WO2021197004A1 - 发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021197004A1
WO2021197004A1 PCT/CN2021/079932 CN2021079932W WO2021197004A1 WO 2021197004 A1 WO2021197004 A1 WO 2021197004A1 CN 2021079932 W CN2021079932 W CN 2021079932W WO 2021197004 A1 WO2021197004 A1 WO 2021197004A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network device
address
next hop
destination
routing
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PCT/CN2021/079932
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王海波
庄顺万
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to JP2022559721A priority Critical patent/JP2023519999A/ja
Priority to MX2022012264A priority patent/MX2022012264A/es
Priority to BR112022019788A priority patent/BR112022019788A2/pt
Priority to EP21779882.6A priority patent/EP4117239A4/en
Publication of WO2021197004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021197004A1/zh
Priority to US17/957,922 priority patent/US20230024814A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74Address processing for routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22Alternate routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/38Flow based routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/56Routing software
    • H04L45/566Routing instructions carried by the data packet, e.g. active networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing

Definitions

  • the field of communications technology relates to a method, device, device, and storage medium for sending routing and processing routing.
  • VPN Virtual Private Network
  • PE Provide Edge
  • CE Customer Edge
  • the CE1 device is dual-homed to the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the PE3 device is the neighbor device of the PE1 device and the PE2 device, and the CE2 device is connected to the PE3 device.
  • the PE1 device and the PE2 device are used as a pair of dual-homed PE devices, and the same loopback address can be deployed as a shared address in a manner such as anycast.
  • the PE1 and PE2 devices can use the shared address as the next hop address and advertise routes.
  • the PE3 device generates a forwarding entry after receiving the routes advertised by the PE1 device and the PE2 device, so that when forwarding the traffic sent by the CE2 device to the CE1 device, the PE3 device can use the shared address to find a route or tunnel, so as to realize the traffic on the PE1 device. Sharing with PE2 equipment.
  • the traffic should be updated to be borne by the PE2 device.
  • the PE2 device uses the same shared address as the PE1 device, this leads to even if the PE1 device cancels the route , But the next hop of the forwarding entry is still the shared address, so the PE3 device will still forward the traffic to the PE1 device.
  • the backup next hop of the local forwarding entry should be searched, but the backup next hop is actually the shared address of the PE2 device.
  • the PE1 device will find that the next hop is the PE1 device itself
  • the deployment of the shared address causes problems in the routing calculation of the PE1 device, which makes it difficult for the traffic to be forwarded normally.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, device, and storage medium for sending and processing routing. By carrying both the primary next hop and the backup next hop address in the routing, the normal forwarding of packets in the network can be ensured. .
  • a method for sending a route is provided.
  • a first network device sends first routing information of a destination network device, where the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first primary destination address, and a first primary destination address.
  • the hop address and the first backup next hop address the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device, the first primary next hop address includes the common address of the first network device and the second network device, and the first backup next hop
  • the address includes the address of the first network device.
  • the target network device may be a CE device or a user equipment connected to the CE device, and the first network device and the second network device may be two PE devices dual-homed to the CE device.
  • the address type used as the backup next hop may be an Internet Protocol (IP) address, that is, the first backup next hop address may be the IP address of the first network device.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the type of the common address or the type of the alternate next hop address can also be other address types, and the type of the common address and the type of the alternate next hop address may be different, or, in some cases, the common address
  • the type and the type of the alternate next hop address are also allowed to be the same, but at least they can be distinguished in some way, such as different specific content or values, such as two loopback addresses with different values, or different distinguishing identifiers.
  • the address of the destination network device may be the IP address of the destination network device.
  • the destination address in the first routing information of the destination network device is the first destination address (that is, the address of the destination network device), and the next hop address in the first routing information includes the first primary next hop The address (that is, the common address of the first network device and the second network device), and also includes the first standby next hop address (that is, the address of the first network device).
  • the first routing information includes the first primary next hop The address (that is, the common address of the first network device and the second network device), and also includes the first standby next hop address (that is, the address of the first network device).
  • other network devices that receive the first routing information can not only store the common address of the first network device and the second network device, but also store the address of the first network device, so that there is a connection between the second network device and the destination network device.
  • other network devices can directly forward packets to the first network device according to the first standby next hop address, so as to ensure the normal operation of the network.
  • the first primary next hop address and the first backup next hop address can be carried in one route.
  • the first primary next hop address is carried in the first attribute field of the first Border Gateway Protocol (Border Gateway Protocol, BGP) route
  • the first backup next hop address is carried in the first BGP route.
  • the second attribute field of the route For example, the first primary next hop address is carried in the next hop field of the first BGP route, and the first backup next hop address is carried in the extended community attribute field of the first BGP route, so that two different fields are used. To distinguish between the primary next hop and the backup next hop.
  • the primary next hop and the backup next hop are obtained, and combined with the existing routing learning mechanism, the respective use times of the primary next hop and the backup next hop are determined.
  • the first routing information can also be carried in two routes and advertised separately.
  • one route carries the address of the destination network device and the first primary next hop address
  • the other The route carries the address of the destination network device and the first alternate next hop address.
  • the two routes may carry identification bits respectively, so that the network device as the receiver can distinguish between the primary and secondary addresses.
  • the identification bit may not be carried, but the distinction is made according to the different characteristics of the main and standby addresses.
  • the first network device may send the first routing information of the destination network device to the second network device and the third network device.
  • the third network device may be, for example, a remote BGP neighbor device of the first network device.
  • the first network device receives the second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device to generate a routing forwarding table entry, the destination address of the routing forwarding table entry is the address of the destination network device, and the routing forwarding table
  • the alternate next hop of the item is the second alternate next hop address.
  • the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address, the second destination address contains the address of the destination network device, and the second primary next hop address contains the common Address, the second backup next hop address includes the address of the second network device.
  • the first network device after the first network device receives the second routing information issued by the second network device, it can find that both itself and the second network device are connected to the destination network device, and the first network device can therefore know that it is connected to the destination network device.
  • the first network device is a dual-homing device of the destination network device.
  • the first network device may locally establish a routing and forwarding entry, such as a Fast Reroute (FRR) forwarding entry, and the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the second alternate next hop address.
  • FRR Fast Reroute
  • the first network device can use the second alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry, that is, according to the address of the second network device, it will need to send
  • the message destined for the destination network device is directly forwarded to the second network device, and then the second network device forwards the message to the destination network device, so that the normal forwarding of the message can be ensured.
  • the first network device receives a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device from the second network device, and then sends the third routing information of the destination network device according to the de-routing message.
  • the first network device After the first network device receives the route cancellation message from the second network device, it can determine that the dual-homing relationship between itself and the second network device no longer exists. At this time, the first network device can update the route advertised by itself, that is, it can send to the destination network. The third routing information of the device.
  • the third routing information includes the first destination address, and the third routing information is used to instruct the third network device to use the first alternate next hop address as the next hop address to the destination network device.
  • the third routing information may only include the first backup next hop address, that is, the address of the first network device, but does not include the first primary next hop address.
  • the third routing information includes the first alternate next hop address, and the first alternate next hop address is carried in the next hop field of the third routing information.
  • the remote third network device that receives the third routing information can determine that the first backup next hop address should be used as the destination network based on the third routing information including only the first backup next hop address
  • the next hop address of the device is no longer used as the first primary next hop address, that is, the common address of the first network device and the second network device is no longer used as the next hop.
  • the third routing information may include both the first standby next hop address and the first active next hop address, but the indication bit indicates that the first active next hop address is currently Unavailable, the remote third network device that receives the third routing information can determine that the first standby should be used based on the fact that the first primary next hop address is unavailable and the first backup next hop address is available The next hop address is used as the next hop address to reach the destination network device.
  • the first network device after receiving the routing cancellation message sent by the second network device, the first network device knows that the destination network device cannot be reached through the second network device at this time. Therefore, the first network device can also delete the second alternate next hop address in the local routing and forwarding entry (such as the FRR entry) according to the routing cancellation message, so as to avoid forwarding the message sent to the destination network device to the second
  • the network equipment is unreachable, thereby ensuring the robustness of the network operation.
  • the first network device receives the packet sent by the third network device to the destination network device. That is to say, the first network device can receive a message whose destination address is the address of the destination network device sent by the third network device. After that, the first network device can forward the message according to the local routing and forwarding entry, for example, directly forward the message to the destination network device, or send the message to the destination network device according to the connection failure between the first network device and the destination network device The message is forwarded to the second network device.
  • a device for sending a route is provided, and the device for sending a route has the function provided by the method in the foregoing first aspect or any optional manner of the first aspect.
  • the device for sending routing includes at least one module, and the at least one module is configured to implement the routing method provided in the foregoing first aspect or any optional manner of the first aspect.
  • the at least one module may be a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • a network device in a third aspect, includes a processor.
  • the processor is configured to execute a computer program to implement the foregoing first aspect or the routing method provided in any optional manner of the first aspect.
  • the network device may further include a memory in which the computer program is stored, and the data involved in the routing method used to implement the first aspect or any optional manner of the first aspect is stored.
  • the network device may further include a transceiver, and the transceiver is configured to receive or transmit the data involved in the routing method provided in the foregoing first aspect or any optional manner of the first aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the first aspect or any of the optional methods of the first aspect. The described routing method.
  • a computer program product containing instructions, which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the routing method described in the first aspect or any optional manner of the first aspect.
  • a method for processing routing is provided.
  • the third network device receives the first routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, and receives the second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device. After that, according to the first routing information and the second routing information received, the third network device uses the common address as the next hop address to send the first message to the destination network device.
  • the target network device may be a CE device or a user equipment connected to the CE device
  • the first network device and the second network device may be two PE devices dual-homed to the CE device
  • the third network device may It is a remote PE device, and the remote PE device is connected to the first network device and the second network device through the BGP protocol.
  • the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first active next hop address, and a first backup next hop address, the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device, and the first active next hop address includes the first network The common address of the device and the second network device, and the first standby next hop address includes the address of the first network device.
  • the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address, the second destination address includes the address of the destination network device, and the second primary next hop address includes a common address, The second alternate next hop address includes the address of the second network device.
  • the first primary next hop address, the second primary next hop address, the first backup next hop address, and the second backup next hop address please refer to the aforementioned first aspect. The corresponding description will not be repeated here.
  • the third network device determines that it has received the double route of the destination network device. Therefore, for the packet that needs to be sent to the destination network device, the third network device The device can then use the common address as the next hop address to forward to the destination network device, thereby achieving load sharing.
  • the third network device may generate a routing and forwarding entry in the third network device according to the received first routing information and the second routing information, and the purpose of the routing and forwarding entry in the third network device is The address is the address of the destination network device, and the next hop is the common address.
  • the third network device sends the first packet to the destination network device according to the next hop of the routing and forwarding entry.
  • the third network device may use the common address as the next hop query forwarding entry, and send the first message to the destination network device according to the forwarding entry; or the third network device may use the common address
  • the next hop iterative tunnel the first packet is sent to the destination network device according to the tunnel information of the tunnel.
  • the third network device sends the first packet to the first network device or the second network device according to the load sharing strategy, and the first network device or the second network device forwards the first packet to the destination network device .
  • the third network device may receive the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device and receive the second routing information of the destination network device sent by the second network device.
  • the destination addresses in the first routing information and the second routing information are both addresses of the destination network device.
  • the next hop address in the first routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the first network device.
  • the next hop address in the second routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the second network device.
  • the third network device can not only store the common address, but also store the address of the first network device and the address of the second network device, thereby facilitating the third network device in one network of the first network device and the second network device.
  • the first routing information and the second routing information can be carried in one route respectively, or the first active next hop and the first backup next hop in the first routing information can be carried in two routes respectively, and the second The second primary next hop and the second backup next hop in the routing information are respectively carried in two routes.
  • the first routing information and the second routing information can be carried in one route respectively, or the first active next hop and the first backup next hop in the first routing information can be carried in two routes respectively, and the second The second primary next hop and the second backup next hop in the routing information are respectively carried in two routes.
  • the third network device receives from the second network device a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device.
  • the route cancellation message is used to notify the cancellation of the route to the destination network device.
  • the third network device knows that the packet cannot be forwarded to the destination network device via the second network device, and therefore uses the first alternate next hop address to send the second packet to the destination network device.
  • the third network device when the third network device receives the routing cancellation message from the second network device, it can update the routing forwarding table entry according to the routing cancellation message, the destination address of the routing forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device, and the routing The next hop of the forwarding entry is the address of the first network device, such as the IP address of the first network device. That is, the third network device no longer sends the second packet to the destination network device according to the common address of the first network device and the second network device at this time. In this case, the third network device forwards the second packet to the first network device, and the first network device forwards the second packet to the destination network device, so that the normal forwarding of the packet can be ensured.
  • the third network device forwards the second packet to the first network device, and the first network device forwards the second packet to the destination network device, so that the normal forwarding of the packet can be ensured.
  • the third network device receives the third routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, and the third routing information is used to instruct the third network device to use the first alternate next hop address as the destination. The next hop address of the network device. After that, the third network device uses the first alternate next hop address to send the second packet to the destination network device according to the third routing information. The third routing information is sent after the first network device receives the route cancellation message sent by the second network device.
  • the third network device when the third network device receives the third routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, it may update the routing forwarding table entry according to the third routing information, and the destination address of the routing forwarding table entry is the destination network The address of the device. The next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the first network device. Similar to the first method, the third network device forwards the second packet to the first network device, and the first network device The second message is forwarded to the destination network device, so that the normal forwarding of the message can be ensured.
  • the notification manner of the third routing information refer to the corresponding description of the first aspect, which is not repeated here.
  • the third network device After the third network device receives the routing cancellation message sent by the second network device or the third routing information sent by the first network device, it can determine that the message can only be sent to the destination network device through the first network device. Therefore, The address of the first network device is used directly, for example, the IP address forwards the message that needs to be sent to the destination network device, instead of using the common address, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the service. Understandably, in a situation, the third network device supports both route learning and route cancellation, and the third network device can use the first network device according to any one of the received route cancellation message and the third routing information. The address is used as the next hop to forward the message.
  • the third network device may not support route cancellation, and the third network device can at least learn the route according to the received third routing information, so as to ensure that the third network device can communicate with the destination of the second network device.
  • the address of the first network device is used as the next jump to send the message. That is, the network provides two ways of sending the revocation routing message and the third routing information at the same time, so that even if the third network device does not support route revocation, it can at least determine to use the address of the first device to forward the message by learning the route. The opportunity to improve the versatility and robustness of the network operating mechanism.
  • a device for processing routing is provided, and the device for processing routing has the function provided by the method in the foregoing sixth aspect or any optional manner of the sixth aspect.
  • the apparatus for processing routing includes at least one module, and the at least one module is configured to implement the routing routing method provided in the sixth aspect or any optional manner of the sixth aspect described above.
  • the at least one module may be a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • a network device in an eighth aspect, includes a processor.
  • the processor is configured to execute a computer program to implement the above-mentioned sixth aspect or the method for processing routing provided in any optional manner of the sixth aspect.
  • the network device may further include a memory in which the computer program is stored, and data involved in the method for processing routing described in any optional manner of the sixth aspect or the sixth aspect is stored.
  • the network device may further include a transceiver, and the transceiver is configured to receive or transmit data involved in the routing processing method provided in the sixth aspect or any optional manner of the sixth aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the sixth aspect or any optional manner of the sixth aspect The described method of processing routing.
