WO2021212305A1 - 一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021212305A1
WO2021212305A1 PCT/CN2020/085829 CN2020085829W WO2021212305A1 WO 2021212305 A1 WO2021212305 A1 WO 2021212305A1 CN 2020085829 W CN2020085829 W CN 2020085829W WO 2021212305 A1 WO2021212305 A1 WO 2021212305A1
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Prior art keywords
sound
magnetic shielding
magnetic
shielding structure
electronic device
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PCT/CN2020/085829
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢海斌
吴玉中
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海能达通信股份有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/085829 priority Critical patent/WO2021212305A1/zh
Publication of WO2021212305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212305A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/02—Constructional features of telephone sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electromagnetic technology, in particular to a magnetic shielding structure and electronic equipment.
  • the magnetic shielding structure is added to the back and the sounding side of the horn to achieve the problem of magnetic shielding.
  • the magnetic shielding structure in the prior art is not conducive to the development of light and thin electronic equipment as a whole.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic shielding structure and an electronic device to solve the problem that the magnetic shielding structure is added to the electronic device in the prior art, which is not conducive to the lightness and thinness of the electronic device.
  • a magnetic shielding structure is applied to an electronic device with an electromagnetic conversion type horn, and the magnetic shielding structure is located on the sound side of the electromagnetic conversion type horn, and the magnetic shielding structure includes:
  • a base the base being a structure located on the sound-emitting side of the electromagnetic conversion horn in the electronic device;
  • the base body includes at least one of a face shell, a face cover, and a key assembly.
  • the key assembly includes: keys and a key circuit board, and a waterproof layer between the keys and the key circuit board, and the keys are arranged corresponding to the numeric character input key area on the key circuit board .
  • the base body is the key
  • the material of the key is a silicone material or a plastic material.
  • the soft magnetic powder is tinplate powder.
  • the content of the tinplate powder is 10%.
  • the face shell is provided with a plurality of first sound holes
  • the button circuit board is provided with a plurality of second sound holes
  • the face cover is provided with a plurality of third sound holes.
  • the first sound outlet holes and the second sound outlet holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of third sound outlet holes are all arranged in a staggered manner with the plurality of first sound outlet holes;
  • the substrate is The face cover, and at least one of the face shell and the key circuit board.
  • the first sound outlet holes and the third sound outlet holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of second sound outlet holes are all arranged in a staggered manner with the plurality of first sound outlet holes;
  • the substrate is The key circuit board, and at least one of the face shell and the face cover.
  • the second sound outlet holes and the third sound outlet holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, and a plurality of the first sound outlet holes are all arranged in a staggered manner with a plurality of the second sound outlet holes;
  • the substrate is The face shell, and at least one of the face cover and the key circuit board.
  • the plurality of first sound outlet holes, the plurality of second sound outlet holes and the plurality of third sound outlet holes are all arranged in a staggered manner.
  • the base body is at least two of the face shell, the key circuit board, and the face cover.
  • the substrate is a waterproof layer
  • the button circuit board is a button PCB board or a button FPC board.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic device, including:
  • the magnetic shielding structure is located on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn, and is used to realize magnetic shielding.
  • the electronic device is a walkie-talkie or a mobile phone
  • the magnetic shielding structure is a silica gel button of the walkie-talkie or the mobile phone.
  • the electronic device is a sound box; the magnetic shielding structure is a shell of the sound box.
  • the magnetic shielding structure provided by the present invention includes a base and soft magnetic powder uniformly distributed inside the base, wherein the base is the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn in the electronic device. Structure, that is, by adding soft magnetic powder to the base of the structure on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn, the structure on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn has a magnetic shielding effect, so there is no need to add on the back or the sound side of the horn.
  • the magnetic shielding structure is provided, and the magnetic shielding structure provided by the present invention is more favorable to the development trend of lightness and thinness of the whole machine.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic shield structure of a horn provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the structure shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field when the magnetic shield is not provided
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field after the magnetic shield is set
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic shield structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a button part of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a physical diagram of a magnetic shielding structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a physical diagram of a magnetic shield structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic shielding structure in the prior art is not conducive to the development of lighter and thinner electronic devices.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic shield structure of a horn provided in the prior art;
  • the loudspeaker has an impact. Therefore, a magnetic shielding cover 12 is usually arranged on the sound radiating surface side of the loudspeaker body 11, and the magnetic shielding cover 12 is provided with a number of sound-permeable holes 120;
  • the magnetic shielding cover 12 is made of ferromagnetic material, and the magnetic shielding cover 12 It is used to guide at least part of the magnetic flux on the side of the sound radiation surface of the horn body 11 to the internal magnetic field of the horn body 11 without exceeding the magnetic shielding cover 12; wherein, the magnetic induction intensity on the magnetic shielding cover 12 away from the sound-permeable hole 120 is greater than
  • the magnetic induction intensity on the magnetic shield 12 near the sound-permeable hole 120 restricts iron filings or magnetic materials from entering the speaker assembly from the sound-permeable hole 120.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the structure shown in Figure 1;
  • the horn assembly of the electronic device includes a horn and a magnetic shield 12 located on the sound radiation surface of the horn, wherein the horn includes a magnet 111 and a pole piece 112 ,
  • the voice coil 113 and the diaphragm 114, and the magnetic shielding cover 12 is encapsulated with the bracket 14 by the gasket 13 so that the horn is packaged inside the magnetic shielding cover 12, so that the magnetic shielding cover 12 magnetically shields the horn.
