WO2021212303A1 - 电子标签及其系统 - Google Patents

电子标签及其系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021212303A1
WO2021212303A1 PCT/CN2020/085817 CN2020085817W WO2021212303A1 WO 2021212303 A1 WO2021212303 A1 WO 2021212303A1 CN 2020085817 W CN2020085817 W CN 2020085817W WO 2021212303 A1 WO2021212303 A1 WO 2021212303A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic tag
microprocessor
oscillator
antenna
capacitor
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/085817
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邵帅
Original Assignee
Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 filed Critical Oppo广东移动通信有限公司
Priority to CN202080100049.8A priority Critical patent/CN115428359A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/085817 priority patent/WO2021212303A1/zh
Publication of WO2021212303A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021212303A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of the Internet of Things, and more specifically, to an electronic tag and a system thereof.
  • Electronic tags are widely used in tracking and positioning. At the same time, the performance of electronic tags is limited by factors such as service life, reading distance, and ease of use. How to extend the service life of the electronic tag, increase the reading distance of the electronic tag, and improve the convenience of the electronic tag has become a technical problem to be solved urgently.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide an electronic tag and its system, which can reduce the power consumption of the electronic tag and increase the reading distance.
  • the smart terminal device integrated with the Bluetooth transceiver module is used as a card reader, which improves the use of the electronic tag Convenience.
  • an electronic label including:
  • RF front-end circuit including antenna and tunnel diode; among them,
  • the electronic tag is used to receive the continuous wave signal transmitted by the transmitter through the antenna, use the continuous wave signal as its carrier signal, and use the backscattering method to modulate and generate a reflection that conforms to Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) broadcasting Signal, use the tunnel diode to increase the intensity of the reflected signal, and broadcast the reflected signal to the reader via BLE.
  • BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
  • the tunnel diode works in a first voltage interval, wherein, in the first voltage interval, the current of the tunnel diode decreases as the voltage increases.
  • the electronic tag includes an oscillator and a microprocessor
  • the oscillator is connected to the radio frequency front-end circuit, and the microprocessor is connected to the oscillator; wherein,
  • the oscillator is used to generate the first frequency f 1 and the second frequency f 2 ;
  • the microprocessor modulates and generates the reflected signal conforming to the BLE broadcast by controlling the frequency generated by the oscillator.
  • the first frequency f 1 and the second frequency f 2 satisfy:
  • the center frequency f c of the BLE broadcast includes at least one of the following:
  • the frequency f 0 of the continuous wave signal satisfies:
  • the high voltage V H and the low voltage V L of the oscillator satisfy: V 1 ⁇ V H ⁇ V 2 , V L ⁇ V 2 ;
  • the current of the tunnel diode will decrease as the voltage increases.
  • the electronic tag includes a power supply and a power supply circuit, and the power supply circuit is used to convert the power of the power supply into the voltage and current required by the oscillator and the microprocessor.
  • the voltage and current required by the oscillator and the microprocessor are provided by the radio frequency energy received through the antenna.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit further includes a first capacitor, wherein one end of the first capacitor is connected to the antenna, the other end is connected to the tunnel diode and the oscillator, and the first capacitor is used for isolation DC.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit further includes a second capacitor and a third capacitor, where:
  • One end of the second capacitor is connected to the antenna and the tunnel diode, the other end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the second capacitor is used for matching the antenna and the tunnel diode;
  • One end of the third capacitor is connected to the tunnel diode and the oscillator, the other end of the third capacitor is grounded, and the third capacitor is used for matching the tunnel diode and the oscillator.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit further includes a choke coil, wherein one end of the choke coil is connected to the tunnel diode, the other end of the choke coil is connected to the oscillator, and the choke coil is used for To block the AC energy rushing to the tunnel diode.
  • the electronic tag further includes a wake-up circuit, wherein the wake-up circuit is used to wake up the microprocessor in the sleep state, and wake up the oscillator in the sleep state through the microprocessor, and/ Or, the wake-up circuit is used to trigger the microprocessor to control the oscillator to enter the sleep state, and then trigger the microprocessor to enter the sleep state.
  • the wake-up circuit is used to wake up the microprocessor in the sleep state, and wake up the oscillator in the sleep state through the microprocessor, and/ Or, the wake-up circuit is used to trigger the microprocessor to control the oscillator to enter the sleep state, and then trigger the microprocessor to enter the sleep state.
  • the wake-up circuit includes a rectifier, wherein:
  • the rectifier is used to convert the RF AC energy received from the antenna into DC energy and output the DC energy to the microprocessor;
  • the microprocessor in the sleep state is awakened, and the microprocessor wakes up the oscillator
  • the microprocessor controls the oscillator to enter the sleep state, and then the microprocessor enters the sleep state.
  • the wake-up circuit includes a rectifier and a timer, where:
  • the rectifier is used to convert radio frequency AC energy received from the antenna into DC energy and output the DC energy to the microprocessor;
  • the timer is started or restarted, the microprocessor in the sleep state is awakened, and the microprocessor wakes up the oscillator; in the case of the timer timeout, the The microprocessor controls the oscillator to enter the sleep state, and then the microprocessor enters the sleep state.
  • the preset value is configured by the microprocessor.
  • the rectifier includes a diode and a fourth capacitor, wherein one end of the diode is connected to the antenna, the other end of the diode is connected to the microprocessor and the fourth capacitor, and one end of the fourth capacitor The diode and the microprocessor are connected, and the other end of the fourth capacitor is grounded.
  • the electronic tag further includes a Bluetooth receiver, and the Bluetooth receiver is used to receive Bluetooth signals.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit further includes a single-pole double-throw switch, one end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the antenna, and in the first closed mode, the other end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the Bluetooth receiver In the second closed mode, the other end of the single-pole double-throw switch is connected to the tunnel diode;
  • the microprocessor controls the single pole double throw switch to work in the first closed mode, and when the electronic tag needs to broadcast the reflected signal, the microprocessor controls the single pole double throw The switch works in the second closed mode.
