WO2021213000A1 - 媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021213000A1
WO2021213000A1 PCT/CN2021/077698 CN2021077698W WO2021213000A1 WO 2021213000 A1 WO2021213000 A1 WO 2021213000A1 CN 2021077698 W CN2021077698 W CN 2021077698W WO 2021213000 A1 WO2021213000 A1 WO 2021213000A1
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Prior art keywords
network element
media message
media
type
encoding
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PCT/CN2021/077698
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李永翠
潘奇
黄正磊
倪慧
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21793341.5A priority Critical patent/EP4124047A4/en
Publication of WO2021213000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021213000A1/zh
Priority to US17/970,891 priority patent/US20230050923A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2408—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting different services, e.g. a differentiated services [DiffServ] type of service
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2425—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS for supporting services specification, e.g. SLA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
    • H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
    • H04L47/24—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS
    • H04L47/2483—Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS involving identification of individual flows
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/70—Media network packetisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a method, device and system for transmitting media messages.
  • encoding technologies for example, H.264 encoding technology, H.264 scalable video coding (SVC) technology, etc.
  • SVC scalable video coding
  • media messages compressed by using encoding technologies correspond to different encoding types, and media messages with different encoding types have a dependency relationship in the decoding process.
  • the receiving end when it decodes the received media message, it needs to wait for the media message on which the media message depends to be received before decoding the media message.
  • H.264 encoding technology to encode media service data as an example
  • the sending end uses H.264 encoding technology to encode the data of the media service and sends it to the receiving end.
  • the receiving end can independently decode the I frame.
  • the decoding of the P frame depends on the I frame before the P frame.
  • P frame the decoding of B frame depends on the I frame or P frame before and after it.
  • the sending end sends media messages to the receiving end according to the order in which the media messages are sent.
  • the receiving end decodes the media messages, if the decoding of the current media message needs to depend on other media messages , The decoding of the current media message can only be realized after the transmission of all the media messages that the current media message depends on is completed.
  • H.264 encoding to encode a media message as an example, when I frame, P frame, and B frame are transmitted in the network, they are usually transmitted in sequence according to the arrival order of the frames.
  • the decoding of P-frames needs to rely on the previous I-frame or P-frame
  • the decoding of B-frames needs to rely on the I-frames or P-frames before and after it.
  • the decoding can only be realized after the transmission of the I frame or P frame that it depends on is completed, which results in a long time for the user to wait for buffering when the media message is played.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a media message transmission method, device, and system, which can solve the technical problem that the user waits for a long time for buffering when the media message is played in the prior art.
  • a method for transmitting media messages includes: a transmitting-end network element obtains a correspondence between an encoding type and a QoS flow; wherein, the transmitting-end network element is a user plane network element or a terminal, and the QoS The stream is used to transmit the media message whose encoding type is the encoding type corresponding to the QoS stream; the sending-end network element receives the media message of the media service; the sending-end network element identifies the encoding type of the media message; the sending-end network element passes the The QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media message sends a media message carrying information associated with the encoding type to the access network element.
  • the sending end network element can identify the encoding type of the media message, and carry the information associated with the encoding type in the media message and send it to the access network element, so that the access
  • the network element can perform differentiated transmission of the media message according to the information associated with the encoding type in the media message, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, and shortening the time for the user to wait for buffering when the media message is played.
  • the sending end network element receives first indication information for instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service; according to the first indication information, the encoding type of the media message is identified .
  • the sending-end network element can determine the need to identify the encoding type of the received media message according to the received first indication information, and perform the code type recognition on the received media message in the subsequent data transmission process. Encoding type recognition.
  • the coding type in combination with the first aspect or the possible design of the first aspect, includes I frame, P frame or B frame; and/or the coding type includes a base layer or an enhancement layer.
  • the coding type may be the above-mentioned coding type, or it may be the coding type corresponding to other coding technologies, which is not limited.
  • the sending-end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message to obtain the encoding type of the media message; or the sending-end network element responds to the media message Perform application layer identification to obtain the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message; or the sending end network element performs transport layer identification on the media message to obtain the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message Or the sending end network element performs network layer identification on the media message, and obtains the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can use any of the above methods to obtain the encoding type of the media message, which provides a feasible solution for the sending-end network element to identify the encoding type of the media message and obtain the encoding type of the media message. .
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to different QoS streams, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type; or when the sending-end network element performs application layer/transport layer/network layer identification on the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes information corresponding to the encoding type indicated by the second indication information The identifier of the QoS flow.
  • the identifier of the QoS flow can be used as the information associated with the encoding type, so that the access network element can check the received media report according to the identifier of the QoS flow.
  • Differentiated transmission of the text thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, shortening the time for the user to wait for buffering when the media message is played, and improving the user experience.
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the third indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message; or when the sending end network element recognizes the media message by the application layer/transmission layer/network layer, the information associated with the encoding type includes the second indication information .
  • the media message can carry second or third indication information for indicating the encoding type of the media message, so that the network can be accessed
  • the element determines the encoding type of the media message according to the second instruction information or the third instruction information, and performs differential transmission of different encoding types, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, and shortening the user's playback of the media message When waiting for the buffer time, improve the user experience.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer or the PDCP layer of the media message.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer, and when the transmitting end network element is a terminal, the third indication information is located at the PDCP layer.
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the fourth indication information used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message; or when the sending end network element recognizes the media message by the application layer/transmission layer/network layer, the information associated with the encoding type includes Fourth indication information associated with the second indication information; where the fourth indication information is used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message.
  • fourth indication information can be carried in the media message, so that the access network element can determine that the encoding type of the media message corresponds to the fourth indication information.
  • different encoding types are transmitted according to the priority, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, shortening the waiting time for buffering when the user plays the media message, and improving the user experience.
  • the transmitting-end network element receives the priority corresponding to the encoding type; the transmitting-end network element determines the fourth indication information according to the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending end network element After the sending end network element recognizes the encoding type of the received media message, it determines the fourth indication information according to the correspondence between the encoding type and the priority.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a communication device.
  • the communication device can implement the functions performed by the sending-end network element in the first aspect or the possible design of the first aspect, and the functions can execute the corresponding software through hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions. For example, receiving module, processing module, sending module.
  • the receiving module is used to obtain the corresponding relationship between the encoding type and the QoS stream; wherein, the transmitting end network element is a user plane network element or a terminal, and the QoS stream is used to transmit the media message whose encoding type is the encoding type corresponding to the QoS stream.
  • the receiving module is also used to receive media messages of media services.
  • the processing module is used to identify the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending module is configured to send a media message carrying information associated with the encoding type to the access network network element through the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media message according to the corresponding relationship.
  • the specific implementation of the communication device may refer to the behavioral function of the sending end network element in the media message transmission method provided in the first aspect or any one of the possible designs of the first aspect, based on the communication described in the second aspect.
  • the sending end network element can identify the encoding type of the media message, and carry the information associated with the encoding type in the media message and send it to the access network element, so that the access network element can follow the information in the media message
  • the information associated with the encoding type performs differential transmission of the media message, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, shortening the waiting time for buffering when the user plays the media message, and improving the user experience.
  • the receiving module is further configured to receive first indication information for instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service; the processing module is also configured to receive the first indication information according to the first indication information. , To identify the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can determine the need to identify the encoding type of the received media message according to the received first indication information, and perform the code type recognition on the received media message in the subsequent data transmission process. Encoding type recognition.
  • the coding type in combination with the second aspect or the possible design of the second aspect, includes I frame, P frame or B frame; and/or the coding type includes base layer or enhancement layer.
  • the coding type may be the above-mentioned coding type, or it may be the coding type corresponding to other coding technologies, which is not limited.
  • the processing module is also used to identify the encoding layer of the media message to obtain the encoding type of the media message; or the processing module is also used to Recognize the media message at the application layer to obtain the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message; or the processing module is also used to identify the media message at the transport layer to obtain the encoding used to indicate the media message The second indication information of the type; or the processing module, which is also used to perform network layer recognition on the media message to obtain the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can use any of the above methods to obtain the encoding type of the media message, which provides a feasible solution for the sending-end network element to identify the encoding type of the media message and obtain the encoding type of the media message. .
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to different QoS streams, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type; or when the sending-end network element performs application layer/transport layer/network layer identification on the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes information corresponding to the encoding type indicated by the second indication information The identifier of the QoS flow.
  • the identifier of the QoS flow can be used as the information associated with the encoding type, so that the access network element can check the received media report according to the identifier of the QoS flow.
  • Differentiated transmission of the text thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, shortening the time for the user to wait for buffering when the media message is played, and improving the user experience.
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the third indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message; or when the sending end network element recognizes the media message by the application layer/transmission layer/network layer, the information associated with the encoding type includes the second indication information .
  • the media message can carry second or third indication information for indicating the encoding type of the media message, so that the network can be accessed
  • the element determines the encoding type of the media message according to the second instruction information or the third instruction information, and performs differential transmission of different encoding types, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, and shortening the user's playback of the media message When waiting for the buffer time, improve the user experience.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer or the PDCP layer of the media message.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer, and when the transmitting end network element is a terminal, the third indication information is located at the PDCP layer.
  • the sending end network element when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, it is associated with the encoding type
  • the information includes the fourth indication information used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message; or when the sending end network element recognizes the media message by the application layer/transmission layer/network layer, the information associated with the encoding type includes Fourth indication information associated with the second indication information; where the fourth indication information is used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message.
  • fourth indication information can be carried in the media message, so that the access network element can determine that the encoding type of the media message corresponds to the fourth indication information.
  • different encoding types are transmitted according to the priority, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element, shortening the waiting time for buffering when the user plays the media message, and improving the user experience.
  • the receiving module is also used to receive the priority corresponding to the encoding type; the processing module is also used to determine the second aspect according to the encoding type of the media message Four instructions.
  • the sending end network element After the sending end network element recognizes the encoding type of the received media message, it determines the fourth indication information according to the correspondence between the encoding type and the priority.
  • a communication device may be a sending-end network element or a chip or a system-on-chip in the sending-end network element.
  • the communication device can implement the functions performed by the sending-end network element in the foregoing aspects or various possible designs, and the functions can be implemented by hardware.
  • the communication device may include a transceiver and a processor. The transceiver and the processor may be used to support the communication device to implement the foregoing first aspect or the functions involved in any possible design of the first aspect.
  • the transceiver can be used to obtain the corresponding relationship between the encoding type and the QoS stream; among them, the QoS stream is used to transmit the media message of the encoding type corresponding to the QoS stream, and the transceiver can also be used to receive the media of the media service.
  • the processor can be used to identify the encoding type of the media message
  • the transceiver can also be used to send the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media message to the network element of the access network according to the correspondence relationship with the encoding type.
  • Information media messages may further include a memory, and the memory is used to store necessary computer-executed instructions and data of the communication device. When the communication device is running, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the media message transmission as described in the first aspect or any one of the possible designs of the first aspect. method.
  • a communication device in a fourth aspect, includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled with the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used for storing Computer program code or computer instructions; when one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication device executes the media message transmission method as described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs. When the computer instructions or programs are run on a computer, the computer executes the steps described in the first aspect or the first aspect. Any possible design of the described media message transmission method.
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute the media message transmission method as described in the first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect.
  • a chip system in a seventh aspect, includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories store There are computer program codes or computer instructions; when the one or more processors execute the computer program codes or computer instructions, the chip system is caused to execute the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible design of the first aspect The transmission method of the mentioned media message.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for transmitting media messages.
  • the method includes: a session management network element receives an encoding type from a policy control network element and a quality of service QoS parameter corresponding to the encoding type; the session management network element According to the coding type and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type, the coding type and the quality of service QoS flow identification corresponding to the coding type are sent to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element; wherein the QoS flow identification is used to identify the QoS flow , QoS flow is used to transmit media messages of media services.
  • the session management network element may send the coding type and the QoS flow identifier corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or terminal
  • the media message with the encoding type is sent to the access network element through the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type, so that the access network element performs differentiated transmission of the media message, thereby shortening the receiving end network element’s response to the media message.
  • Decoding time shortens the time for users to wait for buffering when playing media messages, and improves user experience.
  • the session management network element sends to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element first indication information for instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service.
  • the session management network element can send the first indication information to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or the terminal can respond to the received media according to the first indication information.
  • the message carries out the coding type identification.
  • the session management network element sends the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element can send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or the terminal can carry the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the media message of this encoding type is sent to the access network element, so that the access network element performs differentiated transmission of the media message according to the priority, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element and shortening the user The time to wait for buffering when playing media messages to improve user experience.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a communication device.
  • the communication device can implement the functions performed by the session management network element in the eighth aspect or the possible design of the eighth aspect, and the functions can execute the corresponding software through hardware.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions. For example, receiving module, sending module.
  • the receiving module is used to receive the coding type and the quality of service QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type from the policy control network element.
  • the sending module is used to send the coding type and the identification of the quality of service QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element according to the coding type and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type; wherein, the QoS flow identification Used to identify QoS flows, which are used to transmit media messages of media services.
  • the specific implementation of the communication device can refer to the behavior function of the session management network element in the media message transmission method provided in the eighth aspect or any one of the possible designs of the eighth aspect, based on the communication described in the ninth aspect.
  • the session management network element can send the coding type and the QoS flow identifier corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or terminal will have the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type
  • the media message of this encoding type is sent to the access network element, which enables the access network element to perform differentiated transmission of the media message, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element and shortening the user's playback of the media message When waiting for the buffer time, improve the user experience.
  • the sending module is also used to send to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element a first instruction for instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service information.
  • the session management network element can send the first indication information to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or the terminal can respond to the received media according to the first indication information.
  • the message carries out the coding type identification.
  • the sending module is also used to send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element can send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element, so that the user plane network element or the terminal can carry the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the media message of this encoding type is sent to the access network element, so that the access network element performs differentiated transmission of the media message according to the priority, thereby shortening the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element and shortening the user The time to wait for buffering when playing media messages to improve user experience.
  • a communication device may be a session management network element or a chip or a system on a chip in a session management network element.
  • the communication device can implement the functions performed by the session management network elements in the above aspects or in each possible design, and the functions can be implemented by hardware.
  • the communication device may include a transceiver. The transceiver may be used to support the communication device to implement the functions involved in the eighth aspect or any one of the possible designs of the eighth aspect.
  • the transceiver can be used to receive the coding type and the quality of service QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type from the policy control network element, and the transceiver can also be used to transfer the coding type and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and /Or the user plane network element sends the encoding type and the identification of the quality of service QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type; wherein the identification of the QoS flow is used to identify the QoS flow, and the QoS flow is used to transmit the media message of the media service.
  • the communication device may further include a memory, and the memory is used to store necessary computer-executed instructions and data of the communication device. When the communication device is running, the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the media message transmission as described in the eighth aspect or any one of the possible designs of the eighth aspect. method.
  • the specific implementation of the communication device may refer to the behavior function of the session management network element in the media message transmission method provided by the eighth aspect or any one of the possible designs of the eighth aspect.
  • a communication device in an eleventh aspect, includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are used for Computer program codes or computer instructions are stored; when one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the communication device is caused to execute the media message transmission method as described in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions or programs.
  • the computer instructions or programs When the computer instructions or programs are run on a computer, the computer can execute the eighth aspect or the eighth aspect. Any possible design of the described media message transmission method.
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute the media message transmission method as described in the eighth aspect or any possible design of the eighth aspect .
  • a chip system in a fourteenth aspect, includes one or more processors and one or more memories; the one or more memories are coupled to the one or more processors, and the one or more memories are Stored with computer program codes or computer instructions; when the one or more processors execute the computer program codes or computer instructions, the chip system is made to execute any possible design as in the eighth aspect or the eighth aspect described above The transmission method of the media message.
  • a communication system which includes the communication device according to any one of the second aspect to the third aspect and the communication device according to any one of the ninth aspect to the tenth aspect.
  • FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram of a 5G communication system provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting media messages according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting media messages according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting media messages according to an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the sending end when transmitting media messages, the sending end sends the media messages to the receiving end in sequence according to the arrival order of the media messages.
  • the receiving end decodes the media messages, if the current The decoding of media messages needs to depend on other media messages. You need to wait until all the media messages that the current media message depends on are transmitted before the current media message can be decoded, causing the user to wait for buffering when playing the media message. The time is longer.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a method for transmitting media messages, in which the sending-end network element can identify the encoding type of the media message of the received media service, and identify the information associated with the encoding type. It is carried in the media message and sent to the access network element through the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the sending end network element in the embodiment of the present application can identify the encoding type of the media message, and The information associated with the encoding type is carried in the media message and sent to the access network element, so that the access network element can perform differential transmission of the media message according to the information associated with the encoding type in the media message, thereby shortening
  • the decoding time of the media message by the receiving end network element shortens the time for the user to wait for buffering when the media message is played, and improves the user experience.