  • the material of the magnetic shield 12 is ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic material is much higher than that of air. Therefore, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic shield 12 is much smaller than that of air.
  • the magnetic flux on the side of the sound radiation surface of 11 will turn when passing through the magnetic shield 12 and return to the internal magnetic field of the speaker body 11 through the magnetic shield 12 to form a complete magnetic circuit.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of magnetic field simulation when the magnetic shield is not set
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of magnetic field simulation after the magnetic shield is set
  • the distribution of the magnetic field on the sound radiating surface side of the horn body 11 shows that when the magnetic shield 12 is not provided, the magnetic flux on the sound radiating surface side of the horn body 11 is guided back to the internal magnetic field of the horn body 11 through the air.
  • the magnetic shield 12 After the magnetic shield 12 conducts magnetism in the magnetic field, the direction of the magnetic field is changed, so that one side of the sound radiation surface of the horn assembly is almost non-magnetic, similar to a magnet (for example, the magnetic ends of a strip magnet are strong, and the other two sides are close to 0) ,
  • the simulation result shows that there is only a small amount of magnetic flux at both ends, so the magnetic shield 12 can play a role in shielding the magnetic field, so that the outside of the magnetic shield 12 of the horn assembly does not have magnetic force, preventing iron filings or magnetic conductive materials from being attracted On the speaker assembly.
  • the presence of the magnetic shield 12 can shield iron filings from entering the inside of the horn and avoid affecting the horn, it can be seen from the cross-sectional structure of FIG.
  • other additional parts such as brackets or washers, are needed to fix the new parts.
  • the speaker is usually an internal part of an electronic device, such as a walkie-talkie and a key mobile phone, which causes the weight and thickness of the electronic device to increase, which is not conducive to the development of light and thin electronic devices.
  • the present invention provides a magnetic shielding structure, which is applied to electronic equipment with an electromagnetic conversion type horn, and the magnetic shielding structure is located on the sound side of the electromagnetic conversion type horn, and the magnetic shielding structure includes:
  • a base the base being a structure located on the sound-emitting side of the electromagnetic conversion horn in the electronic device;
  • the magnetic shielding structure provided by the present invention includes a base and soft magnetic powder uniformly distributed inside the base to serve as a magnetic shield.
  • the base may be a structure located on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn in an electronic device, such as For the shells, keys, circuit boards, etc. of electronic equipment, since the soft magnetic powder is directly arranged in the base, the base is originally a layer structure of the electronic equipment. Therefore, there is no need to add a magnetic shielding structure on the back of the horn or on the sounding side.
  • the magnetic shielding structure provided by the invention is more beneficial to the development trend of lightness and thinness of the whole machine.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic shielding structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the magnetic shielding structure 2 includes: a base 21 and soft magnetic powder 22 uniformly distributed inside the base 21, wherein the base 21 is A structure located on the sounding side of an electromagnetic conversion horn in an electronic device.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic diagram of an electronic device with an electromagnetic conversion horn provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device usually includes an upper shell and a lower shell connected to each other, and a main PCB board, a speaker and a key assembly located between the upper shell and the lower shell and used to complete the communication function of the electronic device.
  • the main PCB board is arranged on the lower shell.
  • the upper shell includes a face shell 500 and a face cover 200.
  • the button assembly is arranged between the face shell 500 and the face cover 200.
  • the button assembly includes buttons 301 and a button circuit board 302.
  • the button circuit board 302 may be a PCB board or an FPC board.
  • the electromagnetic conversion type speaker 600 is arranged under the face shell 500, and the face shell 500 is provided with a connecting hole 501, and the key assembly is connected to the main PCB board through a flexible circuit board 303 passing through the face shell connecting hole 501.
  • the face cover 200, the key assembly and the face shell 500 are provided with sound outlets 201 connected to the front cavity of the speaker. The sound outlets are distinguished according to the different layers where they are located. Sound holes, the button circuit board is provided with a plurality of second sound holes, and the face cover is provided with a plurality of third sound holes.