  • the electronic tag further includes a Bluetooth antenna, and the Bluetooth receiver receives Bluetooth signals through the Bluetooth antenna.
  • an electronic label system including:
  • the first aspect or the electronic tag in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the card reader is an intelligent terminal device integrated with a Bluetooth transceiver module.
  • the electronic tag receives the continuous wave signal transmitted by the transmitter through the antenna, uses the continuous wave signal as its carrier signal, modulates the reflected signal conforming to BLE broadcasting by backscattering, and uses the tunnel diode to increase the intensity of the reflected signal , And broadcast the reflected signal to the reader through BLE.
  • this application applies backscattering technology to the Bluetooth BLE electronic tag system, and uses tunnel diodes to increase the reading distance, so as to meet the user's requirements for power consumption, reading distance, and ease of use.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is the volt-ampere curve of the tunnel diode provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the Nth BLE channel provided by the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of still another electronic tag according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic label system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • an electronic tag system includes an electronic tag, a transmitter, and a card reader, and the tracking and positioning of the electronic tag can be implemented based on the electronic tag system.
  • electronic tags can be placed on items to be tracked, such as wallets, keys, etc.
  • electronic tags can also be placed on mobile devices, persons or animals that need to be tracked to achieve Tracking and positioning.
  • the performance evaluation of electronic tags has three main dimensions: 1. Service life; 2. Reading distance; 3. Convenience of use.
  • the service life of an electronic tag is limited by its battery life.
  • a rechargeable battery is not regarded as a method to increase the service life of an electronic tag.
  • Reading distance refers to the maximum recognizable distance between the card reader and the electronic tag during electronic tag tracking.
  • Ease of use refers to whether special hardware is required in addition to electronic tags, or any operation that may increase user barriers to use.
  • the UHF radio frequency identification Ultra high frequency Radio Frequency Identification, UHF RFID
  • UHF RFID User Frequency Identification
  • Another example is that electronic tags that use cellular networks (such as Narrow Band Internet of Things, NB-IoT) need to purchase Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards or embedded SIM (Embedded-SIM, eSIM) cards And pay the communication fee.
  • SIM Subscriber Identity Module
  • eSIM embedded SIM
  • the idealized electronic tag has a long service life and a long reading distance, without the need to purchase other professional hardware and pay communication fees.
  • Table 1 below lists the advantages and disadvantages of UHF RFID, Bluetooth electronic tags, and cellular network-based electronic tags in terms of service life, reading distance, and ease of use. It can be seen that each technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. Pros and cons.
  • this application proposes to apply backscatter technology to the Bluetooth BLE electronic tag system, and uses tunnel diodes to increase the reading distance.
  • the smart terminal device integrated with the Bluetooth transceiver module is used as a card reader to meet the user's requirements for power consumption, reading distance, and ease of use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic tag 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic tag 100 includes a radio frequency front-end circuit 110, and the radio frequency front-end circuit 110 includes an antenna 111 and a tunnel diode 112.
  • the electronic tag 100 is used to receive a continuous wave (CW) signal transmitted by a transmitter through the antenna 111, use the continuous wave signal as its carrier signal, and use backscatter to modulate and generate a BLE broadcast ( BLE Advertising), the tunnel diode 112 is used to increase the intensity of the reflected signal, and the reflected signal is broadcast to the reader via BLE.
  • CW continuous wave
  • BLE Advertising backscatter to modulate and generate a BLE broadcast
  • BLE Advertising BLE Advertising
  • the electronic tag receives the continuous wave signal transmitted by the transmitter through the antenna, uses the continuous wave signal as its carrier signal, modulates the reflected signal conforming to BLE broadcasting by backscattering, and uses the tunnel diode to increase the reflected signal And broadcast the reflected signal to the reader through BLE.
  • the electronic tag in this application greatly reduces the power consumption.
  • the electronic tags in this application greatly increase the reading distance.
  • this application applies backscattering technology to the Bluetooth BLE electronic tag system, and uses tunnel diodes to increase the reading distance, so as to meet the user's requirements for power consumption, reading distance, and ease of use.
  • backscatter is a wireless technology that realizes signal transmission and modulation and coding without a transmitter. That is to say, the electronic tag 100 can be modulated to generate a reflected signal conforming to BLE broadcasting by backscattering, and broadcast the reflected signal to the card reader through BLE, without the need to separately set emission and modulation codes in the electronic tag 100 Module.
  • the electronic tag 100 can realize modulation and coding of the reflected signal by switching the matching impedance frequency of the antenna 111.
  • the reflected signal adopts frequency modulation modulation (Frequency Shift Keying, FSK) to comply with BLE broadcasting.
  • FSK Frequency Shift Keying
  • the tunnel diode 112 is a semiconductor diode made of mixed materials such as gallium arsenide and gallium antimonide.
  • the tunnel diode 112 uses the electron tunneling effect in quantum mechanics to generate a special volt-ampere curve, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • a voltage is applied to both sides of the tunnel diode.
  • the current I decreases from i 1 to i 2. That is to say, when the voltage is between V 1 and V 2 , the current will follow the voltage The increase and decrease, that is, the resistance r ⁇ 0. Therefore, a phenomenon of "negative resistance" has appeared.
  • This application makes use of this electronic tunneling effect to increase the reading distance of the electronic tag.
  • the load resistance of the tunnel diode 112 is -R L , where R L is a positive number.
  • the reflection coefficient ⁇ can be as shown in formula 1,
  • the reflection coefficient ⁇ greater than 1 means that the reflected signal is greater than the received signal, so the tunnel diode 112 amplifies the reflected signal.
  • the tunnel diode 112 operates in a first voltage interval, wherein, in the first voltage interval, the current of the tunnel diode 112 decreases as the voltage increases. That is, the first voltage interval may be the voltage interval formed between V 1 and V 2 as shown in FIG. 2.
