RU2802865C1 - Twelve-port crossover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: microwave technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention aims to ensure continuous transmission of signals in six intersecting directions without their interaction with each other.

EFFECT; creation of a crossover without the use of multilayer substrates and attachments, which makes it possible to expand the arsenal of crossovers and devices using them (diagram-forming circuits).

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Description

The invention relates to microwave technology, in particular to ensure continuous transmission of signals in six intersecting directions without their interaction with each other.

Widely known are quadrature loop couplers containing a dielectric substrate, which on one side is completely metallized (screen), and on the opposite side there is a device topology consisting of two parallel transmission lines connected by quarter-wave stubs at a distance of a quarter wavelength from each other (Volman V. I., Pimenov Yu.V. Technical electrodynamics - “Communication”, 1971. - 487 pp.). This device divides the input power between its two outputs with the required division ratio and a phase difference of 90°. In this case, the remaining output is decoupled. The disadvantages of such a coupler are: significant dimensions, especially at low frequencies, unused area inside the device and the presence of spurious bands at higher frequencies.

The simplest way to implement two intersecting microstrip lines is to use hanging elements. A more complex option is to use multilayer substrates. If the crossing needs to be done in one layer of the conductor, then you can use a pair of two-stub bridges connected in series, or use a two-stub directional coupler with a co-directional type of directivity and full coupling (the signal arriving at the input of the device passes to the output located diagonally on the device).

To assess the current state of the issue in the development of microwave crossovers, let’s consider some works that describe circuit solutions that make it possible to implement the physical intersection of several transmission lines with high isolation between them.

In [WANG, Y., HENIN, B. and ABBOSH, A., 2013. Wideband microwave crossover using slotted microstrip patch, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest) 2013, pp. 1002-1003] describe a wideband four-port crossover consisting of a “patch” with curved edges and four symmetrical fan-shaped slots inside it.

In [ABBOSH, A., IBRAHIM, S. and KARIM, M., 2012. Ultra-wideband crossover using microstrip-to-coplanar waveguide transitions. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 22(10), pp. 500-502] presents an ultra-wideband crossover that includes a pair of wide-coupled microstrip-coplanar waveguides, vias, and a pair of microstrip-coplanar waveguides.

In [LIU, W., ZHANG, Z., FENG, Z. and ISKANDER, M.F., 2012. A compact wideband microstrip crossover. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 22(5), pp. 254-256] the authors managed to obtain a crossover consisting of coplanar waveguides, vias and two substrate layers.

In [MEHTA, M.T., NAVEEN, K.A., RAJAN, V., PILLAI, R. and MENON, S.K., 2016. Planar crossover for beamforming networks using Sierpenski gaskets, 2015 International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing India, ICCC 2015 2016, pp. 459-463] a crossover with four ports connected to a square platform with cutouts was studied.

In [ZHOU, Y., ZHOU, K., ZHANG, J., ZHOU, C. and WU, W., 2018. Miniaturized substrate integrated waveguide filtering crossover, 2017 IEEE Electrical Design of Advanced Packaging and Systems Symposium, EDAPS 2017 2018 , pp. 1-3] to implement the crossover, integrated waveguides on the substrate are used.

In [CHIOU, Y.-., KUO, J.-. and LEE, H.-., 2009. Design of compact symmetric four-port crossover junction. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 19(9), pp. 545-547] describe a crossover circuit consisting of a ring and two internal orthogonal sections connecting the diagonal ports. In [TANG, C.-., LIN, K.-. and CHEN, W.-., 2014. Analysis and design of compact and wide-passband planar crossovers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 62(12), pp. 2975-2982] describes a similar design.

In [YAO, J., LEE, C. and YEO, S.P., 2011. Microstrip branch-line couplers for crossover application. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 59(1), pp. 87-92] describe a crossover obtained using a four-stub directional coupler with full coupling. In [NACHOUANE, H., NAJID, A., TRIBAK, A. and RIOUCH, F., 2014. Broadband 4x4 Butler matrix using wideband 90° hybrid couplers and crossovers for beamforming networks, International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Proceedings 2014, pp. 1444-1448] describes a similar design, but using a five-line directional coupler.

In [LIU, X., YU, C., LIU, Y., LI, S., WU, F. and SU, M., 2010. A novel compact planar crossover with simple design procedure, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings , APMC 2010, pp. 1633-1636] several crossover designs are described.