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when running on a computer, causes the computer to execute the routing processing method described in the sixth aspect or any optional manner of the sixth aspect.
  • a method for processing routing is provided.
  • the second network device receives the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device, and generates a routing forwarding table entry.
  • the destination address of the routing forwarding table entry is the address of the destination network device.
  • the alternate next hop is the first alternate next hop address.
  • the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first active next hop address, and a first backup next hop address, the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device, and the first active next hop address includes the first network The common address of the device and the second network device, and the first standby next hop address includes the address of the first network device.
  • the second network device can use the alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry (such as the FRR forwarding entry), that is, based on The address of the first network device directly forwards the message that needs to be sent to the destination network device to the first network device, and then the first network device forwards the message to the destination network device, thereby ensuring the normal forwarding of the message.
  • the routing forwarding entry such as the FRR forwarding entry
  • the second network device may send the second routing information of the target network device.
  • the second network device may send the second routing information of the target network device to the first network device and the third network device.
  • the third network device may be, for example, a BGP neighbor device of the second network device, such as a remote PE device.
  • the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address, the second destination address includes the address of the destination network device, and the second primary next hop address includes a common address, The second alternate next hop address includes the address of the second network device.
  • the second primary next hop address, and the second backup next hop address refer to the corresponding description in the foregoing first aspect, which is not repeated here.
  • the second network device sends to the first network device and the third network device a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device.
  • the withdraw route message is used to indicate that the previously advertised route is no longer reachable.
  • the withdraw routing message sent by the second network device is used to withdraw the previously sent second routing information of the destination network device, for example, indicating that the second routing information needs to be deleted.
  • the connection failure that occurs between the second network device and the destination network device may include an interface failure of the second network device, a link failure between the second network device and the destination network device, and the like.
  • a connection failure occurs between the second network device and the destination network device, the packet transmission path between the second network device and the destination network device is blocked. Therefore, the second network device can send a cancel routing message to cancel the previously sent second network device. Routing information.
  • the first network device that has a dual-homing relationship with the second network device can delete or temporarily shield the backup next hop in the local forwarding entry according to the routing cancellation message after receiving the routing cancellation message.
  • Information, the information of the backup next hop is the address of the second network device, such as an IP address.
  • the remote third network device can determine based on the routing cancellation message that the message cannot be forwarded to the destination network device via the second network device, so it switches to using the address of the first network device. Such as the IP address, forward the message that should be sent to the destination network device, so as to ensure the normal operation of the business.
  • the third network device determines that a connection failure between the second network device and the destination network device has occurred through route withdrawal or route learning, and there may still be a period of time before the address of the first network device is used to forward the message.
  • the common address of the first network device and the second network device is used to forward the message. Therefore, when the connection between the second network device and the destination network device fails, it is still possible to receive the third network device and send it to the destination network device.
  • the second network device can forward the message to the first network device according to the alternate next hop of the local routing forwarding entry, and then the first network device forwards the message to the destination network device, thereby ensuring Normal forwarding of packets.
  • a device for sending a route is provided, and the device for processing a route has the function provided by the method in any optional manner of the eleventh aspect or the eleventh aspect.
  • the device for processing routing includes at least one module, and the at least one module is configured to implement the routing routing method provided in any optional manner of the eleventh aspect or the eleventh aspect.
  • the at least one module may be a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware.
  • a network device in a thirteenth aspect, includes a processor.
  • the processor is configured to execute a computer program to implement the routing method provided in any optional manner of the eleventh aspect or the eleventh aspect.
  • the network device may further include a memory in which the computer program is stored, and the storage is used to implement the method for sending routing according to any optional manner of the eleventh aspect or the eleventh aspect.
  • the data may further include a transceiver, and the transceiver is configured to receive or transmit the data involved in the routing method provided in any optional manner of the eleventh aspect or the eleventh aspect.
  • a computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to execute the method for processing routing described in the eleventh aspect. .
  • a computer program product containing instructions which when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the method for processing routing described in the eleventh aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a route publishing process provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a route cancellation process provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of another network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another network system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for sending a route according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for processing routing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of another method for processing routing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for sending routes according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for processing routing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another device for processing routing provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another network device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network system involved in the embodiment of the present application includes a first network device and a second network device respectively connected to the target network device.
  • the destination network device is a network device that receives service traffic through the first network device and the second network device.
  • the destination network device may be directly connected to the first network device and the second network device, for example, it may be a CE device, and the CE device is dual-homed connected to the first network device and the second network device that are PE devices.
  • the destination network device may also be indirectly connected to the first network device and the second network device.
  • the destination network device is a user equipment connected to the CE device, and the traffic sent to the user equipment can pass The first network device or the second network device is sent to the CE device, and is forwarded by the CE device to the user equipment.
  • the network system may also include a third network device, which is connected to the first network device and the second network device.
  • the third network device may also be a PE device and act as a Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) neighboring devices of the first network device and the second network device.
  • BGP Border Gateway Protocol
  • the first network device, the second network device, and the third network device may all be devices with a data forwarding function, such as switches, routers, and so on.
  • the destination network device can be a device with a data forwarding function, or a user terminal device.
  • the types of the destination network device, the first network device, the second network device, and the third network device may be the same or different.
  • the next step is to take the target network device as the CE1 device, the first network device as the PE1 device, the second network device as the PE2 device, and the third network device as the PE3 device as an example. illustrate.
  • the network system shown in FIG. 1 can be used as an application scenario of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the network system includes PE1 equipment and PE2 equipment respectively connected to CE1 equipment. That is, the CE1 device is dual-homed to the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • PE1 and PE2 are BGP neighboring devices.
  • the network system also includes PE3 equipment, which is the BGP neighbor equipment of PE1 equipment and PE2 equipment.
  • Other CE devices CE2 devices as shown in Figure 1 can be connected to PE3 devices.
  • the PE1 device can send the first routing information of the CE1 device to its neighbor devices, including the PE2 device and the PE3 device.
  • the PE2 device may also send the second routing information of the CE1 device to its neighbor devices, including the PE1 device and the PE3 device.
  • the routing information of the CE1 device can be used to indicate the packet transmission path to the CE1 device, that is, receiving the routing information of the CE1 device can determine the packet transmission path to the CE1 device.
  • the routing information of the CE1 device can include the destination address and the next hop address.
  • the destination address in the first routing information is the address of the CE1 device, and the next hop address is the address of the PE1 device.
  • the destination address in the second routing information is also the address of the CE1 device, and the next hop address is the address of the PE2 device.
  • the destination network device takes the destination network device as the CE1 device as an example, so the destination address carried in the routing information is the address of the CE device, which may specifically be an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
  • the destination network device may also be other devices connected to the CE1 device, such as a user-side network device, a user host, and so on.
  • the destination network device is a user-side network device
  • the destination address may be the IP address of the user-side network device.
  • the destination network device is a user host
  • the destination address can be the IP address of a certain user host or a routing prefix.
  • the routing prefix is a network segment address covering part or all of multiple user hosts.
  • a user host is connected to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device When the PE3 device receives a packet sent by the CE2 device to the CE1 device, it can forward the packet to the PE1 device and PE2 along the corresponding packet transmission path according to the received first routing information and the second routing information. equipment. After the PE1 device receives the packet sent by the PE3 device to the CE1 device, it can forward the packet to the CE1 device according to the packet transmission path. Similarly, after the PE2 device receives the packet sent by the PE3 device to the CE1 device, it can forward the packet to the CE1 device according to the packet transmission path.
  • the PE1 device and the PE2 device are dual-homed PEs, and they can use a shared common address when advertising routing information, such as the same loopback address, as the next hop in the routing information, so that it can receive the The PE3 device of the routing information realizes the load sharing of the traffic according to the same address.
  • adopting this method will cause the PE3 device to still forward traffic packets to the PE1 device, causing problems in the routing calculation of the PE1 device. As a result, the message is difficult to forward normally.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a method for sending routing and a method for processing routing.
  • the corresponding method can be applied to the network system shown in FIG. The problem of forwarding.
  • Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a route publishing process provided by an embodiment of the present application. Referring to Figure 2, the process includes:
  • the PE1 device sends the first routing information of the CE1 device.
  • the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first active next hop address, and a first backup next hop address.
  • the first destination address includes the address of the CE1 device
  • the first active next hop address includes the PE1 device and PE2.
  • the common address of the device, the first alternate next hop address includes the address of the PE1 device.
  • the PE1 device and the PE2 device as a pair of dual-homing network devices can be deployed with a common address, which can be a loopback address.
  • the address type used as the backup next hop may be an IP address, that is, the first backup next hop address may be the IP address of the PE1 device.
  • the type of the common address or the type of the alternate next hop address can also be other address types, and the type of the common address and the type of the alternate next hop address may be different, or, in some cases, the common address
  • the type of and the type of the alternate next hop address are also allowed to be the same, but at least they can be distinguished in some way, such as different specific content or values, or different distinguishing identifiers.
  • the address of the CE1 device can be the IP address of the CE1 device.
  • the destination address in the first routing information of the CE1 device is the first destination address (that is, the address of the CE1 device), and the next hop address in the first routing information includes the first primary next hop address (That is, the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device), and also includes the first standby next hop address (that is, the address of the PE1 device).
  • the first primary next hop address That is, the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device
  • the first standby next hop address that is, the address of the PE1 device.
  • other network devices that receive the first routing information can not only store the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device, but also store the address of the PE1 device, so that other network devices can be easily connected when the PE2 device and the CE1 device fail to connect.
  • the message is normally forwarded directly according to the first alternate next hop address.
  • the first routing information may be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the route type as BGP route as an example for description.
  • the first destination address may be carried in the destination address field of the first BGP route.
  • the first primary next hop address and the first backup next hop address can be carried in different attribute fields, that is, the first primary next hop address is carried in the first attribute field of the first BGP route ,
  • the first alternate next hop address is carried in the second attribute field of the first BGP route.
  • the first primary next hop address is carried in the next hop field of the first BGP route
  • the first backup next hop address is carried in the extended communities attribute field of the first BGP route. In this way, two Different fields are used to distinguish between the primary next hop and the backup next hop.
  • both the first primary next hop address and the first backup next hop address can be carried in the same field, and the primary next hop and the backup next hop are distinguished by the indicator bit, and the indicator bit can be used to indicate whether the receiver needs to use the primary next hop or the backup next hop to send the message.
  • the first destination address may be carried in the destination address field of the two BGP routes, respectively.
  • the first primary next hop address can be carried in the next hop field of a BGP route
  • the first backup next hop address can be carried in the next hop field of another BGP route.
  • the two BGP routes can be added
  • the indicator bits indicate the primary next hop and the backup next hop.
  • the indicator bit can include one bit or multiple bits. When the indicator bit is one bit, the primary next hop and the backup next hop can be distinguished by setting 0 and 1; when the indicator bit is multiple bits, the primary next hop and the backup next hop can be distinguished by different priority values Standby next hop.
  • the PE1 device When the PE1 device sends the first routing information of the CE1 device, it can send the first routing information of the CE1 device to its neighboring devices. For example, it can send the first routing information of the CE1 device to the PE2 device and the PE3 device.
  • the PE2 device receives the first routing information of the CE1 device from the PE1 device, and generates a routing forwarding entry.
  • the destination address of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device, and the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the first alternate next hop address.
  • the PE2 device After the PE2 device receives the first routing information of the CE1 device from the PE1 device, it can determine that it has a dual-homing relationship with the PE1 device, and then it can be determined that the CE1 device is dual-homing to itself and the PE1 device.
  • the PE2 device In the Layer 2 forwarding scenario, when the PE2 device has the same Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI) as the PE1 device, it can determine that it has a dual-homing relationship with the PE1 device.
  • ESI Ethernet Segment Identifier
  • the PE2 device When the PE2 device determines that there is a dual-homing relationship between itself and the PE1 device, it can directly generate a routing forwarding entry based on the first alternate next hop address in the first routing information of the CE1 device sent by the PE1 device, that is, directly based on the address of the PE1 device Generate routing and forwarding entries.
  • the destination address in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device
  • the primary next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device
  • the alternate next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is PE1 The address of the device.
  • the routing and forwarding entry can be used to guide packet forwarding when a link failure occurs between the CE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the route forwarding table item may be a fast reroute (Fast Reroute, FRR) table item, etc.
  • the PE2 device can use the alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry, that is, according to the address of the PE1 device, it will need to send to the CE1 device.
  • the message is directly forwarded to the PE1 device, and then the PE1 device forwards the message to the CE1 device, thereby ensuring the normal forwarding of the message.
  • the PE2 device can not only receive the first routing information of the CE1 device sent by the PE1 device, it can also send the second routing information of the CE1 device, as described in operation 203 below.
  • the PE2 device sends the second routing information of the CE1 device.
  • the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address.
  • the second destination address includes the address of the CE1 device
  • the second primary next hop address includes the PE1 device and PE2.
  • the common address of the device, and the second alternate next hop address includes the address of the PE2 device.
  • the destination address in the second routing information of the CE1 device is the second destination address (that is, the address of the CE1 device), and the next hop address in the second routing information includes the second primary next hop address (That is, the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device), and also includes the second standby next hop address (that is, the address of the PE2 device).
  • the second routing information includes the second primary next hop address (That is, the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device), and also includes the second standby next hop address (that is, the address of the PE2 device).
  • other network devices that receive the second routing information can not only store the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device, but also store the address of the PE2 device, so that other network devices can be easily connected when the PE1 device and the CE1 device have a connection failure.
  • the message is normally forwarded directly according to the second alternate next hop address.
  • Both the address of the CE1 device and the alternate next hop address of the PE2 device may be IP addresses, or may also be other
  • the second routing information may be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the route type as BGP route as an example for description.
  • the second destination address may be carried in the destination address field of the second BGP route.
  • the second primary next hop address and the second backup next hop address can be carried in different attribute fields, that is, the second primary next hop address is carried in the third attribute field of the second BGP route ,
  • the second alternate next hop address is carried in the fourth attribute field of the first BGP route.
  • the second primary next hop address is carried in the next hop field of the second BGP route
  • the second backup next hop address is carried in the extended community attribute field of the second BGP route. In this way, two different fields are used. Distinguish between the primary next hop and the backup next hop.
  • both the first primary next hop address and the first backup next hop address can be carried in the same field, and an indicator bit is added to distinguish the primary Next hop and backup next hop, and in some cases, the indication bit can be used to indicate whether the receiver needs to use the primary next hop or the backup next hop to send the message.
  • the second destination addresses can be carried in the destination address fields of the two BGP routes, respectively.
  • the second primary next hop address can be carried in the next hop field of one BGP route
  • the second backup next hop address can be carried in the next hop field of another BGP route.
  • the two BGP routes can be added
  • the indicator bits indicate the primary next hop and the backup next hop.
  • the indicator bit can include one bit or multiple bits. When the indicator bit is one bit, the primary next hop and the backup next hop can be distinguished by setting 0 and 1; when the indicator bit is multiple bits, the primary next hop and the backup next hop can be distinguished by different priority values Standby next hop.
  • the PE2 device When the PE2 device sends the second routing information of the CE1 device, it can send the second routing information of the CE1 device to its neighboring devices. For example, it can send the second routing information of the CE1 device to the PE1 device and the PE3 device.
  • the PE1 device receives the second routing information of the CE1 device from the PE2 device, and generates a routing forwarding entry.