  • BLE is divided into 40 channels (channels, CH), which are respectively denoted as CH 0 to CH 39, and each channel has a bandwidth of 2 MHz.
  • f c is the center frequency of the channel.
  • the channels used to transmit BLE broadcast signals in the embodiments of this application can be CH37 (its corresponding center frequency is 2402MHz), CH38 (its corresponding center frequency is 2462MHz), and CH39 (its corresponding center frequency is 2480MHz) .
  • the electronic tag 100 includes an oscillator 120 and a microprocessor 130.
  • the oscillator 120 connected to the RF circuit 110, the microprocessor 130 connected to the oscillator 120; wherein, the oscillator 120 for generating a first frequency f 1 and a second frequency f 2 ;
  • the microprocessor 130 modulates and generates a reflected signal conforming to BLE broadcasting by controlling the frequency generated by the oscillator 120. That is, the microprocessor 130 realizes the conversion from a digital signal to an analog signal by controlling the frequency selection of the oscillator 120, and the digital signals "0" and "1" correspond to the first frequency f 1 and the second frequency f 2 respectively .
  • the first frequency f 1 and the second frequency f 2 satisfy: 370kHz ⁇
  • the center frequency f c of the BLE broadcast includes at least one of the following:
  • the channels broadcast by BLE include at least one of the following:
  • the frequency f 0 of the continuous wave signal satisfies:
  • the high voltage V H and the low voltage V L of the oscillator 120 satisfy: V 1 ⁇ V H ⁇ V 2 , V L ⁇ V 2 ;
  • the voltage interval formed between V 1 and V 2 may be the above-mentioned first voltage interval.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit 110 further includes a first capacitor 113. As shown in FIG. 1, one end of the first capacitor 113 is connected to the antenna 111, and the other end is connected to the tunnel diode 112 and the oscillator 120. And the first capacitor 113 is used to isolate direct current.
  • the electronic tag 100 includes a power supply circuit 140 and a power supply 150.
  • the power supply circuit 140 is used to convert the power of the power supply 150 into the oscillator 120 and the micro The processor 130 requires voltage and current.
  • the voltage and current required by the oscillator 120 and the microprocessor 130 can also be provided by the radio frequency energy received through the antenna 111. That is, there is no need to provide an additional power supply in the electronic tag, thereby increasing the service life of the electronic tag.
  • the radio frequency front-end circuit 110 further includes a second capacitor 114 and a third capacitor 115.
  • a second capacitor 114 is connected to the antenna 111 and the tunnel diode 112, the other end of the second capacitor 114 is grounded, and the second capacitor 114 is used for matching the antenna 111 and the tunnel diode 112.
  • One end of the third capacitor 115 is connected to the tunnel diode 112 and the oscillator 120, the other end of the third capacitor 115 is grounded, and the third capacitor 115 is used to match the tunnel diode 112 and the oscillator 120.
  • the RF front-end circuit 110 further includes a choke coil 116.
  • a choke coil 116 As shown in FIG. 4, one end of the choke coil 116 is connected to the tunnel diode 112, the other end of the choke coil 116 is connected to the oscillator 120, and the choke coil 116 is The flow ring 116 is used to block the AC energy flowing to the tunnel diode 112.
  • the electronic tag 100 further includes a wake-up circuit 160.
  • the wake-up circuit 160 is used to wake up the microprocessor 130 in the sleep state, and the oscillator 120 in the sleep state is waked up by the microprocessor 130, and/or the wake-up circuit 160 is used to trigger the microprocessor 130 to control the oscillation
  • the device 120 enters the sleep state, and then triggers the microprocessor 130 to enter the sleep state.
  • the oscillator 120 and the microprocessor 130 are always in working state, and their power consumption is relatively high. Setting the wake-up circuit 160 in the electronic tag 100 can make the oscillator 120 and the microprocessor 130 sleep in some scenarios, and in other scenarios, the oscillator 120 and the microprocessor 130 can be waked up by the wake-up circuit 160.
  • the wake-up circuit 160 includes a rectifier 161. As shown in FIG. 5, one end of the rectifier 161 is connected to the antenna 111, the other end of the rectifier 161 is connected to the microprocessor 130, and the rectifier 161 is used to receive the signal from the antenna 111. The RF AC energy is converted into DC energy, and the DC energy is output to the microprocessor 130.
  • the microprocessor 130 in the sleep state is awakened, and the microprocessor 130 wakes up the oscillator 120; in the case that the DC energy is less than or equal to the preset value, The microprocessor 130 controls the oscillator 120 to enter the sleep state, and then the microprocessor 130 enters the sleep state.
  • the wake-up circuit 160 includes a rectifier 161 and a timer 162. As shown in FIG. 6, one end of the rectifier 161 is connected to the antenna 111, the other end of the rectifier 161 is connected to the microprocessor 130, and the rectifier 161 is used to The RF AC energy received at the antenna 111 is converted into DC energy, and the DC energy is output to the microprocessor 130.
  • the timer is started or restarted, the microprocessor 130 in the sleep state is awakened, and the microprocessor 130 wakes up the oscillator 120; in the case that the timer expires Next, the microprocessor 130 controls the oscillator 120 to enter the sleep state, and then the microprocessor 130 enters the sleep state.
  • microprocessor 130 is awakened, and then the microprocessor 130 wakes up the oscillator 120 and starts to prepare for the backscatter modulation of Bluetooth BLE.
  • the preset value is configured or programmed by the microprocessor 130.
  • the preset value can be a value defined in an actual application. The actual selection of the diode and capacitance of the rectifier can be changed flexibly.
  • the rectifier 161 includes a diode 1611 and a fourth capacitor 1612. One end of the diode 1611 is connected to the antenna 111, and the other end of the diode 1611 is connected to the microprocessor 130 and the fourth capacitor. A capacitor 1612. One end of the fourth capacitor 1612 is connected to the diode 1611 and the microprocessor 130, and the other end of the fourth capacitor 1612 is grounded.