  • the media message transmission method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used in any communication system, and the communication system may be a third generation partnership project (3GPP) communication system, for example, long term evolution (long term evolution).
  • 3GPP third generation partnership project
  • the LTE) system can also be the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, the new radio (NR) system, the NR V2X system, and other next-generation communication systems. It can also be a non-3GPP communication system. limit.
  • the media message transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied to various communication scenarios, for example, it can be applied to one or more of the following communication scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-time Extended communication (ultra reliable low latency communication, URLLC), machine type communication (MTC), large-scale machine type communications (mMTC), device to device (D2D), outside vehicle Vehicle to everything (V2X), vehicle to vehicle (V2V), and internet of things (IoT), etc.
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • URLLC ultra-reliable and low-time Extended communication
  • MTC machine type communication
  • mMTC large-scale machine type communications
  • D2D device to device
  • V2X outside vehicle Vehicle to everything
  • V2V2V vehicle to vehicle
  • IoT internet of things
  • Fig. 1a is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the communication system may include at least one user equipment, an access network element, a mobility management network element, a session management network element, and a strategy.
  • Control network elements user plane network elements, application function network elements, and data network (DN).
  • DN data network
  • the user equipment in FIG. 1a may be located in the coverage area of the cell of the network element of the access network.
  • the user equipment can perform air interface communication with the access network element through the uplink (UL).
  • UL uplink
  • the user equipment sends data to the access network element, and the access network element will receive the data
  • the data is forwarded to the core network element, the core network element processes the data, and sends the processed data to the application server through the N6 interface; in the DL direction, the application server sends the downlink data to the core network element, and the core network element
  • the network element processes the data and sends the processed data to the access network element through the N3 interface. After the access network element processes the data, it is sent to the user equipment through the air interface.
  • the user equipment in the UL direction sends uplink data to the access network element through the physical sidelink share channel (PUSCH), and the access network element forwards the received uplink data to the core network.
  • the core network element processes the uplink data, and sends the processed uplink data to the application server through the N6 interface; among them, the access network element that forwards the uplink data from the user equipment to the core network element and the core network
  • the access network network elements of the downlink data from the network element to the user equipment may be the same access network network element, or may be different access network network elements.
  • the user equipment can also communicate with the core network element through a specific interface.
  • the user equipment can communicate with the access and mobility management network element in the core network element through the N1 interface.
  • the user equipment After the user equipment is connected to the network, it can establish a protocol data unit (PDU) session, access the external data network DN through the PDU session, and interact with the application server deployed in the DN, as shown in Figure 1a, according to user access
  • the network can select the user plane network element connected to the DN as the anchor point of the PDU session, namely the PDU session anchor (PSA), and access the application server through the N6 interface of the PSA.
  • PSA PDU session anchor
  • the application server of the application can be deployed in multiple locations, and the network can select a PSA that is close to the user equipment and can support the user equipment to access the DN according to the access location of the user equipment, so as to reduce circuitous routes and reduce network delay.
  • the user equipment (UE) in FIG. 1a may be called a terminal (terminal) or a mobile station (mobile station, MS) or a mobile terminal (mobile terminal, MT), etc.
  • the user equipment in FIG. 1a may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, or a computer with a wireless transceiver function.
  • User equipment can also be virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in unmanned driving, wireless terminals in telemedicine, and smart grids.
  • VR virtual reality
  • AR augmented reality
  • Wireless terminals in the smart city wireless terminals in the smart home (smart home)
  • wireless terminals in the smart home wireless terminals in the smart home
  • in-vehicle terminals vehicles with vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication capabilities
  • intelligent network connection There are no restrictions on vehicles, drones with drone-to-UAV (UAV, U2U) communication capabilities, and so on.
  • the access network element in Figure 1a can be any device with wireless transceiver function, which is mainly used to implement wireless physical control functions, resource scheduling and wireless resource management, wireless access control, and mobility management.
  • the network element of the access network may be a device that supports wired access or a device that supports wireless access.
  • the access network element may be an access network (access network, AN)/radio access network (RAN) device, which is composed of multiple 5G-AN/5G-RAN nodes.
  • 5G-AN/5G-RAN nodes can be: access point (AP), base station (nodeB, NB), enhanced base station (enhance nodeB, eNB), next-generation base station (NR nodeB, gNB), transmission and reception Point (transmission reception point, TRP), transmission point (transmission point, TP), or some other access node, etc.
  • AP access point
  • base station nodeB, NB
  • enhanced base station enhanced base station
  • NR nodeB, gNB next-generation base station
  • transmission and reception Point transmission reception point, TRP
  • transmission point transmission point
  • TP transmission point
  • the mobility management network element in Figure 1a is mainly responsible for user equipment access authentication, mobility management, and signaling interaction between various functional network elements, such as: user registration status, user connection status, user registration Network access, tracking area update, cell handover user authentication and key security are managed.
  • the session management network element in FIG. 1a can be called a session management function or a multicast/broadcast-service management function (MB-SMF) or a multicast session management network element, etc., without limitation.
  • the session management network element is mainly used to implement the user plane transmission logic channel, such as: session management functions such as the establishment, release, and modification of a packet data unit (PDU) session.
  • PDU packet data unit
  • the policy control network element in Figure 1a can be used to provide policies for mobility management network elements and session management network elements, such as quality of service (quality of service) policies, and so on.
  • quality of service quality of service
  • the user plane network element in Figure 1a may be called PDU Session Anchor (PSF), user plane function, or multicast/broadcast user plane function (MB-UPF).
  • PSF PDU Session Anchor
  • MB-UPF multicast/broadcast user plane function
  • the user plane network element can be used as the anchor point on the user plane transmission logical channel, mainly used to complete the user plane data routing and forwarding functions, such as: establishing a channel with the terminal (that is, the user plane transmission logical channel), on the channel It forwards data packets between the terminal and the DN, and is responsible for the terminal's data message filtering, data forwarding, rate control, and charging information generation.
  • Multicast/broadcast (MB) service controller MB service controller
  • service management functions such as group management, security management, and service announcements.
  • the application function network element in Figure 1a is mainly an intermediate function entity that provides the interaction between the application server and the network element in the core network.
  • the application server can realize dynamic control of network service quality and billing through it, guarantee SLA requirements, and obtain core Operation information of a certain network element in the network, etc.
  • the application function network element may be a functional entity deployed by an operator, or a functional entity deployed by a service provider.
  • the service provider may be a third-party service provider or an internal operator. Service providers are not restricted.
  • the application function network element and the application server can be deployed together or separately. The specific deployment method of the application function network element and the application server is not limited in this application.
  • the data network DN in Figure 1a can be an operator network that provides users with data transmission services, such as an operator network that can provide users with an IP multi-media service (IMS).
  • An application server (application server, AS) may be deployed in the DN, and the application server may provide data transmission services to users.
  • the terminal, the access network network element, and the core network network element in the embodiments of the present application may all be one or more chips, or may be a system on chip (SOC) or the like.
  • Fig. 1a is only an exemplary drawing, and the number of devices included therein is not limited.
  • the communication system may also include other devices.
  • the name of each device and the naming of each link in FIG. 1a are not limited.
  • each device and each link can also be named with other names.
  • the network shown in Figure 1a may also include network slice selection network elements, network warehouse network elements, authentication service network elements, network storage network elements, network data analysis network elements, network opening network elements, etc. No restrictions.
  • the communication system shown in FIG. 1a may be a communication system in the 3rd generation partnership project (3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP), for example, it may be a long term evolution (LTE) communication system, or the fourth The 4th generation (4G) communication system, or the fifth generation (5G) communication system or the new radio (NR) communication system, may also be a non-3GPP communication system without limitation.
  • 3rd generation partnership project 3rd generation partnership project, 3GPP
  • LTE long term evolution
  • 4G 4th generation
  • 5G fifth generation
  • NR new radio
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the above-mentioned access network element may be a radio access network (RAN)
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the mobility management network element can be the access and mobility management function (AMF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the session management network element can be
  • the session management function (SMF) and policy control network element in the 5G communication system can be the policy control function (PCF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the user plane network element can be
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the user plane network element can be
  • the network element corresponding to the application function network element or the entity can be the application function (AF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network slicing selection network element corresponding to The network element or entity can be the network slice selection function (NSSF) in the 5G communication system
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the authentication service network element may be the authentication server function (AUSF) in the 5G communication system, and the network element or entity corresponding to the network storage network element may be the NRF in the 5G communication system Or unified data warehouse (unified data repository, UDR) or unified data management (unified data management, UDM), the network element or entity corresponding to the network data analysis network element can be the network data analysis function in the 5G communication system (network data analysis function) , NWDAF), the network element or entity corresponding to the network open network element may be the network exposure function (NEF) in the 5G communication system, and the network element or entity corresponding to the service control network element may be the service in the 5G communication system Control point (service control point, SCP), etc.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • UDR unified data repository
  • UDM unified data management
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the network data analysis network element can be the network data analysis function in the 5G communication system (network data analysis function) , NWDAF)
  • the terminal communicates with the AMF through the next generation network (next generation, N) 1 interface (N1 for short), the RAN device communicates with the AMF through the N2 interface (N2 for short), and the RAN device communicates with the AMF through the N3 interface (N3 for short).
  • N1 next generation network
  • N2 N2 interface
  • N3 N3 for short
  • UPF UPF communicates with the application server in the DN through the N6 interface.
  • Core network elements can communicate with each other through service interfaces.
  • AMF can communicate with other core network elements through Namf interface
  • SMF can communicate with other core network elements through Nsmf interface
  • PCF can communicate with other core network elements through Npcf interface.
  • NSSF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnssf interface
  • NEF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnef interface
  • NRF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnrf interface
  • UDM can communicate with other core network elements through the Nudr interface
  • NWDAF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nnwdaf interface
  • AUSF can communicate with other core network elements through the Nausf interface.
  • each terminal, access network network element, and core network network element may adopt the composition structure shown in FIG. 2 or include the components shown in FIG. 2.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a communication device 200 provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • the communication device 200 may be a terminal or a chip or a system on a chip in the terminal; it may also be an access network network element or an access network network element. Chip or system-on-chip; it can also be a core network element or a chip or system-on-chip in a core network element.
  • the communication device 200 includes a processor 201, a transceiver 202 and a communication line 203.
  • the communication device 200 may further include a memory 204.
  • the processor 201, the memory 204, and the transceiver 202 may be connected through a communication line 203.
  • the processor 201 is a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor network processor (network processor, NP), a digital signal processor (digital signal processing, DSP), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, Programmable logic device (PLD) or any combination of them.
  • the processor 201 may also be other devices with processing functions, such as circuits, devices, or software modules, without limitation.
  • the transceiver 202 is used to communicate with other devices or other communication networks.
  • the other communication network may be Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc.
  • the transceiver 202 may be a module, a circuit, a transceiver, or any device capable of implementing communication.
  • the communication line 203 is used to transmit information between the components included in the communication device 200.
  • the memory 204 is used to store instructions. Among them, the instruction may be a computer program.
  • the memory 204 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and/or instructions, and may also be a random access memory (RAM) or Other types of dynamic storage devices that store information and/or instructions can also be electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory, CD- ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, etc., are not restricted.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD- ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, etc. are not restricted.
  • the memory 204 may exist independently of the processor 201, or may be integrated with the processor 201.
  • the memory 204 may be used to store instructions or program codes or some data.
  • the memory 204 may be located in the communication device 200 or outside the communication device 200 without limitation.
  • the processor 201 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 204 to implement the media message transmission method provided in the following embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 2.
  • the communication device 200 includes multiple processors, for example, in addition to the processor 201 in FIG. 2, it may also include a processor 207.
  • the communication apparatus 200 further includes an output device 205 and an input device 206.
  • the input device 206 is a device such as a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, or a joystick
  • the output device 205 is a device such as a display screen and a speaker.
  • the communication device 200 may be a desktop computer, a portable computer, a network server, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a wireless terminal, an embedded device, a chip system, or a device with a similar structure in FIG. 2.
  • the composition structure shown in FIG. 3 does not constitute a limitation on the communication device.
  • the communication device may include more or less components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components. , Or different component arrangements.
  • the chip system may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • the following describes the method for transmitting media messages provided by the embodiments of the present application with reference to the communication system shown in FIG. It can be any access network network element in the communication system.
  • the sending end network element, access network network element, session management network element, mobility management network element, and policy control network element described in the following embodiments may have diagrams 2 shows the parts.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for transmitting media messages according to an embodiment of the application. As shown in Fig. 3, the method may include:
  • Step 301 The sending-end network element obtains the correspondence between the coding type and the QoS flow.
  • the transmitting end network element may be a user plane network element or a terminal.
  • the terminal may be any terminal in the system shown in FIG. 1a, and the user plane network element may be the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session established by the terminal, and may be the anchor point of the PDU session established by the terminal.
  • the terminal can send the media message sent to the application server to the user plane network element through the PDU session, and the user plane network element sends the media message to the application server.
  • the user plane network element may send the media message delivered by the application server to the terminal to the terminal through the PDU session.
  • the encoding type may refer to the resolution type, quality level type, or frame rate type corresponding to the media message after the media message of the media service is processed by encoding technology.
  • the coding type of the media service can include multiple types, and the coding technology can include H.264 coding technology, H.264 SVC coding technology, VP8 coding technology, VP9 coding technology and other coding technologies and so on.
  • the encoding type of the media service can be I frame, P frame or B frame.
  • the encoding type of the media service can be a basic layer or an enhanced layer.
  • the coding type of the media service can be P frame, G frame (golden frame), and alternative reference frame (altref frame).
  • other encoding technologies may also be used to encode the media messages of the media service, and the encoding types corresponding to the above-mentioned other encoding technologies can be obtained, which is not limited.
  • the encoding type of the media message may also be determined according to the perspective of the video stream corresponding to the media service; or, the encoding type of the media service may be determined according to the encoding technology corresponding to the media service, etc., without limitation.
  • the encoding type of the media service is the foreground stream or the background stream.
  • the encoding type of the media message obtained after encoding the video stream within the viewing angle may be determined as the foreground stream
  • the encoding type of the media message obtained after encoding the video streams in other background areas outside the viewing angle may be determined as the background flow.
  • the encoding type of the media service is VP8 or VP9.
  • the encoding type of the media message encoded using the VP8 encoding technology may be determined as VP8
  • the encoding type of the media message encoded using the VP9 encoding technology may be determined as VP9.
  • the encoding type may be associated with a QoS stream that supports the transmission of a media message with an encoding type, and the media message can be transmitted through the QoS stream.
  • the QoS flow can be one or more QoS flows corresponding to the PDU session established by the terminal.
  • the QoS flow can be used to transmit media messages between the terminal and the user plane network element.
  • the QoS parameters of the QoS flow satisfy the media transmitted on it.
  • the QoS requirement of the message may be associated with a QoS stream that supports the transmission of a media message with an encoding type, and the media message can be transmitted through the QoS stream.
  • the QoS flow can be one or more QoS flows corresponding to the PDU session established by the terminal.
  • the QoS flow can be used to transmit media messages between the terminal and the user plane network element.
  • the QoS parameters of the QoS flow satisfy the media transmitted on it.
  • the QoS requirement of the message may be used to
  • the session management network element may establish the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type when establishing the PDU session for the terminal; or, after the session management network element establishes the PDU session for the terminal, modify the PDU session, including modifying or adding PDU
  • the QoS flow of the session makes the modified or increased QoS flow correspond to the encoding type, and meets the QoS requirements such as the transmission demand of the media service with the encoding type.
  • the process for the session management network element to determine the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type can refer to the method shown in FIG. 4.
  • the correspondence between the coding type and the QoS flow may adopt a one-to-one correspondence or a many-to-one correspondence, which is not limited. It should be noted that the corresponding relationship between the encoding type and the QoS flow can be replaced by the corresponding relationship between the encoding type and the identification of the QoS flow.
  • the identification of the QoS flow may be the identity identification of the quality of service flow. Identity, QFI), allocation retention priority (ARP), or fifth-generation mobile networks quality of service identifier (5QI), etc., are not restricted.
  • the many-to-one correspondence manner may be that one part of the encoding type corresponds to one QoS flow, and the other part of the encoding type corresponds to another QoS flow.
  • the many-to-one correspondence can also be that all coding types correspond to the same QoS flow.
  • I frame can correspond to QoS flow 1, P frame corresponds to QoS flow 2, and B frame corresponds to QoS flow 3.
  • I frame corresponds to QoS flow 1
  • P frame and B frame corresponds to QoS flow 2.
  • I frame, P frame and B frame all correspond to QoS flow 1.
  • the corresponding relationship between the coding type and the QoS flow can be expressed in an array form, or in a table form or in other forms, and is not limited.
  • I frame can correspond to QoS flow 1
  • P frame corresponds to QoS flow 2
  • B frame corresponds to QoS flow 3
  • the correspondence relationship between encoding type and QoS flow is an array
  • the correspondence between the encoding type and the QoS flow includes: (I frame, QoS flow 1), (P frame, QoS flow 2), (B frame, QoS flow 3).