  • the key 301 includes a function selection key area 311 and a numeric character input key area 312, and the function selection key area 311 and a numeric character input key area 312 are correspondingly provided on the face cover.
  • the sound hole 201 on the face cover 200 is arranged between the function selection key area 311 and the numeric character input key area 312.
  • a waterproof layer is provided between the button 301 and the button circuit board 302, and the buttons 301, the button circuit board 302 and the waterproof layer are all sealed with an adhesive.
  • the waterproof layer may specifically include an adhesive film 402 and a mesh 401, where the adhesive film 402 is attached to the button circuit board 302, and the mesh 401 is arranged between the adhesive film 402 and the remaining buttons 301, and the adhesive film 402 starts.
  • the mesh cloth 401 can cut off the dust from the outside while ensuring the sound conduction, and at the same time, it can also play a basic waterproof role.
  • the structure on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion type horn can be a face shell, a face cover, a button assembly, etc. Therefore, the base in this embodiment may be at least one of a face shell, a face cover, and a button assembly. . That is to say, the magnetic shielding structure in this embodiment may be at least one of a face shell, a face cover, and a key assembly, or may be a waterproof layer, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the base may be a button 301, and the material of the button is preferably a silicone material or a plastic material.
  • the button 301 has a magnetic shielding effect.
  • the soft magnetic powder is not limited, and the material of the soft magnetic powder 22 may be tinplate powder.
  • tinplate powder has a better magnetic shielding effect when applied to silica gel materials than plastic materials.
  • tinplate powder and silica gel are combined to form the magnetic shielding structure.
  • the content of tinplate powder in the silica gel material is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the higher the content of tinplate powder the better the magnetic shielding effect on iron filings and other materials, but the addition of tinplate powder has an impact on the original characteristics of the base material, such as the adhesiveness of silica gel.
  • the inventor’s experiment proved that, When the tinplate powder content is about 10%, the magnetic shielding effect is better, and the influence on the base material such as silica gel is small. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the tinplate powder content in the base material is 10%.
  • the content described in this embodiment is a mass percentage.
  • the magnetic shielding structure in this embodiment has a wide range of applications and can replace any housing device with silicone or plastic materials. It should be noted that the most extensive application scenario mainly refers to the sound mechanism that includes an electromagnetic conversion horn. To avoid blocking sound from radiating outward, the magnetic shielding structure in this embodiment is also provided with a through hole penetrating the magnetic shielding structure. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, Figure 8 is a physical view of a magnetic shielding structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 is a physical view of a magnetic shielding structure of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention picture.
  • the magnetic shield structure in FIG. 6 is provided with a through hole K1, wherein the shape of the through hole K1 is irregular.
  • L1 in FIG. 6 represents the size of the through hole K1. .
  • the inventor conducted a comparative test between the tinplate powder-added silica gel buttons shown in Figure 6 and the existing mass-produced ordinary silica gel buttons without tinplate powder added, and found that: the tinplate powder silica gel buttons adsorbed relatively less iron filings ; And the direction is relatively neat, indicating that the tinplate powder has a magnetic effect.
  • the inventor also obtained through the comparative test of the through hole K1 with the size L1 in FIG. 8 and the through hole K2 with the size L2 in FIG.
  • the anti-iron filing effect of the magnetic shielding structure is relatively less obvious than that of the silicone key shell in the prior art.
  • the iron filings adsorbed by the silica gel keys doped with tinplate powder as shown in Figure 6 are significantly reduced, and the direction is more orderly and consistent. It is concluded that reducing the size of the through hole on the silicone key shell is more conducive to reducing the magnetism of the front of the speaker and attracting less iron filings.
  • the magnetic shielding structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention can not only change the direction of the magnetic field, but also achieve the magnetic field shielding effect. Therefore, It can be applied to the housing of a variety of electronic equipment, and is compatible with the housing of the electronic equipment, thereby avoiding additional parts, magnetic shielding of the electronic equipment, and avoiding obstruction to the thinning of the electronic equipment.
  • the soft magnetic powder can be directly added to the base material, the increase in cost can be ignored, and the function of greatly reducing the leakage of magnetism is realized, and the whole machine can be light, thin, small, and low in cost.
  • the position of the sound hole in each layer of the structure can also be set to avoid the phenomenon of magnetic leakage at the sound hole.
  • the face shell 500 is provided with a plurality of first sound holes (shown as 502 and 201 on the face shell 500 in FIG. 6), and the button circuit board is provided with a plurality of first sound holes.