  • PE1 device generating routing and forwarding entries in PE1 device according to the second routing information refer to the description of PE2 device generating routing and forwarding entries in PE2 device according to the first routing information in 202, which will not be repeated here. .
  • the PE3 device receives the first routing information of the CE1 device from the PE1 device and the second routing information of the CE1 device from the PE2 device, and according to the received first routing information and the second routing information, Use the common address as the next hop address to send the first message to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device determines that it has received the double route of the CE1 device. At this time, the PE3 device can use the first packet that needs to be sent to the CE1 device. The common address is used as the next hop address to send the first message to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device may generate a routing and forwarding entry in the PE3 device according to the received first routing information and the second routing information, and the destination address of the routing and forwarding entry in the PE3 device is the address of the CE1 device , And the next hop is the common address.
  • the PE3 device sends the first packet to the CE1 device according to the next hop of the routing and forwarding entry.
  • the PE3 device may find out the interface according to the common address and perform packet forwarding, or the PE3 device may perform tunnel iteration based on the common address to determine corresponding tunnel information to forward the packet.
  • the PE3 device sends the first packet to the PE1 device or the PE2 device according to the load sharing strategy, and the PE1 device or the PE2 device forwards the first packet to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device may receive the first routing information of the CE1 device sent by the PE1 device and receive the second routing information of the CE1 device sent by the PE2 device.
  • the destination addresses in the first routing information and the second routing information are both addresses of the CE1 device.
  • the next hop address in the first routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the PE1 device.
  • the next hop address in the second routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the PE2 device.
  • the PE3 device can not only store the common address, but also the address of the PE1 device and the address of the PE2 device, so that the PE3 device can directly connect to the CE1 device when a connection failure occurs between the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the packet is forwarded normally according to the address of another PE device.
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a route cancellation process provided by an embodiment of the present application. See Figure 3, the process includes:
  • the PE2 device According to a connection failure between the PE2 device and the CE1 device, the PE2 device sends to the PE1 device and the PE3 device a de-routing message for de-routing the CE1 device.
  • the withdraw route message is used to indicate that the previously advertised route is unreachable.
  • the withdraw routing message sent by it is used to withdraw the previously sent second routing information of the CE1 device, that is, to indicate that the second routing information needs to be deleted.
  • the connection failure between the PE2 device and the CE1 device may include the interface failure of the PE2 device, the link failure between the PE2 device and the CE1 device, and so on.
  • a connection failure occurs between the PE2 device and the CE1 device, the packet transmission path between the PE2 device and the CE1 device is blocked, so the PE2 device can send a routing cancellation message to withdraw the previously sent second routing information.
  • the PE1 device receives the rerouting message for revocation of the route of the CE1 device from the PE2 device, and sends the third routing information of the CE1 device according to the rerouting message.
  • the third routing information carries the first alternate next hop address, that is, the address of the PE1 device, and is used to instruct the PE3 device to use the first alternate next hop address as the next hop address to the CE1 device.
  • the PE1 device After the PE1 device receives the routing cancellation message from the PE2 device, it can determine that the dual-homing relationship between itself and the PE2 device no longer exists. At this time, the PE1 device can update the route advertised by itself, that is, it can send the third routing information of the CE1 device.
  • the third routing information may include the first destination address and the first backup next hop address, instead of carrying the first primary next hop address, that is, the information of the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the first alternate next hop address may be carried in the next hop field of the third routing information.
  • the third routing information is carried in a BGP route
  • the first destination address may be carried in the destination address field of the BGP route.
  • the first alternate next hop address may be carried in the next hop field of the BGP route.
  • the third routing information may still include the first destination address, the first backup next hop address, and the first primary next hop address, but the first primary next hop address is indicated by an indicator bit.
  • the one-hop address is no longer available.
  • the third routing information is carried in a BGP route
  • the first destination address may be carried in the destination address field of the BGP route.
  • the first backup next hop address may be carried in the next hop field of the BGP route
  • the first primary next hop address may be carried in the extended community attribute field of the BGP route
  • the community attribute is extended here
  • An indicator bit is added to the field to indicate that the first primary next hop address is no longer available.
  • the first alternate next hop address and the first primary next hop address can both be carried in the same attribute field of the BGP route, such as the next hop field, and used with an indicator bit to indicate the first primary next hop address.
  • the hop address is no longer available, or the first standby next hop address is preferentially used.
  • the routing and forwarding entry in operation 204 can also be updated according to the routing cancellation message, such as deleting the second alternate next hop address in the FRR routing and forwarding entry for updating.
  • the PE1 device can receive the packet sent by the PE3 device to the CE1 device.
  • the PE1 device can receive the packet sent by the PE3 device whose destination address is the address of the CE1 device. After that, the PE1 device can forward the packet according to the local routing and forwarding entry.
  • the destination address in the local routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device
  • the primary next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device
  • the backup next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the CE1 device. Is the address of the PE2 device.
  • the PE1 device can directly forward the packet to the CE1 device according to the primary next hop of the routing forwarding entry when there is no connection failure between itself and the CE1 device.
  • Figure 3 takes the connection failure between PE2 and CE1 as an example, it is understandable that a connection failure may also occur between PE1 and CE1.
  • PE1 can use the backup next hop of the local routing forwarding table entry.
  • the packet is forwarded to the PE2 device, and the PE2 device forwards the packet to the CE1 device.
  • PE3 can perform the following operations 303 or 304.
  • the PE3 device receives the de-routing message for de-routing the CE1 device from the PE2 device, and according to the de-routing message, uses the first alternate next hop address to send a second message to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device when the PE3 device receives the routing revocation message from the PE2 device, it can update the routing forwarding table entry according to the routing revocation message.
  • the destination address of the routing forwarding table entry is the address of the CE1 device, and the routing forwarding table entry is One hop is the address of the PE1 device, such as the IP address of the PE1 device. That is, the PE3 device no longer sends the second packet to the CE1 device according to the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device at this time. In this case, the PE3 device forwards the second packet to the PE1 device, and the PE1 device forwards the second packet to the CE1 device.
  • the PE3 device receives the third routing information of the CE1 device from the PE1 device, and uses the first alternate next hop address to send the second packet to the CE1 device according to the third routing information.
  • the PE3 device when the PE3 device receives the third routing information of the CE1 device from the PE1 device, it can update the routing and forwarding table entry according to the third routing information.
  • the destination address of the routing and forwarding table entry is the address of the CE1 device.
  • the next hop of the forwarding entry is the address of the PE1 device. Similar to 303, the PE3 device forwards the second packet to the PE1 device, and the PE1 device forwards the second packet to the CE1 device.
  • PE3 equipment has the ability to learn routes, but not the ability to withdraw routes.
  • the PE3 device can implement packet forwarding according to the above operation 304, that is, only by learning the route, it can determine the time to use the alternate next hop to send the packet.
  • the PE3 device can implement packet forwarding according to any one of the foregoing operations 303 and 304.
  • the PE3 device updates the routing and forwarding entry according to the received routing message or the third routing information
  • one possible way is to replace the next hop information from the common address with the first
  • Another possible way for the alternate next hop address is to update the identification bit to indicate that the common address in the next hop information is currently unavailable, and the first alternate next hop address needs to be used to forward the message.
  • the CE1 device is dual-homed to the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the three-homed CE1 device is connected to the PE1 device, the PE2 device, and the PE4 device.
  • the PE3 device is the neighbor device of the PE1 device, the PE2 device, and the PE4 device.
  • any one of the at least three PE devices is similar to the operation performed by the PE1 device or the PE2 device described above, which is not repeated in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the PE3 device receives a routing cancellation message sent by any one of the at least three PE devices, it may not use the at least three PE devices.
  • the common address of two PE devices is used for packet forwarding, and the address of one or more PE devices other than this one among the at least three PE devices is used, for example, according to the IP of the other one or more PE devices.
  • the address is used as the next hop address to send a message to the CE1 device; or, if the PE3 device receives updated routing information sent by any one of the at least three PE devices, the updated routing information is any one of the PE devices.
  • the device generates according to the route revocation message sent by other multi-homing PE devices, then the PE3 device does not use the common address of the at least three PE devices for packet forwarding, but uses one or more other than the above-mentioned connection failure.
  • the address of the PE device is used as the next hop address to send packets to the CE1 device.
  • Any one of the at least three PE devices may establish a local routing and forwarding table entry based on the received routing information sent by other multi-homing PE devices, and the local routing and forwarding table entry may include one or more alternate next Jump address.
  • other PE devices may update the local routing and forwarding table entries according to receiving the routing cancellation message sent by any one PE device.
  • the above method will be described with examples in conjunction with the network system shown in FIGS. 5 to 8.
  • the address of the CE1 device is 1.1.1.1
  • the address of the PE1 device is 10.1.1.1
  • the address of the PE2 device is 10.1.1.2
  • the common address of the PE1 device and the PE2 device is 9.9.9.9.
  • the port address between CE1 and PE1 is 192.168.1.1
  • the port address between CE1 and PE2 is 192.168.1.2.
  • the PE1 device sends the first routing information of the CE1 device, and the PE2 device sends the second routing information of the CE1 device.
  • the PE1 device can perform route learning after receiving the second routing information
  • the PE2 device can perform route learning after receiving the first routing information
  • the PE3 device can perform route learning after receiving the first routing information and the second routing information.
  • the routes learned by the PE1, PE2, and PE3 devices are shown in Figure 5, and the routing forwarding entries generated by the PE1, PE2, and PE3 devices based on the learned routes are shown in Figure 6.
  • the PE1 device mainly forwards packets to the CE1 device according to the port address 192.168.1.1, and the address 10.1.1.2 of the PE2 device can be used as an alternative in the event of a failure.
  • the PE2 device mainly forwards packets directly to the CE1 device according to the port address 192.168.1.2, and the address 10.1.1.1 of the PE1 device can be used as an alternative in the event of a failure.
  • the PE3 device forwards packets according to the common address 9.9.9.9 of the PE1 device and the PE2 device.
  • the PE2 device when a connection failure occurs between the PE2 device and the CE1 device, the PE2 device can perceive the connection failure. In this case, if the PE2 device receives the packet sent by the PE3 device to the CE1 device, it will forward the packet to the PE1 device according to the alternate next hop 10.1.1.1 in its routing and forwarding entry, and the PE1 device will forward the packet Forward to the CE1 device.
  • the PE2 device After the PE2 device senses the connection failure, it can update the routing and forwarding entry of PE2, and can send a routing cancellation message. After receiving the routing cancellation message, the PE1 device updates the routing and forwarding entry of PE1 and sends the third routing message at the same time. The third routing message is used to indicate that the common address 9.9.9.9 as the primary next hop is no longer available. After the PE3 device receives the routing cancellation message or the third routing information, it can update its own routing and forwarding table entries. The updated routing and forwarding entries of the PE1, PE2, and PE3 devices are shown in Figure 8. Referring to Figure 8, the PE2 device forwards packets according to the address 10.1.1.1 of the PE1 device. The PE1 device forwards packets according to the port address 1.1.1.1. The PE3 device forwards the packet according to the address 10.1.1.1 of the PE1 device.
  • Figs. 5-8 are used as a schematic diagram and are mainly used to present key information that can implement the method described in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the specific manner in which each PE device generates the routing table and forwarding table for message forwarding, as well as the specific content and composition style included in the routing table and forwarding table, can be designed in combination with specific application scenarios.
  • the method for sending routing and the method for processing routing provided by the embodiments of the present application are applied to a network system that includes a first network device and a second network device respectively connected to a destination network device, and may include a third network device.
  • Fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method for sending a route according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method may be executed by a first network device, and the first network device may be, for example, the PE1 device in FIGS. 1-3.
  • the method includes:
  • the first network device sends first routing information of the destination network device, where the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first primary next hop address, and a first backup next hop address, and the first destination address includes The address of the destination network device, the first primary next hop address includes the common address of the first network device and the second network device, and the first backup next hop address includes the address of the first network device.
  • the first network device and the second network device are used as a pair of dual-homing network devices and may be deployed with a common address, and the common address may be a loopback address.
  • the address type used as the backup next hop may be an IP address, that is, the first backup next hop address may be the IP address of the first network device.
  • the type of the common address or the type of the alternate next hop address can also be other address types, and the type of the common address and the type of the alternate next hop address may be different, or, in some cases, the common address
  • the type of and the type of the alternate next hop address are also allowed to be the same, but at least they can be distinguished in some way, such as different specific content or values, or different distinguishing identifiers.
  • the address of the destination network device may be the IP address of the destination network device.
  • the destination address in the first routing information of the destination network device is the first destination address (that is, the address of the destination network device), and the next hop address in the first routing information includes the first primary next hop The address (that is, the common address of the first network device and the second network device), and also includes the first standby next hop address (that is, the address of the first network device).
  • the first routing information can not only store the common address of the first network device and the second network device, but also store the address of the first network device, so that it is convenient for other network devices to communicate with the destination of the second network device.
  • the message is forwarded normally according to the first standby next hop address.
  • the first routing information may be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the carrying manner of the first routing information in 201 please refer to the relevant description of the carrying manner of the first routing information in 201, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first network device When the first network device sends the first routing information of the destination network device, it can send the first routing information of the destination network device to its neighbor devices, for example, it can send the destination network device to the second network device and the third network device that are its neighbors.
  • the first routing information For example, it can send the destination network device to the second network device and the third network device that are its neighbors.
  • the first network device may also receive the second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device, and then generate a routing forwarding entry.
  • the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address, the second destination address contains the address of the destination network device, and the second primary next hop address contains the common Address, the second backup next hop address includes the address of the second network device.
  • the second routing information can be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the second routing information carrying manner in 203 refer to the related description of the second routing information carrying manner in 203, which will not be repeated here.
  • the destination address of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device, and the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the second alternate next hop address.
  • the first network device After the first network device receives the second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device, it can determine that there is a dual-homing relationship between itself and the second network device, so as to determine that the destination network device is dual-homing Connect to itself and the second network device.
  • the first network device when the first network device has the same ESI as the second network device, it can be determined that there is a dual-homing relationship between itself and the second network device.
  • the first network device When the first network device determines that it has a dual-homing relationship with the second network device, it can directly generate a routing forwarding table entry based on the second alternate next hop address in the second routing information of the destination network device sent by the second network device, that is, The routing and forwarding entry can be directly generated according to the address of the second network device.
  • the destination address in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device
  • the primary next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device
  • the alternate next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device. Is the address of the second network device.
  • the routing and forwarding entry can be used to guide the message forwarding when a link failure occurs between the destination network device and the first network device, and the routing and forwarding entry can be an FRR entry or the like.
  • the first network device can use the alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry, that is, according to the address of the second network device,
  • the message that needs to be sent to the destination network device is directly forwarded to the second network device, and then the second network device forwards the message to the destination network device, thereby ensuring the normal forwarding of the message.
  • the first network device may also receive a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device from the second network device, and then send the third routing information of the destination network device according to the de-routing message.
  • the withdraw route message is used to indicate that the previously advertised route is unreachable.
  • the withdraw routing message sent by it is used to withdraw the previously sent second routing information of the destination network device, that is, to indicate that the second routing information needs to be deleted.
  • the third routing information includes the first destination address, and the third routing information is used to instruct the third network device to use the first alternate next hop address as the next hop address to the destination network device. That is, the third routing information may carry the first backup next hop address, that is, the address of the first network device.
  • the third routing information may carry the first backup next hop address, that is, the address of the first network device.