  • Table 1 the correspondence between encoding types and QoS flows in table form as an example, the correspondence between encoding types and QoS flows can be shown in Table 1 below:
  • the sending end network element is a user plane network element
  • the user plane network element receives the encoding type of the media service sent by the session management network element and the identification of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type, so that the user plane network element can pass through
  • the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type transmits the media message with the encoding type to the network element of the access network.
  • the sending end network element is a terminal
  • the terminal receives the coding type of the media service sent by the session management network element through the mobility management network element and the identification of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type, so that the terminal can pass the coding type
  • the corresponding QoS flow transmits the media message with the encoding type to the network element of the access network.
  • Step 302 The sending end network element receives the media message of the media service.
  • the media message received by the sending end is a media message obtained after encoding using an encoding technology.
  • the user plane network element receives the media message sent by the application server.
  • the application server may use the H.264 encoding technology to encode the media message of the media service to obtain the media message whose encoding type is I frame, P frame or B frame.
  • the application server may also set second indication information for the media message at the application layer, the transport layer, or the network layer to indicate the encoding type of the media message. That is, the message header of the application layer, transport layer, or network layer of the media message contains the second indication information.
  • the application server can set the second indication information for the media message according to the application layer protocol
  • the application layer protocol can be hypertext transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) or real time streaming protocol (RTSP) Etc.
  • HTTPS hypertext transfer protocol secure
  • RTSP real time streaming protocol
  • the application server may set the second indication information for the media message according to the transport layer protocol.
  • the transport layer protocol may be transmission control protocol (TCP) or multi-path TCP protocol (multip-path TCP, MPTCP), etc.
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • MPTCP multi-path TCP protocol
  • the transport layer protocol may also be a corresponding tunnel protocol, which is not limited.
  • the application server may set the second indication information for the media message according to the network layer protocol.
  • the network layer protocol may be an interconnection protocol (IP) between networks, etc., which is not limited.
  • the terminal receives media messages from the application layer.
  • various application programs may be installed on the terminal, the APP may generate media messages, and the terminal may obtain media messages from the APP installed on the terminal, that is, the terminal receives media messages from the application layer.
  • Step 303 The sending end network element identifies the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element may use any of the following four methods to identify the encoding type of the received media message to obtain the encoding type of the media message:
  • Method 1 The sender can identify the encoding layer of the media message to obtain the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending end network element may perform application layer identification on the media message to obtain the second indication information; where the second indication information is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can identify the media message at the transport layer to obtain the second indication information; where the second indication information is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending end network element may perform network layer identification on the media message to obtain the second indication information; wherein, the second indication information is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the transmitting-end network element recognizes the encoding type of the received media message according to the received first indication information.
  • the first indication information is used to indicate the encoding type identification of the media message of the media service.
  • the user plane network element may receive the first indication information sent by the session management network element.
  • the terminal can receive the first indication information sent by the session management network element through the mobility management network element, or receive the first indication information sent by the session management network element through the access network element and the mobility management network element.
  • the first indication information used to instruct to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service may specifically include: instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message in the above manner one or two or three or four.
  • the sending-end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, and the process of obtaining the encoding type of the media message can refer to the prior art, and will not be repeated.
  • the process of setting the second indication information at the application layer, transport layer or network layer can also refer to the process of setting indication information at the application layer, transport layer or network layer in the prior art. To repeat.
  • Step 304 The sending end network element sends the media message to the access network element through the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media message according to the corresponding relationship obtained in step 301.
  • the access network element receives the media message.
  • the media message can carry media data, and can also carry information associated with the encoding type; the information associated with the encoding type can be used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the information associated with the encoding type may be one of the following four types of information:
  • the information associated with the encoding type may be the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the sending end network element can carry the identification of the QoS flow corresponding to the identified encoding type after receiving the media message After the media message is sent to the access network element, the access network element can perform priority transmission of the media message according to the QoS flow corresponding to the media message.
  • the encoding type of the media service corresponds to the QoS stream one-to-one
  • the encoding type includes I frame, P frame or B frame
  • the QoS stream corresponding to the I frame is QFI1
  • the QoS flow corresponding to the P frame is QFI2
  • the QoS flow corresponding to the B frame is QFI3 as an example, and the foregoing information associated with the encoding type is described in detail.
  • the decoding of the P frame depends on the I frame or the P frame before the P frame, and the decoding of the B frame You need to rely on the I frame or P frame before and after it. According to the decoding dependence, you can set the transmission priority of QFI1 corresponding to the I frame to high, set the transmission priority of QFI2 corresponding to the P frame to medium, and set the B frame The corresponding transmission priority of QFI3 is set to low.
  • the sending network element can carry QFI1 in the media message with the encoding type of I frame and QFI2 in the media message with the encoding type of P frame, Carry QFI3 in the media message whose coding type is B frame.
  • the access network element transmits the media message carrying QFI1 according to the transmission priority corresponding to QFI1, and transmits the media message carrying QFI2 according to the transmission priority corresponding to QFI2, The media message carrying QFI3 is transmitted according to the transmission priority corresponding to QFI3.
  • the access network element can follow the media message
  • the corresponding transmission priority transmits the media message, instead of transmitting the media message according to the receiving order of the media message. Since the transmission priority of QFI1 is high, the transmission priority of QFI2 is medium, and the transmission priority of QFI3 is low, the access network element can transmit media message 1, then media message 2, and finally media message 3.
  • the encoding type when different encoding types correspond to different QoS flows, it means that one part of the encoding type corresponds to one QoS flow and another part of the encoding type corresponds to another QoS flow.
  • the encoding type includes I frame, P frame or B frame, and I frame corresponds to The QoS flow is QFI1, and the QoS flow corresponding to the P frame and the B frame is QFI2 as an example, and the above-mentioned information associated with the encoding type is described in detail.
  • the transmission priority of QFI1 corresponding to the I frame can be set to high, and the transmission priority of QFI2 corresponding to the P frame and the B frame can be set to low.
  • the sending end network element After receiving the media message, the access network element transmits the media message carrying QFI1 according to the transmission priority corresponding to QFI1, and transmits the media message carrying QFI2 according to the transmission priority corresponding to QFI2.
  • the access network element can treat the media message according to the corresponding transmission priority of the media message. Transmission is performed without transmitting media messages according to the order in which the media messages are received. Since the transmission priority of QFI1 is high and the transmission priority of QFI2 is low, the access network element can transmit media message 1 first, and then media message 2.
  • the access network element when the access network element receives multiple media messages carrying the identity of the same QoS flow, for example, the access network element sequentially receives media messages 11 carrying QFI1 and media messages carrying QFI1.
  • the access network element can transmit the media message according to the order in which the media message is received, that is, the access network element transmits the media message 11 in the order in which it is received. , Media message 12, Media message 13.
  • the sending-end network element may use the method shown in step 303 to identify the media message, and obtain the encoding type corresponding to the media message.
  • the information associated with the coding type may be the third indication information.
  • the third indication information is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can identify the encoding layer of the media message, obtain the encoding type of the media message, and determine the third indication information according to the encoding type of the media message.
  • the encoding type including I frame, P frame, or B frame
  • the QoS streams corresponding to the I frame, P frame, and B frame are all QFI1 as an example, the foregoing information associated with the encoding type will be described in detail.
  • the transmitting-end network element When the transmitting-end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message and obtains that the encoding type of the media message is an I frame, the transmitting-end network element generates third indication information for indicating that the encoding type is an I frame. Similarly, when the encoding type of the media message is a P frame, the sending end network element generates third indication information for indicating that the encoding type is a P frame; when the encoding type of the media message is a B frame, the sending end network element Generate third indication information for indicating that the coding type is B frame.
  • the sending end network element carries the third indication information in the media message and sends it to the access network network element, so that the access network element performs differential transmission according to the encoding type of the media message, for example, with the encoding type Including I frame, P frame or B frame as an example, according to the degree of decoding dependence, the access network element can transmit the media message with encoding type I frame first, followed by P frame, and finally B frame; or access The network element may also preferentially transmit the media message whose encoding type is the I frame, and then transmit the P frame and the B frame.
  • the priority of the P frame and the B frame may be the same, and there is no restriction.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer of the General Packet Radio Service Channel Protocol user plane of the media message.
  • the third indication information is located at the PDCP layer of the media message.
  • the information associated with the coding type may be the second indication information.
  • the second indication information is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can identify the media message at the application layer, transport layer, or network layer to obtain the second indication information, and carry the second indication information in the media message Sent to the access network element.
  • the encoding type including I frame, P frame, or B frame
  • the QoS streams corresponding to the I frame, P frame, and B frame are all QFI1 as an example, the foregoing information associated with the encoding type will be described in detail.
  • the sending end network element When the sending end network element recognizes the media message at the application layer, transport layer, or network layer, and obtains that the second indication information is that the encoding type of the media message is I frame, the sending end network element carries the second indication information in the media The message is sent to the access network element, so that the access network element determines that the encoding type of the current media message is I frame according to the second indication information in the media message.
  • the sending end network element carries the second indication information used to indicate that the encoding type of the media message is P frame in the media message and sends it to the access network element, the access network element can be based on the first 2.
  • the instruction information determines that the encoding type of the current media message is P frame; when the sending end network element carries the second instruction information for indicating that the encoding type of the media message is B frame in the media message and sends it to the access network
  • the network element of the access network may determine, according to the second indication information, that the coding type of the current media message is a B frame.
  • the sending end network element carries the second indication information in the media message and sends it to the access network network element, so that the access network element performs differential transmission according to the encoding type of the media message, for example, with the encoding type Including I frame, P frame or B frame as an example, according to the degree of decoding dependence, the access network element can transmit the media message with encoding type I frame first, followed by P frame, and finally B frame; or access The network element may also preferentially transmit the media message whose encoding type is the I frame, and then transmit the P frame and the B frame.
  • the priority of the P frame and the B frame may be the same, and there is no restriction.
  • the second indication information is located at the GTP-U layer of the general packet radio service channel protocol user plane of the media message.
  • the second indication information is located at the PDCP layer of the packet data convergence protocol of the media message.
  • the application server can process the media message, such as adding coding types to the application layer, transport layer, or network layer of the media message, so that the sending end network element
  • the received media message can be identified by the application layer, transport layer, or network layer to obtain the encoding type of the media message.
  • the encoding type is used to indicate the encoding characteristics of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element recognizes the received media message at the application layer, transport layer, or network layer, it can perform differentiated processing on the media message according to the identification result.
  • the sending end network element may perform differentiated processing on the media message according to different QoS parameters according to the identification result.
  • the sending-end network element can process the media message with the encoding type of I frame with high QoS parameters, and process the media message with the encoding type of P or B frame.
  • QoS parameters include bandwidth, delay, etc.
  • High QoS parameters refer to high bandwidth and low delay; low QoS parameters refer to low bandwidth and high delay.
  • the sending-end network element needs to receive the correspondence between the coding type and the QoS parameter from the session management network element.
  • the information associated with the coding type may be the fourth indication information.
  • the fourth indication information is used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message.
  • different encoding types may correspond to different priorities; or some encoding types may correspond to one priority, and another part of encoding types may correspond to another priority.
  • the priority corresponding to I frame can be set to high, the priority corresponding to P frame is medium, and the priority corresponding to B frame is low; you can also set I The priority corresponding to the frame is high, and the priority corresponding to the P frame and the B frame is low, which is not limited.
  • the sending end network element when the sending end network element is a user plane network element, the user plane network element receives the coding type sent by the session management network element and the priority corresponding to the coding type.
  • the sending end network element is a terminal, the terminal receives the coding type sent by the session management network element and the priority corresponding to the coding type through the mobility management network element.
  • the sending-end network element can identify the media message at the encoding layer, obtain the encoding type of the media message, and determine the fourth indication information according to the encoding type; or the sending-end network element can The media message is identified by the application layer, the transport layer, or the network layer to obtain the second indication information, and the fourth indication information is determined according to the coding type indicated by the second indication information.
  • the QoS flows corresponding to I frame, P frame and B frame are all QFI1, and the priority corresponding to I frame is high, and the priority corresponding to P frame is medium.
  • the priority corresponding to the B frame is low as an example, and the above-mentioned information associated with the encoding type is described in detail.
  • the sending-end network element when the sending-end network element recognizes the coding layer of the media message, and obtains that the coding type of the media message is I frame, it is determined that the fourth indication information is high priority. Similarly, when the recognized encoding type of the media message is P frame, the fourth indication information is determined to be medium priority; when the recognized encoding type of the media message is B frame, the fourth indication information is determined to be low priority.
  • the sending end network element when the sending end network element performs application layer, transport layer, or network layer recognition on the media message, and obtains that the second indication information is that the encoding type of the media message is I frame, it is determined that the fourth indication information is high priority ; When the sending end network element determines that the second indication information is that the encoding type of the media message is P frame, it determines that the fourth indication information is medium priority; when the sending end network element determines that the second indication information is the media message When the coding type is B frame, it is determined that the fourth indication information is of low priority.
  • the sending end network element carries the fourth indication information in a media message and sends it to the access network network element, so that the access network element differentiates the media message according to the priority indicated by the fourth indication information transmission.
  • the sending-end network element recognizes the received media message at the application layer, transport layer, or network layer, it can perform differentiated processing on the media message according to the identification result.
  • the sending end network element may perform differentiated processing on the media message according to different QoS parameters according to the identification result.
  • the sending-end network element can process the media message with the encoding type of I frame with high QoS parameters, and process the media message with the encoding type of P or B frame.
  • QoS parameters include bandwidth, delay, etc.
  • High QoS parameters refer to high bandwidth and low delay; low QoS parameters refer to low bandwidth and high delay.
  • the sending-end network element needs to receive the correspondence between the coding type and the QoS parameter from the session management network element.
  • the sending end network element may also carry the sixth indication information in a media message and send it to the access network network element; where the sixth indication information is used to indicate the QoS parameter corresponding to the media message,
  • the QoS parameters may include one or more of QoS parameters such as bandwidth, delay, packet loss rate, reliability, and bit error rate, and are not limited.
  • Step 305 The network element of the access network transmits the media message.
  • the access network element may send the media message sent by the terminal to the user plane network element corresponding to the PDU session through the PDU session established by the terminal, and the access network element may also send the media message sent by the user plane network element.
  • the text is sent to the terminal.
  • the access network network element transmits the current media message according to the QoS stream corresponding to the QoS flow identifier in the media message.
  • the access network element indicates according to the second indication information or the third indication information in the media message
  • the QoS parameters corresponding to the encoding type are determined, and the media message is transmitted through the QoS stream corresponding to the encoding type according to the QoS parameters corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the QoS parameters can be delay, bandwidth, and so on.
  • the access network element can receive the coding type and the priority corresponding to the coding type sent by the session management network element through the mobility management network element, and make a difference between the received media messages according to the priority corresponding to the coding type ⁇ Transmission.
  • the access network element transmits the media message according to the priority in the media message.
  • the network element of the access network may also process the media message according to the sixth indication information.
  • the access network element taking the access network element receiving the media message including the sixth indication information sent by the user plane network element as an example, it is assumed that the sixth indication information is used to indicate that the reliability corresponding to the media message is high reliability. Then the access network element can transmit the media message through the highly reliable path between the terminal and the access network element, thereby ensuring the high reliability of the media message.
  • the sending-end network element can identify the encoding type of the media message of the received media service, and carry the information associated with the encoding type in the media message.
  • the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type is sent to the access network element.
  • the sending end network element in the embodiment of the present application can identify the encoding type of the media message, and compare it with The information associated with the encoding type is carried in the media message and sent to the access network element, so that the access network element can perform differential transmission of the media message according to the information associated with the encoding type in the media message.
  • the access network element can transmit I frame first, then P frame, and finally B frame, so as to achieve Differentiated transmission of media messages. And when the receiving end network element decodes the media message, because the access network element first transmits the I frame, then transmits the P frame, and finally transmits the B frame, when the receiving end network element is decoding the P frame, due to its The transmission of the dependent I frame or P frame has been completed, and the receiving end network element can decode the P frame after receiving the P frame.
  • the receiving end network element When the receiving end network element decodes the B frame, since the I frame or P frame on which it depends has been transmitted, the receiving end network element can decode the B frame after receiving the B frame. Compared with the prior art, after receiving a P frame or a B frame, the receiving end network element needs to wait until the transmission of the I frame or P frame that it depends on is completed before decoding can be achieved. Decoding time, thereby shortening the waiting time for buffering when users play media messages, and improving user experience.
  • FIG. 4 is a method for transmitting media messages provided by an embodiment of the application, and the method includes:
  • Step 401 The session management network element sends a request message to the policy control network element.
  • the policy control network element receives the request message.
  • the request message may be used to request to obtain the policy information of the media service, and the request message may include the session identifier.
  • the request message may be a session management policy establishment request (SM policy establishment request).