  • the second sound hole (shown as 201 on the button circuit board 302 in FIG. 6)
  • the face cover 200 is provided with a plurality of third sound holes (shown as 201 on the face cover 200 in FIG. 6) .
  • the positions of the first sound outlet, the second sound outlet, and the third sound outlet basically correspond to each other, so as to facilitate the horn to emit sound.
  • the inventor found that the positions of the first sound hole, the second sound hole, and the third sound hole basically correspond, and the position of the sound hole is not blocked by a magnetic shielding structure, and magnetic leakage is prone to occur. Based on this technical problem, the present invention The following solutions are also provided to solve the above technical problems.
  • the positions of the plurality of first sound holes and the plurality of second sound holes are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence, but the positions of the plurality of third sound holes are arranged in a staggered manner with the plurality of first sound holes;
  • the face cover where the hole is located is doped with a soft magnetic structure, so that the face cover forms a magnetic shielding structure, that is, the substrate is at least one of the face cover, the face shell and the key circuit board, so that both layers are set as a magnetic shielding structure ,
  • the positions of the sound holes of the two layers of magnetic shielding structure are misaligned with each other to avoid magnetic leakage at the position of the sound holes.
  • the plurality of first sound outlet holes and the plurality of third sound outlet holes are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of second sound outlet holes are all misaligned with the plurality of first sound outlet holes.
  • the substrate is a button circuit board, and at least one of the face shell and the face cover.
  • a plurality of second sound outlet holes and a plurality of third sound outlet holes may be arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and the plurality of first sound outlet holes are all arranged in a staggered manner with the plurality of second sound outlet holes;
  • the base is a shell, And at least one of the face cover and the button circuit board.
  • the plurality of first sound holes, the plurality of second sound holes, and the plurality of third sound holes may be arranged in a staggered manner, and then, the base body is a face shell, a button circuit board, and a face cover.
  • the base body is a face shell, a button circuit board, and a face cover.
  • embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device that includes the magnetic shielding structure and electromagnetic conversion type speaker described in the above embodiments.
  • the electronic device may include traditional speakers, earphones, Mobile phones, walkie-talkies, navigators and other equipment that use electromagnetic conversion horn sound devices.