  • the first network device After the first network device receives the route cancellation message from the second network device, it can determine that the dual-homing relationship between itself and the second network device no longer exists. At this time, the first network device can update the route advertised by itself, that is, it can send to the destination network. The third routing information of the device.
  • the first network device receives the second network device After the route cancellation message is sent, the routing forwarding table entry, such as the second alternate next hop address in the FRR routing forwarding entry, can also be deleted according to the route cancellation message.
  • the first network device may receive the packet sent by the third network device to the destination network device. That is to say, the first network device can receive a message whose destination address is the address of the destination network device sent by the third network device. After that, the first network device may forward the message according to the local routing and forwarding entry.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for processing routing provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method may be executed by a second network device, and the second network device may be, for example, the PE2 device in FIGS. 1-3. Referring to Figure 10, the method includes:
  • the second network device receives the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device, and then generates a routing forwarding table entry.
  • the destination address of the routing and forwarding table entry generated by the second network device is the address of the destination network device, and the backup next hop of the routing and forwarding table entry is the first backup next hop address.
  • the second network device After the second network device receives the first routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, it can determine that there is a dual-homing relationship between itself and the first network device, so as to determine that the destination network device is dual-homing Connect to itself and the first network device.
  • the second network device when the second network device has the same ESI as the first network device, it can determine that it has a dual-homing relationship with the first network device.
  • the second network device When the second network device determines that it has a dual-homing relationship with the first network device, it can directly generate a routing forwarding table entry according to the first alternate next hop address in the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device, that is, The routing and forwarding entry can be directly generated according to the address of the first network device.
  • the destination address in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device
  • the primary next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device
  • the alternate next hop in the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device. Is the address of the first network device.
  • the routing and forwarding entry can be used to guide the message forwarding when a link failure occurs between the destination network device and the second network device, and the routing and forwarding entry can be an FRR entry or the like.
  • the second network device can use the alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry, that is, according to the address of the first network device,
  • the message that needs to be sent to the destination network device is directly forwarded to the first network device, and then the first network device forwards the message to the destination network device, thereby ensuring the normal forwarding of the message.
  • the second network device may send the second routing information of the target network device, and specifically may send the second routing information of the target network device to its neighbor devices.
  • the second network device may send the second routing information of the destination network device to the first network device and the third network device.
  • the second routing information can be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the second routing information carrying manner in 203 refer to the related description of the second routing information carrying manner in 203, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second network device may also send to the first network device and the third network device a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device.
  • the withdraw route message is used to indicate that the previously advertised route is unreachable.
  • the withdraw routing message sent by it is used to withdraw the previously sent second routing information of the destination network device, that is, to indicate that the second routing information needs to be deleted.
  • the connection failure that occurs between the second network device and the destination network device may include an interface failure of the second network device, a link failure between the second network device and the destination network device, and the like.
  • a connection failure occurs between the second network device and the destination network device, the packet transmission path between the second network device and the destination network device is blocked. Therefore, the second network device can send a cancel routing message to cancel the previously sent second network device. Routing information.
  • the second network device when a connection failure occurs between the second network device and the destination network device, if the second network device receives a message sent by the third network device to the destination network device, it can forward the entry according to the local routing table. The hop forwards the message to the first network device. Then the first network device forwards the message to the destination network device, so that the normal forwarding of the message can be ensured.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for processing routing according to an embodiment of the present application. This method may be executed by a third network device, and the third network device may be, for example, the PE3 device in FIGS. 1-3. Referring to Figure 11, the method includes:
  • the third network device receives the first routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, and receives the second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device.
  • the first routing information may be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the carrying manner of the first routing information in 201 please refer to the relevant description of the carrying manner of the first routing information in 201, which will not be repeated here.
  • the second routing information can be carried in one route or sent in two routes.
  • the second routing information carrying manner in 203 refer to the related description of the second routing information carrying manner in 203, which will not be repeated here.
  • the third network device uses the common address of the first network device and the second network device as the next hop address to send the first packet to the destination network device.
  • the third network device determines that the double route of the destination network device has been received. At this time, for the first packet that needs to be sent to the destination network device, The third network device can then use the common address as the next hop address to send the first message to the destination network device.
  • the third network device may generate a routing and forwarding entry in the third network device according to the received first routing information and the second routing information, and the purpose of the routing and forwarding entry in the third network device is The address is the address of the destination network device, and the next hop is the common address.
  • the third network device sends the first packet to the destination network device according to the next hop of the routing and forwarding entry.
  • the third network device may use the common address as the next hop query forwarding entry, and send the first message to the destination network device according to the forwarding entry; or the third network device may use the common address
  • the next hop iterative tunnel the first packet is sent to the destination network device according to the tunnel information of the tunnel.
  • the third network device sends the first packet to the first network device or the second network device according to the load sharing strategy, and the first network device or the second network device forwards the first packet to the destination network device .
  • the third network device may receive the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device and receive the second routing information of the destination network device sent by the second network device.
  • the destination addresses in the first routing information and the second routing information are both addresses of the destination network device.
  • the next hop address in the first routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the first network device.
  • the next hop address in the second routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the second network device.
  • the third network device can not only store the common address, but also store the address of the first network device and the address of the second network device, thereby facilitating the third network device in one network of the first network device and the second network device.
  • the first situation the third network device receives from the second network device a de-routing message for de-routing the destination network device, and according to the de-routing message, uses the first alternate next hop address to send the second network device to the destination network device. Message.
  • the third network device when the third network device receives the routing cancellation message from the second network device, it can update the routing forwarding table entry according to the routing cancellation message, the destination address of the routing forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device, and the routing The next hop of the forwarding entry is the address of the first network device, such as the IP address of the first network device. That is, the third network device no longer sends the second packet to the destination network device according to the common address of the first network device and the second network device at this time. In this case, the third network device forwards the second packet to the first network device, and the first network device forwards the second packet to the destination network device.
  • the second situation the third network device receives the third routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, and uses the first alternate next hop address to send the second packet to the destination network device according to the third routing information.
  • the third network device when the third network device receives the third routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, it may update the routing forwarding table entry according to the third routing information, and the destination address of the routing forwarding table entry is the destination network The address of the device. The next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the first network device. Similar to the first case, the third network device forwards the second packet to the first network device, and the first network device Forward the second message to the destination network device.
  • the third network device has the ability to learn routes, but does not have the ability to withdraw routes.
  • the third network device may implement packet forwarding according to the second situation described above.
  • the third network device may implement packet forwarding according to any one of the first situation and the second situation described above.
  • the third network device updates the routing and forwarding entry according to the received routing revocation message or the third routing information, one possible way is to replace the next hop information with the common address from the common address.
  • Another possible way for the first alternate next hop address is to update the identification bit to indicate that the common address in the next hop information is currently unavailable, and the first alternate next hop address needs to be used to forward the packet.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a network device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device can be the PE1 device, PE2 device, or PE3 device shown in the embodiments of Figs.
  • the network device may include at least one processor 1201 and at least one communication interface 1204.
  • the network device may also include a communication bus 1202 and a memory 1203.
  • the processor 1201 may be a microprocessor (including a central processing unit (CPU), etc.), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or may be one or more for controlling the solution of the application Integrated circuit for program execution.
  • a microprocessor including a central processing unit (CPU), etc.
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • the communication interface 1204 uses any device such as a transceiver to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), and so on.
  • a transceiver uses any device such as a transceiver to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), and so on.
  • RAN radio access network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the memory 1203 may be read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), optical disk ( Including read-only discs (compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM), compact discs, laser discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store The desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and any other medium that can be accessed by the computer, but not limited to this.
  • the memory 1203 may exist independently and is connected to the processor 1201 through the communication bus 1202.
  • the memory 1203 may also be integrated with the processor 1201.
  • the communication bus 1202 may include a path for transferring information between the aforementioned components.
  • the processor 1201 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 as shown in FIG. 12.
  • the network device may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1201 and the processor 1205 as shown in FIG. 12. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor or a multi-core processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (such as computer program instructions).
  • the network device may further include an output device 1206 and an input device 1207.
  • the output device 1206 communicates with the processor 1201 and can display information in a variety of ways.
  • the output device 1206 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display device, a cathode ray tube (CRT) display device, or a projector, etc.
  • the input device 1207 communicates with the processor 1201, and can receive user input in a variety of ways.
  • the input device 1207 may be a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen device, or a sensor device.
  • the foregoing network device may be, for example, a router, a switch, a PE device, a network server, a switch, or a desktop computer, or may be other types of communication devices or embedded devices, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the type of the network device.
  • the memory 1203 is used to store the program code 1210 for executing the solution of the present application
  • the processor 1201 is used to execute the program code 1210 stored in the memory 1203.
  • the network device can use the processor 1201 and the program code 1210 in the memory 1203 to implement the operations performed by the first network device, the second network device, or the third network device in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the memory can also exist independently of the network device, and the program code stored in the memory can be called when the network device is running, so as to realize that the first network device, the second network device, or the third network device in the above embodiment Action performed.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for sending routes according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus may be implemented as part or all of the first network device by software, hardware, or a combination of the two.
  • the first network device may be as shown in FIG. 12 Network equipment shown. Referring to Figure 13, the device includes:
  • the sending module 1301 is configured to send first routing information of the destination network device, where the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first primary next hop address, and a first backup next hop address, so
  • the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device
  • the first primary next hop address includes the common address of the first network device and the second network device
  • the first backup next hop address The address includes the address of the first network device.
  • the first primary next hop address is carried in a first attribute field of a first BGP route
  • the first backup next hop address is carried in a second attribute field of the first BGP route.
  • the sending module 1301 is used to:
  • the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1302 is configured to receive second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device, where the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second Backup next hop address, the second destination address includes the address of the destination network device, the second primary next hop address includes the common address, and the second backup next hop address includes the first 2.
  • a generating module 1303, configured to generate a routing and forwarding entry, the destination address of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device, and the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the second alternate next hop address.
  • the device further includes:
  • the receiving module 1302 is configured to receive, from the second network device, a route cancellation message used to cancel the route of the destination network device;
  • the sending module 1301 is further configured to send third routing information of the destination network device according to the routing cancellation message, the third routing information includes the first destination address, and the third routing information is used to indicate The third network device uses the first alternate next hop address as the next hop address to reach the destination network device.
  • the third routing information includes the first backup next hop address, and the first backup next hop address is carried in a next hop field of the third routing information.
  • the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1302 is configured to receive a message sent by the third network device to the destination network device after sending the first routing information to the third network device.
  • the address of the first network device is an IP address of the first network device, and the common address is a loopback address.
  • the destination address in the first routing information of the destination network device is the first destination address (that is, the address of the destination network device), and the next hop address in the first routing information includes the first primary next hop The address (that is, the common address of the first network device and the second network device), and also includes the first standby next hop address (that is, the address of the first network device).
  • the first routing information can not only store the common address of the first network device and the second network device, but also store the address of the first network device, so that it is convenient for other network devices to communicate with the destination of the second network device.
  • the message can be forwarded normally according to the first standby next hop address directly.
  • the device for sending routes provided in the above embodiments only uses the division of the above functional modules for example when sending routes.
  • the above functions can be allocated by different functional modules as needed. That is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the device for sending a route provided in the above-mentioned embodiment belongs to the same concept as the embodiment of the method for sending a route. For the specific implementation process, please refer to the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for processing routing provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device may be implemented as part or all of the second network device by software, hardware or a combination of the two.
  • the second network device may be as shown in FIG. 12 Network equipment shown. Referring to Figure 14, the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1401 is configured to receive first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device, where the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first primary next hop address, and a second A backup next hop address, the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device, and the first primary next hop address includes the common address of the first network device and the second network device, The first backup next hop address includes the address of the first network device;
  • a generating module 1402 configured to generate a routing and forwarding entry, the destination address of the routing and forwarding entry is the address of the destination network device, and the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry is the first alternate next hop address.
  • the device includes:
  • the sending module is configured to send a revocation route for revocation of the route of the destination network device to the first network device and the third network device according to a connection failure between the second network device and the destination network device information.
  • the device includes a sending module
  • the receiving module 1401 is further configured to receive a message sent by the third network device to the destination network device;
  • the sending module is configured to forward the message to the first network device according to the alternate next hop of the routing and forwarding entry when a connection failure occurs between the second network device and the destination network device.
  • Network equipment
  • the device includes:
  • the sending module is configured to send second routing information, where the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a second backup next hop address, and the second destination address includes all The address of the destination network device, the second primary next hop address includes the common address, and the second backup next hop address includes the address of the second network device.
  • the second network device can use the alternate next hop address in the routing forwarding entry, that is, according to the address of the first network device,
  • the message that needs to be sent to the destination network device is directly forwarded to the first network device, and then the first network device forwards the message to the destination network device, thereby ensuring the normal forwarding of the message.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for processing routing provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device can be implemented as part or all of a third network device by software, hardware, or a combination of the two.
  • the third network device can be as shown in FIG. 12 Network equipment shown. Referring to Figure 15, the device includes:
  • the receiving module 1501 is configured to receive first routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, where the first routing information includes a first destination address, a first primary next hop address, and a first Standby next hop address, the first destination address includes the address of the destination network device, the first primary next hop address includes the common address of the first network device and the second network device, so The first backup next hop address includes the address of the first network device;
  • the receiving module 1501 is further configured to receive second routing information of the destination network device from the second network device, where the second routing information includes a second destination address, a second primary next hop address, and a first Two backup next hop addresses, the second destination address includes the address of the destination network device, the second primary next hop address includes the common address, and the second backup next hop address includes the The address of the second network device;
  • the sending module 1502 is configured to send a first packet to the destination network device using the common address as the next hop address according to the received first routing information and the second routing information.
  • the common address is respectively carried in the first attribute field in the first BGP route sent by the first network device and the third attribute field in the second BGP route sent by the second network device, so The address of the first network device is carried in the second attribute field of the first BGP route, and the address of the second network device is carried in the fourth attribute field of the second BGP route.
  • the receiving module 1501 is further configured to receive, from the second network device, a route cancellation message for canceling the route of the destination network device;
  • the sending module 1502 is further configured to send a second message to the destination network device by using the first alternate next hop address according to the rerouting message.
  • the receiving module 1501 is further configured to receive third routing information of the destination network device from the first network device, where the third routing information is used to instruct the third network device to use the first backup download A one-hop address as the next-hop address to reach the destination network device;
  • the sending module 1502 is further configured to use the first alternate next hop address to send a second packet to the destination network device according to the third routing information.
  • the sending module 1502 is used to:
  • the address of the first backup next hop is an IP address of the first network device, and the common address is a loopback address.
  • the third network device may receive the first routing information of the destination network device sent by the first network device and receive the second routing information of the destination network device sent by the second network device.
  • the destination addresses in the first routing information and the second routing information are both addresses of the destination network device.
  • the next hop address in the first routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the first network device.
  • the next hop address in the second routing information may include not only the common address, but also the address of the second network device.
  • the third network device can not only store the common address, but also store the address of the first network device and the address of the second network device, thereby facilitating the third network device in one network of the first network device and the second network device.
  • the device for processing routing provided in the above embodiment only uses the division of the above functional modules for example when processing routing.
  • the above functions can be allocated by different functional modules according to needs. That is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the device for processing routing and the method for processing routing provided in the foregoing embodiment belong to the same concept. For the specific implementation process, please refer to the method embodiment for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 16 shows a network device including the sending route device provided in FIG. 13.