  • SM policy establishment request For example, the terminal may send a PDU session establishment request to the session management network element through the mobility management network element to request the establishment of a PDU session for the terminal. After receiving the PDU session establishment request, the session management network element sends SM policy establishment to the policy control network element request.
  • the request message may be a session management policy modification request (SM policy modification request).
  • SM policy modification request For example, the terminal may send a PDU session modification request carrying identification information of the media service to the session management network element through the mobility management network element, requesting the transmission of the media message of the media service through the PDU session established by the terminal, and the session management network element receives After the PDU session modification request, the SM policy modification request is sent to the policy control network element.
  • SM policy modification request session management policy modification request
  • Step 402 The policy control network element sends the policy information to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the policy information.
  • the policy information may be a policy and charging control rule (policy and charging control rule, PCC rule).
  • the policy information includes the identification information of the media service, the coding type of the media service, and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type.
  • the identification information of the media service is used to indicate the media service, and it may specifically be an IP quintuple, an IP triplet, an application identifier, and so on.
  • the policy information may be carried in the session management policy establishment response (SM policy establishment response).
  • the policy information may be carried in the session management policy modification response (SM policy modification response).
  • the policy control network element may receive the coding type of the media service and the QoS requirement corresponding to the coding type sent by the application function network element, and determine the corresponding QoS parameter for the coding type according to the QoS requirement corresponding to the coding type.
  • the policy control network element may receive the identification information of the media service sent by the application function network element.
  • different coding types can correspond to different requirements; or some coding types can correspond to one QoS requirement, and another part of coding types can correspond to another QoS requirement; or all coding types can correspond to the same QoS requirement.
  • I frame can correspond to QoS requirement 1
  • P frame can correspond to QoS requirement 2
  • B frame can correspond to QoS requirement 3
  • I frame can correspond to QoS requirement 1
  • P frame and B frame can correspond to QoS requirement 2
  • I frame, P frame and B frame all correspond to QoS requirement 1.
  • the QoS parameter corresponding to the coding type obtained by the policy control network element may be: I frame corresponds to QoS parameter 1, P Frame corresponds to QoS parameter 2 and B frame corresponds to QoS parameter 3.
  • the QoS parameter corresponding to the coding type obtained by the policy control network element may be: I frame corresponds to QoS parameter 1, P frame and B frame Corresponds to QoS parameter 2.
  • the QoS parameter corresponding to the coding type obtained by the policy control network element may be: I frame, P frame, and B frame all correspond to QoS parameter 1.
  • the policy control network element is pre-configured with the encoding type of the media service and the QoS parameters corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the policy control network element may also receive the fifth instruction information sent by the application function network element, and send the fifth instruction information to the session management network element, where the fifth instruction information is used to indicate the media message for the media service Perform coding type recognition.
  • the fifth indication information includes identification information of the media service, and the identification information is used to indicate the media service.
  • Step 403 The session management determines the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type according to the identification information of the media service included in the policy information, the coding type of the media service, and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type.
  • the session management network element can create a new QoS flow for the encoding type, or modify an existing QoS flow to obtain a QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type, which is not limited. That is to say, the session management network element creates a QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the session management network element needs to create different QoS flows.
  • the session management network element can determine QoS for I frame Flow 1, QoS flow 2 is determined for P frames, and QoS flow 3 is determined for B frames. That is, the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type can be: I frame corresponds to QoS flow 1, P frame corresponds to QoS flow 2, and B frame corresponds to QoS flow 3.
  • the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type can be: I frame corresponds to QoS flow 1, P frame and B frame correspond to QoS flow 2; when I When the frame, P frame, and B frame all correspond to QoS parameter 1, the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type can be: I frame, P frame, and B frame all correspond to QoS flow 1.
  • Step 404 The session management network element sends the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the session management network element receives the fifth instruction information sent by the policy control network element, and sends the first instruction information to the user plane network element according to the fifth instruction information, where the first instruction information is used to indicate the media report for the media service.
  • the text is recognized by the coding layer.
  • the session management network element may also determine the priority corresponding to the coding type according to the coding type, and send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the user plane network element. At this time, the session management network element sends the priority corresponding to the encoding and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the priority to the user plane network element.
  • the session management network element may determine the priority corresponding to the encoding type according to the decoding dependency between the encoding types.
  • the session management network element sends the N4 configuration information to the user plane network element, and correspondingly, the user plane network element receives the N4 configuration information.
  • the N4 configuration information may be an N4 session establishment (session establishment) request message or an N4 session modification (session modification) message.
  • the N4 configuration information can include the correspondence between the encoding type and the QoS flow, and can also include some existing information, such as the processing strategy corresponding to the media service, the packet detection rule (PDR), and the forwarding action rule associated with the PDR ( Other information such as forwarding action rule (FAR), quality of service flow (QoS flow, QF) mapping rules, etc. are not limited, and the relevant description of these information can refer to the prior art, and will not be repeated.
  • FAR forwarding action rule
  • QoS flow quality of service flow
  • QF quality of service flow
  • Step 405 The session management network element sends the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element receives the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the session management network element receives the fifth instruction information sent by the policy control network element, and sends the first instruction information to the mobility management network element according to the fifth instruction information, where the first instruction information is used to indicate the media service of the media service.
  • the message is identified by the coding layer.
  • the session management network element may also determine the priority corresponding to the coding type according to the coding type, and send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element. At this time, the session management network element sends the priority corresponding to the code and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the priority to the mobility management network element.
  • the session management network element may determine the priority corresponding to the encoding type according to the decoding dependency between the encoding types.
  • Step 404 and step 405 can be performed at the same time, or step 404 can be performed first, and then step 405 can be performed, or step 405 can be performed first, and then step 404 can be performed. No restrictions.
  • Step 406 The mobility management network element sends the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the access network network element.
  • the access network element receives the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the mobility management network element receives the priority corresponding to the coding type sent by the session management network element, and sends the priority corresponding to the coding type to the access network network element.
  • the mobility management network element receives the first indication information sent by the session management network element, and sends the first indication information to the access network network element.
  • Step 407a The access network element sends the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the access network element sends the first indication information to the terminal.
  • the access network element sends the priority corresponding to the coding type to the terminal.
  • step 407a can also be replaced with the following step 407b.
  • Step 407b The mobility management network element sends the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the mobility management network element sends the first indication information to the terminal.
  • the mobility management network element sends the priority corresponding to the coding type to the terminal.
  • Step 408a The user plane network element receives the media message, and recognizes the encoding type of the media message to obtain information associated with the encoding type.
  • the user plane network element may identify the encoding type of the media message according to the above step 303, and carry the information associated with the encoding type in the media message according to the above step 304.
  • Step 409a The user plane network element carries the information associated with the encoding type in a media message and sends it to the access network network element. Correspondingly, the access network element receives the media message.
  • Step 410a The access network element sends the media message to the terminal according to the information associated with the encoding type in the media message. Correspondingly, the terminal receives the media message.
  • the access network element when it receives the media message, it may send the media message to the terminal according to the method described in step 305 above.
  • Step 408b The terminal receives the media message, and recognizes the encoding type of the media message to obtain information associated with the encoding type.
  • the terminal may identify the encoding type of the media message according to the method in step 303, and carry the information associated with the encoding type in the media message according to step 304.
  • Step 409b The terminal carries the information associated with the encoding type in a media message and sends it to the access network element. Correspondingly, the access network element receives the media message.
  • Step 410b The access network element sends the media message to the user plane network element according to the information associated with the encoding type in the media message.
  • the user plane network element receives the media message.
  • the access network element when it receives the media message, it may send the media message to the user plane network element according to the method described in step 305 above.
  • the user plane network element may send the media message sent by the access network network element to the application server.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a media message transmission method provided by an embodiment of the application, and the method includes:
  • Step 501 The terminal sends a session establishment request to the mobility management network element through the access network element. In response, the mobility management network element receives the session establishment request.
  • the session establishment request is used to request the establishment of a PDU session corresponding to the terminal.
  • the terminal also sends a session identifier to the mobility management network element through the access network element, where the session identifier is used to identify the session.
  • the session establishment request and the session identifier are carried in a non-access stratum message (NAS message) and sent to the mobility management network element.
  • NAS message non-access stratum message
  • Step 502 The mobility management network element sends a session context creation request message to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the session context creation request message.
  • the session context creation request message may include the terminal identifier, the session identifier, and the session establishment request.
  • Step 503 The session management network element sends a policy creation request to the policy control network element.
  • the policy control network element receives the policy creation request.
  • the policy creation request may include the terminal identification and the session identification.
  • Step 504 The policy control network element sends a policy creation request response to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the policy creation request response.
  • the policy creation request response includes the identification information of the media service, the encoding type of the media service, and the QoS parameters corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the QoS parameters can be bandwidth, delay, and so on.
  • the policy creation request response includes the priority corresponding to the encoding type and the QoS parameter corresponding to the priority.
  • the policy creation request response further includes the fifth indication information shown in step 401 above.
  • Step 505 The session management network element sends an N4 session establishment request to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the N4 session establishment request.
  • the N4 session establishment request includes the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the N4 session establishment request further includes first indication information.
  • the N4 session establishment request further includes the priority corresponding to the encoding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the priority.
  • Step 506 The user plane network element sends an N4 session establishment request response to the session management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the N4 session establishment request response.
  • the N4 session establishment request response includes user plane network element tunnel information.
  • Step 507 The session management network element sends an N1N2 information transfer message to the mobility management network element.
  • the mobility management network element receives the N1N2 information transfer message.
  • the N1N2 information transfer message includes the session identifier, user plane network element tunnel information, and session establishment acceptance information; the session establishment acceptance information is used to indicate the acceptance of the session establishment request sent by the terminal.
  • the N1N2 information transmission message further includes the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the N1N2 information transfer message further includes first indication information.
  • the N1N2 information transmission message further includes the priority corresponding to the encoding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the priority.
  • Step 508 The mobility management network element sends an N2 session request to the access network network element.
  • the access network element receives the N2 session request.
  • the N2 session request includes the session identifier, user plane network element tunnel information, and session establishment acceptance information.
  • the N2 session request further includes the coding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the coding type.
  • the N2 session request further includes first indication information.
  • the N2 session request further includes the priority corresponding to the encoding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the priority.
  • Step 509 The access network element sends a wireless connection establishment request to the terminal.
  • the terminal receives the wireless connection establishment request.
  • the wireless connection establishment request includes the session establishment acceptance information, the encoding type, and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type.
  • the encoding type and the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type may be included in the session establishment acceptance message.
  • the wireless connection establishment request further includes the first indication information and/or the priority corresponding to the coding type.
  • the session establishment accept message includes the first indication information and/or the priority corresponding to the coding type.
  • Step 510 The access network element sends the access network element tunnel information to the session management network element through the mobility management network element.
  • the session management network element receives the access network element tunnel information.
  • Step 511 The session management network element sends an N4 session modification request to the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element receives the N4 session modification request.
  • the N4 session modification request includes access network element tunnel information.
  • the session management network element sends the access network element tunnel information to the user plane network element, and sends the user plane network element tunnel information to the access network element, so that the access network element and the user plane network element can establish a connection. PDU session establishment process.
  • the service type may refer to the service type of the media service.
  • the business types of media services may include game business types, animation business types, etc., without limitation.
  • the sending-end network element can obtain the correspondence between the service type and the QoS flow in a similar manner to the above-mentioned step 301.
  • the sending-end network element receives the media message of the media service
  • the sending-end network element The service type of the media message can be identified in a manner similar to the above step 303, and in a manner similar to the above step 304, according to the correspondence between the service type and the QoS flow, the QoS flow corresponding to the service type of the media message can be used.
  • a media message carrying information associated with the service type of the media message is sent to the access network element, and the access network element may transmit the received media message in a manner similar to the foregoing step 305.
  • the sending end network element can identify the service type of the received media message, and carry the information associated with the service type in the media message and send it to the access network element, so that the access network
  • the meta can perform differentiated transmission of media messages according to the information associated with the service types in the media messages. For example, taking the service types of media services including game service types and animation service types as an example, media messages can be differentiated transmission according to the QoS requirements corresponding to the service types, so that media messages of the game service type can be transmitted first, and then animation services can be transmitted. Take the service type media message as an example.
  • the access network element can, according to the information associated with the service type in the media message, preferentially transmit the media message whose service type is the game service type, and then transmit the media whose service type is the animation service type. Messages, thereby realizing differentiated transmission of media messages, shortening the time for users to wait for buffering when playing media messages, and improving user experience.
  • each device includes a hardware structure and/or software module corresponding to each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or computer software-driven hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the embodiment of the present application may divide the function modules of each network element according to the foregoing method examples.
  • each function module may be divided corresponding to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated into one processing module.
  • the above-mentioned integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of modules in the embodiments of the present application is illustrative, and is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • FIG. 6 shows a communication device, and the communication device 60 may be a sending-end network element or a chip or a system on a chip in the sending-end network element.
  • the communication device 60 may be used to perform the functions of the sending end network element involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication device 60 shown in FIG. 6 includes: a receiving module 601, a processing module 602, and a sending module 603.
  • the receiving module 601 is used to obtain the corresponding relationship between the encoding type and the QoS stream; wherein the transmitting end network element is a user plane network element or a terminal, and the QoS stream is used to transmit the media message whose encoding type is the encoding type corresponding to the QoS stream.
  • the receiving module 601 is also used to receive media messages of media services.
  • the processing module is used to identify the encoding type of the media message.
  • the sending module 603 is configured to send a media message carrying information associated with the encoding type to the network element of the access network through the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type of the media message according to the corresponding relationship.
  • the communication device 60 refers to the behavior function of the sending end network element in the media message transmission method described in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • the receiving module 601 is also used to receive first indication information for instructing to identify the encoding type of the media message of the media service; the processing module is also used to identify the media message according to the first indication information.
  • the encoding type of the text is also used to identify the media message according to the first indication information.
  • the coding type includes I frame, P frame or B frame; and/or the coding type includes base layer or enhancement layer.
  • the processing module is also used to identify the encoding layer of the media message to obtain the encoding type of the media message; or the processing module is also used to identify the media message at the application layer to obtain the instruction The second indication information of the encoding type of the media message; or the processing module, which is also used to identify the transport layer of the media message, to obtain the second indication information that is used to indicate the encoding type of the media message; or the processing module, which also uses Perform network layer identification on the media message to obtain the second indication information used to indicate the encoding type of the media message.
  • the information associated with the encoding type when different encoding types correspond to different QoS flows, when the sending end network element recognizes the media message by encoding layer, the information associated with the encoding type includes the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type; or When the sending end network element performs application layer/transport layer/network layer identification on the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes the identifier of the QoS flow corresponding to the encoding type indicated by the second indication information.
  • the information associated with the encoding type when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes information indicating the encoding type of the media message The third indication information; or when the sending end network element performs application layer/transmission layer/network layer identification on the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes the second indication information.
  • the third indication information is located at the GTP-U layer or the PDCP layer of the media message.
  • the information associated with the encoding type when different encoding types correspond to the same QoS flow, when the sending end network element recognizes the encoding layer of the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes the encoding type corresponding to the media message Or when the sending end network element performs application layer/transport layer/network layer identification on the media message, the information associated with the encoding type includes the fourth instruction information associated with the second instruction information; where , The fourth indication information is used to indicate the priority corresponding to the encoding type of the media message.
  • the receiving module 601 is also used to receive the priority corresponding to the encoding type; the processing module is also used to determine the fourth indication information according to the encoding type of the media message.
  • the receiving module 601 and the sending module 603 in FIG. 6 can be replaced by a transceiver.
  • the transceiver can integrate the functions of the receiving module 601 and the sending module 603.
  • the processing module 602 can be replaced by a processor.
  • the processor may integrate the functions of the processing module 602.
  • the communication device 60 shown in FIG. 6 may also include a memory.
  • the communication device 60 involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 7 shows a communication device, and the communication device 70 may be a session management network element or a chip or a system on a chip in a session management network element.
  • the communication device 70 may be used to perform the functions of the session management network element involved in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the communication device 70 shown in FIG. 7 includes: a receiving module 701 and a sending module 702.
  • the receiving module 701 is configured to receive the coding type and the quality of service QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type from the policy control network element.
  • the sending module 702 is configured to send the coding type and the identification of the quality of service QoS flow corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element according to the coding type and the QoS parameters corresponding to the coding type;
  • the identifier is used to identify the QoS flow, and the QoS flow is used to transmit the media message of the media service.
  • the communication device 70 refers to the behavior function of the session management network element in the media message transmission method described in FIG. 3 to FIG. 5.
  • the sending module 702 is further configured to send the first indication information for instructing to identify the coding type of the media message of the media service to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the sending module 702 is also used to send the priority corresponding to the coding type to the mobility management network element and/or the user plane network element.
  • the receiving module 701 and the sending module 702 in FIG. 7 can be replaced by a transceiver, and the transceiver can integrate the functions of the receiving module 701 and the sending module 702.