  • the magnetic shielding structure is arranged on the sounding side of the electromagnetic conversion horn.
  • the magnetic shielding structure is the silica gel button of the walkie-talkie or mobile phone.
  • the shell where the silica gel button is located can also be a structure with soft magnetic powder added.
  • the magnetic shielding structure may be the entire shell of the sound box, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the electronic device provided by the present invention includes the magnetic shielding structure described in the above embodiment. Because the soft magnetic powder is directly arranged in the housing of the electronic device, it is compatible with the structure of the existing electronic device, so there is no need to be on the back of the speaker or on the sounding side. An additional magnetic shielding structure is added, which is more beneficial to the development trend of light and thin electronic equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备，其中，所述磁屏蔽结构（2）包括：基体（21）和均匀分布在基体（21）内部的软磁体粉末（22），起到磁屏蔽的作用，其中，基体（21）为所述电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构，基体（21）可以是电子设备的外壳、按键（301）、电路板（302）等位于电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构，由于软磁体粉末（22）直接设置在基体（21）中，所述基体（21）本就是电子设备的一层结构，因此，无需在喇叭的背面或发声侧增加设置磁屏蔽结构，上述磁屏蔽结构对整机的轻薄化发展趋势更有利。

Description

一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备 技术领域
本发明涉及电磁技术领域，尤其涉及一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备。
背景技术
传统的音箱、带按键的手机、对讲机等用到电磁转换式喇叭发生的装置(以下简称发声机构)，由于喇叭带有磁性，在铁屑较多的环境中，如钢铁厂中，长期使用后，喇叭所在的位置通常会吸附大量铁屑，对喇叭信号造成干扰。
对于此种情况，现有技术中通过对喇叭的背面和发声侧增加设置磁屏蔽结构，从而实现磁屏蔽问题，但是，现有技术中的磁屏蔽结构不利于整个电子设备的轻薄化发展。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种磁屏蔽结构及电子设备，以解决现有技术中电子设备上增设磁屏蔽结构后，不利于电子设备轻薄化的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种磁屏蔽结构，应用于具有电磁转换式喇叭的电子设备，且所述磁屏蔽结构位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧，所述磁屏蔽结构包括：
基体，所述基体为所述电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构；
均匀分布在所述基体内部的软磁体粉末。
优选地，所述基体包括：面壳、面盖、按键组件中的至少一种。
优选地，所述按键组件包括：按键和按键电路板，以及位于所述按键和所述按键电路板之间的防水层，所述按键与所述按键电路板上的数字字符输入按键区对应设置。
优选地，所述基体为所述按键，且所述按键的材料为硅胶材料或塑胶材料。
优选地，所述软磁体粉末为马口铁粉末。
优选地，所述马口铁粉末的含量为10％。
优选地，所述面壳上设置有多个第一出声孔，所述按键电路板上设置有多个第二出声孔，所述面盖上设置有多个第三出声孔。
优选地，所述第一出声孔和所述第二出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第三出声孔均与多个所述第一出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述面盖、以及所述面壳和所述按键电路板中的至少一个。
优选地，所述第一出声孔和所述第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第二出声孔均与多个所述第一出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述按键电路板、以及所述面壳和所述面盖中的至少一个。
优选地，所述第二出声孔和所述第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第一出声孔均与多个所述第二出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述面壳、以及所述面盖和所述按键电路板中的至少一个。
优选地，多个所述第一出声孔、多个所述第二出声孔和多个所述第三出声孔均错位设置。
优选地，所述基体为所述面壳、所述按键电路板、所述面盖中的至少两种。
优选地，所述基体为防水层，所述按键电路板为按键PCB板或按键FPC板。
本发明还提供一种电子设备，包括：