  • the device for sending the route is in the form of a software module.
  • the memory 1203 can store program codes and data, and the program codes can be divided into different program modules according to achievable functions.
  • the program code and data may be invoked and executed by the processor 1201 and/or the processor 1205 to realize the functions of the receiving module 1301, the sending module 1302, and/or the generating module 1303.
  • the network device also includes a communication interface 1204. In another implementation manner, it may also include a program module in the form of software in the memory.
  • the program module may be called by the processor to implement the function of the generating module 1303, such as generating forwarding entries.
  • Generate routing information, etc. while the function of the receiving module 1301 and/or the sending module 1302 can be executed by the communication interface 1204 or transceiver, etc., can be used to send locally generated routes, or can be used to receive routes or routes sent by other devices. Message etc.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example: floppy disk, hard disk, tape), optical medium (for example: Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)) or semiconductor medium (for example: Solid State Disk (SSD)) Wait.
  • the functions described in this application can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on the computer-readable medium.
  • the computer-readable medium includes a computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • the storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
  • the size of the sequence number of each process does not mean the order of execution.
  • the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not correspond to the difference in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes the only limitation of the implementation process.

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Abstract

一种发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质。所述方法包括:第一网络设备发送目的网络设备的路由信息,其中,所述路由信息包括目的地址、主用下一跳地址和备用下一跳地址,所述目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,所述主用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,如环回地址,所述备用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备的地址,如第一网络设备的互联网协议IP地址。采用本方法,在第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,其他网络设备可以直接根据所述备用下一跳地址向第一网络设备发送报文,以保证报文的正常转发。

Description

发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质
本申请实施例要求于2020年3月20日提交的申请号为202010239671.9、发明名称为“一种收发路由的方法和设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请实施例中。本申请实施例还要求于2020年6月9日提交的申请号为202010519661.0、发明名称为“发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置和设备”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请实施例中。
技术领域
本申请实施例通信技术领域,特别涉及一种发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质。
背景技术
虚拟私有网络(Virtual Private Network,VPN)技术在各大运营商的网络设计中被广泛使用。VPN中包括多个运营商边缘(Provider Edge,PE)设备,该多个PE设备互相连接。用户边缘(Customer Edge,CE)设备可以连接该VPN内的PE设备,以接入该VPN。
目前,为了提升可靠性,往往使用双归方案。具体地,如图1所示,CE1设备双归属连接到PE1设备和PE2设备。PE3设备是PE1设备和PE2设备的邻居设备,CE2设备连接到PE3设备。PE1设备和PE2设备作为一对双归属PE设备,在诸如任播(anycast)等方式中可以部署相同的环回(loopback)地址作为共享地址。PE1设备和PE2设备可以将该共享地址作为下一跳地址并发布路由。
PE3设备接收到PE1设备和PE2设备发布的路由后生成转发表项,这样在转发CE2设备向CE1设备发送的流量时,PE3设备可以使用该共享地址查找路由或隧道,以此实现流量在PE1设备和PE2设备上的分担。在上述方式下,当CE1设备与PE1设备之间出现链路故障时,流量应当更新为由PE2设备承担,但是由于PE2设备使用和PE1设备相同的该共享地址,由此导致即使PE1设备撤销路由,但是转发表项的下一跳依然是该共享地址,因而PE3设备仍然会将流量转发到PE1设备。流量到达PE1设备后,由于PE1设备故障后应当查找本地转发表项的备用下一跳,但备用下一跳实际为PE2设备的该共享地址,此时PE1设备会发现下一跳是PE1设备自身就部署的该共享地址,使得PE1设备的路由计算出现问题,从而导致流量难以正常转发。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质,通过在路由中同时携带主用下一跳和备用下一跳地址,可以保证网络中报文的正常转发。
第一方面,提供了一种发送路由的方法,在该方法中,第一网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,第一目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第一主用下一跳地址包括第一网络设 备和第二网络设备的共同地址,第一备用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备的地址。例如,所述目的网络设备可以是CE设备或与CE设备连接的用户设备,所述第一网络设备和第二网络设备可以是CE设备双归属的两个PE设备。
由于目的网络设备双归属连接到第一网络设备和第二网络设备,所以第一网络设备和第二网络设备作为一对双归网络设备,可以部署有共同地址,该共同地址可以是loopback地址,以实现流量的负载分担。而作为备用下一跳的地址类型可以是互联网协议(Internet Protocol,IP)地址,也即所述第一备用下一跳地址可以是第一网络设备的IP地址。在其他情形下,共同地址的类型或作为备用下一跳地址的类型也可以是其他地址类型,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型可以不同,或者,在某些情形下,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型也允许相同,但至少能够通过某种方式予以区分,如具体内容或取值不同,如取值不同的两个loopback地址,或者具有不同的区分标识等。目的网络设备的地址可以是目的网络设备的IP地址。
本申请实施例中,目的网络设备的第一路由信息中的目的地址为第一目的地址(即目的网络设备的地址),第一路由信息中的下一跳地址包括第一主用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址),还包括第一备用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备的地址)。如此,接收到第一路由信息的其他网络设备不仅可以存储第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,还可以存储第一网络设备的地址,这样在第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,其他网络设备可以直接根据第一备用下一跳地址向第一网络设备转发报文,从而保证网络的正常运行。
作为可能的实现方式,第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于一条路由中。在一种可能的情形中,第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一边界网关协议(Border Gateway Protocol,BGP)路由中的第一属性字段,第一备用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的第二属性字段。比如,第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的下一跳字段,第一备用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由中的扩展团体属性字段,如此是通过两个不同的字段来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳。在另一种可能的情形中,第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址均可以携带于同一字段,并通过指示位来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳,并且还可以考虑通过指示位来指示接收方需使用主用下一跳还是备用下一跳转发报文。
通过将包括第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址的第一路由信息携带于一条路由中发送给其他网络设备,如BGP邻居网络设备,便于接收该路由的远端网络设备根据接收的信息获取主用下一跳和备用下一跳,并结合现有的路由学习机制确定主用下一跳和备用下一跳各自的使用时机。
作为另一种可能的实现方式,所述第一路由信息也可以分别携带于两条路由中发布,例如,一条路由中携带目的网络设备的地址和第一主用下一跳地址,而另一条路由中携带目的网络设备的地址和第一备用下一跳地址。在一种情形中,两条路由中可以分别携带标识位,以便于作为接收方的网络设备能够对主用和备用地址进行区分。另一种情形中,也可以不携带标识位,而是根据主用和备用地址的不同特征予以区分等。
可选地,第一网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息时,第一网络设备可以向第二网络设备和第三网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息。第三网络设备例如可以是第一网络设备的远端BGP邻居设备。
可选地,第一网络设备从第二网络设备接收目的网络设备的第二路由信息,生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第二备用下一跳地址。第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,第二目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,第二备用下一跳地址包括第二网络设备的地址。
第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址在路由中的携带方式,可以参考前述关于第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址在路由中的携带方式。
本申请实施例中,第一网络设备在接收第二网络设备发布的第二路由信息后,可以发现其自身与第二网络设备均与目的网络设备连接,第一网络设备因此可以知晓其自身与第一网络设备为目的网络设备的双归设备。第一网络设备可以在本地建立路由转发表项,如快速重路由(Fast Reroute,FRR)转发表项,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第二备用下一跳地址。如此在第一网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,第一网络设备可以根据该路由转发表项中的第二备用下一跳地址,即根据第二网络设备的地址,将需要发往目的网络设备的报文直接转发至第二网络设备,继而由第二网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
可选地,第一网络设备从第二网络设备接收用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息,然后根据所述撤销路由消息发送目的网络设备的第三路由信息。第一网络设备从第二网络设备接收到撤销路由消息后,可以确定自身与第二网络设备的双归关系已经不存在,此时第一网络设备可以更新自身发布的路由,即可以发送目的网络设备的第三路由信息。
第三路由信息包括第一目的地址,第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达目的网络设备的下一跳地址。作为可能的指示方式,例如第三路由信息可以仅包括所述第一备用下一跳地址,也即第一网络设备的地址,而不包括所述第一主用下一跳地址。例如,第三路由信息包括第一备用下一跳地址,且第一备用下一跳地址携带于第三路由信息的下一跳字段。这样,接收所述第三路由信息的远端第三网络设备,可以根据所述第三路由信息中仅包括第一备用下一跳地址,确定应当使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达目的网络设备的下一跳地址,而不再使用第一主用下一跳地址,即不再使用第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址作为下一跳。作为另一种可能的指示方式,例如第三路由信息可以既包括第一备用下一跳地址,也包括第一主用下一跳地址,但通过指示位指示第一主用下一跳地址当前不可用,则接收所述第三路由信息的远端第三网络设备,可以根据所述第一主用下一跳地址不可用,而第一备用下一跳地址可用,确定应当使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达目的网络设备的下一跳地址。
可选地,第一网络设备在接收到第二网络设备发送的撤销路由消息后,知晓此时无法通过第二网络设备到达目的网络设备。因此,第一网络设备还可以根据该撤销路由消息删除本地路由转发表项(如FRR表项)中的第二备用下一跳地址,以避免将发往目的网络设备的报文转发至第二网络设备而导致不可达,由此保证网络运行的健壮性。
可选地,在第一网络设备向第三网络设备发送第一路由信息或第三路由信息后,第一网络设备接收第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文。也就是说,第一网络设备可以接收第三网络设备发送的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址的报文。之后,第一网络设备可以根据本地路由转发表项来对报文进行转发,例如直接转发报文至目的网络设备,或者根据第一网络设 备与目的网络设备存在连接故障,将发往目的网络设备的报文转发至第二网络设备。
第二方面,提供了一种发送路由的装置,所述发送路由的装置具有实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式中所述方法提供的功能。所述发送路由的装置包括至少一个模块,所述至少一个模块用于实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法。所述至少一个模块可以是软件模块、硬件模块或者软硬件结合的模块。
第三方面,提供了一种网络设备,所述网络设备包括处理器。所述处理器被配置为用于执行计算机程序以实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法。所述网络设备还可以包括存储器,所述存储器中存储有所述计算机程序,以及存储用于实现上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所述的发送路由的方法中所涉及的数据。所述网络设备还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于接收或发送上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法中所涉及的数据。
第四方面,提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所述的发送路由的方法。
第五方面,提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一可选方式所述的发送路由的方法。
上述第二方面、第三方面、第四方面和第五方面所获得的技术效果与上述第一方面中对应的技术手段获得的技术效果近似,在这里不再赘述。
第六方面,提供了一种处理路由的方法。在该方法中,第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收目的网络设备的第一路由信息,以及从第二网络设备接收目的网络设备的第二路由信息。之后,根据接收到第一路由信息和第二路由信息,第三网络设备使用共同地址作为下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第一报文。例如,所述目的网络设备可以是CE设备或与CE设备连接的用户设备,所述第一网络设备和第二网络设备可以是CE设备双归属的两个PE设备,所述第三网络设备可以是远端PE设备,所述远端PE设备通过BGP协议与所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备连接。
第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,第一目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第一主用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,第一备用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备的地址。
第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,第二目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第二主用下一跳地址包括共同地址,第二备用下一跳地址包括第二网络设备的地址。
关于共同地址、第一主用下一跳地址、第二主用下一跳地址、第一备用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址的类型和携带方式可参见前述第一方面中的相应描述,这里不再赘述。
根据第一路由信息和第二路由信息均包括到达目的网络设备的路由信息,第三网络设备确定接收到了目的网络设备的双份路由,因而对于需要发往目的网络设备的报文,第三网络设备就可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址来向目的网络设备转发,从而实现负载分担。
具体地,第三网络设备可以根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,生成第 三网络设备中的路由转发表项,该第三网络设备中的路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,且下一跳为该共同地址。第三网络设备根据该路由转发表项的下一跳向目的网络设备发送第一报文。具体地,第三网络设备可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳查询转发表项,根据所述转发表项向目的网络设备发送第一报文;或者,第三网络设备可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳迭代隧道,根据所述隧道的隧道信息向目的网络设备发送第一报文。这种情况下,第三网络设备根据负载分担策略将第一报文发送给第一网络设备或第二网络设备,由第一网络设备或第二网络设备将第一报文转发至目的网络设备。
本申请实施例中,第三网络设备可以接收第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息以及接收第二网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息。第一路由信息和第二路由信息中的目的地址均为目的网络设备的地址。第一路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第一网络设备的地址。第二路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第二网络设备的地址。如此,第三网络设备不仅可以存储该共同地址,还可以存储第一网络设备的地址和第二网络设备的地址,从而便于第三网络设备在第一网络设备和第二网络设备中的一个网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据另一个网络设备的地址来正常转发报文。
第一路由信息和第二路由信息可以分别携带于一条路由中,也可以是第一路由信息中的第一主用下一跳和第一备用下一跳分别携带于两条路由中,第二路由信息中的第二主用下一跳和第二备用下一跳分别携带于两条路由中。具体实现方式可以参见第一方面中的相关描述。
在一种可能的方式中,第三网络设备从第二网络设备接收用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。该撤销路由消息用于通告撤销到达目的网络设备的路由。根据所述撤销路由消息,第三网络设备知晓无法经由第二网络设备向目的网络设备转发报文,因此使用第一备用下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。