All of the crossovers described above provide continuous transmission of signals in two intersecting directions without them interacting with each other. The disadvantage of these designs is the inability to provide the necessary signal transmission when more than two lines intersect.

If it is necessary to ensure the transmission of signals along three intersecting lines, then the following work can be considered: [TANG, C.-. and CHUANG, W.-., 2015. Design of the Planar Six-Port Crossover with Double Rings. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 25(10), pp. 651-653], [WU, L.-., GUO, Y.-. and M.A.O., J.-., 2014. A planar microstrip crossover with lumped inductors for three intersecting channels. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 62(4), pp. 851-860] and [WU, L.-. and MAO, J.-., 2016. A planar filtering crossover for three intersecting channels, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest 2016]. All three designs are designed so that most of the input power is transferred to only one output.

If it is necessary to ensure the transmission of signals along four intersecting lines, then in [CHU, P.-. and TANG, C.-., 2018. Design of a Compact Planar Crossover with Four Intersecting Channels. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 28(4), pp. 293-295] presents a crossover design consisting of two cascoded rings with eight ports, and the electrical lengths of the segments and the resistance ratio between the lines were chosen based on achieving the desired center frequency.

As a result, crossovers were considered that made it possible to simulate the operation of two, three and four intersecting lines. No work was found that provided signal transmission over more than four intersecting lines.

The technical problem solved by this invention is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means by providing the possibility of continuous transmission of signals in six intersecting directions without their interaction with each other, as well as the creation of a simple and reliable crossover design using a set of the same type of directional couplers with full communication.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a crossover without the use of multilayer substrates and hanging elements, which makes it possible to expand the arsenal of crossovers and devices using them (diagram-forming circuits).

The technical solution is achieved in that a twelve-port crossover, characterized in that it contains twelve input lines and thirteen directional couplers with full coupling, a dielectric substrate, one surface of which is metallized, and on the other, the first input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the device, the second input the first directional coupler is connected to the second input of the device, the third input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the third directional coupler, the fourth input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the second directional coupler, the second input of the second directional coupler is connected to the third input of the device, the third input of the second directional coupler is connected to the second input of the third directional coupler, the fourth input of the second directional coupler is connected to the first input of the sixth directional coupler, the third input of the third directional coupler is connected to the second input of the fifth directional coupler, the fourth input of the third directional coupler is connected to the first input of the seventh directional coupler, the first input the fifth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the fourth directional coupler, the third input of the fifth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the eighth directional coupler, the fourth input of the fifth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the seventh directional coupler, the first input of the fourth directional coupler is connected to the fourth input of the device, the third input the fourth directional coupler is connected to the sixth input of the device, the fourth input of the fourth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the eighth directional coupler, the third input of the eighth directional coupler is connected to the eighth input of the device, the fourth input of the eighth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the twelfth directional coupler, the second input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the fifth input of the device, the third input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the ninth directional coupler, the fourth input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the tenth directional coupler, the third input of the seventh directional coupler is connected to the first input of the ninth directional coupler, the third input of the ninth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the eleventh directional coupler, the fourth input of the ninth directional coupler is connected to the third input of the tenth directional coupler, the second input of the tenth directional coupler is connected to the seventh input of the device, the fourth input of the tenth directional coupler is connected to the ninth input of the device, the first input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected with the fourth input of the seventh directional coupler, the third input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected to the second input of the twelfth directional coupler, the fourth input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected to the second input of the thirteenth directional coupler, the third input of the twelfth directional coupler is connected to the tenth input of the device, the fourth input of the twelfth directional coupler is connected with the first input of the thirteenth directional coupler, the third input of the thirteenth directional coupler is connected to the eleventh input of the device, the fourth input of the thirteenth directional coupler is connected to the twelfth input of the device.

The characteristic impedances of fully coupled directional couplers are designed to ensure that the input signal is transferred to the diagonally located output with minimal signal transfer to the other two outputs. The better the coupler is tuned, the greater the percentage of the input signal that will reach the desired output. The design of directional couplers can be different. However, if loop quadrature couplers are used, then the more loops in the coupler, the wider the frequency band over which the input signal is transmitted to the desired output. However, this will also lead to an increase in the size of the device.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a twelve-port crossover consisting of thirteen directional couplers (1A-13A) connected in a special way.