  • the communication device 70 shown in FIG. 7 may also include a memory.
  • the receiving module 701 and the sending module 702 are replaced by transceivers, the communication device 70 involved in the embodiment of the present application may be the communication device shown in FIG. 2.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. All or part of the processes in the foregoing method embodiments may be completed by a computer program instructing relevant hardware.
  • the program may be stored in the foregoing computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it may include processes as in the foregoing method embodiments. .
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be an internal storage unit of the terminal (including the data sending end and/or the data receiving end) of any of the foregoing embodiments, such as the hard disk or memory of the terminal.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may also be an external storage device of the terminal, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, and a flash memory card equipped on the terminal.
  • SMC smart media card
  • SD secure digital
  • the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may also include both an internal storage unit of the aforementioned terminal and an external storage device.
  • the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium is used to store the aforementioned computer program and other programs and data required by the aforementioned terminal.
  • the aforementioned computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more
  • “multiple” refers to two or more than two
  • “at least two (item)” refers to two or three And three or more
  • "and/or” is used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, "A and/or B” can mean: there is only A, only B and A at the same time And B three cases, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or” relationship.
  • At least one item (a) refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (a) or a plurality of items (a).
  • at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c" ", where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.
  • the disclosed device and method may be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
  • there may be other division methods for example, multiple units or components may be It can be combined or integrated into another device, or some features can be omitted or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate.
  • the parts displayed as units may be one physical unit or multiple physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple different places. . Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a readable storage medium.
  • the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solutions can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the software product is stored in a storage medium. It includes several instructions to make a device (which may be a single-chip microcomputer, a chip, etc.) or a processor (processor) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, ROM, RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统，涉及通信技术领域，能够解决现有技术中用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间较长的技术问题。方法包括：发送端网元获取编码类型与服务质量QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，QoS流用于传输编码类型为QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文；发送端网元识别接收到的媒体报文的编码类型；并根据对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送携带与编码类型关联的信息的媒体报文。

Description

媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统
本申请要求于2020年04月22日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202010322813.8、申请名称为“媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其是涉及一种媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
随着新媒体行业的快速发展，超高清视频、虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)全景视频等业务的普遍使用使得用户对网络带宽的需求越来越大。现有媒体业务的数据在进行传输时，由于媒体业务的数据量较大，如果直接在网络中传输，对网络带宽的需求较大，传输时间较长，用户体验感较差。现有技术中，可以采用编码技术(例如，H.264编码技术、H.264可分级层视频编码(scalable video coding，SVC)技术等)对媒体业务的数据进行编码生成媒体报文，实现对媒体业务的数据的压缩，以降低媒体业务的数据对网络带宽的需求，缩短传输时间，提高用户体验感。
目前，采用编码技术压缩得到的媒体报文对应不同的编码类型，具有不同编码类型的媒体报文在解码过程中存在依赖关系。对于接收端而言，当其对接收到的媒体报文进行解码时，需要等到接收到该媒体报文所依赖的媒体报文后，才能实现对该媒体报文的解码。例如，以采用H.264编码技术对媒体业务的数据进行编码为例，可以得到编码类型为I帧、P帧或B帧的媒体报文，I帧、P帧、B帧之间具有依赖关系。发送端采用H.264编码技术对媒体业务的数据进行编码处理，并发送给接收端后，接收端可以独立完成对I帧的解码，对P帧的解码需依赖于该P帧前面的I帧或P帧，对B帧的解码需依赖其前面和后面的I帧或P帧。
现有技术中，发送端是按照媒体报文的先后发送顺序向接收端发送媒体报文的，接收端在对媒体报文进行解码时，如果当前媒体报文的解码需要依赖于其他媒体报文，则需等到当前媒体报文所依赖的媒体报文都传输完成后，才能实现对当前媒体报文的解码。例如，现有技术中，以采用H.264编码对媒体报文进行编码为例，I帧、P帧、B帧在网络中传输时，通常按照帧的到来顺序，依次进行传输。但是，由于P帧的解码需要依赖其前面的I帧或P帧，B帧的解码需要依赖其前面和后面的I帧或P帧，如果按照帧的到来顺序依次进行传输，P帧与B帧需等到其依赖的I帧或P帧传输完成后才能实现解码，导致用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间较长。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种媒体报文的传输方法、装置及系统，能够解决现有技术中用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间较长的技术问题。
第一方面，提供了一种媒体报文的传输方法，该方法包括：发送端网元获取编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，QoS流用于传输编码类型为QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文；发送端网元接收媒体业务的媒体报文；发送端 网元识别媒体报文的编码类型；发送端网元根据对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送携带有与编码类型关联的信息媒体报文。
基于第一方面，本申请实施例中，发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元可以按照媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面，发送端网元接收用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息；根据第一指示信息，识别媒体报文的编码类型。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元可以根据接收到的第一指示信息，确定需要对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并在后续数据传输过程中，对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧；和/或编码类型包括基本层或增强层。
基于该可能的设计，编码类型可以是上述编码类型，也可以是其他编码技术对应的编码类型，不予限制。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型；或者发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息；或者发送端网元对媒体报文进行传输层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息；或者发送端网元对媒体报文进行网络层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元可以采用上述任一方式得到媒体报文的编码类型，为发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型提供了可行性方案。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括编码类型对应的QoS流的标识；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息指示的编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，可以将QoS流的标识作为与编码类型关联的信息，以使接入网网元根据QoS流的标识对接收到的媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第三指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，可以在媒体报文中携带用于指示媒体报文编码类型的第二指示信息或者第三指示信息，以使接入网网元根据第二指示信息或第三指示信息确定媒体报文的编码类型，并对不同的编码类型进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，第三指示信息位于媒体报文的GTP-U层或PDCP层。
基于该可能的设计，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，第三指示信息位于GTP-U层，当发送端网元为终端时，第三指示信息位于PDCP层。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级的第四指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括与第二指示信息关联的第四指示信息；其中，第四指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，可以在媒体报文中携带第四指示信息，以使接入网网元根据第四指示信息确定媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级，根据优先级对不同的编码类型进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第一方面或者第一方面的可能的设计，发送端网元接收编码类型对应的优先级；发送端网元根据媒体报文的编码类型，确定第四指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别后，根据编码类型与优先级的对应关系，确定第四指示信息。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，通信装置可以实现上述第一方面或者第一方面可能的设计中发送端网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个上述功能相应的模块。如，接收模块，处理模块，发送模块。
接收模块，用于获取编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，QoS流用于传输编码类型为QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文。
接收模块，还用于接收媒体业务的媒体报文。
处理模块，用于识别媒体报文的编码类型。
发送模块，用于根据对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送携带有与编码类型关联的信息媒体报文。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的设计提供的媒体报文的传输方法中发送端网元的行为功能，基于第二方面所述的通信装置，发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元可以按照媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面，接收模块，还用于接收用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息；处理模块，还用于根据第一指示信息，识别媒体报文的编码类型。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元可以根据接收到的第一指示信息，确定需要对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并在后续数据传输过程中，对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧；和/或编码类型包括基本层或增强层。
基于该可能的设计，编码类型可以是上述编码类型，也可以是其他编码技术对应的编码类型，不予限制。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行应用层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行传输层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行网络层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元可以采用上述任一方式得到媒体报文的编码类型，为发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型提供了可行性方案。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括编码类型对应的QoS流的标识；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息指示的编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，可以将QoS流的标识作为与编码类型关联的信息，以使接入网网元根据QoS流的标识对接收到的媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第三指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，可以在媒体报文中携带用于指示媒体报文编码类型的第二指示信息或者第三指示信息，以使接入网网元根据第二指示信息或第三指示信息确定媒体报文的编码类型，并对不同的编码类型进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，第三指示信息位于媒体报文的GTP-U层或PDCP层。
基于该可能的设计，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，第三指示信息位于GTP-U层，当发送端网元为终端时，第三指示信息位于PDCP层。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级的第四指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括与第二指示信息关联的第四指示信息；其中，第四指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级。
基于该可能的设计，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，可以在媒体报文中携带 第四指示信息，以使接入网网元根据第四指示信息确定媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级，根据优先级对不同的编码类型进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第二方面或者第二方面的可能的设计，接收模块，还用于接收编码类型对应的优先级；处理模块，还用于根据媒体报文的编码类型，确定第四指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，发送端网元对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别后，根据编码类型与优先级的对应关系，确定第四指示信息。
第三方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为发送端网元或者发送端网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置可以实现上述各方面或者各可能的设计中发送端网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现。一种可能的设计中，该通信装置可以包括：收发器和处理器。收发器和处理器可以用于支持通信装置实现上述第一方面或者第一方面的任一种可能的设计中所涉及的功能。例如：收发器可以用于获取编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，QoS流用于传输编码类型为QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文，收发器还可以用于接收媒体业务的媒体报文，处理器可以用于识别媒体报文的编码类型，收发器还可以用于根据对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送携带有与编码类型关联的信息媒体报文。在又一种可能的设计中，所述通信装置还可以包括存储器，存储器，用于保存通信装置必要的计算机执行指令和数据。当该通信装置运行时，该处理器执行该存储器存储的该计算机执行指令，以使该通信装置执行如上述第一方面或者第一方面的任一种可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的设计提供的媒体报文的传输方法中发送端网元的行为功能。
第四方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器用于存储计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当一个或多个处理器执行计算机指令时，使得通信装置执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第五方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第六方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第七方面，提供了一种芯片系统，所述芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器中存储有计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当所述一个或多个处理器执行所述计算机程序代码或计算机指令时，使得所述芯片系统执行如上述第一方面或者第一方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
其中，第三方面至第七方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见上述第一方面至第二方面的任一种可能的设计所带来的技术效果，不再赘述。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供了一种媒体报文的传输方法，该方法包括：会话管理网 元接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数；会话管理网元根据编码类型和编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，QoS流的标识用于标识QoS流，QoS流用于对媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。
基于第八方面，本申请实施例中，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的QoS流的标识，以使用户面网元或终端通过编码类型对应的QoS流将具有该编码类型的媒体报文发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第八方面，会话管理网元向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送第一指示信息，以使用户面网元或终端可以根据该第一指示信息对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
一种可能的设计中，结合第八方面或者第八方面的可能的设计，会话管理网元向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型对应的优先级。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型对应的优先级，以使用户面网元或终端将编码类型对应的优先级携带在具有该编码类型的媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元根据优先级对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，通信装置可以实现上述第八方面或者第八方面可能的设计中会话管理网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。所述硬件或软件包括一个或多个上述功能相应的模块。如，接收模块，发送模块。
接收模块，用于接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数。
发送模块，用于根据编码类型和编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，QoS流的标识用于标识QoS流，QoS流用于对媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第八方面或第八方面的任一种可能的设计提供的媒体报文的传输方法中会话管理网元的行为功能，基于第九方面所述的通信装置，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的QoS流的标识，以使用户面网元或终端通过编码类型对应的QoS流将具有该编码类型的媒体报文发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
一种可能的设计中，结合第九方面，发送模块，还用于向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送第一指示信息，以使用户面网元或终端可以根据该第一指示信息对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类 型识别。
一种可能的设计中，结合第九方面或者第九方面的可能的设计，发送模块，还用于向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型对应的优先级。
基于该可能的设计，会话管理网元可以向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型对应的优先级，以使用户面网元或终端将编码类型对应的优先级携带在具有该编码类型的媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元根据优先级对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