具体地,当第三网络设备从第二网络设备接收到该撤销路由消息时,可以根据该撤销路由消息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为第一网络设备的地址,如第一网络设备的IP地址。也即,第三网络设备此时不再根据第一网络设备和第二网络设备的所述共同地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。这种情况下,第三网络设备将第二报文转发至第一网络设备,由第一网络设备将第二报文转发至目的网络设备,如此可以保证报文的正常转发。
在另一种可能的方式中,第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收目的网络设备的第三路由信息,第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达目的网络设备的下一跳地址。之后,第三网络设备根据第三路由信息,使用第一备用下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。所述第三路由信息为第一网络设备接收到第二网络设备发送的撤销路由消息后发送。
具体地,当第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收到目的网络设备的第三路由信息时,可以根据所述第三路由信息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为第一网络设备的地址,与第一种方式类似地,第三网络设备将第二报文转发至第一网络设备,由第一网络设备将第二报文转发至目的网络设备,如此可以保证报文的正常转发。所述第三路由信息的通告方式可以参见第一方面的相应描述,这里不再赘述。
第三网络设备在接收到第二网络设备发送的撤销路由消息,或者接收到第一网络设备发送的第三路由信息后,能够确定只能通过第一网络设备向目的网络设备发送报文,因此直接使用第一网络设备的地址,如IP地址转发需发至目的网络设备的报文,而不再使用共同地址,从而保证了业务的正常运转。可以理解地,在一种情形下,第三网络设备同时支持路由学习和路由撤销,则第三网络设备可以根据接收到撤销路由消息和第三路由信息中的任一项,使用第一网络设备的地址作为下一跳而转发报文。在另一种情形下,第三网络设备可能并不支持路由撤销,则第三网络设备至少可以根据接收到的第三路由信息学习路由,从而保证第三网络设备能够在第二网络设备和目的网络设备连接故障时,采用第一网络设备的地址作为下一跳转发报文。也即,网络中同时提供发送撤销路由消息和第三路由信息两种方式,能够使得第三网络设备即使不支持路由撤销,也能够至少通过学习路由的方式确定采用第一设备的地址转发报文的时机,由此提升了网络运行机制的通用性和健壮性。
第七方面,提供了一种处理路由的装置,所述处理路由的装置具有实现上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式中所述方法提供的功能。所述处理路由的装置包括至少一个模块,所述至少一个模块用于实现上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法。所述至少一个模块可以是软件模块、硬件模块或者软硬件结合的模块。
第八方面,提供了一种网络设备,所述网络设备包括处理器。所述处理器被配置为用于执行计算机程序以实现上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所提供的处理路由的方法。所述网络设备还可以包括存储器,所述存储器中存储有所述计算机程序,以及存储用于实现上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所述的处理路由的方法中所涉及的数据。所述网络设备还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于接收或发送上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所提供的处理路由的方法中所涉及的数据。
第九方面,提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所述的处理路由的方法。
第十方面,提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第六方面或第六方面任一可选方式所述的处理路由的方法。
上述第七方面、第八方面、第九方面和第十方面所获得的技术效果与上述第六方面中对应的技术手段获得的技术效果近似,在这里不再赘述。
第十一方面,提供了一种处理路由的方法。在该方法中,第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息,生成路由转发表项,路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第一备用下一跳地址。
第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,第一目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第一主用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,第一备用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备的地址。
本申请实施例中,若第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,则第二网络设备可以根据该路由转发表项(如FRR转发表项)中的备用下一跳地址,即根据第一网络设备的地址,将需要发往目的网络设备的报文直接转发至第一网络设备,继而由第一网络设备将报 文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
可选地,第二网络设备可以发送目的网络设备的第二路由信息,例如,第二网络设备可以向第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送目的网络设备的第二路由信息。所述第三网络设备例如可以是第二网络设备的BGP邻居设备,如远端PE设备。
第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,第二目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第二主用下一跳地址包括共同地址,第二备用下一跳地址包括第二网络设备的地址。
关于共同地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址的类型和携带方式可参见前述第一方面中的相应描述,这里不再赘述。
可选地,根据第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,第二网络设备向第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
撤销路由消息用于指示此前发布的路由已不可达。对于第二网络设备来说,其发送的撤销路由消息用于撤销之前发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息,例如指示需要删除第二路由信息。
第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现的连接故障可以包括第二网络设备的接口故障、第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间的链路故障等。当第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间的报文传输路径不通,因而第二网络设备可以发送撤销路由消息来撤销之前发送的第二路由信息。
在可能的情形下,与第二网络设备存在双归关系的第一网络设备在接收到所述撤销路由消息后,可以根据该撤销路由消息删除或暂时屏蔽本地转发表项中备用下一跳的信息,所述备用下一跳的信息即为第二网络设备的地址,如IP地址。而远端的第三网络设备在接收到所述撤销路由消息后,可以根据该撤销路由消息确定无法经由第二网络设备向目的网络设备转发报文,因此转为使用第一网络设备的地址,如IP地址,转发应发至目的网络设备的报文,从而保证业务运作正常。
另外,考虑第三网络设备在通过路由撤销或路由学习的方式确定第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,而使用第一网络设备的地址转发报文之前,仍有可能在一段时间内使用第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址转发报文,因而第二网络设备在与目的网络设备之间的连接出现故障时,仍有可能接收到第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文。此种情形下,第二网络设备可以根据本地路由转发表项的备用下一跳,将报文转发至第一网络设备,继而由第一网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
第十二方面,提供了一种发送路由的装置,所述处理路由的装置具有实现上述第十一方面或第十一方面任一可选方式中所述方法提供的功能。所述处理路由的装置包括至少一个模块,所述至少一个模块用于实现上述第十一方面或第十一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法。所述至少一个模块可以是软件模块、硬件模块或者软硬件结合的模块。
第十三方面,提供了一种网络设备,所述网络设备包括处理器。所述处理器被配置为用于执行计算机程序以实现上述第十一方面或第十一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法。所述网络设备还可以包括存储器,所述存储器中存储有所述计算机程序,以及存储用于实现上述第十一方面或第十一方面任一可选方式所述的发送路由的方法中所涉及的数据。所 述网络设备还可以包括收发器,所述收发器用于接收或发送上述第十一方面或第十一方面任一可选方式所提供的发送路由的方法中所涉及的数据。
第十四方面,提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第十一方面所述的处理路由的方法。
第十五方面,提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当其在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第十一方面所述的处理路由的方法。
上述第十二方面、第十三方面、第十四方面和第十五方面所获得的技术效果与上述第十一方面中对应的技术手段获得的技术效果近似,在这里不再赘述。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种网络系统的示意图;
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种路由发布过程的流程图;
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种路由撤销过程的流程图;
图4是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络系统的示意图;
图5是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络系统的示意图;
图6是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络系统的示意图;
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络系统的示意图;
图8是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络系统的示意图;
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种发送路由的方法的流程图;
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的方法的流程图;
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种处理路由的方法的流程图;
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图;
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种发送路由的装置的结构示意图;
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的装置的结构示意图;
图15是本申请实施例提供的另一种处理路由的装置的结构示意图;
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种网络设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本申请的实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
应当理解的是,本申请实施例提及的“多个”是指两个或两个以上。在本申请实施例的描述中,除非另有说明,“/”表示或的意思,例如,A/B可以表示A或B;本文中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案,采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定,并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
在对本申请实施例进行详细地解释说明之前,对本申请实施例涉及的应用场景予以说明。
本申请实施例涉及的网络系统包括分别与目的网络设备连接的第一网络设备和第二网络设备。所述目的网络设备为通过所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备接收业务流量的网络设备。所述目的网络设备可以直接与所述第一网络设备和第二网络设备连接,例如可以是CE设备,所述CE设备双归属连接到作为PE设备的第一网络设备和第二网络设备。所述目的网络设备也可以非直连到所述第一网络设备和第二网络设备,例如所述目的网络设备为与所述CE设备连接的用户设备,发往所述用户设备的流量可以通过所述第一网络设备或所述第二网络设备发送给所述CE设备,并由所述CE设备转发至所述用户设备。该网络系统还可以包括第三网络设备,所述第三网络设备与所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备连接,例如,所述第三网络设备也可以是PE设备,并作为所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的边界网关协议(Border Gateway Protocol,BGP)邻居设备。
第一网络设备、第二网络设备和第三网络设备均可以是具备数据转发功能的设备,如可以是交换机、路由器等。目的网络设备可以是具备数据转发功能的设备,也可以是用户终端设备。目的网络设备、第一网络设备、第二网络设备和第三网络设备的类型可以相同也可以不同。
仍以图1示出的网络系统示意图为例,接下来以目的网络设备为CE1设备、第一网络设备为PE1设备、第二网络设备为PE2设备、第三网络设备为PE3设备为例来进行说明。
图1示出的网络系统可以作为本申请实施例的一种应用场景。参见图1,该网络系统包括分别与CE1设备连接的PE1设备和PE2设备。也即,CE1设备双归属连接到PE1设备和PE2设备。PE1设备和PE2设备为BGP邻居设备。该网络系统还包括PE3设备,PE3设备是PE1设备和PE2设备的BGP邻居设备。其他CE设备(如图1中所示的CE2设备)可以连接到PE3设备。
PE1设备可以向其邻居设备,包括PE2设备和PE3设备,发送CE1设备的第一路由信息。PE2设备也可以向其邻居设备,包括PE1设备和PE3设备,发送CE1设备的第二路由信息。CE1设备的路由信息可以用于指示到达CE1设备的报文传输路径,也即,接收CE1设备的路由信息可以确定到达CE1设备的报文传输路径。CE1设备的路由信息可以包括目的地址和下一跳地址。所述第一路由信息中的目的地址是CE1设备的地址,下一跳地址是PE1设备的地址。所述第二路由信息中的目的地址也是CE1设备的地址,下一跳地址是PE2设备的地址。
可以理解地,上述场景以目的网络设备为CE1设备为例,因此路由信息中携带的目的地址为CE设备的地址,具体可以是互联网协议(Internet Protocol,IP)地址。在其他可能的应用场景中,目的网络设备还可以是与CE1设备连接的其他设备,如用户侧网络设备、用户主机等。当目的网络设备为用户侧网络设备时,目的地址可以为所述用户侧网络设备的IP地址。当目的网络设备为用户主机时,目的地址可以为某个用户主机的IP地址,也可以为路由前缀,所述路由前缀为覆盖多个用户主机中的部分或全部的网段地址,所述多个用户主机与CE1设备连接。
当PE3设备接收到CE2设备发往CE1设备的报文时,可以根据接收的所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,沿相应的报文传输路径将报文转发至PE1设备和PE2设备。PE1设备接收到PE3设备发往CE1设备的报文后,可以根据报文传输路径将报文转发至CE1设备。同样,PE2设备接收到PE3设备发往CE1设备的报文后,可以根据报文传输路径将报文转发 至CE1设备。
在一种可能的实现方式中,PE1设备和PE2设备作为双归PE,在发布路由信息时可以使用共享的共同地址,如相同的loopback地址,作为路由信息中的下一跳,以使得接收该路由信息的PE3设备根据该相同的地址实现流量的负载分担。但如前提及的,当CE1设备与PE1设备之间出现链路故障时,采用这种方式会导致PE3设备仍然会将流量的报文转发到PE1设备,导致PE1设备的路由计算出现问题,从而导致报文难以正常转发。
为此,本申请实施例提供发送路由的方法和处理路由的方法,相应方法可以应用于图1所示的网络系统中,以解决网络设备使用共享的共同地址发布路由时导致的报文无法正常转发的问题。
下面对发送路由的方法和处理路由的方法中的路由发布过程进行说明:
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种路由发布过程的流程图。参见图2,该过程包括:
201:PE1设备发送CE1设备的第一路由信息。
第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,第一目的地址包括CE1设备的地址,第一主用下一跳地址包括PE1设备和PE2设备的共同地址,第一备用下一跳地址包括PE1设备的地址。
由于CE1设备双归属连接到PE1设备和PE2设备,所以PE1设备和PE2设备作为一对双归网络设备,可以部署有共同地址,该共同地址可以是loopback地址。而作为备用下一跳的地址类型可以是IP地址,也即所述第一备用下一跳地址可以是PE1设备的IP地址。在其他情形下,共同地址的类型或作为备用下一跳地址的类型也可以是其他地址类型,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型可以不同,或者,在某些情形下,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型也允许相同,但至少能够通过某种方式予以区分,如具体内容或取值不同,或者具有不同的区分标识等。CE1设备的地址可以是CE1设备的IP地址。
本申请实施例中,CE1设备的第一路由信息中的目的地址为第一目的地址(即CE1设备的地址),第一路由信息中的下一跳地址包括第一主用下一跳地址(即PE1设备和PE2设备的共同地址),还包括第一备用下一跳地址(即PE1设备的地址)。如此,接收到第一路由信息的其他网络设备不仅可以存储PE1设备和PE2设备的共同地址,还可以存储PE1设备的地址,从而便于其他网络设备在PE2设备与CE1设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据第一备用下一跳地址来正常转发报文。
作为可能的情形,第一路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送。接下来,以路由类型为BGP路由为例进行说明。
示例地,若第一路由信息携带于一条BGP路由中,则第一目的地址可以携带于第一BGP路由中的目的地址字段。在一种方式中,第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于不同的属性字段,即第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的第一属性字段,第一备用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的第二属性字段。如第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的下一跳字段,第一备用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由中的扩展团体(extended communities)属性字段,如此是通过两个不同的字段来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳。或者,在另一种方式中,第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址均可以携带于同一字段,并通过指示位来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳,并且在一些情形中,可以通过指示位来指示接收方需使用主用下一跳还是备用下一跳转发报文。
示例地,若第一路由信息携带于两条BGP路由中,则第一目的地址可以分别携带于这两条BGP路由中的目的地址字段。第一主用下一跳地址可以携带于一条BGP路由的下一跳字段,第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于另一条BGP路由的下一跳字段,此时这两条BGP路由中可以增加指示位来指示主用下一跳和备用下一跳。该指示位可以包括一位,也可以包括多位。当指示位为一位时,可以通过置0和置1区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳,当指示位为多位时,可以通过不同的优先级取值区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳。
PE1设备发送CE1设备的第一路由信息时,可以向其邻居设备发送CE1设备的第一路由信息,如可以向PE2设备和PE3设备发送CE1设备的第一路由信息。
202:PE2设备从PE1设备接收CE1设备的所述第一路由信息,生成路由转发表项。
该路由转发表项的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第一备用下一跳地址。
在三层转发场景下,PE2设备从PE1设备接收到CE1设备的第一路由信息后,可以确定自身与PE1设备存在双归关系,即可以确定CE1设备是双归属连接到自身和PE1设备。在二层转发场景下,PE2设备在自身与PE1设备具有相同的以太网段标识符(Ethernet Segment Identifier,ESI)时,可以确定自身与PE1设备存在双归关系。
PE2设备确定自身与PE1设备存在双归关系时,可以直接根据PE1设备发送的CE1设备的第一路由信息中的第一备用下一跳地址生成路由转发表项,即可以直接根据PE1设备的地址生成路由转发表项。也就是说,该路由转发表项中的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的主用下一跳为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳为PE1设备的地址。其中,该路由转发表项可以用于指导CE1设备和PE2设备之间出现链路故障时的报文转发。该路由转发表项可以是快速重路由(Fast Reroute,FRR)表项等。
