amplitude and in-phase through the third output port S12 and the fourth output port S13, and the power input in the fourth input port S11 is output in equal amplitude and inverted through the third output port S12 and the fourth output port S13.

The first ports R1 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the third output port S12 and the fourth output port S13 of the third magic T13, and the second ports R2 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected with short circuits. The load 21 and the third ports R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 are respectively connected to the two input ports P1 and P2 of the first magic T300.

The working process of the double-pole double-throw switch provided in the embodiment of this application is:

After the mutually orthogonal power signals are input from the third input port S10 and the fourth input port S11 of the third magic T13, they do not interfere with each other. The power signal input from the third input port S10 is from the third output port of the third magic T13. S12 and the fourth output port S13 output the first power signal of equal amplitude and phase, the power signal input from the fourth input port S11 of the third magic T13, and the third output port S12 and the fourth output port of the third magic T13 S13 outputs the second power signal with equal amplitude and reverse phase.

At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, the first power signal with the same amplitude and phase will continue to output the same amplitude through the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 The power signal of the same phase, the first power signal is finally output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300; and the second power signal of equal amplitude and inverted phase is continuously output through the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200 The power signal with equal amplitude and reverse phase, and finally the second power signal is output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300.

At this time, if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in different magnetic field bias states, the first power signal of the same amplitude and phase will be output through the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200. The power signal of the same phase is finally output from the output port P4 of the first magic T300; the second power signal of equal amplitude and inverted phase is output through the third port R3 of the two ferrite circulators 200. , And finally output from the output port P3 of the first magic T300.

On the contrary, when mutually orthogonal power signals are input from ports P3 and P4 of the first magic T300, they do not interfere with each other. If the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the same magnetic field bias state, the power signal input from the port P3 of the first magic T300 can finally be output from the third input port S10 of the third magic T13, and from the first magic T300 The input power signal of port P4 of the third magic T13 is finally output from the fourth input port S11 of the third magic T13; if the two ferrite circulators 200 are set to be in the opposite magnetic field bias state, the input from the port P3 of the first magic T300 The power signal is finally output from the fourth input port S11 of the third magic T13, and the power signal input from the port P4 of the first magic T300 is finally output from the third input port S10 of the third magic T13.

Among them, the third magic T13 includes waveguide, microstrip or stripline and other forms, which can flexibly adapt to various port types.

In the double-pole double-throw switch provided by the embodiment of the application, the third magic T, the ferrite circulator connected to the short-circuit load, and the first magic T are combined and set, and the two ferrite circulators are controlled to be the same or different. The magnetic field bias state of the magnetic field and the control of the mutually orthogonal power signals are simultaneously input from the two input ports of the ferrite switch, which realizes the function of the double-pole double-throw switch, and makes the double-pole double-throw switch have reciprocity characteristics; and The double-pole double-throw switch maintains the low insertion loss characteristics of the ferrite circulator and the magic T, and can significantly improve the performance of the ferrite switch, thereby improving the performance of the antenna.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, not to limit them; although the embodiments of the present application are described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art It should be understood that: it can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalently replace some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the embodiments of this application. The scope of the technical solution of each embodiment.

Claims

A ferrite switch, characterized in that it comprises a coupler, a first magic T and two ferrite circulators;

The ferrite circulator has a first port, a second port, and a third port. A short-circuit load is connected to the second port. The first ports of the two ferrite circulators are connected to the The two output ports of the coupler are connected, and the two output ports of the coupler are used to output power signals of equal amplitude and in-phase or equal amplitude and reverse phase, and the third ports of the two ferrite circulators are connected to each other respectively. The two input ports of the first magic T are connected, and the inverted power signals of equal amplitude in-phase and equal amplitude inverted are inputted from the two input ports of the first magic T, respectively, from the first magic T Two output ports of Magic T are output;

The short-circuit load is configured such that when the ferrite circulator is in the first magnetic field bias state, the power signal input from the first port outputs the first phase from the third port, and when the ferrite circulator is in the first magnetic field bias state, When the ferrite circulator is in the second magnetic field bias state, the power signal input from the first port is reflected by the second port and then the second phase is output from the third port. The first phase and the The phase difference of the second phase is 180 degrees;

The two ferrite circulators are configured to have the same or different magnetic field bias states.
The ferrite switch according to claim 1, wherein the coupler comprises a three-decibel coupler, the three-decibel coupler has one input port and two output ports, and the power signal is coupled from the three-decibel After the input port of the three-decibel coupler is input, the two output ports of the three-decibel coupler are output in the same amplitude and in phase; one of the three-decibel coupler, the first magic T and the two ferrite circulators form A single pole double throw switch.
The ferrite switch according to claim 2, wherein the number of single-pole double-throw switches is three, and the first single-pole double-throw switch is connected in parallel with the second single-pole double-throw switch and the third single-pole double-throw switch. Switches are set in series.
The ferrite switch according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the three-decibel coupler comprises a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.
The ferrite switch according to claim 1, wherein the coupler includes a second magic T, and the second magic T has a first input port, a second input port, a first output port, and a second magic T. Output port, the first input port and the second input port are used to select one input power signal, and the power signal input from the first input port is equal in amplitude through the first output port and the second output port In-phase output, and the power signal input from the second input port is output with equal amplitude and reverse phase through the first output port and the second output port.
The ferrite switch of claim 1, wherein the coupler includes a third magic T, and the third magic T includes a third input port, a fourth input port, a third output port, and a fourth magic T. An output port, the third input port and the fourth input port are used to simultaneously input mutually orthogonal power signals, and the power signal input from the third input port passes through the third output port and the fourth output The ports are output in equal amplitude and in phase, and the power signal input from the fourth input port is output in equal amplitude and inverted through the third output port and the fourth output port.
The ferrite switch according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ferrite circulator comprises a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.
The ferrite switch according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first magic T comprises a waveguide, microstrip or stripline form.
The ferrite switch according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the ferrite switch further comprises two coils, and the two coils are respectively connected to the two ferrite circulators. The above is used to provide the first magnetic field bias state or the second magnetic field bias state for the ferrite circulator.
A microwave antenna, comprising at least one ferrite switch according to any one of claims 1-9, the ferrite switch is connected to the feed source of the microwave antenna, and the ferrite switch It is used to control the microwave antenna to perform beam scanning.
An electronic device, characterized by comprising the microwave antenna according to claim 10.