电磁转换式喇叭和上面任意一项所述的磁屏蔽结构；
所述磁屏蔽结构位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧，用于实现磁屏蔽。
优选地，所述电子设备为对讲机或手机；所述磁屏蔽结构为所述对讲 机或手机的硅胶按键。
优选地，所述电子设备为音箱；所述磁屏蔽结构为所述音箱的外壳。
经由上述的技术方案可知，本发明提供的磁屏蔽结构，包括基体和均匀分布在基体内部的软磁体粉末，其中，所述基体为所述电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构，也即通过在电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构的基体中添加软磁体粉末，使得位于电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构本身具有磁屏蔽作用，从而无需在喇叭的背面或发声侧增加设置磁屏蔽结构，本发明提供的磁屏蔽结构对整机的轻薄化发展趋势更有利。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为现有技术中提供的喇叭磁屏蔽结构示意图；
图2为图1中所示结构的剖面结构示意图；
图3为未设置磁屏蔽罩时的磁场示意图；
图4为设置磁屏蔽罩后的磁场示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中提供的一种磁屏蔽结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中提供的一种电子设备结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中提供的电子设备的按键部分结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中提供的一种电子设备的磁屏蔽结构实物图；
图9为本发明实施例中提供的另一种电子设备的磁屏蔽结构实物图。
具体实施方式
正如背景技术部分所述，现有技术中的磁屏蔽结构不利于电子设备的轻薄化发展。
发明人发现出现上述现象的原因是，如图1所示，图1为现有技术中提 供的喇叭磁屏蔽结构示意图；现有技术中为了放置喇叭正面吸附铁屑，堵塞喇叭出声孔，对喇叭造成影响，因此，通常在喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧设置磁性屏蔽罩12，磁屏蔽罩12上设置有若干个透音孔120；磁屏蔽罩12为铁磁材料，磁屏蔽罩12用于将喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的至少部分磁通量不超出磁屏蔽罩12而导回喇叭本体11的内部磁场中；其中，磁屏蔽罩12上远离透音孔120周围的磁感应强度大于磁屏蔽罩12上靠近透音孔120周围的磁感应强度，从而限制铁屑或导磁物质从透音孔120进入喇叭组件内部。如图2所示，图2为图1中所示结构的剖面结构示意图；电子设备的喇叭组件包括：喇叭以及位于喇叭声音辐射面的磁屏蔽罩12，其中，喇叭包括磁石111、极片112、音圈113和振膜114，磁屏蔽罩12通过垫圈13与支架14封装，从而将喇叭封装在磁屏蔽罩12内部，使得磁屏蔽罩12对喇叭进行磁屏蔽。
其中，磁屏蔽罩12的材质为铁磁材料，铁磁材料的导磁率远远高于空气的导磁率，所以磁屏蔽罩12的磁阻比空气的磁阻小得多，当原先位于喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁通量经过磁屏蔽罩12时会形成转向，通过磁屏蔽罩12内部返回喇叭本体11的内部磁场中，形成完整的磁回路。
请参阅图3和图4，图3为未设置磁屏蔽罩时的磁场仿真示意图；图4为设置磁屏蔽罩后的磁场仿真示意图；如图3所示，在没有设置磁屏蔽罩12的情况下，喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁场分布情况，可以看出，在没有设置磁屏蔽罩12时，喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁通量通过空气导回喇叭本体11的内部磁场；如图4所示，在设置了磁屏蔽罩12的情况下，喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁场分布情况，而在设置了磁屏蔽罩12时，喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁通量绝大部分都通过磁屏蔽罩12，然后回到喇叭本体11的内部磁场。比较而言，由于铁磁材料的导磁系数远远大于真空的导磁系数，所以，不设置磁屏蔽罩12时喇叭本体11的声音辐射面一侧的磁场分布范围要远远大于设置了磁屏蔽罩12时的情况。
磁屏蔽罩12在磁场中导磁后，改变了磁场的方向，使喇叭组件的声音辐射面一侧几乎不具有磁性，类似磁石(例如条形磁石的磁性两端强、另两侧接近0)，仿真结果看到只在两端有少量的磁通量，故磁屏蔽罩12可以起到屏蔽磁场的作用，从而使得喇叭组件的磁屏蔽罩12外侧不具有磁力，防 止铁屑或者导磁物质吸附在喇叭组件上。
虽然磁屏蔽罩12的存在能够屏蔽铁屑进入到喇叭内部，避免对喇叭产生影响，但是从图2的剖面结构中可以看出，增加了磁屏蔽罩12的喇叭，比原来的结构厚度增加，且还需要其他额外的零件，如支架或垫圈等实现新增部件的固定，相对于原来单独的喇叭本体而言，新增零件较多，且造成喇叭的厚度较大、重量也随之增加，而喇叭通常是电子设备，如对讲机、按键手机的内部的一个部件，这就等导致电子设备的重量和厚度也随之增加，不利于电子设备的轻薄化发展。
基于此，本发明提供一种磁屏蔽结构，应用于具有电磁转换式喇叭的电子设备，且所述磁屏蔽结构位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧，所述磁屏蔽结构包括：
基体，所述基体为所述电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构；
均匀分布在所述基体内部的软磁体粉末。