  • diode 1611 and the fourth capacitor 1612 can be flexibly set according to actual needs.
  • the electronic tag 100 further includes a Bluetooth receiver 170, and the Bluetooth receiver 170 is configured to receive Bluetooth signals.
  • the Bluetooth receiver 170 is configured to receive Bluetooth signals.
  • this embodiment has the ability to receive Bluetooth signals.
  • the RF front-end circuit 110 further includes a single-pole double-throw switch 117, one end of the single-pole double-throw switch 117 is connected to the antenna 111, and in the first closed mode, the other side of the single-pole double-throw switch 117 One end is connected to the Bluetooth receiver 170, and in the second closed mode, the other end of the SPDT switch 117 is connected to the tunnel diode 112; wherein, when the electronic tag 100 needs to receive a Bluetooth signal, the microprocessor 130 controls the SPDT The switch 117 works in the first closed mode, and when the electronic tag 100 needs to broadcast the reflected signal, the microprocessor 130 controls the single-pole double-throw switch 117 to work in the second closed mode. That is, the Bluetooth receiver 170 and the backscatter device share the antenna 111.
  • the electronic tag 100 further includes a Bluetooth antenna 180, and the Bluetooth receiver 170 receives Bluetooth signals through the Bluetooth antenna 180.
  • the electronic tag shown in Figure 8 adopts a dual antenna design. Compared with the electronic tag shown in Figure 7, the original single-pole double-throw switch is saved, so it saves costs and does not require a microprocessor to control antenna switching, thus reducing Circuit complexity, and reduce power consumption.
  • the electronic tag receives the continuous wave signal transmitted by the transmitter through the antenna, uses the continuous wave signal as its carrier signal, and uses the backscatter method to modulate and generate the reflected signal conforming to the BLE broadcast.
  • the strength of the reflected signal, and broadcast the reflected signal to the reader via BLE applies backscattering technology to the Bluetooth BLE electronic tag system, and uses tunnel diodes to increase the reading distance, so as to meet the user's requirements for power consumption, reading distance, and ease of use.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic label system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic label system includes an electronic label 100, a transmitter 200 and a card reader 300.
  • the transmitter 200 transmits a continuous wave signal as the carrier signal of the electronic tag.
  • the electronic tag 100 realizes FSK modulation in compliance with the BLE broadcast signal on the reflected signal by changing the load matching frequency of its antenna.
  • the electronic tag 100 uses tunnel diodes to increase the reflected signal energy and increase the reading distance.
  • the card reader 300 obtains the reflected signal and decodes it to obtain the information of the electronic tag, such as identification (ID).
  • ID identification
  • the card reader 300 may be a smart terminal device, that is, the card reader does not have any special hardware and software requirements. Only need the smart terminal to integrate Bluetooth 4.0 and above Bluetooth transceiver.
  • the card reader is an intelligent terminal device integrated with a Bluetooth transceiver module.
  • the card reader may be a portable or mobile computing device such as a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a mobile phone, a game device, an in-vehicle electronic device, a smart home appliance, or a wearable smart device.
  • wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions that can be implemented without relying on smart phones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, etc., and only focus on a certain type of application function, and need to interact with other devices such as smart phones. Used together, such as various types of smart bracelets, smart jewelry and other equipment for physical sign monitoring.
  • the electronic tag 100 and the card reader 300 can also communicate with other wireless methods.
  • the wireless technology used can be 2.4GHz, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and wireless security.
  • Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi), 3G, 4G, 5G communication, and subsequent evolved wireless communication technologies, etc. may also be some other wireless communication technologies, which are not limited in this application.
  • microprocessor of the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
  • steps of the foregoing embodiments can be completed by hardware integrated logic circuits in the microprocessor or instructions in the form of software.
  • the foregoing microprocessor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA ready-made programmable gate array
  • Programmable logic devices discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • the microprocessor can also be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and completes the above steps in combination with its hardware.
  • the electronic tag of the embodiment of the present application may also include a memory, and the memory may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), and electrically available Erase programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • RAM static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • DR RAM Direct Rambus RAM

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了一种电子标签及其系统，能够降低电子标签的功耗，并提高读取距离，同时将集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备作为读卡器，提升了电子标签的使用便利性。该电子标签包括：射频前端电路，包括天线和隧道二极管；其中，该电子标签用于通过该天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将该连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号，利用该隧道二极管增加该反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播该反射信号。

Description

电子标签及其系统 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及物联网领域，并且更具体地，涉及一种电子标签及其系统。
背景技术
电子标签广泛应用于追踪和定位。同时，电子标签的性能受限于使用寿命、读取距离、使用便利性等因素。如何延长电子标签的使用寿命、增加电子标签的读取距离、以及提升电子标签的使用便利性，成为一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电子标签及其系统，能够降低电子标签的功耗，并提高读取距离，同时将集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备作为读卡器，提升了电子标签的使用便利性。
第一方面，提供了一种电子标签，包括：
射频前端电路，包括天线和隧道二极管；其中，
该电子标签用于通过该天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将该连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合蓝牙低功耗(Bluetooth Low Energy，BLE)广播的反射信号，利用该隧道二极管增加该反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播该反射信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该隧道二极管工作在第一电压区间，其中，在该第一电压区间，该隧道二极管的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电子标签包括振荡器和微处理器，
该振荡器连接该射频前端电路，该微处理器连接该振荡器；其中，
该振荡器用于产生第一频率f 1和第二频率f 2；
该微处理器通过控制该振荡器所产生的频率，调制生成符合BLE广播的该反射信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该第一频率f 1和该第二频率f 2满足：
370kHz＜|f 1-f 2|＜2MHz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在f 1＜f 2的情况下，BLE广播的中心频率f c包括以下中的至少一种：
2402MHz、2462MHz、2480MHz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该连续波信号的频率f 0满足：
在f 0＜f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0+f 1＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0+f 2＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz；
在f 0＞f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0-f 2＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0-f 1＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该振荡器的高电压V H和低电压V L满足：V 1＜V H＜V 2，V L＜V 2；
其中，在V 1与V 2之间形成的电压区间，该隧道二极管的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电子标签包括电源和电源电路，该电源电路用于将该电源的电量转化为该振荡器和该微处理器所需电压和电流。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该振荡器和该微处理器所需电压和电流依靠通过该天线接收到的射频能量提供。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该射频前端电路还包括第一电容器，其中，该第一电容器的一端连接该天线，另一端连接该隧道二极管和该振荡器，以及该第一电容器用于隔离直流。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该射频前端电路还包括第二电容器和第三电容器，其中，
该第二电容器的一端连接该天线和该隧道二极管，该第二电容器的另一端接地，以及该第二电容器用于该天线与该隧道二极管的匹配；
该第三电容器的一端连接该隧道二极管和该振荡器，该第三电容器的另一端接地，以及该第三电容器用于该隧道二极管与该振荡器的匹配。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该射频前端电路还包括扼流圈，其中，该扼流圈的一端连接该隧道二极管，该扼流圈的另一端连接该振荡器，以及该扼流圈用于阻断涌向该隧道二极管的交流能量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电子标签还包括唤醒电路，其中，该唤醒电路用于唤醒处于睡眠状态的该微处理器，并通过该微处理器唤醒睡眠状态的该振荡器，和/或，该唤醒电路用于触发该微处理器控制该振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着触发该微处理器进入睡眠状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该唤醒电路包括整流器，其中，
该整流器的一端连接该天线，该整流器的另一端连接该微处理器，该整流器用于将从该天线处接 收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将该直流能量输出至该微处理器；
在该直流能量大于预设值的情况下，处于睡眠状态的该微处理器被唤醒，且该微处理器唤醒该振荡器；
在该直流能量小于或者等于预设值的情况下，该微处理器控制该振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着该微处理器进入睡眠状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该唤醒电路包括整流器和定时器，其中，
该整流器的一端连接该天线，该整流器的另一端连接该微处理器，该整流器用于将从该天线处接收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将该直流能量输出至该微处理器；