第十方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置可以为会话管理网元或者会话管理网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置可以实现上述各方面或者各可能的设计中会话管理网元所执行的功能，所述功能可以通过硬件实现。一种可能的设计中，该通信装置可以包括：收发器。收发器可以用于支持通信装置实现上述第八方面或者第八方面的任一种可能的设计中所涉及的功能。例如：收发器可以用于接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数，收发器还可以用于根据编码类型和编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，QoS流的标识用于标识QoS流，QoS流用于对媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。在又一种可能的设计中，所述通信装置还可以包括存储器，存储器，用于保存通信装置必要的计算机执行指令和数据。当该通信装置运行时，该处理器执行该存储器存储的该计算机执行指令，以使该通信装置执行如上述第八方面或者第八方面的任一种可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
其中，该通信装置的具体实现方式可参考第八方面或第八方面的任一种可能的设计提供的媒体报文的传输方法中会话管理网元的行为功能。
第十一方面，提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器用于存储计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当一个或多个处理器执行计算机指令时，使得通信装置执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第十三方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
第十四方面，提供了一种芯片系统，所述芯片系统包括一个或多个处理器和一个或多个存储器；一个或多个存储器与一个或多个处理器耦合，一个或多个存储器中存储有计算机程序代码或计算机指令；当所述一个或多个处理器执行所述计算机程序代码或计算机指令时，使得所述芯片系统执行如上述第八方面或者第八方面的任一可能的设计所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
其中，第十方面至第十四方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见上述第八方面至第九方面的任一种可能的设计所带来的技术效果，不再赘述。
第十五方面，提供了一种通信系统，该通信系统包括如第二方面至第三方面的任一方 面所述的通信装置以及如第九方面至第十方面任一方面所述通信装置。
附图说明
图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的示意图；
图1b为本申请实施例提供的一种5G通信系统的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成结构图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法流程图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法流程图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法流程图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
目前，现有技术中，在进行媒体报文的传输时，发送端是按照媒体报文的到来顺序，依次将媒体报文发送给接收端，接收端在对媒体报文进行解码时，如果当前媒体报文的解码需要依赖于其他媒体报文，则需等到当前媒体报文所依赖的媒体报文都传输完成后，才能实现对当前媒体报文的解码，导致用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间较长。
为解决该问题，本申请实施例提供了一种媒体报文的传输方法，其中，发送端网元可以对接收到的媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中，通过编码类型对应的QoS流发送给接入网网元。与现有技术中发送端网元按照媒体报文的到来顺序将媒体报文依次发送给接收端网元相比，本申请实施例中发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元可以按照媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息对媒体报文进行差异化传输，从而缩短接收端网元对媒体报文的解码时间，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
下面结合说明书附图对本申请实施例的实施方式进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供的媒体报文的传输方法可用于任一通信系统，该通信系统可以为第三代合作伙伴计划(third generation partnership project，3GPP)通信系统，例如，长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)系统，又可以为第五代(fifth generation，5G)移动通信系统、新空口(new radio，NR)系统、NR V2X系统以及其他下一代通信系统，也可以为非3GPP通信系统，不予限制。本申请实施例提供的媒体报文的传输方法可以应用于各种通信场景，例如可以应用于以下通信场景中的一种或多种：增强移动宽带(enhanced mobile broadband，eMBB)、超可靠低时延通信(ultra reliable low latency communication，URLLC)、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)、大规模机器类型通信(massive machine type communications，mMTC)、设备到设备(device to device，D2D)、车辆外联(vehicle to everything，V2X)、车辆到车辆(vehicle to vehicle，V2V)、和物联网(internet of things，IoT)等。下面以图1a为例，对本申请实施例提供的媒体报文的传输方法进行描述。
图1a为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的示意图，如图1a所示，该通信系统可以包括至少一个用户设备、接入网网元、移动性管理网元、会话管理网元、策略控制网元、用户面网元、应用功能网元和数据网络(data network，DN)。
其中，图1a中用户设备可以位于接入网网元的小区覆盖范围内。其中，用户设备可以 通过上行链路(uplink，UL)与接入网网元进行空口通信，在UL方向上，用户设备向接入网网元发送数据，接入网网元将接收到的数据转发给核心网网元，由核心网网元对该数据进行处理，并将处理后的数据通过N6接口发送给应用服务器；在DL方向上，应用服务器向核心网网元发送下行数据，由核心网网元对该数据处理，并将处理后的数据通过N3接口发送给接入网网元，接入网网元对该数据进行处理后，通过空口发送至用户设备。如：用户设备在UL方向上通过上行链路物理层共享信道(physical sidelink share channel，PUSCH)向接入网网元发送上行数据，接入网网元将接收到的上行数据转发给核心网网元，核心网网元对该上行数据进行处理，将处理后的上行数据通过N6接口发送给应用服务器；其中，转发用户设备至核心网网元的上行数据的接入网网元与转发核心网网元至用户设备的下行数据的接入网网元可以是同一个接入网网元，也可以是不同的接入网网元。
用户设备也可以通过特定接口与核心网网元进行通信，如：用户设备可以通过N1接口与核心网网元中的接入和移动性管理网元进行通信。
用户设备在接入网络后可以建立协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话，通过PDU会话访问外部数据网络DN，与部署在DN中的应用服务器进行交互，如图1a所示，根据用户访问的DN不同，网络可以根据网络策略选择接入DN的用户面网元作为PDU会话的锚点，即协议数据单元锚点(PDU session anchor，PSA)，通过PSA的N6接口访问应用服务器，同一个应用的应用服务器可以部署在多个位置，网络可以根据用户设备的接入位置，选择靠近用户设备同时又能支持用户设备访问DN的PSA，以减少路由迂回，降低网络延迟。
其中，图1a中的用户设备(user equipment，UE)可以称为终端(terminal)或者移动台(mobile station，MS)或者移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)等。具体的，图1a中的用户设备可以是手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑或带无线收发功能的电脑。用户设备还可以是虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)终端、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)终端、工业控制中的无线终端、无人驾驶中的无线终端、远程医疗中的无线终端、智能电网中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、车载终端、具有车对车(vehicle-to-vehicle，V2V)通信能力的车辆、智能网联车、有无人机对无人机(UAV to UAV，U2U)通信能力的无人机等等，不予限制。
图1a中的接入网网元可以是任意一种具有无线收发功能的设备，主要用于实现无线物理控制功能、资源调度和无线资源管理、无线接入控制以及移动性管理等功能。具体的，接入网网元可以为支持有线接入的设备，也可以为支持无线接入的设备。示例性的，该接入网网元可以为接入网(access network，AN)/无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)设备，由多个5G-AN/5G-RAN节点组成。5G-AN/5G-RAN节点可以为：接入点(access point，AP)、基站(nodeB，NB)、增强型基站(enhance nodeB，eNB)、下一代基站(NR nodeB，gNB)、传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)、传输点(transmission point，TP)或某种其它接入节点等。
图1a中的移动性管理网元，主要负责用户设备的接入认证、移动性管理、各个功能网元间的信令交互等工作，如：对用户的注册状态、用户的连接状态、用户注册入网、跟踪区更新、小区切换用户认证和密钥安全等进行管理。
图1a中的会话管理网元，可以称为会话管理功能或者多播/组播业务管理功能 (multicast/broadcast-service management function，MB-SMF)或者多播会话管理网元等，不予限制。会话管理网元主要用于实现用户面传输逻辑通道，如：分组数据单元(packet data unit，PDU)会话的建立、释放和更改等会话管理功能。
图1a中的策略控制网元，可以用于向移动性管理网元、会话管理网元提供策略，如：服务质量(quality of service)策略等等。
图1a中的用户面网元，可以称为PDU会话锚点(PSF)、用户面功能或者多播/组播用户面功能(multicast/broadcast user plane fuction，MB-UPF)。用户面网元可以作为用户面传输逻辑通道上的锚点，主要用于完成用户面数据的路由转发等功能，如：与终端之间建立通道(即用户面传输逻辑通道)，在该通道上转发终端和DN之间的数据包以及负责对终端的数据报文过滤、数据转发、速率控制、生成计费信息等。多播/组播(multicast/broadcast，MB)业务控制器(MB service controller)，具有群组管理、安全管理以及业务公告等业务管理功能。
图1a中的应用功能网元，主要是提供应用服务器和核心网中的网元交互的中间功能实体，应用服务器可以通过它实现对网络服务质量和计费的动态控制、保障SLA需求、获取核心网中某个网元的运行信息等。在本申请实施例中，应用功能网元可以为运营商部署的功能实体，也可以为服务提供商部署的功能实体，该服务提供商可以为第三方服务提供商，还可以为运营商内部的服务提供商，不予限制。应用功能网元和应用服务器可以合一部署，也可以单独部署，应用功能网元和应用服务器的具体部署方式，本申请不予限制。
图1a中的数据网络DN，可以为向用户提供数据传输服务的运营商网络，如：可以为向用户提供IP多媒体业务(IP multi-media service，IMS)的运营商网络等。DN中可以部署有应用服务器(application server，AS)，该应用服务器可以向用户提供数据传输服务。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例的终端、接入网网元以及核心网网元都可以为一个或多个芯片，也可以为片上系统(system on chip，SOC)等。图1a仅为示例性附图，其包括的设备数量不受限制。此外，除图1a所示设备之外，该通信系统还可以包括其他设备。图1a中各个设备的名称、各个链路的命名不受限制，除图1a所示名称之外，各个设备、各个链路还可以命名为其他名称。除图1a所示网元外，图1a所示网络还可以包括网络切片选择网元、网络仓库网元、认证服务网元、网络存储网元、网络数据分析网元、网络开放网元等，不予限制。
具体的，图1a所示通信系统可以为第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd generation partnership project，3GPP)中的通信系统，例如，可以为长期演进(long term evolution，LTE)通信系统，或者，第四代(4th generation，4G)通信系统、或者，第五代(5th generation，5G)通信系统或者新空口(new radio，NR)通信系统，也可以是非3GPP通信系统，不予限制。
以图1a所示的通信系统为5G通信系统为例，如图1b所示，上述接入网网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)、移动性管理网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)、会话管理网元所对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)、策略控制网元可以为5G通信系统中的策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)、用户面网元所对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)、应用功能网元对 应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的应用功能(application function，AF)、网络切片选择网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络切片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)、网络仓库网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络仓库功能(network repository function，NRF)、鉴权服务网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的鉴权服务功能(authentication server function，AUSF)、网络存储网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的NRF或者统一数据仓库(unified data repository，UDR)或者统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)、网络数据分析网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function，NWDAF)、网络开放网元对应的网元或者实体可以为5G通信系统中的网络开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)、业务控制网元对应的网元或实体可以为5G通信系统中的业务控制点(service control point，SCP)等。
其中，如图1b所示，终端通过下一代网络(next generation，N)1接口(简称N1)与AMF通信，RAN设备通过N2接口(简称N2)与AMF通信，RAN设备通过N3接口(简称N3)与UPF通信，UPF通过N6接口与DN中的应用服务器通信。核心网网元之间可以通过服务化接口相互通信，如：AMF可以通过Namf接口与其他核心网网元通信，SMF可以通过Nsmf接口与其他核心网网元通信，PCF可以通过Npcf接口与其他核心网网元通信，NSSF可以通过Nnssf接口与其他核心网网元通信，NEF可以通过Nnef接口与其他核心网网元通信，NRF可以通过Nnrf接口与其他核心网网元通信，UDM可以通过Nudr接口与其他核心网网元通信，NWDAF可以通过Nnwdaf接口与其他核心网网元通信，AUSF可以通过Nausf接口与其他核心网网元通信。
具体实现时，图1a所示，如：各个终端、接入网网元和核心网网元均可以采用图2所示的组成结构，或者包括图2所示的部件。图2为本申请实施例提供的一种通信装置200的组成示意图，该通信装置200可以为终端或者终端中的芯片或者片上系统；也可以为接入网网元或者接入网网元中的芯片或者片上系统；也可以为核心网网元或者核心网网元中的芯片或者片上系统。如图2所示，该通信装置200包括处理器201，收发器202以及通信线路203。
进一步的，该通信装置200还可以包括存储器204。其中，处理器201，存储器204以及收发器202之间可以通过通信线路203连接。
其中，处理器201是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、通用处理器网络处理器(network processor，NP)、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing，DSP)、微处理器、微控制器、可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device，PLD)或它们的任意组合。处理器201还可以是其它具有处理功能的装置，例如电路、器件或软件模块，不予限制。
收发器202，用于与其他设备或其它通信网络进行通信。该其它通信网络可以为以太网，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。收发器202可以是模块、电路、收发器或者任何能够实现通信的装置。
通信线路203，用于在通信装置200所包括的各部件之间传送信息。
存储器204，用于存储指令。其中，指令可以是计算机程序。
其中，存储器204可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和/或指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，也可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory， RAM)或可存储信息和/或指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，还可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或其他磁存储设备等，不予限制。
需要指出的是，存储器204可以独立于处理器201存在，也可以和处理器201集成在一起。存储器204可以用于存储指令或者程序代码或者一些数据等。存储器204可以位于通信装置200内，也可以位于通信装置200外，不予限制。处理器201，用于执行存储器204中存储的指令，以实现本申请下述实施例提供的媒体报文的传输方法。
在一种示例中，处理器201可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图2中的CPU0和CPU1。
作为一种可选的实现方式，通信装置200包括多个处理器，例如，除图2中的处理器201之外，还可以包括处理器207。
作为一种可选的实现方式，通信装置200还包括输出设备205和输入设备206。示例性地，输入设备206是键盘、鼠标、麦克风或操作杆等设备，输出设备205是显示屏、扬声器(speaker)等设备。
需要指出的是，通信装置200可以是台式机、便携式电脑、网络服务器、移动手机、平板电脑、无线终端、嵌入式设备、芯片系统或有图2中类似结构的设备。此外，图3中示出的组成结构并不构成对该通信装置的限定，除图2所示部件之外，该通信装置可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件，或者组合某些部件，或者不同的部件布置。
本申请实施例中，芯片系统可以由芯片构成，也可以包括芯片和其他分立器件。
此外，本申请的各实施例之间涉及的动作、术语等均可以相互参考，不予限制。本申请的实施例中各个设备之间交互的消息名称或消息中的参数名称等只是一个示例，具体实现中也可以采用其他的名称，不予限制。
下面结合图1a所示通信系统，对本申请实施例提供的媒体报文的传输方法进行描述，其中，发送端网元可以为通信系统中的任一终端或用户面网元，接入网网元可以为通信系统中的任一接入网网元，下述实施例所述的发送端网元、接入网网元、会话管理网元、移动性管理网元、策略控制网元可以具备图2所示部件。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法的流程图，如图3所示，该方法可以包括：
步骤301、发送端网元获取编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系。
其中，发送端网元可以为用户面网元或终端。终端可以为图1a所示系统中任一终端，用户面网元可以为终端建立的PDU会话对应的用户面网元，可以为终端建立的PDU会话的锚点。终端可以通过PDU会话将发往应用服务器的媒体报文发送给用户面网元，由用户面网元发送给应用服务器。用户面网元可以将应用服务器下发给终端的媒体报文通过该PDU会话发送给终端。需要说明的是，在执行本申请实施例之前，终端已参照现有技术建立PDU会话，不予赘述。
其中，编码类型可以指对媒体业务的媒体报文经过编码技术处理后，媒体报文所对应的分辨率类型、质量等级类型或帧速率类型等。媒体业务的编码类型可以包括多种，编码技术可以包括H.264编码技术、H.264SVC编码技术、VP8编码技术、VP9编码技术以及其他编码技术等等。例如，当采用H.264编码技术对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码时，媒 体业务的编码类型可以为I帧、P帧或B帧。当采用H.264SVC编码技术对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码时，媒体业务的编码类型可以为基本层或增强层。当采用VP8编码技术或VP9编码技术对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码时，媒体业务的编码类型可以为P帧、G帧(golden frame)和选择参考帧(alternative reference frame，altref帧)。本申请实施例中还可采用其他编码技术对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码，得到上述其他编码技术对应的编码类型等，不予限制。
另外，也可以根据媒体业务对应的视频流的视角，确定媒体报文的编码类型；或者，根据媒体业务对应的编码技术，确定媒体业务的编码类型等，不予限制。
示例性的，以根据媒体业务对应的视频流的视角为例，可以确定媒体业务的编码类型为前景流或背景流。例如，可以将视角范围内的视频流编码后得到的媒体报文的编码类型确定为前景流，将视角范围外的其他背景区域内的视频流编码后得到的媒体报文的编码类型确定为背景流。
又一种示例中，以媒体业务的编码技术包括VP8编码机制和VP9编码机制为例，可以确定媒体业务的编码类型为VP8或VP9。例如，可以将采用VP8编码技术编码得到的媒体报文的编码类型确定为VP8，将采用VP9编码技术编码得到的媒体报文的编码类型确定为VP9。
本申请实施例中，为了满足媒体业务的QoS需求，可以将编码类型与支持传输具有编码类型的媒体报文的QoS流对应起来，通过该QoS流传输该媒体报文。其中，QoS流可以为终端建立的PDU会话对应的一个或者多个QoS流，QoS流可以用于终端与用户面网元之间传输媒体报文，该QoS流的QoS参数满足其上传输的媒体报文的QoS需求。示例性的，会话管理网元可以在为终端建立该PDU会话时，建立与编码类型对应的QoS流；或者，会话管理网元为终端建立PDU会话之后，修改该PDU会话，包括修改或增加PDU会话的QoS流，使修改或增加后的QoS流与编码类型对应，满足具有该编码类型的媒体业务的传输需求等QoS需求。具体的，会话管理网元确定编码类型对应的QoS流的过程可参照图4所示方法。
其中，编码类型与QoS流的对应方式可以采用一对一的对应方式，也可以采用多对一的对应方式，不予限制。需要说明的是，编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系还可以替换描述为编码类型与QoS流的标识之间的对应关系，QoS流的标识可以为服务质量流的身份标识(quality of service flow identity，QFI)、分配保留优先级(allocation retention priority，ARP)或第五代移动通信技术服务质量标识(fifth-generation mobile networks quality of service identifier，5QI)等，不予限制。
其中，多对一的对应方式可以是一部分编码类型对应一个QoS流，另一部分编码类型对应另一个QoS流。多对一的对应方式也可以是所有编码类型对应同一个QoS流。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，I帧可以对应QoS流1、P帧对应QoS流2、B帧对应QoS流3。或者I帧对应QoS流1、P帧和B帧对应QoS流2。或者I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS流1。
其中，编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系可以以数组形式表示，也可以以表格形式表示或者以其他形式表示，不予限制。假设编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，I帧可以对应QoS流1、P帧对应QoS流2、B帧对应QoS流3，以编码类型与QoS流之间的对应 关系以数组形式表示为例，编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系包括：(I帧，QoS流1)、(P帧，QoS流2)、(B帧，QoS流3)。以编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系以表格形式表示为例，编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系可以如下表一所示：
表一
I帧 QoS流1
P帧 QoS流2
B帧 QoS流3
一种可能的设计，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，用户面网元接收会话管理网元发送的媒体业务的编码类型以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识，便于用户面网元通过编码类型对应的QoS流将具有该编码类型的媒体报文传输给接入网网元。
又一种可能的设计，当发送端网元为终端时，终端通过移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的媒体业务的编码类型以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识，便于终端通过编码类型对应的QoS流将具有该编码类型的媒体报文传输给接入网网元。
步骤302、发送端网元接收媒体业务的媒体报文。
其中，发送端接收到的媒体报文为采用编码技术编码后得到的媒体报文。