本发明提供的磁屏蔽结构，包括基体和均匀分布在基体内部的软磁体粉末，起到磁屏蔽的作用，其中，基体可以是电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构，例如电子设备的外壳、按键、电路板等，由于软磁体粉末直接设置在基体中，所述基体本就是电子设备的一层结构，因此，无需在喇叭的背面或发声侧增加设置磁屏蔽结构，本发明提供的磁屏蔽结构对整机的轻薄化发展趋势更有利。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参见图5，图5为本发明实施例中提供的一种磁屏蔽结构示意图；所述磁屏蔽结构2包括：基体21以及均匀分布在基体21内部的软磁体粉末22， 其中，基体21为电子设备中位于电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例中不限定基体的具体结构，可选的，请参见图6，图6为本发明实施例提供的一种具有电磁转换式喇叭的电子设备的爆炸示意图；电子设备通常包括相连接的上壳和下壳，以及位于上壳和下壳之间的，用于完成电子设备通讯功能的主PCB板、喇叭和按键组件，主PCB板设置在下壳上。
如图6所示，上壳包括面壳500和面盖200，按键组件设置在面壳500与面盖200之间，按键组件包括按键301和按键电路板302，需要说明的是，本实施例中，所述按键电路板302可以是PCB板，也可以是FPC板。电磁转换式喇叭600设置在面壳500之下，面壳500上设置有连接孔501、按键组件通过穿过面壳连接孔501的软性线路板303连接主PCB板。另外，面盖200、按键组件和面壳500上均设置有连通至喇叭前腔的出声孔201，出声孔根据其所在不同层来区分，如所述面壳上设置有多个第一出声孔，所述按键电路板上设置有多个第二出声孔，所述面盖上设置有多个第三出声孔。
通过将上壳分成面壳500和面盖200，可以使得按键电路板302与主PCB板之间的连接点最小，方便进行密封，使按键组件部分与主PCB板之间的防水设计更加容易。面壳500、按键组件、面盖200和喇叭600的连接处均密封设置。本实施例中如图7所示，按键301包括功能选择按键区311与数字字符输入按键区312，在面盖上对应设置有该功能选择按键区311与数字字符输入按键区312。面盖200上的出声孔201设置在功能选择按键区311和数字字符输入按键区312之间。
另外，按键301与按键电路板302之间设置有防水层，按键301、按键电路板302及其防水层之间均采用胶黏剂密封。请继续参见图6，防水层具体可以包括胶膜402和网布401，其中，胶膜402贴于按键电路板302上，网布401设置与胶膜402余按键301之间，胶膜402起到对按键电路板302的防水作用。网布401在保证声导的同时能隔绝外界的尘土，同时也能起到基本的防水作用。面盖200与按键301配合之后刚好与面壳500扣合，固定按键301及其他按键组件，再固定面壳500与面盖200。
通过上述结构可以得知，位于电磁转换式喇叭发声侧的结构可以是面壳、面盖、按键组件等，因此，本实施例中基体可以是面壳、面盖、按键 组件中的至少一种。也就是说，本实施例中磁屏蔽结构，可以是面壳、面盖、按键组件中的至少一个，还可以是防水层，本实施例中对此不作限定。
可选的，基体可以是按键301，按键的材料优选为硅胶材料或者塑胶材料，通过在硅胶材料或塑胶材料中添加软磁体粉末，使得按键301具有磁屏蔽作用。本发明实施例中对软磁体粉末也不作限定，所述软磁体粉末22的材质可选为马口铁粉末。
经过发明人的研究发现，马口铁粉末应用在硅胶材料中比应用在塑胶材料中的磁屏蔽效果更好，在本发明的实施例中，优选地，采用马口铁粉末与硅胶结合形成所述磁屏蔽结构。
另外，需要说明的是，本发明实施例中不限定马口铁粉末在硅胶材料中的含量。虽然，马口铁粉末的含量越多，对铁屑等材料的磁屏蔽效果较好，但是马口铁粉末的添加对基体材料，如硅胶的粘合性等原有特性有所影响，经过发明人实验证明，当马口铁粉末含量为10％左右时，磁屏蔽效果较好，且对硅胶等基体材料的影响较小，因此，本发明实施例中可选的，马口铁粉末在基体材料中的含量为10％，本实施例中所述的含量为质量百分比。
本实施例中磁屏蔽结构的应用范围较广，可以替换任何具有硅胶或塑胶材料的外壳装置，需要说明的是，最广泛的应用场景主要是指包含有电磁转换式喇叭的发声机构中，为了避免阻挡声音向外辐射，本实施例中磁屏蔽结构上还开设有贯穿所述磁屏蔽结构的通孔。如图8和图9所示，图8为本发明实施例中提供的一种电子设备的磁屏蔽结构实物图；图9为本发明实施例中提供的另一种电子设备的磁屏蔽结构实物图。
可以理解的是，由于磁屏蔽结构上远离透音孔周围的部分的磁感应强度大于磁屏蔽结构上靠近透音孔周围的部分的磁感应强度，当有铁屑或导磁物质到达透音孔范围内时，铁屑或导磁物质会优先被磁感应强度大的部分吸住，即被磁屏蔽结构上远离透音孔周围的部分吸住，从而可以限制铁屑或导磁物质从透音孔进入喇叭组件内部的可能。
本实施例中，如图6所示，图6中的磁屏蔽结构中开设有通孔K1，其中通孔K1的形状不规则，本实施例中以图6中的L1代表通孔K1的尺寸。发明人通过图6所示的添加有马口铁粉末的硅胶按键以及现有的量产的未添加 马口铁粉末的普通硅胶按键做对比试验，发现：有马口铁粉末的硅胶按键，吸附的铁屑相对较少；且方向较为整齐，说明马口铁粉末具有导磁作用。
发明人还通过图8中尺寸为L1的通孔K1，以及图9中尺寸为L2的通孔K2的对比试验得到，图8所示的尺寸为L1的通孔K1的开口尺寸太大，影响磁屏蔽结构的防铁屑效果，相对而言，与现有技术中的硅胶按键壳的对比效果不太明显。而通过减小硅胶按键上的通孔大小，改成直径约为1mm的出音孔，然后贴在喇叭的正上方，发现图7所示的掺杂有马口铁粉末的硅胶按键吸附的铁屑相对与图6所示的掺杂有马口铁粉末的硅胶按键吸附的铁屑明显减少，而且方向更加整齐一致。由此得到结论，将硅胶按键壳体上的通孔尺寸减小，更有利于硅胶按键减弱喇叭正面的磁性，吸附更少的铁屑。
而且，经过仿真分析，在通孔孔径较小，约0.8mm时，泄磁几乎消失，可见，本发明实施例提供的磁屏蔽结构，既能够改变磁场方向，又能实现磁场屏蔽效果，因此，可以应用于多种电子设备的外壳中，与电子设备外壳兼容，从而避免额外增加零件，对电子设备进行磁屏蔽，避免对电子设备的轻薄化造成阻碍。
而且无需设置额外零部件，这样不会增加客户的额外操作，即可实现降低泄磁，不会对用户体验造成任何不利影响。更进一步地，由于直接在基体材料中添加软磁体粉末即可，成本的上升可以忽略不计，实现大幅降低泄磁的功能的同时，还能保证整机轻、薄、小，且成本低。
另外，需要说明的是，本实施例中还可以通过设置每层结构中的出声孔位置，避免出声孔处出现漏磁现象。如上面所述，请参见图6，面壳500上设置有多个第一出声孔(如图6中面壳500上的502和201所示)，所述按键电路板上设置有多个第二出声孔(如图6中按键电路板302上的201所示)，所述面盖200上设置有多个第三出声孔(如图6中面盖200上的201所示)。需要说明的是，图6所示的结构中，第一出声孔、第二出声孔和第三出声孔的位置基本对应，以便于喇叭发出声音。
但发明人发现，第一出声孔、第二出声孔和第三出声孔的位置基本对应，那么出声孔位置没有磁屏蔽结构遮挡，容易出现漏磁，基于该技术问题，本发明还提供如下几个方案，以解决上面的技术问题。