在该直流能量大于预设值的情况下，启动或者重启该定时器，处于睡眠状态的该微处理器被唤醒，且该微处理器唤醒该振荡器；在该定时器超时的情况下，该微处理器控制该振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着该微处理器进入睡眠状态。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该预设值通过该微处理器配置。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该整流器包括二极管和第四电容器，其中，该二极管的一端连接该天线，该二极管的另一端连接该微处理器和该第四电容器，该第四电容器的一端连接该二极管和该微处理器，该第四电容器的另一端接地。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电子标签还包括蓝牙接收机，该蓝牙接收机用于接收蓝牙信号。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该射频前端电路还包括单刀双掷开关，该单刀双掷开关的一端连接该天线，在第一闭合模式下，该单刀双掷开关的另一端连接该蓝牙接收机，在第二闭合模式下，该单刀双掷开关的另一端连接该隧道二极管；
其中，在该电子标签需要接收蓝牙信号时，该微处理器控制该单刀双掷开关工作在第一闭合模式，以及在该电子标签需要广播该反射信号时，该微处理器控制该单刀双掷开关工作在第二闭合模式。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该电子标签还包括蓝牙天线，该蓝牙接收机通过该蓝牙天线接收蓝牙信号。
第二方面，提供了一种电子标签系统，包括：
发射机和读卡器；以及
第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电子标签。
在一种可能的实现方式中，该读卡器为集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备。
通过上述技术方案，电子标签通过天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号，利用隧道二极管增加反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播反射信号。也就是说，本申请将反向散射技术应用于蓝牙BLE电子标签系统，并利用隧道二极管增加了读取距离，从而满足用户对功耗，读取距离，使用便利性的要求。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例的一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图2是本申请提供的隧道二极管的伏安曲线。
图3是本申请提供的BLE第N信道的示意图。
图4是本申请实施例的另一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图5是本申请实施例的再一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图6是本申请实施例的再一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图7是本申请实施例的再一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请实施例的再一种电子标签的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请实施例的电子标签系统的示意性图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。针对本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应理解，本申请实施例可以应用于物联网领域，例如，电子标签系统包括电子标签、发射机和读卡器，可以基于电子标签系统实现电子标签的追踪和定位。具体地，电子标签作为一个独立的硬件，可以放置于要被追踪的物品上，如钱包，钥匙等，另外，电子标签也可以放置于一些需要被追踪的移动设备、人员或者动物上，以实现追踪和定位。
电子标签的性能评判主要有三个维度：1.使用寿命；2.读取距离；3.使用的便利性。电子标签的使用寿命受限于其电池使用时间，这里可充电电池不被视为增长电子标签使用寿命的方法。读取距离 是指在进行电子标签追踪时，读卡器与电子标签之间最大的可识别距离。使用便利性是指除了电子标签以外是否需要特殊硬件，或任何可能增大用户使用障碍的操作。如超高频射频标识(Ultra high frequency Radio Frequency Identification，UHF RFID)系统需要购买特殊的读卡器。又如采用蜂窝网络(如窄带物联网(Narrow Band Internet of Things，NB-IoT))的电子标签需要购买用户识别模块(Subscriber Identity Module，SIM)卡或者嵌入式SIM(Embedded-SIM，eSIM)卡并缴付通信费用。
理想化的电子标签使用寿命长，读取距离远，无需购买其他专业硬件和缴纳通讯费。下表1列举了UHF RFID，蓝牙电子标签，以及基于蜂窝网络的电子标签在使用寿命、读取距离、使用的便利性等三方面的优劣对比，可以看出，每种技术都有各自的优劣。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020085817-appb-000001
基于上述电子标签在使用寿命、读取距离、使用的便利性等三方面的优劣对比，本申请提出将反向散射技术应用于蓝牙BLE电子标签系统，并利用隧道二极管增加了读取距离，同时将集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备作为读卡器，从而满足用户对功耗，读取距离，使用便利性的要求。
下面将结合图1至图9，详细介绍本申请实施例的电子标签及其系统。
需要说明的是，为便于说明，在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。
图1是本申请实施例的电子标签100的示意性结构图。如图1所示，该电子标签100包括射频前端电路110，且该射频前端电路110包括天线111和隧道二极管112。
具体地，该电子标签100用于通过该天线111接收发射机发射的连续波(Continuous Wave，CW)信号，将该连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合BLE广播(BLE Advertising)的反射信号，利用该隧道二极管112增加该反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播该反射信号。
在本申请实施例中，电子标签通过天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号，利用隧道二极管增加反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播反射信号。相对蓝牙电子标签，本申请中的电子标签极大降低了功耗。相对比UHF RFID电子标签，本申请中的电子标签极大增加了读取距离。也就是说，本申请将反向散射技术应用于蓝牙BLE电子标签系统，并利用隧道二极管增加了读取距离，从而满足用户对功耗，读取距离，使用便利性的要求。
需要说明的是，反向散射是一种无须发射机而实现信号发射与调制编码的无线技术。也就是说，该电子标签100采用反向散射的方式即可调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号，并通过BLE向读卡器广播该反射信号，无需在该电子标签100中单独设置发射与调制编码模块。
可选地，该电子标签100可以通过切换天线111的匹配阻抗频率实现对反射信号的调制编码。
可选地，该反射信号采用调频调制(Frequency Shift Keying，FSK)，以符合BLE广播。
需要说明的是，隧道二极管112是一种利用砷化镓、锑化镓等混合材料制成的半导体二极管。隧道二极管112利用了量子力学中电子隧道效应，产生特殊的伏安曲线，如图2所示。在隧道二极管两侧施加电压，当电压V从V 1增加至V 2时，电流I从i 1降至i 2，也就是说，当电压为V 1至V 2之间时，电流会随电压的增加而减小，即电阻r＜0。因此出现了一种“负电阻”的现象。本申请正是利用了这种电子隧道效应，增长了电子标签的读取距离。
具体地，假设在图2中的V 1至V 2区间，隧道二极管112的负载阻值为-R L，其中R L为正数。在天线匹配中，其反射系数Γ可以如公式1所示，
Figure PCTCN2020085817-appb-000002
其中，Z A为天线阻抗，此处假设天线阻抗只含有实部，所以Z A＝R A。Z L为负载阻抗，Z L＝-R L，因此公式1变化为如下公式2。
Figure PCTCN2020085817-appb-000003
具体地，反射系数Γ大于1意味着反射信号大于接收信号，因此隧道二极管112对反射信号起到了放大作用。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该隧道二极管112工作在第一电压区间，其中，在该第一电压区间，该隧道二极管112的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。也就是说，该第一电压区间可以是如图2中，V 1与V 2之间形成的电压区间。
需要说明的是，BLE共分为40个信道(channel，CH)，分别记为CH 0至CH 39，每个信道带宽为2MHz。如图3所示，在BLE的第N信道，f c为此信道中心频率。当频率在f c-1MHz与f c-185KHz之间时，此信号被定义为“0”，当频率在f c+185KHz与f c+1MHz之间时，此信号被定义为“1”。另外，本申请实施例中用于发射BLE广播信号的信道可以为CH37(其对应的中心频率为2402MHz)，CH38(其对应的中心频率为2462MHz)，以及CH39(其对应的中心频率为2480MHz)。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该电子标签100包括振荡器120和微处理器130。