可选的，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，用户面网元接收应用服务器发送的媒体报文。例如，以编码技术为H.264为例，应用服务器可以采用H.264编码技术对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码，得到编码类型为I帧、P帧或B帧的媒体报文。
进一步的，应用服务器还可以在应用层、传输层或网络层为媒体报文设置第二指示信息，以指示该媒体报文的编码类型。即媒体报文的应用层、传输层或网络层的报文头中包含第二指示信息。
其中，应用服务器可以根据应用层协议为媒体报文设置第二指示信息，应用层协议可以为超文本传输安全协议(hypertext transfer protocol secure，HTTPS)或实时流传输协议(real time streaming protocol，RTSP)等，不予限制。或者，应用服务器可以根据传输层协议为媒体报文设置第二指示信息，传输层协议可以为传输控制协议(transmission control protocol，TCP)或多路径TCP协议(multip-path TCP，MPTCP)等，当用户面网元与应用服务器之间采用隧道协议传输报文时，传输层协议还可以是对应的隧道协议，不予限制。或者，应用服务器可以根据网络层协议为媒体报文设置第二指示信息，网络层协议可以是网络之间互连的协议(internet protocol，IP)等，不予限制。
可选的，当发送端网元为终端时，终端接收来自应用层的媒体报文。
其中，终端上可以安装有各种应用程序(application，APP)，APP可以生成媒体报文，终端可以从终端安装的APP获取媒体报文，即终端接收来自应用层的媒体报文。
步骤303、发送端网元识别媒体报文的编码类型。
示例性的，发送端网元可以采用下述四种方式中任一方式对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型：
方式一：发送端可以对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型。
方式二：发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行应用层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
方式三：发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行传输层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，第 二指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
方式四：发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行网络层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，第二指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
可选的，发送端网元根据接收到的第一指示信息，对接收到的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。其中，第一指示信息用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
具体的，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，用户面网元可以接收会话管理网元发送的第一指示信息。当发送端网元为终端时，终端可以通过移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的第一指示信息，或者通过接入网网元和移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的第一指示信息。
其中，第一指示信息用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别具体可以包括：指示采用上述方式一或者方式二或者方式三或者方式四对媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
需要说明的是，发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型的过程可参照现有技术，不予赘述。另外，上述对媒体报文进行编码时，在应用层、传输层或网络层设置第二指示信息的过程也可参照现有技术中在应用层、传输层或网络层设置指示信息的过程，不予赘述。
步骤304、发送端网元根据步骤301中获取到的对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送媒体报文。相应的，接入网网元接收媒体报文。
其中，媒体报文可以携带媒体数据，还可以携带与编码类型关联的信息；与编码类型关联的信息可以用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
示例性的，与编码类型关联的信息可以为下述4种信息中的一种：
(1)当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，与编码类型关联的信息可以为编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
其中，由于不同的QoS流对应不同的QoS参数，如传输优先级、带宽、时延等，发送端网元可以在接收到媒体报文后，将识别出的编码类型对应的QoS流的标识携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元后，以使接入网网元根据媒体报文对应的QoS流对媒体报文进行优先级传输。
可选的，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流指媒体业务的编码类型与QoS流一一对应时，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧，I帧对应的QoS流为QFI1、P帧对应的QoS流为QFI2、B帧对应的QoS流为QFI3为例，对上述与编码类型关联的信息进行详细描述。
由于接收端网元在对接收到的媒体报文进行解码时，可以独立完成对I帧的解码，对P帧的解码需依赖于该P帧前面的I帧或P帧，对B帧的解码需依赖其前面和后面的I帧或P帧，按照解码依赖度，可以将I帧对应的QFI1的传输优先级设置为高，将P帧对应的QFI2的传输优先级设置为中，将B帧对应的QFI3的传输优先级设置为低。这样，发送端网元在接收到媒体报文并进行编码类型识别后，可以将QFI1携带在编码类型为I帧的媒体报文中，将QFI2携带在编码类型为P帧的媒体报文中，将QFI3携带在编码类型为B帧的媒体报文中。以使接入网网元接收到媒体报文后，根据QFI1对应的传输优先级对携带有QFI1的媒体报文进行传输，根据QFI2对应的传输优先级对携带有QFI2的媒体报文进行传输，根据QFI3对应的传输优先级对携带有QFI3的媒体报文进行传输。
例如，以接入网网元依次接收到携带有QFI2的媒体报文2、携带有QFI3的媒体报文 3、携带有QFI1的媒体报文1为例，接入网网元可以根据媒体报文对应的传输优先级对媒体报文进行传输，而不用根据媒体报文的接收顺序对媒体报文进行传输。由于QFI1的传输优先级为高，QFI2的传输优先级为中，QFI3的传输优先级为低，接入网网元可以优先传输媒体报文1，然后传输媒体报文2，最后传输媒体报文3。
可选的，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流指一部分编码类型对应一个QoS流，另一部分编码类型对应另一个QoS流时，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧，I帧对应的QoS流为QFI1、P帧和B帧对应的QoS流为QFI2为例，对上述与编码类型关联的信息进行详细描述。
可以按照解码依赖度，将I帧对应的QFI1的传输优先级设置为高，将P帧和B帧对应的QFI2的传输优先级设置为低。这样，发送端网元在接收到媒体报文并进行编码类型识别后，可以将QFI1携带在编码类型为I帧的媒体报文中，将QFI2携带在编码类型为P帧或B帧的媒体报文中。以使接入网网元接收到媒体报文后，根据QFI1对应的传输优先级对携带有QFI1的媒体报文进行传输，根据QFI2对应的传输优先级对携带有QFI2的媒体报文进行传输。
例如，以接入网网元依次接收到携带有QFI2的媒体报文2、携带有QFI1的媒体报文1为例，接入网网元可以根据媒体报文对应的传输优先级对媒体报文进行传输，而不用根据媒体报文的接收顺序对媒体报文进行传输。由于QFI1的传输优先级为高，QFI2的传输优先级为低，接入网网元可以先传输媒体报文1，然后再传输媒体报文2。
需要说明的是，当接入网网元接收到多个携带有同一QoS流的标识的媒体报文时，如接入网网元依次接收到携带有QFI1的媒体报文11、携带有QFI1的媒体报文12、携带有QFI1的媒体报文13时，接入网网元可以按照媒体报文的接收顺序对媒体报文进行传输，即接入网网元按照接收顺序依次传输媒体报文11、媒体报文12、媒体报文13。
需要说明的是，发送端网元可以采用上述步骤303所示方法对媒体报文进行识别，得到媒体报文对应的编码类型。
(2)当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，与编码类型关联的信息可以为第三指示信息。
其中，第三指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型，并根据媒体报文的编码类型，确定第三指示信息。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧，I帧、P帧和B帧对应的QoS流均为QFI1为例，对上述与编码类型关联的信息进行详细描述。
当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型为I帧时，发送端网元生成用于指示编码类型为I帧的第三指示信息。同理，当媒体报文的编码类型为P帧时，发送端网元生成用于指示编码类型为P帧的第三指示信息；当媒体报文的编码类型为B帧时，发送端网元生成用于指示编码类型为B帧的第三指示信息。
进一步的，发送端网元将第三指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，以使接入网网元根据媒体报文的编码类型进行差异化传输，例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，根据解码依赖度，接入网网元可以优先对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行传输，其次是P帧，最后是B帧；或者接入网网元也可以优先对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行 传输，然后传输P帧与B帧，P帧与B帧对应的优先级可以相同等，不予限制。
可选的，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，第三指示信息位于媒体报文的通用分组无线服务通道协议用户面GTP-U层。当发送端网元为终端时，第三指示信息位于媒体报文的分组数据汇聚协议PDCP层。
(3)当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，与编码类型关联的信息可以为第二指示信息。
其中，第二指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型。
当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别，得到第二指示信息，并将第二指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧，I帧、P帧和B帧对应的QoS流均为QFI1为例，对上述与编码类型关联的信息进行详细描述。
当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别，得到第二指示信息为媒体报文的编码类型为I帧时，发送端网元将该第二指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，以使接入网网元根据媒体报文中的第二指示信息确定当前媒体报文的编码类型为I帧。同理，当发送端网元将用于指示媒体报文的编码类型为P帧的第二指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元时，接入网网元可以根据该第二指示信息确定当前媒体报文的编码类型为P帧；当发送端网元将用于指示媒体报文的编码类型为B帧的第二指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元时，接入网网元可以根据该第二指示信息确定当前媒体报文的编码类型为B帧。
进一步的，发送端网元将第二指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，以使接入网网元根据媒体报文的编码类型进行差异化传输，例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，根据解码依赖度，接入网网元可以优先对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行传输，其次是P帧，最后是B帧；或者接入网网元也可以优先对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行传输，然后传输P帧与B帧，P帧与B帧对应的优先级可以相同等，不予限制。
可选的，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，第二指示信息位于媒体报文的通用分组无线服务通道协议用户面GTP-U层。当发送端网元为终端时，第二指示信息位于媒体报文的分组数据汇聚协议PDCP层。
需要说明的是，应用服务器向发送端网元发送媒体报文之前，可以对媒体报文进行处理，如在媒体报文的应用层、传输层或网络层添加编码类型，以使发送端网元可以对接收到的媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型。其中，编码类型用于表示媒体报文的编码特征。
进一步的，发送端网元对接收到的媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别之后，可以根据识别结果对媒体报文进行差异化处理。
可选的，发送端网元可以根据识别结果根据不同的QoS参数对媒体报文进行差异化处理。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，发送端网元可以对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行高QoS参数的处理，对编码类型为P或B帧的媒体报文进行低QoS参数的处理。其中，QoS参数包括带宽、时延等。高QoS参数指的是高带宽、低时延；低QoS 参数指的是低带宽、高时延。此时，发送端网元需要从会话管理网元接收编码类型与QoS参数的对应关系。
(4)当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，与编码类型关联的信息可以为第四指示信息。
其中，第四指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级。
具体的，不同的编码类型可以对应不同的优先级；或者一部分编码类型对应一个优先级，另一部分编码类型对应另一个优先级。例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，可以设置I帧对应的优先级为高，P帧对应的优先级为中，B帧对应的优先级为低；也可以设置I帧对应的优先级为高，P帧和B帧对应的优先级为低等，不予限制。
可选的，当发送端网元为用户面网元时，用户面网元接收会话管理网元发送的编码类型以及编码类型对应的优先级。当发送端网元为终端时，终端通过移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的编码类型以及编码类型对应的优先级。
当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型，并根据编码类型确定第四指示信息；或者发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别，得到第二指示信息，并根据第二指示信息指示的编码类型确定第四指示信息。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧，I帧、P帧和B帧对应的QoS流均为QFI1，且I帧对应的优先级为高，P帧对应的优先级为中，B帧对应的优先级为低为例，对上述与编码类型关联的信息进行详细描述。
可选的，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型为I帧时，确定第四指示信息为高优先级。同理，当识别出的媒体报文的编码类型为P帧时，确定第四指示信息为中优先级；当识别出的媒体报文的编码类型为B帧时，确定第四指示信息为低优先级。
可选的，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别，得到第二指示信息为媒体报文的编码类型为I帧时，确定第四指示信息为高优先级；当发送端网元确定第二指示信息为为媒体报文的编码类型为P帧时，确定第四指示信息为中优先级；当发送端网元确定第二指示信息为为媒体报文的编码类型为B帧时，确定第四指示信息为低优先级。
进一步的，发送端网元将第四指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，以使接入网网元根据第四指示信息所指示的优先级对媒体报文进行差异化传输。
进一步的，发送端网元对接收到的媒体报文进行应用层、传输层或网络层识别之后，可以根据识别结果对媒体报文进行差异化处理。
可选的，发送端网元可以根据识别结果根据不同的QoS参数对媒体报文进行差异化处理。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，发送端网元可以对编码类型为I帧的媒体报文进行高QoS参数的处理，对编码类型为P或B帧的媒体报文进行低QoS参数的处理。其中，QoS参数包括带宽、时延等。高QoS参数指的是高带宽、低时延；低QoS参数指的是低带宽、高时延。此时，发送端网元需要从会话管理网元接收编码类型与QoS参数的对应关系。
进一步的，上述步骤304中，发送端网元还可以将第六指示信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元；其中，第六指示信息用于指示媒体报文对应的QoS参数，该QoS参数可以包括带宽、时延、丢包率、可靠性、误码率等QoS参数中的一种或多种，不予限制。
步骤305、接入网网元对媒体报文进行传输。
具体的，接入网网元可以将终端发送的媒体报文通过终端建立的PDU会话发送给该PDU会话对应的用户面网元，接入网网元也可以将用户面网元发送的媒体报文发送给终端。
可选的，当媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息为上述步骤304中的(1)时，接入网网元根据媒体报文中QoS流的标识对应的QoS流传输当前媒体报文。
可选的，当媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息为上述步骤304中的(2)或(3)时，接入网网元根据媒体报文中第二指示信息或第三指示信息指示的编码类型，确定编码类型对应的QoS参数，根据编码类型对应的QoS参数通过编码类型对应的QoS流对媒体报文进行传输。其中，QoS参数可以为时延、带宽等。
具体的，接入网网元可以接收会话管理网元通过移动性管理网元发送的编码类型、以及编码类型对应的优先级，根据编码类型对应的优先级，对接收到的媒体报文进行差异化传输。
可选的，当媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息为上述步骤304中的(4)时，接入网网元根据媒体报文中的优先级对媒体报文进行传输。
进一步的，当接入网网元接收到的媒体报文中包括第六指示信息时，接入网网元还可以根据第六指示信息对媒体报文进行处理。
示例性的，以接入网网元接收到用户面网元发送的包括第六指示信息的媒体报文为例，假设第六指示信息用于指示媒体报文对应的可靠性为高可靠性，则接入网网元可以通过终端与接入网网元之间的高可靠路径，传输该媒体报文，从而保证该媒体报文的高可靠性。
基于图3所示的方法，本申请实施例中，发送端网元可以对接收到的媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中，通过编码类型对应的QoS流发送给接入网网元。与现有技术中发送端按照媒体报文的到来顺序将媒体报文依次发送给接收端网元相比，本申请实施例中发送端网元可以对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元可以按照媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息对媒体报文进行差异化传输。例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，根据上述图3所示方法可知，接入网网元可以优先传输I帧，然后传输P帧，最后传输B帧，从而实现对媒体报文的差异化传输。且接收端网元在对媒体报文进行解码时，由于接入网网元优先传输I帧，然后传输P帧，最后传输B帧，当接收端网元在对P帧进行解码时，由于其依赖的I帧或P帧已经完成传输，接收端网元在接收到P帧后便可对P帧进行解码。接收端网元在对B帧进行解码时，由于其依赖的I帧或P帧已经完成传输，接收端网元在接收到B帧后便可对B帧进行解码。与现有技术中接收端网元在接收到P帧或B帧后，需等到其依赖的I帧或P帧传输完成才能实现解码相比，本申请实施例的方案可以缩短接收端网元的解码时间，从而缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
下面参照图4，对发送端网元获取媒体业务的编码类型与QoS流的对应关系进行详细描述。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法，该方法包括：
步骤401、会话管理网元向策略控制网元发送请求消息。相应的，策略控制网元接收请求消息。
其中，该请求消息可以用于请求获取媒体业务的策略信息，该请求消息可以包括会话标识。
一种可能的设计中，该请求消息可以为会话管理策略建立请求(SM policy establishment request)。例如，终端可以通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送PDU会话建立请求，请求为终端建立PDU会话，会话管理网元接收到该PDU会话建立请求后，向策略控制网元发送SM policy establishment request。
又一种可能的设计中，该请求消息可以为会话管理策略修改请求(SM policy modification request)。例如，终端可以通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送携带媒体业务的标识信息的PDU会话修改请求，请求通过终端建立的PDU会话传输该媒体业务的媒体报文，会话管理网元接收到该PDU会话修改请求后，向策略控制网元发送SM policy modification request。
步骤402、策略控制网元向会话管理网元发送策略信息。相应的，会话管理网元接收策略信息。
其中，策略信息可以为策略与计费控制规则(policy and charging control rule，PCC规则)。该策略信息包括媒体业务的标识信息，媒体业务的编码类型、编码类型对应的QoS参数。其中，媒体业务的标识信息用于表示媒体业务，具体可以是IP五元组，也可以是IP三元组，应用标识等。
一种可能的设计中，当请求消息为SM policy establishment request时，策略信息可以携带在会话管理策略建立响应(SM policy establishment response)。
又一种可能的设计中，当请求消息为SM policy modification request时，策略信息可以携带在会话管理策略修改响应(SM policy modification response)。
可选的，策略控制网元可以接收应用功能网元发送的媒体业务的编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS需求，根据编码类型对应的QoS需求，为编码类型确定对应的QoS参数。
可选的，策略控制网元可以接收应用功能网元发送的媒体业务的标识信息。
其中，不同的编码类型可以对应不同的需求；或者一部分编码类型可以对应一种QoS需求，另一部分编码类型可以对应另一种QoS需求；或者所有编码类型对应同一种QoS需求。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，I帧可以对应QoS需求1、P帧可以对应QoS需求2、B帧可以对应QoS需求3；或者I帧可以对应QoS需求1、P帧和B帧可以对应QoS需求2；或者I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS需求1。
示例性的，当I帧对应QoS需求1、P帧对应QoS需求2、B帧对应QoS需求3时，策略控制网元得到的编码类型对应的QoS参数可以为：I帧对应QoS参数1、P帧对应QoS参数2、B帧对应QoS参数3。
示例性的，当I帧对应QoS需求1、P帧和B帧对应QoS需求2时，策略控制网元得到的编码类型对应的QoS参数可以为：I帧对应QoS参数1、P帧和B帧对应QoS参数2。
示例性的，当I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS需求1时，策略控制网元得到的编码类型 对应的QoS参数可以为：I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS参数1。
可选的，策略控制网元预先配置有媒体业务的编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS参数。
进一步的，策略控制网元还可以接收应用功能网元发送的第五指示信息，并将第五指示信息发送给会话管理网元，其中，第五指示信息用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
可选的，第五指示信息包括媒体业务的标识信息，该标识信息用于指示媒体业务。
步骤403、会话管理根据策略信息包括的媒体业务的标识信息，媒体业务的编码类型、编码类型对应的QoS参数，确定编码类型对应的QoS流。
具体的，会话管理网元可以为编码类型创建新的QoS流，也可以对已有的QoS流进行修改，得到编码类型对应的QoS流，不予限制。也就是说，会话管理网元创建编码类型对应的QoS流，当不同编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，会话管理网元需要创建不同的QoS流。
例如，以编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧为例，当I帧对应QoS参数1、P帧对应QoS参数2、B帧对应QoS参数3时，会话管理网元可以为I帧确定QoS流1，为P帧确定QoS流2，为B帧确定QoS流3，即编码类型对应的QoS流可以为：I帧对应QoS流1、P帧对应QoS流2、B帧对应QoS流3。
同理，当I帧对应QoS参数1、P帧和B帧对应QoS参数2时，编码类型对应的QoS流可以为：I帧对应QoS流1、P帧和B帧对应QoS流2；当I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS参数1时，编码类型对应的QoS流可以为：I帧、P帧和B帧均对应QoS流1。
步骤404、会话管理网元向用户面网元发送编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。相应的，用户面网元接收编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
进一步的，会话管理网元接收策略控制网元发送的第五指示信息，根据第五指示信息向用户面网元发送第一指示信息，其中，第一指示信息用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码层识别。
进一步的，会话管理网元还可以根据编码类型确定编码类型对应的优先级，并将编码类型对应的优先级发送给用户面网元。此时，会话管理网元向用户面网元发送编码对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS流的标识。
其中，会话管理网元可以根据编码类型之间的解码依赖度，确定编码类型对应的优先级。
一种可能的设计中，会话管理网元向用户面网元发送N4配置信息，相应的，用户面网元接收N4配置信息。