In fig. Figure 2 shows an example of the design of a twelve-port crossover (one of the possible topologies obtained according to the diagram in Figure 1).

In fig. Figure 3 shows the frequency characteristics of a twelve-port crossover (Fig. 2) obtained in the Cadence AWR program - a graph of S -parameters versus frequency.

On the dielectric substrate, on one side (Fig. 2), there is a topology of a twelve-port crossover, consisting of twelve supply lines (input/output sections) and thirteen directional couplers with full communication (transmitting the input signal to a port located diagonally and thereby simulating the operation two intersecting lines), and on the other side a completely metallized surface.

An example of the proposed design of a twelve-port crossover, implemented on a Rogers 3300 substrate with a thickness of 1.024 mm (Fig. 2), operates at a center frequency of 1 GHz. This design uses four-stub, fully coupled directional couplers (crossovers simulating the intersection of two lines). The transmission coefficient at the center frequency is 1.7 dB (Fig. 3).

The twelve-port crossover according to the invention works as follows.

Let's say a 1 GHz input signal at input 2 of a twelve-port crossover is fed into a 1A fully coupled directional coupler, through which the signal passes to the diagonal output. The signal is then propagated along a transmission line connecting the directional couplers with full 1A and 3A coupling. The signal entering the input of the 3A full coupling directional coupler passes through it and arrives at the output located diagonally, and then travels through the transmission line to the input of the 7A full coupling directional coupler. The signal entering the input of the 7A full coupling directional coupler passes through it and arrives at the output located diagonally, and then travels through the transmission line to the input of the 11A full coupling directional coupler. Next, the signal entering the input of the directional coupler with full coupling 11A passes through it and arrives at the output located diagonally, and then arrives through the transmission line to the input of the directional couplers with full coupling 13A. The signal entering the 13A full coupling directional coupler input passes through it to the diagonal output and then travels through the transmission line to the 8th output of the twelve-port crossover. When a signal is applied to any other port, the twelve-port crossover will operate in the same way.

Claims (1)

1. A twelve-port crossover, characterized in that it contains twelve input lines and thirteen directional couplers with full coupling, a dielectric substrate, one surface of which is metallized, and on the other, the first input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the device, the second input of the first directional coupler is connected with the second input of the device, the third input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the third directional coupler, the fourth input of the first directional coupler is connected to the first input of the second directional coupler, the second input of the second directional coupler is connected to the third input of the device, the third input of the second directional coupler is connected to the second input of the third directional coupler, the fourth input of the second directional coupler is connected to the first input of the sixth directional coupler, the third input of the third directional coupler is connected to the second input of the fifth directional coupler, the fourth input of the third directional coupler is connected to the first input of the seventh directional coupler, the first input of the fifth directional coupler is connected with the second input of the fourth directional coupler, the third input of the fifth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the eighth directional coupler, the fourth input of the fifth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the seventh directional coupler, the first input of the fourth directional coupler is connected to the fourth input of the device, the third input of the fourth directional coupler is connected with the sixth input of the device, the fourth input of the fourth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the eighth directional coupler, the third input of the eighth directional coupler is connected to the eighth input of the device, the fourth input of the eighth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the twelfth directional coupler, the second input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the fifth input of the device, the third input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the ninth directional coupler, the fourth input of the sixth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the tenth directional coupler, the third input of the seventh directional coupler is connected to the first input of the ninth directional coupler, the third input of the ninth directional coupler is connected to the second input of the eleventh directional coupler, the fourth input of the ninth directional coupler is connected to the third input of the tenth directional coupler, the second input of the tenth directional coupler is connected to the seventh input of the device, the fourth input of the tenth directional coupler is connected to the ninth input of the device, the first input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected to the fourth input of the seventh directional coupler, the third input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected to the second input of the twelfth directional coupler, the fourth input of the eleventh directional coupler is connected to the second input of the thirteenth directional coupler, the third input of the twelfth directional coupler is connected to the tenth input of the device, the fourth input of the twelfth directional coupler is connected to the first input of the thirteenth directional coupler, the third input of the thirteenth directional coupler is connected to the eleventh input of the device, the fourth input of the thirteenth directional coupler is connected to the twelfth input of the device.