具体地，如图1所示，该振荡器120连接该射频前端电路110，该微处理器130连接该振荡器120；其中，该振荡器120用于产生第一频率f 1和第二频率f 2；该微处理器130通过控制该振荡器120所产生的频率，调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号。即微处理器130通过控制振荡器120的频率选取实现从数字信号向模拟信号的转化，数字信号“0”和“1”分别对应第一频率f 1和第二频率f 2。
可选地，该第一频率f 1和该第二频率f 2满足：370kHz＜|f 1-f 2|＜2MHz。
可选地，在f 1＜f 2的情况下，BLE广播的中心频率f c包括以下中的至少一种：
2402MHz、2462MHz、2480MHz。
换句话说，BLE广播的信道包括以下中的至少一种：
CH37、CH38、CH39。
可选地，该连续波信号的频率f 0满足：
在f 0＜f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0+f 1＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0+f 2＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz；
在f 0＞f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0-f 2＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0-f 1＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz。
可选地，该振荡器120的高电压V H和低电压V L满足：V 1＜V H＜V 2，V L＜V 2；
其中，在V 1与V 2之间形成的电压区间，该隧道二极管112的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。即V 1与V 2之间形成的电压区间可以是上述第一电压区间。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该射频前端电路110还包括第一电容器113，如图1所示，该第一电容器113的一端连接天线111，另一端连接隧道二极管112和振荡器120，以及该第一电容器113用于隔离直流。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，该电子标签100包括电源电路140和电源150，如图1所示，该电源电路140用于将该电源150的电量转化为该振荡器120和该微处理器130所需电压和电流。
可选地，该振荡器120和该微处理器130所需电压和电流也可以依靠通过该天线111接收到的射频能量提供。即无需在电子标签中额外设置电源，从而提升电子标签的使用寿命。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该射频前端电路110还包括第二电容器114和第三电容器115。具体地，如图4所示，该第二电容器114的一端连接天线111和隧道二极管112，该第二电容器114的另一端接地，以及该第二电容器114用于天线111与隧道二极管112的匹配；该第三电容器115的一端连接隧道二极管112和振荡器120，该第三电容器115的另一端接地，以及该第三电容器115用于隧道二极管112与振荡器120的匹配。
可选地，该射频前端电路110还包括扼流圈116，如图4所示，该扼流圈116的一端连接隧道二极管112，该扼流圈116的另一端连接振荡器120，以及该扼流圈116用于阻断涌向隧道二极管112的交流能量。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该电子标签100还包括唤醒电路160。具体地，该唤醒电路160用于唤醒处于睡眠状态的微处理器130，并通过微处理器130唤醒睡眠状态的振荡器120，和/或，该唤醒电路160用于触发微处理器130控制振荡器120进入睡眠状态，接着触发微处理器130进入睡眠状态。
需要说明的是，对于上述图1和图4所示的电子标签，振荡器120和微处理器130一直处于工作状态，其功耗较大。在电子标签100中设置唤醒电路160，可以使得振荡器120和微处理器130在一些场景下处于睡眠状态，以及在另一些场景下，通过唤醒电路160唤醒振荡器120和微处理器130。
可选地，该唤醒电路160包括整流器161，如图5所示，该整流器161的一端连接天线111，该 整流器161的另一端连接微处理器130，该整流器161用于将从天线111处接收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将该直流能量输出至微处理器130。具体地，在该直流能量大于预设值的情况下，处于睡眠状态的微处理器130被唤醒，且微处理器130唤醒振荡器120；在该直流能量小于或者等于预设值的情况下，微处理器130控制振荡器120进入睡眠状态，接着微处理器130进入睡眠状态。
可选地，该唤醒电路160包括整流器161和定时器162，如图6所示，该整流器161的一端连接天线111，该整流器161的另一端连接微处理器130，该整流器161用于将从天线111处接收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将该直流能量输出至微处理器130。具体地，在该直流能量大于预设值的情况下，启动或者重启该定时器，处于睡眠状态的微处理器130被唤醒，且微处理器130唤醒振荡器120；在该定时器超时的情况下，微处理器130控制振荡器120进入睡眠状态，接着，微处理器130进入睡眠状态。
需要说明的是，微处理器130被唤醒，随之微处理器130唤醒振荡器120并开始准备蓝牙BLE的反向散射调制。
可选地，该预设值通过微处理器130配置或者编程。换句话说，该预设值可以是实际应用中定义的值。整流器的二极管，电容的实际选取而灵活改变。
具体地，如图5和图6所示，该整流器161包括二极管1611和第四电容器1612，其中，该二极管1611的一端连接天线111，该二极管1611的另一端连接微处理器130和该第四电容器1612，该第四电容器1612的一端连接该二极管1611和微处理器130，该第四电容器1612的另一端接地。
需要说明的是，二极管1611和第四电容器1612可以根据实际需要灵活设置。
可选地，在一些实施例中，该电子标签100还包括蓝牙接收机170，该蓝牙接收机170用于接收蓝牙信号。相对于图1、图4、图5和图6所示的电子标签，本实施例具备接收蓝牙信号的能力。
可选地，如图7所示，该射频前端电路110还包括单刀双掷开关117，该单刀双掷开关117的一端连接天线111，在第一闭合模式下，该单刀双掷开关117的另一端连接蓝牙接收机170，在第二闭合模式下，该单刀双掷开关117的另一端连接隧道二极管112；其中，在该电子标签100需要接收蓝牙信号时，微处理器130控制该单刀双掷开关117工作在第一闭合模式，以及在该电子标签100需要广播该反射信号时，微处理器130控制该单刀双掷开关117工作在第二闭合模式。也就是说，蓝牙接收机170和反向散射装置共用天线111。
可选地，如图8所示，该电子标签100还包括蓝牙天线180，该蓝牙接收机170通过该蓝牙天线180接收蓝牙信号。
需要说明的是，如图8所示的电子标签采用双天线设计，相对于如图7所示的电子标签，节省单刀双掷开关原件，因此节省成本，无需微处理器控制天线切换，因此降低电路复杂度，并减小功耗。
因此，在本申请实施例中，电子标签通过天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合BLE广播的反射信号，利用隧道二极管增加反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播反射信号。也就是说，本申请将反向散射技术应用于蓝牙BLE电子标签系统，并利用隧道二极管增加了读取距离，从而满足用户对功耗，读取距离，使用便利性的要求。
图9是本申请实施例的电子标签系统的示意性图。如图9所示，该电子标签系统包括电子标签100、发射机200和读卡器300。
在电子标签系统中，发射机200发射连续波信号作为电子标签的载波信号。电子标签100通过改变其天线的负载匹配频率对反射信号实现符合BLE广播信号的FSK调制。电子标签100利用隧道二极管增加反射信号能量增长读取距离。读卡器300获取此反射信号，并解码，从而获得电子标签的信息，如标识(Identification，ID)。
可选地，在本申请实施例中，读卡器300可以是智能终端设备，即读卡器没有任何特殊硬件与软件要求。只需要智能终端集成蓝牙4.0及以上蓝牙收发机。也就是说，读卡器为集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备。例如，该读卡器可以是平板电脑、笔记本电脑、台式机电脑、手机、游戏设备、车载电子设备、智能家电或穿戴式智能设备等便携式或移动计算设备。另外，穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等设备。
需要说明的是，在一些实施例中，该电子标签100与该读卡器300之间也可以采用其他的无线方式进行通信，例如，采用的无线技术可以是2.4GHz、蓝牙、ZigBee、无线保真(Wireless-Fidelity，Wi-Fi)、3G、4G、5G通信、以及后续演进的无线通信技术等，另外也可以是一些其他的无线通信技术，本申请对此并不限定。
应理解，本申请实施例中的具体的例子只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例，而非限制本申请实施例的范围。