其中，N4配置信息可以为N4会话建立(session establishment)请求消息或者N4会话修改(session modification)消息。N4配置信息可以包括编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系，还可以包括一些现有信息，如媒体业务对应的处理策略、分组检测规则(packet detection rule，PDR)以及PDR关联的转发动作规则(forwarding action rule，FAR)、服务质量流(QoS流，QF)映射规则等其他信息，不予限制，这些信息的相关描述可参照现有技术，不予赘述。
步骤405、会话管理网元向移动性管理网元发送编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS 流的标识。相应的，移动性管理网元接收编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
进一步的，会话管理网元接收策略控制网元发送的第五指示信息，根据第五指示信息向移动性管理网元发送第一指示信息，其中，第一指示信息用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码层识别。
进一步的，会话管理网元还可以根据编码类型确定编码类型对应的优先级，并将编码类型对应的优先级发送给移动性管理网元。此时，会话管理网元向移动性管理网元发送编码对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS流的标识。
其中，会话管理网元可以根据编码类型之间的解码依赖度，确定编码类型对应的优先级。
需要说明的是，上述步骤404与步骤405的执行没有先后顺序，可以同时执行步骤404和步骤405，也可以先执行步骤404，再执行步骤405，或者先执行步骤405，再执行步骤404等，不予限制。
步骤406、移动性管理网元将编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识发送给接入网网元。相应的，接入网网元接收编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的编码类型对应的优先级，将编码类型对应的优先级发送给接入网网元。
可选的，移动性管理网元接收会话管理网元发送的第一指示信息，将第一指示信息发送给接入网网元。
步骤407a、接入网网元将编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识发送给终端。相应的，终端接收编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，接入网网元将第一指示信息发送给终端。
可选的，接入网网元将编码类型对应的优先级发送给终端。
可替换的，上述步骤407a也可以替换成下述步骤407b。
步骤407b、移动性管理网元将编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识发送给终端。相应的，终端接收编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，移动性管理网元将第一指示信息发送给终端。
可选的，移动性管理网元将编码类型对应的优先级发送给终端。
步骤408a、用户面网元接收媒体报文，并对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，得到与编码类型关联的信息。
具体的，用户面网元可以根据上述步骤303中的方式对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并根据上述步骤304将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中。
步骤409a、用户面网元将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元。相应的，接入网网元接收媒体报文。
步骤410a、接入网网元根据媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息，将媒体报文发送给终端。相应的，终端接收到媒体报文。
具体的，接入网网元在接收到媒体报文时，可以根据上述步骤305所述方法将媒体报文发送给终端。
步骤408b、终端接收媒体报文，并对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，得到与编码类型关联的信息。
具体的，终端可以根据上述步骤303中的方式对媒体报文进行编码类型识别，并根据上述步骤304将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中。
步骤409b、终端将与编码类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元。相应的，接入网网元接收媒体报文。
步骤410b、接入网网元根据媒体报文中与编码类型关联的信息，将媒体报文发送给用户面网元。相应的，用户面网元接收到媒体报文。
具体的，接入网网元在接收到媒体报文时，可以根据上述步骤305所述方法将媒体报文发送给用户面网元。
进一步的，用户面网元可以将接入网网元发送的媒体报文发送给应用服务器。
需要说明的是，上述图4所示方法可以发生在终端建立PDU会话之后，即在终端建立完PDU会话之后，执行上述步骤401-步骤410a，或执行上述步骤401-步骤410b。上述图4所示方法也可以发生在终端建立PDU会话过程中，如图5所示，图5为本申请实施例提供的一种媒体报文的传输方法的流程图，该方法包括：
步骤501、终端通过接入网网元向移动性管理网元发送会话建立请求。响应的，移动性管理网元接收会话建立请求。
其中，会话建立请求用于请求建立终端对应的PDU会话。
可选的，终端还通过接入网网元向移动性管理网元发送会话标识，其中，会话标识用于标识会话。
可选的，会话建立请求和会话标识携带在非接入层消息(non access stratum message，NAS message)中发送给移动性管理网元。
步骤502、移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送创建会话上下文请求消息。相应的，会话管理网元接收创建会话上下文请求消息。
其中，创建会话上下文请求消息可以包括终端标识、会话标识和会话建立请求。
步骤503、会话管理网元向策略控制网元发送策略创建请求。相应的，策略控制网元接收策略创建请求。
其中，策略创建请求可以包括终端标识和会话标识。
步骤504、策略控制网元向会话管理网元发送策略创建请求响应。相应的，会话管理网元接收策略创建请求响应。
其中，策略创建请求响应中包括媒体业务的标识信息，媒体业务的编码类型、编码类型对应的QoS参数。其中，QoS参数可以为带宽、时延等。
可选的，策略创建请求响应包括编码类型对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS参数。
可选的，策略创建请求响应中还包括上述步骤401所示的第五指示信息。
步骤505、会话管理网元向用户面网元发送N4会话建立请求。相应的，用户面网元接收N4会话建立请求。
其中，N4会话建立请求包括编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，N4会话建立请求还包括第一指示信息。
可选的，N4会话建立请求还包括编码类型对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS流的标识。
步骤506、用户面网元向会话管理网元发送N4会话建立请求响应。相应的，会话管理 网元接收N4会话建立请求响应。
其中，N4会话建立请求响应包括用户面网元隧道信息。
步骤507、会话管理网元向移动性管理网元发送N1N2信息传送消息。相应的，移动性管理网元接收N1N2信息传送消息。
其中，N1N2信息传送消息包括会话标识、用户面网元隧道信息和会话建立接受信息；会话建立接受信息用于指示接受终端发送的会话建立请求。
可选的，N1N2信息传送消息还包括编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，N1N2信息传送消息还包括第一指示信息。
可选的，N1N2信息传送消息还包括编码类型对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS流的标识。
步骤508、移动性管理网元向接入网网元发送N2会话请求。相应的，接入网网元接收N2会话请求。
其中，N2会话请求包括会话标识、用户面网元隧道信息和会话建立接受信息。
可选的，N2会话请求还包括编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
可选的，N2会话请求还包括第一指示信息。
可选的，N2会话请求还包括编码类型对应的优先级、优先级对应的QoS流的标识。
步骤509、接入网网元向终端发送无线连接建立请求。相应的，终端接收无线连接建立请求。
其中，无线连接建立请求包括会话建立接受信息、编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。可选的，编码类型、以及编码类型对应的QoS流的标识可以包含在会话建立接受消息中。
可选的，无线连接建立请求还包括第一指示信息和/或编码类型对应的优先级。或者，可选的，会话建立接受消息包括第一指示信息和/或编码类型对应的优先级。
步骤510、接入网网元通过移动性管理网元向会话管理网元发送接入网网元隧道信息。相应的，会话管理网元接收接入网网元隧道信息。
步骤511、会话管理网元向用户面网元发送N4会话修改请求。相应的，用户面网元接收N4会话修改请求。
其中，N4会话修改请求包括接入网网元隧道信息。
会话管理网元通过将接入网网元隧道信息发送给用户面网元，将用户面网元隧道信息发送给接入网网元，便于接入网网元与用户面网元建立连接，完成PDU会话建立流程。
可替换的，上述图3、图4和图5中的编码类型还替换成业务类型。
其中，业务类型可以指媒体业务的业务类型。例如，媒体业务的业务类型可以包括游戏业务类型、动漫业务类型等，不予限制。
本申请实施例中，发送端网元可以采用与上述步骤301类似的方式获取业务类型与QoS流之间的对应关系，当发送端网元接收到媒体业务的媒体报文时，发送端网元可以采用与上述步骤303类似的方式识别出媒体报文的业务类型，并采用与上述步骤304类似的方式，根据业务类型与QoS流的对应关系，通过媒体报文的业务类型对应的QoS流，向接入网网元发送携带有与媒体报文的业务类型关联的信息的媒体报文，接入网网元可以采用与上述步骤305类似的方式对接收到的媒体报文进行传输。
本申请实施例中，发送端网元可以对接收到的媒体报文进行业务类型识别，并将与业务类型关联的信息携带在媒体报文中发送给接入网网元，使得接入网网元可以按照媒体报文中与业务类型关联的信息对媒体报文进行差异化传输。例如，以媒体业务的业务类型包括游戏业务类型和动漫业务类型为例，可以根据业务类型对应的QoS需求对媒体报文进行差异化传输，以优先传输游戏业务类型的媒体报文，再传输动漫业务类型的媒体报文为例，接入网网元可以根据媒体报文中与业务类型关联的信息，优先传输业务类型为游戏业务类型的媒体报文，然后传输业务类型为动漫业务类型的媒体报文，从而实现对媒体报文的差异化传输，缩短用户播放媒体报文时等待缓冲的时间，提高用户体验。
上述主要从设备之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个设备为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对各个网元进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图6示出了一种通信装置，通信装置60可以为发送端网元或者发送端网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置60可以用于执行上述实施例中涉及的发送端网元的功能。图6所示通信装置60包括：接收模块601，处理模块602，发送模块603。
接收模块601，用于获取编码类型与QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，QoS流用于传输编码类型为QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文。
接收模块601，还用于接收媒体业务的媒体报文。
处理模块，用于识别媒体报文的编码类型。
发送模块603，用于根据对应关系，通过媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送携带有与编码类型关联的信息媒体报文。
其中，该通信装置60的具体实现方式可参考图3-图5所述媒体报文的传输方法中发送端网元的行为功能。
一种可能的设计中，接收模块601，还用于接收用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息；处理模块，还用于根据第一指示信息，识别媒体报文的编码类型。
一种可能的设计中，编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧；和/或编码类型包括基本层或增强层。
一种可能的设计中，处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到媒体报文的编码类型；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行应用层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的 编码类型的第二指示信息；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行传输层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息；或者处理模块，还用于对媒体报文进行网络层识别，得到用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第二指示信息。
一种可能的设计中，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括编码类型对应的QoS流的标识；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息指示的编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
一种可能的设计中，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型的第三指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括第二指示信息。
一种可能的设计中，第三指示信息位于媒体报文的GTP-U层或PDCP层。
一种可能的设计中，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，当发送端网元对媒体报文进行编码层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级的第四指示信息；或者当发送端网元对媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与编码类型关联的信息包括与第二指示信息关联的第四指示信息；其中，第四指示信息用于指示媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级。
一种可能的设计中，接收模块601，还用于接收编码类型对应的优先级；处理模块，还用于根据媒体报文的编码类型，确定第四指示信息。
作为又一种可实现方式，图6中的接收模块601、发送模块603可以由收发器代替，该收发器可以集成接收模块601、发送模块603的功能，处理模块602可以由处理器代替，该处理器可以集成处理模块602的功能。进一步的，图6所示通信装置60还可以包括存储器。当接收模块601、发送模块603由收发器代替，处理模块602由处理器代替时，本申请实施例所涉及的通信装置60可以为图2所示通信装置。
在采用对应各个功能划分各个功能模块的情况下，图7示出了一种通信装置，通信装置70可以为会话管理网元或者会话管理网元中的芯片或者片上系统。该通信装置70可以用于执行上述实施例中涉及的会话管理网元的功能。图7所示通信装置70包括：接收模块701，发送模块702。
接收模块701，用于接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数。
发送模块702，用于根据编码类型和编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型、编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，QoS流的标识用于标识QoS流，QoS流用于对媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。
其中，该通信装置70的具体实现方式可参考图3-图5所述媒体报文的传输方法中会话管理网元的行为功能。
一种可能的设计中，发送模块702，还用于向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送用于指示对媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别的第一指示信息。
一种可能的设计中，发送模块702，还用于向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送编码类型对应的优先级。
作为又一种可实现方式，图7中的接收模块701、发送模块702可以由收发器代替，该收发器可以集成接收模块701、发送模块702的功能。进一步的，图7所示通信装置70还可以包括存储器。当接收模块701、发送模块702由收发器代替时，本申请实施例所涉及的通信装置70可以为图2所示通信装置。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。上述方法实施例中的全部或者部分流程可以由计算机程序来指令相关的硬件完成，该程序可存储于上述计算机可读存储介质中，该程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法实施例的流程。计算机可读存储介质可以是前述任一实施例的终端(包括数据发送端和/或数据接收端)的内部存储单元，例如终端的硬盘或内存。上述计算机可读存储介质也可以是上述终端的外部存储设备，例如上述终端上配备的插接式硬盘，智能存储卡(smart media card,SMC)，安全数字(secure digital,SD)卡，闪存卡(flash card)等。进一步地，上述计算机可读存储介质还可以既包括上述终端的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。上述计算机可读存储介质用于存储上述计算机程序以及上述终端所需的其他程序和数据。上述计算机可读存储介质还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。
需要说明的是，本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上，“至少两个(项)”是指两个或三个及三个以上，“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成，即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块或单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个装置，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是一个物理单元或多个物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个 不同地方。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一个设备(可以是单片机，芯片等)或处理器(processor)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种媒体报文的传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    发送端网元获取编码类型与服务质量QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，所述发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，所述QoS流用于传输编码类型为所述QoS流对应的编码类型的媒体报文；
    所述发送端网元接收媒体业务的媒体报文；
    所述发送端网元识别所述媒体报文的编码类型；
    所述发送端网元根据所述对应关系，通过所述媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送所述媒体报文；其中，所述媒体报文携带与所述编码类型关联的信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送端网元识别所述媒体报文的编码类型，包括：
    所述发送端网元接收第一指示信息；其中，所述第一指示信息用于指示对所述媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别；
    所述发送端网元根据所述第一指示信息，识别所述媒体报文的编码类型。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述编码类型包括I帧、P帧或B帧；和/或
    所述编码类型包括基本层或增强层；和/或
    所述编码类型包括前景流或背景流；和/或
    所述编码类型包括P帧、G帧或altref帧。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送端网元识别所述媒体报文的编码类型，包括：
    所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行编码层识别，得到所述媒体报文的编码类型；或者
    所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行应用层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型；或者
    所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行传输层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型；或者
    所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行网络层识别，得到第二指示信息；其中，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，当不同的编码类型对应不同的QoS流时，所述方法包括：
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行编码层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括所述编码类型对应的QoS流的标识；或者
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括所述第二指示信息指示的编码类型对应的QoS流的标识。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，所述方法包括：
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行编码层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括 第三指示信息；其中，所述第三指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型；或者
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括所述第二指示信息。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，
    所述第三指示信息位于所述媒体报文的通用分组无线服务通道协议用户面GTP-U层或分组数据汇聚协议PDCP层。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，当不同的编码类型对应相同的QoS流时，所述方法包括：
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行编码层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括第四指示信息；其中，所述第四指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级；或者
    当所述发送端网元对所述媒体报文进行应用层/传输层/网络层识别，与所述编码类型关联的信息包括与所述第二指示信息关联的第四指示信息；其中，所述第四指示信息用于指示所述媒体报文的编码类型对应的优先级。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    所述发送端网元接收所述编码类型对应的优先级；
    所述发送端网元根据所述媒体报文的编码类型，确定所述第四指示信息。
  10. 一种媒体报文的传输方法，其特征在于，包括：
    会话管理网元接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、所述编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数；
    所述会话管理网元根据所述编码类型和所述编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送所述编码类型、所述编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，所述QoS流的标识用于标识所述QoS流，所述QoS流用于对媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述会话管理网元向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送第一指示信息；其中，所述第一指示信息用于指示对所述媒体业务的媒体报文进行编码类型识别。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述会话管理网元向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送所述编码类型对应的优先级。
  13. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括一个或多个处理器、收发器；所述一个或多个处理器、所述收发器支持所述通信装置执行如权利要求1-9任一项所述的媒体报文的传输方法，或者执行如权利要求10-12任一项所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
  14. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机指令或程序，当计算机指令或程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如权利要求1-9任一项所述的媒体报文的传输方法，或者执行如权利要求10-12任一项所述的媒体报文的传输方法。
  15. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括：发送端网元和会话管理网元；
    所述发送端网元，用于获取编码类型与服务质量QoS流之间的对应关系；其中，所述发送端网元为用户面网元或终端，所述QoS流用于传输编码类型为所述QoS流对应的编 码类型的媒体报文；所述发送端网元，还用于接收媒体业务的媒体报文，并识别所述媒体报文的编码类型，根据所述对应关系，通过所述媒体报文的编码类型对应的QoS流向接入网网元发送所述媒体报文；其中，所述媒体报文携带与所述编码类型关联的信息；
    所述会话管理网元，用于接收来自策略控制网元的编码类型、所述编码类型对应的服务质量QoS参数；根据所述编码类型和所述编码类型对应的QoS参数，向移动性管理网元和/或用户面网元发送所述编码类型、所述编码类型对应的服务质量QoS流的标识；其中，所述QoS流的标识用于标识所述QoS流，所述QoS流用于对所述媒体业务的媒体报文进行传输。
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