如，将多个第一出声孔和多个第二出声孔位置一一对应设置，但使得多个第三出声孔均与多个第一出声孔错位设置；在第三出声孔所在的面盖中掺杂软磁体结构，从而使得面盖形成磁屏蔽结构，也即基体为面盖以及面壳和按键电路板中的至少一个，这样通过两层结构都设置为磁屏蔽结构，且两层磁屏蔽结构的出声孔位置相互错位，避免出声孔位置出现漏磁。在本发明的其他实施例中，还可以设置，多个第一出声孔和多个第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个第二出声孔均与多个第一出声孔错位设置；基体为按键电路板、以及面壳和面盖中的至少一个。同样的，还可以设置多个第二出声孔和多个第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个第一出声孔均与多个第二出声孔错位设置；基体为面壳、以及面盖和按键电路板中的至少一个。另外的实施例中，还可以将多个第一出声孔、多个第二出声孔和多个第三出声孔均错位设置，然后，基体为面壳、按键电路板、面盖中的两种或三种，只要三层结构中有至少两层磁屏蔽结构，且至少两层磁屏蔽结构中的出声孔错位设置，即可减少甚至避免出声孔位置出现漏磁现象。
基于相同的发明构思，本发明实施例还提供一种电子设备，所述电子设备包括上面实施例中所述的磁屏蔽结构和电磁转换式喇叭，所述电子设备可以包括传统的音箱、耳机、手机、对讲机、导航仪等用到电磁转换式喇叭发声装置的设备。
而且，所述磁屏蔽结构设置在电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧。当电子设备为对讲机或手机时，磁屏蔽结构为所述对讲机或手机的硅胶按键，另外，硅胶按键所在的壳体也可以设置为添加软磁体粉末的结构。
当电子设备为音箱时，所述磁屏蔽结构可以是音箱的整个外壳，本实施例中对此不作限定。
本发明提供的电子设备包括上面实施例中所述磁屏蔽结构，由于直接将软磁体粉末设置在电子设备的外壳中，与现有的电子设备的结构兼容，从而无需在喇叭的背面或发声侧额外增加设置磁屏蔽结构，从而对电子设备整机的轻薄化发展趋势更有利。
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每 个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括上述要素的物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，应用于具有电磁转换式喇叭的电子设备，且所述磁屏蔽结构位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧，所述磁屏蔽结构包括：
    基体，所述基体为所述电子设备中位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧的结构；
    均匀分布在所述基体内部的软磁体粉末。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述基体包括：面壳、面盖、按键组件中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述按键组件包括：按键和按键电路板，以及位于所述按键和所述按键电路板之间的防水层，所述按键与所述按键电路板上的数字字符输入按键区对应设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述基体为所述按键，且所述按键的材料为硅胶材料或塑胶材料。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述软磁体粉末为马口铁粉末。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述马口铁粉末的含量为10％。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述面壳上设置有多个第一出声孔，所述按键电路板上设置有多个第二出声孔，所述面盖上设置有多个第三出声孔。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述第一出声孔和所述第二出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第三出声孔均与多个所述第一出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述面盖、以及所述面壳和所述按键电路板中的至少一个。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述第一出声孔 和所述第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第二出声孔均与多个所述第一出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述按键电路板、以及所述面壳和所述面盖中的至少一个。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述第二出声孔和所述第三出声孔一一对应设置，多个所述第一出声孔均与多个所述第二出声孔错位设置；所述基体为所述面壳、以及所述面盖和所述按键电路板中的至少一个。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，多个所述第一出声孔、多个所述第二出声孔和多个所述第三出声孔均错位设置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述基体为所述面壳、所述按键电路板、所述面盖中的至少两种。
  13. 根据权利要求3所述的磁屏蔽结构，其特征在于，所述基体为防水层，所述按键电路板为按键PCB板或按键FPC板。
  14. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备包括：
    电磁转换式喇叭和权利要求1-13任意一项所述的磁屏蔽结构；
    所述磁屏蔽结构位于所述电磁转换式喇叭的发声侧，用于实现磁屏蔽。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为对讲机或手机；所述磁屏蔽结构为所述对讲机或手机的硅胶按键。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其特征在于，所述电子设备为音箱；所述磁屏蔽结构为所述音箱的外壳。
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