应理解，在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本申请实施例。例如，在本申请实施例和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“上述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。
应理解，本申请实施例的微处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述实施例的各步骤可以通过微处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的微处理器可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。微处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述步骤。
可以理解，本申请实施例的电子标签也可以包括存储器，存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的前提下，本申请描述的各个实施例和/或各个实施例中的技术特征可以任意的相互组合，组合之后得到的技术方案也应落入本申请的保护范围。
应理解，本申请实施例中的具体的例子只是为了帮助本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例，而非限制本申请实施例的范围，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形均落在本申请的保护范围内。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电子标签，其特征在于，包括：
    射频前端电路，包括天线和隧道二极管；其中，
    所述电子标签用于通过所述天线接收发射机发射的连续波信号，将所述连续波信号作为其载波信号，采用反向散射的方式调制生成符合蓝牙低功耗BLE广播的反射信号，利用所述隧道二极管增加所述反射信号的强度，以及通过BLE向读卡器广播所述反射信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述隧道二极管工作在第一电压区间，其中，在所述第一电压区间，所述隧道二极管的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述电子标签包括振荡器和微处理器，
    所述振荡器连接所述射频前端电路，所述微处理器连接所述振荡器；其中，
    所述振荡器用于产生第一频率f 1和第二频率f 2；
    所述微处理器通过控制所述振荡器所产生的频率，调制生成符合BLE广播的所述反射信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述第一频率f 1和所述第二频率f 2满足：
    370kHz＜|f 1-f 2|＜2MHz。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子标签，其特征在于，在f 1＜f 2的情况下，BLE广播的中心频率f c包括以下中的至少一种：
    2402MHz、2462MHz、2480MHz。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述连续波信号的频率f 0满足：
    在f 0＜f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0+f 1＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0+f 2＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz；
    在f 0＞f c的情况下，(f c-1)MHz＜f 0-f 2＜(f c-0.185)MHz，和/或，(f c+0.185)MHz＜f 0-f 1＜(f c+0.185+1)MHz。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，
    所述振荡器的高电压V H和低电压V L满足：V 1＜V H＜V 2，V L＜V 2；
    其中，在V 1与V 2之间形成的电压区间，所述隧道二极管的电流会着随电压的增加而减小。
  8. 根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述电子标签包括电源和电源电路，所述电源电路用于将所述电源的电量转化为所述振荡器和所述微处理器所需电压和电流。
  9. 根据权利要求3至7中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述振荡器和所述微处理器所需电压和电流依靠通过所述天线接收到的射频能量提供。
  10. 根据权利要求3至9中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述射频前端电路还包括第一电容器，其中，所述第一电容器的一端连接所述天线，另一端连接所述隧道二极管和所述振荡器，以及所述第一电容器用于隔离直流。
  11. 根据权利要求3至10中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述射频前端电路还包括第二电容器和第三电容器，其中，
    所述第二电容器的一端连接所述天线和所述隧道二极管，所述第二电容器的另一端接地，以及所述第二电容器用于所述天线与所述隧道二极管的匹配；
    所述第三电容器的一端连接所述隧道二极管和所述振荡器，所述第三电容器的另一端接地，以及所述第三电容器用于所述隧道二极管与所述振荡器的匹配。
  12. 根据权利要求3至11中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述射频前端电路还包括扼流圈，其中，所述扼流圈的一端连接所述隧道二极管，所述扼流圈的另一端连接所述振荡器，以及所述扼流圈用于阻断涌向所述隧道二极管的交流能量。
  13. 根据权利要求3至12中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述电子标签还包括唤醒电路，其中，所述唤醒电路用于唤醒处于睡眠状态的所述微处理器，并通过所述微处理器唤醒睡眠状态的所述振荡器，和/或，所述唤醒电路用于触发所述微处理器控制所述振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着触发所述微处理器进入睡眠状态。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述唤醒电路包括整流器，其中，
    所述整流器的一端连接所述天线，所述整流器的另一端连接所述微处理器，所述整流器用于将从所述天线处接收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将所述直流能量输出至所述微处理器；
    在所述直流能量大于预设值的情况下，处于睡眠状态的所述微处理器被唤醒，且所述微处理器唤醒所述振荡器；
    在所述直流能量小于或者等于预设值的情况下，所述微处理器控制所述振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着所述微处理器进入睡眠状态。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述唤醒电路包括整流器和定时器，其中，
    所述整流器的一端连接所述天线，所述整流器的另一端连接所述微处理器，所述整流器用于将从所述天线处接收的射频交流能量转化为直流能量，并将所述直流能量输出至所述微处理器；
    在所述直流能量大于预设值的情况下，启动或者重启所述定时器，处于睡眠状态的所述微处理器被唤醒，且所述微处理器唤醒所述振荡器；在所述定时器超时的情况下，所述微处理器控制所述振荡器进入睡眠状态，接着所述微处理器进入睡眠状态。
  16. 根据权利要求14或15所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述预设值通过所述微处理器配置。
  17. 根据权利要求14至16中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述整流器包括二极管和第四电容器，其中，所述二极管的一端连接所述天线，所述二极管的另一端连接所述微处理器和所述第四电容器，所述第四电容器的一端连接所述二极管和所述微处理器，所述第四电容器的另一端接地。
  18. 根据权利要求3至17中任一项所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述电子标签还包括蓝牙接收机，所述蓝牙接收机用于接收蓝牙信号。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述射频前端电路还包括单刀双掷开关，所述单刀双掷开关的一端连接所述天线，在第一闭合模式下，所述单刀双掷开关的另一端连接所述蓝牙接收机，在第二闭合模式下，所述单刀双掷开关的另一端连接所述隧道二极管；
    其中，在所述电子标签需要接收蓝牙信号时，所述微处理器控制所述单刀双掷开关工作在第一闭合模式，以及在所述电子标签需要广播所述反射信号时，所述微处理器控制所述单刀双掷开关工作在第二闭合模式。
  20. 根据权利要求18所述的电子标签，其特征在于，所述电子标签还包括蓝牙天线，所述蓝牙接收机通过所述蓝牙天线接收蓝牙信号。
  21. 一种电子标签系统，其特征在于，包括：
    发射机和读卡器；以及
    权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电子标签。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的电子标签系统，其特征在于，所述读卡器为集成有蓝牙收发模块的智能终端设备。
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