本申请实施例中,若PE2设备和CE1设备之间出现连接故障,则PE2设备可以根据该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳地址,即根据PE1设备的地址,将需要发往CE1设备的报文直接转发至PE1设备,继而由PE1设备将报文转发至CE1设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
PE2设备不仅可以接收PE1设备发送的CE1设备的第一路由信息,其同样也可以发送CE1设备的第二路由信息,具体如下操作203所述。
203:PE2设备发送CE1设备的第二路由信息。
第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,第二目的地址包括CE1设备的地址,第二主用下一跳地址包括PE1设备和PE2设备的共同地址,第二备用下一跳地址包括PE2设备的地址。
本申请实施例中,CE1设备的第二路由信息中的目的地址为第二目的地址(即CE1设备的地址),第二路由信息中的下一跳地址包括第二主用下一跳地址(即PE1设备和PE2设备的所述共同地址),还包括第二备用下一跳地址(即PE2设备的地址)。如此,接收到第二路由信息的其他网络设备不仅可以存储PE1设备和PE2设备的共同地址,还可以存储PE2设备的地址,从而便于其他网络设备在PE1设备与CE1设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据第二备用下一跳地址来正常转发报文。上述CE1设备的地址和PE2设备的所述备用下一跳地址均可以是IP地址,或者也可以是区别于所述共同地址的其他地址。
作为可能的情形,第二路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送。接下来,以路由类型为BGP路由为例进行说明。
示例地,若第二路由信息携带于一条BGP路由中,则第二目的地址可以携带于第二BGP路由中的目的地址字段。在一种方式中,第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址可以携带于不同的属性字段,即第二主用下一跳地址携带于第二BGP路由的第三属性字段,第二备用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由的第四属性字段。如第二主用下一跳地址携带于第二BGP路由的下一跳字段,第二备用下一跳地址携带于第二BGP路由中的扩展团体属性字段,如此是通过两个不同的字段来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳。或者,在另一种方式中,作为另一种可能的实现方式,第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址均可以携带于同一字段,并通过添加指示位来区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳,并且在一些情形中,可以通过指示位来指示接收方需使用主用下一跳还是备用下一跳转发报文。
示例地,若第二路由信息携带于两条BGP路由中,则第二目的地址可以分别携带于这两条BGP路由中的目的地址字段。第二主用下一跳地址可以携带于一条BGP路由的下一跳字段,第二备用下一跳地址可以携带于另一条BGP路由的下一跳字段,此时这两条BGP路由中可以增加指示位来指示主用下一跳和备用下一跳。该指示位可以包括一位,也可以包括多位。当指示位为一位时,可以通过置0和置1区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳,当指示位为多位时,可以通过不同的优先级取值区分主用下一跳和备用下一跳。
PE2设备发送CE1设备的所述第二路由信息时,可以向其邻居设备发送CE1设备的第二路由信息,如可以向PE1设备和PE3设备发送CE1设备的所述第二路由信息。
204:PE1设备从PE2设备接收CE1设备的所述第二路由信息,生成路由转发表项。
PE1设备根据所述第二路由信息生成PE1设备中的路由转发表项的过程,可参见202中PE2设备根据所述第一路由信息生成PE2设备中的路由转发表项的描述,这里不再赘述。
205:PE3设备从PE1设备接收CE1设备的所述第一路由信息,以及从PE2设备接收CE1设备的所述第二路由信息,根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址向CE1设备发送第一报文。
由于第一路由信息和第二路由信息均是CE1设备的路由信息,所以PE3设备确定接收到了CE1设备的双份路由,此时对于需要发往CE1设备的第一报文,PE3设备就可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址来向CE1设备发送第一报文。
具体地,PE3设备可以根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,生成PE3设备中的路由转发表项,该PE3设备中的路由转发表项的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,且下一跳为该共同地址。PE3设备根据该路由转发表项的下一跳向CE1设备发送第一报文。具体地,PE3设备可以根据该共同地址查找出接口并进行报文转发,或者PE3设备可以根据该共同地址进行隧道迭代,以确定相应的隧道信息进行报文转发。这种情况下,PE3设备根据负载分担策略将第一报文发送给PE1设备或PE2设备,由PE1设备或PE2设备将第一报文转发至CE1设备。
本申请实施例中,PE3设备可以接收PE1设备发送的CE1设备的第一路由信息以及接收PE2设备发送的CE1设备的第二路由信息。第一路由信息和第二路由信息中的目的地址均为CE1设备的地址。第一路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括PE1设备的地址。第二路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括PE2设备的地址。如此,PE3设备不仅可以存储该共同地址,还可以存储PE1设备的地址和PE2设备的地址,从而便于PE3设备在PE1设备和PE2设备中的一个PE设备与CE1设备之间出现连 接故障时可以直接根据另一个PE设备的地址来正常转发报文。
下面对发送路由的方法和处理路由的方法中的路由撤销过程进行说明:
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种路由撤销过程的流程图。参见图3,该过程包括:
301:根据PE2设备和CE1设备之间出现连接故障,PE2设备向PE1设备和PE3设备发送用于撤销CE1设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
撤销路由消息用于指示之前发布的路由已不可达。对于PE2设备来说,其发送的撤销路由消息用于撤销之前发送的CE1设备的第二路由信息,即指示需要删除第二路由信息。
PE2设备和CE1设备之间出现的连接故障可以包括PE2设备的接口故障、PE2设备与CE1设备之间的链路故障等。当PE2设备和CE1设备之间出现连接故障时,PE2设备与CE1设备之间的报文传输路径不通,因而PE2设备可以发送撤销路由消息来撤销之前发送的第二路由信息。
302:PE1设备从PE2设备接收用于撤销CE1设备的路由的所述撤销路由消息,根据所述撤销路由消息发送CE1设备的第三路由信息。
第三路由信息携带所述第一备用下一跳地址,也即PE1设备的地址,并用于指示PE3设备使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达CE1设备的下一跳地址。
PE1设备从PE2设备接收到撤销路由消息后,可以确定自身与PE2设备的双归关系已经不存在,此时PE1设备可以更新自身发布的路由,即可以发送CE1设备的第三路由信息。
作为一种示例,第三路由信息可以包括所述第一目的地址和所述第一备用下一跳地址,而不再携带所述第一主用下一跳地址,即PE1设备和PE2设备的所述共同地址。所述第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于第三路由信息的下一跳字段。例如,若第三路由信息携带于BGP路由中,则所述第一目的地址可以携带于该BGP路由中的目的地址字段。所述第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于该BGP路由的下一跳字段。
作为另一种示例,第三路由信息仍可以包括所述第一目的地址、第一备用下一跳地址和第一主用下一跳地址,但通过指示位来指示所述第一主用下一跳地址已不可用。例如,若第三路由信息携带于BGP路由中,则所述第一目的地址可以携带于该BGP路由中的目的地址字段。所述第一备用下一跳地址可以携带于该BGP路由的下一跳字段,所述第一主用下一跳地址可以携带于该BGP路由中的扩展团体属性字段,并在此扩展团体属性字段中增加指示位来指示所述第一主用下一跳地址已不可用。或者,所述第一备用下一跳地址和第一主用下一跳地址均可以携带于该BGP路由的同一属性字段,如下一跳字段,并配合使用指示位来指示第一主用下一跳地址已不可用,或者优先使用所述第一备用下一跳地址。
另外,由于操作204中的路由转发表项中的第二备用下一跳地址是根据PE2设备发送的CE1设备的第二路由信息生成的,所以PE1设备接收到PE2设备发送的撤销路由消息后,还可以根据该撤销路由消息更新该路由转发表项,如删除FRR路由转发表项中的第二备用下一跳地址以进行更新。
PE1设备向PE3设备发送第一路由信息或第三路由信息后,PE1设备可以接收PE3设备发往CE1设备的报文。也就是说,PE1设备可以接收PE3设备发送的目的地址为CE1设备的地址的报文。之后,PE1设备可以根据本地路由转发表项来对报文进行转发。
作为一种示例,该本地路由转发表项中的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的主用下一跳为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳为PE2设备的地址。该 本地路由转发表项的生成过程可参见S204和S202中的相应描述。这种情况下,对于发往CE1设备的报文,PE1设备可以在自身和CE1设备之间未出现连接故障时,根据该路由转发表项的主用下一跳直接将报文转发至CE1设备。图3虽然以PE2和CE1设备之间出现连接故障作为举例,但可以理解地,PE1和CE1设备之间也可能出现连接故障,此时PE1可以根据该本地路由转发表项的备用下一跳将报文转发至PE2设备,由PE2设备将报文转发至CE1设备。
接下来,仍以在PE2设备和CE1设备之间出现连接故障作为示例,PE3可以执行如下操作303或304。
303:PE3设备从PE2设备接收用于撤销CE1设备的路由的所述撤销路由消息,根据所述撤销路由消息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向CE1设备发送第二报文。
具体地,当PE3设备从PE2设备接收到该撤销路由消息时,可以根据该撤销路由消息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为PE1设备的地址,如PE1设备的IP地址。也即,PE3设备此时不再根据PE1设备和PE2设备的所述共同地址向CE1设备发送第二报文。这种情况下,PE3设备将第二报文转发至PE1设备,由PE1设备将第二报文转发至CE1设备。
304:PE3设备从PE1设备接收CE1设备的第三路由信息,根据第三路由信息,使用第一备用下一跳地址向CE1设备发送第二报文。
具体地,当PE3设备从PE1设备接收到CE1设备的第三路由信息时,可以根据所述第三路由信息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为CE1设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为PE1设备的地址,与303类似地,PE3设备将第二报文转发至PE1设备,由PE1设备将第二报文转发至CE1设备。
值得注意的是,在某些情形下,PE3设备具备路由学习能力,但是不具备路由撤销能力。在PE3设备不具备路由撤销能力时,PE3设备可以根据上述操作304实现报文转发,即仅通过学习路由即可确定使用备用下一跳转发报文的时机。在PE3设备具备路由撤销能力时,PE3设备可以根据上述操作303和操作304中的任一种操作实现报文转发。此外,PE3设备在根据接收到的所述撤销路由消息或所述第三路由信息更新路由转发表项时,一种可能的方式是将下一跳信息由所述共同地址替换为所述第一备用下一跳地址,另一种可能的方式是更新标识位以指示下一跳信息中的所述共同地址当前不可用,而需使用所述第一备用下一跳地址转发报文。
上述对CE1设备双归属连接到PE1设备和PE2设备的情况进行了说明。实际应用中,还可能存在CE1设备多归属连接到至少三个PE设备。如图4所示,CE1设备三归属连接到PE1设备、PE2设备和PE4设备,PE3设备是PE1设备、PE2设备和PE4设备的邻居设备。
这种情况下,该至少三个PE设备中的任意一个PE设备执行的操作与上述PE1设备或PE2设备执行的操作类似,本申请实施例对此不再赘述。当所述至少三个PE设备中的任意一个与CE1设备出现连接故障时,若PE3设备接收到该至少三个PE设备中的任意一个PE设备发送的撤销路由消息,则可以不使用该至少三个PE设备的共同地址进行报文转发,而使用该至少三个PE设备中除这个PE设备之外的其他一个或多个PE设备的地址,如根据所述其他一个或多个PE设备的IP地址作为下一跳地址来向CE1设备发送报文;或者,若PE3设备接收到该至少三个PE设备中的任意一个PE设备发送的更新路由信息,所述更新路由信息为 所述任意一个PE设备根据其他多归PE设备发送的所述路由撤销消息生成,则PE3设备不使用该至少三个PE设备的共同地址进行报文转发,而是使用除出现上述连接故障外的其他一个或多个PE设备的地址作为下一跳地址来向CE1设备发送报文。所述至少三个PE设备中的任意一个可以根据接收到的其他多归PE设备发送的路由信息,建立本地路由转发表项,所述本地路由转发表项中可以包括一个或多个备用下一跳地址。在至少三个PE设备中的任意一个与CE1设备出现连接故障时,其他PE设备可以根据接收到该任意一个PE设备发送的撤销路由消息,更新所述本地路由转发表项。
为了便于理解,下面结合图5-图8所示的网络系统,对上述方法进行举例说明。假设CE1设备的地址为1.1.1.1,PE1设备的地址为10.1.1.1,PE2设备的地址为10.1.1.2,PE1设备与PE2设备的共同地址为9.9.9.9。CE1和PE1之间的端口地址为192.168.1.1,CE1和PE2之间的端口地址为192.168.1.2。
正常状态下,PE1设备发送CE1设备的第一路由信息,PE2设备发送CE1设备的第二路由信息。PE1设备接收到第二路由信息后可以进行路由学习,PE2设备接收到第一路由信息后可以进行路由学习,PE3设备接收到第一路由信息和第二路由信息后可以进行路由学习。示意地,PE1设备、PE2设备和PE3设备学习到的路由如图5所示,PE1设备、PE2设备和PE3设备根据其学习到的路由生成的路由转发表项如图6所示。示意地,参见图6,PE1设备主要根据端口地址192.168.1.1向CE1设备直接转发报文,可以将PE2设备的地址10.1.1.2作为故障时的备选。PE2设备主要根据端口地址192.168.1.2向CE1设备直接转发报文,可以将PE1设备的地址10.1.1.1作为故障时的备选。PE3设备根据PE1设备与PE2设备的共同地址9.9.9.9转发报文。
示意地,如图7所示,在PE2设备与CE1设备之间出现连接故障时,PE2设备可以感知到此连接故障。这种情况下,若PE2设备接收到PE3设备向CE1设备发送的报文,则根据其路由转发表项中的备用下一跳10.1.1.1将报文转发至PE1设备,由PE1设备将报文转发至CE1设备。
PE2设备感知到此连接故障后,可以更新PE2的路由转发表项,并可以发送撤销路由消息。PE1设备接收到该撤销路由消息后,更新PE1的路由转发表项,并同时发送第三路由消息。该第三路由消息用于指示作为主用下一跳的共同地址9.9.9.9不再可用。PE3设备接收到该撤销路由消息或接收到第三路由信息后,可以更新自身的路由转发表项。PE1设备、PE2设备和PE3设备更新后的路由转发表项如图8所示。参见图8,PE2设备根据PE1设备的地址10.1.1.1转发报文。PE1设备根据端口地址1.1.1.1转发报文。PE3设备根据PE1设备的地址10.1.1.1转发报文。
可以理解地,图5-8作为一种示意,主要用于呈现能够实现本申请实施例所述方法的关键信息。在实际应用中,各PE设备生成用于报文转发的路由表和转发表的具体方式,以及路由表和转发表所包括的具体内容和构成样式,可以结合具体应用场景进行设计。
本申请实施例提供的发送路由的方法和处理路由的方法应用于网络系统,该网络系统包括分别与目的网络设备连接的第一网络设备和第二网络设备,以及可以包括第三网络设备。
下面对第一网络设备发送路由的过程进行说明:
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种发送路由的方法的流程图。该方法可以由第一网络设备执行,该第一网络设备例如可以是图1-3中的PE1设备。参见图9,该方法包括:
901:第一网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,第一目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第一主用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,第一备用下一跳地址包括第一网络设备的地址。
由于目的网络设备双归属连接到第一网络设备和第二网络设备,所以第一网络设备和第二网络设备作为一对双归网络设备,可以部署有共同地址,该共同地址可以是loopback地址。而作为备用下一跳的地址类型可以是IP地址,也即所述第一备用下一跳地址可以是第一网络设备的IP地址。在其他情形下,共同地址的类型或作为备用下一跳地址的类型也可以是其他地址类型,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型可以不同,或者,在某些情形下,共同地址的类型和备用下一跳地址的类型也允许相同,但至少能够通过某种方式予以区分,如具体内容或取值不同,或者具有不同的区分标识等。目的网络设备的地址可以是目的网络设备的IP地址。
本申请实施例中,目的网络设备的第一路由信息中的目的地址为第一目的地址(即目的网络设备的地址),第一路由信息中的下一跳地址包括第一主用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址),还包括第一备用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备的地址)。如此,接收到第一路由信息的其他网络设备不仅可以存储第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址,还可以存储第一网络设备的地址,从而便于其他网络设备在第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时直接根据第一备用下一跳地址来正常转发报文。
作为可能的情形,第一路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送,具体可以参考201中关于所述第一路由信息携带方式的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
第一网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息时,可以向其邻居设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息,如可以向作为其邻居的第二网络设备和第三网络设备发送目的网络设备的第一路由信息。
可选地,第一网络设备还可以从第二网络设备接收目的网络设备的第二路由信息,然后生成路由转发表项。
第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,第二目的地址包括目的网络设备的地址,第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,第二备用下一跳地址包括第二网络设备的地址。
作为可能的情形,第二路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送,具体可以参考203中关于所述第二路由信息携带方式的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
该路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第二备用下一跳地址。
在三层转发场景下,第一网络设备从第二网络设备接收到目的网络设备的第二路由信息后,可以确定自身与第二网络设备存在双归关系,即可以确定目的网络设备是双归属连接到自身和第二网络设备。在二层转发场景下,第一网络设备在自身与第二网络设备具有相同的ESI时,可以确定自身与第二网络设备存在双归关系。
第一网络设备确定自身与第二网络设备存在双归关系时,可以直接根据第二网络设备发 送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息中的第二备用下一跳地址生成路由转发表项,即可以直接根据第二网络设备的地址生成路由转发表项。也就是说,该路由转发表项中的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的主用下一跳为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳为第二网络设备的地址。其中,该路由转发表项可以用于指导目的网络设备和第一网络设备之间出现链路故障时的报文转发,该路由转发表项可以是FRR表项等。
本申请实施例中,若第一网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,则第一网络设备可以根据该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳地址,即根据第二网络设备的地址,将需要发往目的网络设备的报文直接转发至第二网络设备,继而由第二网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
进一步地,第一网络设备还可以从第二网络设备接收用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息,然后根据该撤销路由消息发送目的网络设备的第三路由信息。
撤销路由消息用于指示之前发布的路由已不可达。对于第二网络设备来说,其发送的撤销路由消息用于撤销之前发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息,即指示需要删除第二路由信息。
第三路由信息包括第一目的地址,第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用第一备用下一跳地址作为到达目的网络设备的下一跳地址。也就是说,第三路由信息可以携带所述第一备用下一跳地址,也即第一网络设备的地址。第三路由信息的具体携带方式可以参考302中的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
第一网络设备从第二网络设备接收到撤销路由消息后,可以确定自身与第二网络设备的双归关系已经不存在,此时第一网络设备可以更新自身发布的路由,即可以发送目的网络设备的第三路由信息。
由于第一网络设备的本地路由转发表项中的第二备用下一跳地址是根据第二网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息生成的,所以第一网络设备接收到第二网络设备发送的撤销路由消息后,还可以根据该撤销路由消息删除该路由转发表项,如FRR路由转发表项中的第二备用下一跳地址。
第一网络设备向第三网络设备发送第一路由信息或第三路由信息后,第一网络设备可以接收第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文。也就是说,第一网络设备可以接收第三网络设备发送的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址的报文。之后,第一网络设备可以根据本地路由转发表项来对报文进行转发。
下面对第二网络设备处理路由的过程进行说明:
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的方法的流程图。该方法可以由第二网络设备执行,该第二网络设备例如可以是图1-3中的PE2设备。参见图10,该方法包括:
1001:第二网络设备接收第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息,然后生成路由转发表项。
第二网络设备生成的路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为第一备用下一跳地址。
在三层转发场景下,第二网络设备从第一网络设备接收到目的网络设备的第一路由信息后,可以确定自身与第一网络设备存在双归关系,即可以确定目的网络设备是双归属连接到自身和第一网络设备。在二层转发场景下,第二网络设备在自身与第一网络设备具有相同的 ESI时,可以确定自身与第一网络设备存在双归关系。
第二网络设备确定自身与第一网络设备存在双归关系时,可以直接根据第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息中的第一备用下一跳地址生成路由转发表项,即可以直接根据第一网络设备的地址生成路由转发表项。也就是说,该路由转发表项中的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的主用下一跳为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳为第一网络设备的地址。其中,该路由转发表项可以用于指导目的网络设备和第二网络设备之间出现链路故障时的报文转发,该路由转发表项可以是FRR表项等。
本申请实施例中,若第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,则第二网络设备可以根据该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳地址,即根据第一网络设备的地址,将需要发往目的网络设备的报文直接转发至第一网络设备,继而由第一网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
可选地,第二网络设备可以发送目的网络设备的第二路由信息,具体可以向其邻居设备发送目的网络设备的第二路由信息。例如,第二网络设备可以向第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送目的网络设备的第二路由信息。
作为可能的情形,第二路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送,具体可以参考203中关于所述第二路由信息携带方式的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
进一步地,根据第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,第二网络设备还可以向第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
撤销路由消息用于指示之前发布的路由已不可达。对于第二网络设备来说,其发送的撤销路由消息用于撤销之前发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息,即指示需要删除第二路由信息。
第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现的连接故障可以包括第二网络设备的接口故障、第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间的链路故障等。当第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间的报文传输路径不通,因而第二网络设备可以发送撤销路由消息来撤销之前发送的第二路由信息。
另外,在第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,若第二网络设备接收到第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文,则可以根据本地路由转发表项的备用下一跳将报文转发至第一网络设备。继而由第一网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
下面对第三网络设备处理路由的过程进行说明:
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的方法的流程图。该方法可以由第三网络设备执行,该第三网络设备例如可以是图1-3中的PE3设备。参见图11,该方法包括:
1101:第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收目的网络设备的第一路由信息,以及从第二网络设备接收目的网络设备的第二路由信息。
作为可能的情形,第一路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送,具体可以参考201中关于所述第一路由信息携带方式的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
作为可能的情形,第二路由信息可以携带于一条路由中或者两条路由中发送,具体可以参考203中关于所述第二路由信息携带方式的相关描述,这里不再赘述。
1102:根据接收到第一路由信息和第二路由信息,第三网络设备使用第一网络设备和第 二网络设备的共同地址作为下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第一报文。
由于第一路由信息和第二路由信息均是目的网络设备的路由信息,所以第三网络设备确定接收到了目的网络设备的双份路由,此时对于需要发往目的网络设备的第一报文,第三网络设备就可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址来向目的网络设备发送第一报文。
具体地,第三网络设备可以根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,生成第三网络设备中的路由转发表项,该第三网络设备中的路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,且下一跳为该共同地址。第三网络设备根据该路由转发表项的下一跳向目的网络设备发送第一报文。具体地,第三网络设备可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳查询转发表项,根据所述转发表项向目的网络设备发送第一报文;或者,第三网络设备可以使用所述共同地址作为下一跳迭代隧道,根据所述隧道的隧道信息向目的网络设备发送第一报文。这种情况下,第三网络设备根据负载分担策略将第一报文发送给第一网络设备或第二网络设备,由第一网络设备或第二网络设备将第一报文转发至目的网络设备。
本申请实施例中,第三网络设备可以接收第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息以及接收第二网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息。第一路由信息和第二路由信息中的目的地址均为目的网络设备的地址。第一路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第一网络设备的地址。第二路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第二网络设备的地址。如此,第三网络设备不仅可以存储该共同地址,还可以存储第一网络设备的地址和第二网络设备的地址,从而便于第三网络设备在第一网络设备和第二网络设备中的一个网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据另一个网络设备的地址来正常转发报文。
在第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,会出现如下两种情况:
第一种情况:第三网络设备从第二网络设备接收用于撤销目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息,根据所述撤销路由消息,使用第一备用下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。
具体地,当第三网络设备从第二网络设备接收到该撤销路由消息时,可以根据该撤销路由消息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为第一网络设备的地址,如第一网络设备的IP地址。也即,第三网络设备此时不再根据第一网络设备和第二网络设备的所述共同地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。这种情况下,第三网络设备将第二报文转发至第一网络设备,由第一网络设备将第二报文转发至目的网络设备。
第二种情况:第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收目的网络设备的第三路由信息,根据第三路由信息,使用第一备用下一跳地址向目的网络设备发送第二报文。
具体地,当第三网络设备从第一网络设备接收到目的网络设备的第三路由信息时,可以根据所述第三路由信息更新路由转发表项,该路由转发表项的目的地址为目的网络设备的地址,该路由转发表项的下一跳为第一网络设备的地址,与第一种情况类似地,第三网络设备将第二报文转发至第一网络设备,由第一网络设备将第二报文转发至目的网络设备。
值得注意的是,在某些情形下,第三网络设备具备路由学习能力,但是不具备路由撤销能力。在第三网络设备不具备路由撤销能力时,第三网络设备可以根据上述第二种情况实现报文转发。在第三网络设备具备路由撤销能力时,第三网络设备可以根据上述第一种情况和第二种情况中的任一种情况实现报文转发。此外,第三网络设备在根据接收到的所述撤销路 由消息或所述第三路由信息更新路由转发表项时,一种可能的方式是将下一跳信息由所述共同地址替换为所述第一备用下一跳地址,另一种可能的方式是更新标识位以指示下一跳信息中的所述共同地址当前不可用,而需使用所述第一备用下一跳地址转发报文。
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种网络设备的结构示意图。该网络设备可以是图1-图3实施例中所示的PE1设备、PE2设备或PE3设备,也可以是上述图9-图11实施例中所述的第一网络设备、第二网络设备或第三网络设备。参见图12,该网络设备可以包括至少一个处理器1201以及至少一个通信接口1204。该网络设备还可以包括通信总线1202、存储器1203。
处理器1201可以是微处理器(包括中央处理器(central processing unit,CPU)等)、特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit,ASIC),或者可以是一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信接口1204使用任何收发器一类的装置,用于与其它设备或通信网络通信,如以太网、无线接入网(radio access network,RAN)、无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)等。
存储器1203可以是只读存储器(read-only memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory,RAM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-Only memory,EEPROM)、光盘(包括只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory,CD-ROM)、压缩光盘、激光盘、数字通用光盘、蓝光光盘等)、磁盘存储介质或者其它磁存储设备,或者是能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其它介质,但不限于此。存储器1203可以是独立存在,并通过通信总线1202与处理器1201相连接。存储器1203也可以和处理器1201集成在一起。
通信总线1202可包括一通路,用于在上述组件之间传送信息。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,处理器1201可以包括一个或多个CPU,如图12中所示的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,网络设备可以包括多个处理器,如图12中所示的处理器1201和处理器1205。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核处理器,也可以是一个多核处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中,作为一种实施例,网络设备还可以包括输出设备1206和输入设备1207。输出设备1206和处理器1201通信,可以以多种方式来显示信息。例如,输出设备1206可以是液晶显示器(liquid crystal display,LCD)、发光二级管(light emitting diode,LED)显示设备、阴极射线管(cathode ray tube,CRT)显示设备或投影仪(projector)等。输入设备1207和处理器1201通信,可以以多种方式接收用户的输入。例如,输入设备1207可以是鼠标、键盘、触摸屏设备或传感设备等。
上述网络设备例如可以是路由器、交换机、PE设备、网络服务器、交换机或台式机,也可以是其他类型的通信设备或嵌入式设备等,本申请实施例不特别限定网络设备的类型。
当网络设备包括存储器1203时,该存储器1203用于存储执行本申请方案的程序代码1210,处理器1201用于执行存储器1203中存储的程序代码1210。该网络设备可以通过处理器1201以及存储器1203中的程序代码1210,以实现上述实施例中由第一网络设备、第二网 络设备或第三网络设备执行的操作。在其他实现形式中,存储器也可以独立于网络设备存在,网络设备运行时可以调用该存储器中存储的程序代码,以实现上述实施例中由第一网络设备、第二网络设备或第三网络设备执行的操作。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种发送路由的装置的结构示意图,该装置可以由软件、硬件或者两者的结合实现成为第一网络设备的部分或者全部,第一网络设备可以为图12所示的网络设备。参见图13,该装置包括:
发送模块1301,用于发送所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址。
可选地,所述第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一BGP路由中的第一属性字段,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段。
可选地,所述发送模块1301用于:
向所述第二网络设备和第三网络设备发送所述目的网络设备的所述第一路由信息。
可选地,所述装置包括:
接收模块1302,用于从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
生成模块1303,用于生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第二备用下一跳地址。
可选地,所述装置还包括:
接收模块1302,用于从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
所述发送模块1301,还用于根据所述撤销路由消息发送所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一目的地址,所述第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址。
可选地,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第三路由信息的下一跳字段。
可选地,所述装置包括:
接收模块1302,用于在向第三网络设备发送所述第一路由信息后,接收所述第三网络设备发往所述目的网络设备的报文。
可选地,所述第一网络设备的地址为所述第一网络设备的IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
本申请实施例中,目的网络设备的第一路由信息中的目的地址为第一目的地址(即目的网络设备的地址),第一路由信息中的下一跳地址包括第一主用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址),还包括第一备用下一跳地址(即第一网络设备的地址)。如此,接收到第一路由信息的其他网络设备不仅可以存储第一网络设备和第二网络设备的共同地址, 还可以存储第一网络设备的地址,从而便于其他网络设备在第二网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据第一备用下一跳地址来正常转发报文。
需要说明的是:上述实施例提供的发送路由的装置在发送路由时,仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成,即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外,上述实施例提供的发送路由的装置与发送路由的方法实施例属于同一构思,其具体实现过程详见方法实施例,这里不再赘述。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的装置的结构示意图,该装置可以由软件、硬件或者两者的结合实现成为第二网络设备的部分或者全部,第二网络设备可以为图12所示的网络设备。参见图14,该装置包括:
接收模块1401,用于接收所述第一网络设备发送的所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
生成模块1402,用于生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第一备用下一跳地址。
可选地,所述装置包括:
发送模块,用于根据所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,向所述第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
可选地,所述装置包括发送模块;
所述接收模块1401,还用于接收第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文;
所述发送模块,用于在所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,根据所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳将所述报文转发至所述第一网络设备。
可选地,所述装置包括:
发送模块,用于发送第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
本申请实施例中,若第二网络设备和目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,则第二网络设备可以根据该路由转发表项中的备用下一跳地址,即根据第一网络设备的地址,将需要发往目的网络设备的报文直接转发至第一网络设备,继而由第一网络设备将报文转发至目的网络设备,从而可以保证报文的正常转发。
图15是本申请实施例提供的一种处理路由的装置的结构示意图,该装置可以由软件、硬件或者两者的结合实现成为第三网络设备的部分或者全部,第三网络设备可以为图12所示的网络设备。参见图15,该装置包括:
接收模块1501,用于从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中, 所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
接收模块1501,还用于从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
发送模块1502,用于根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第一报文。
可选地,所述共同地址分别携带于所述第一网络设备发送的第一BGP路由中的第一属性字段和所述第二网络设备发送的第二BGP路由中的第三属性字段,所述第一网络设备的地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段,所述第二网络设备的地址携带于所述第二BGP路由的第四属性字段。
可选地,
所述接收模块1501,还用于从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
所述发送模块1502,还用于根据所述撤销路由消息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
可选地,
所述接收模块1501,还用于从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息用于指示所述第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址;
所述发送模块1502,还用于根据所述第三路由信息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
可选地,所述发送模块1502用于:
使用所述共同地址作为下一跳查询转发表项,根据所述转发表项向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文;或者,
使用所述共同地址作为下一跳迭代隧道,根据所述隧道的隧道信息向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文。
可选地,所述第一备用下一跳的地址为所述第一网络设备的IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
本申请实施例中,第三网络设备可以接收第一网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第一路由信息以及接收第二网络设备发送的目的网络设备的第二路由信息。第一路由信息和第二路由信息中的目的地址均为目的网络设备的地址。第一路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第一网络设备的地址。第二路由信息中的下一跳地址不仅可以包括该共同地址,还可以包括第二网络设备的地址。如此,第三网络设备不仅可以存储该共同地址,还可以存储第一网络设备的地址和第二网络设备的地址,从而便于第三网络设备在第一网络设备和第二网络设备中的一个网络设备与目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时可以直接根据另一个网络设备的地址来正常转发报文。
需要说明的是:上述实施例提供的处理路由的装置在处理路由时,仅以上述各功能模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能模块完成,即将装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。另外,上述实施例提供的处理路由的装置与处理路由的方法实施例属于同一构思,其具体实现过程详见方法实施例,这里不再赘述。
图16示出了一种包括图13提供的发送路由的装置的网络设备。在一种实现方式中,如图16所示,所述发送路由的装置为软件模块形式。存储器1203可以存储程序代码和数据,所述程序代码按照可实现的功能可以划分为不同的程序模块。例如,所述程序代码和数据可以由处理器1201和/或处理器1205调用执行,以实现接收模块1301、发送模块1302和/或生成模块1303的功能。该网络设备还包括通信接口1204,在另一种实现方式中,也可以是存储器中包括软件形式的程序模块,该程序模块可以由处理器调用以实现生成模块1303的功能,例如生成转发表项、生成路由信息等,而接收模块1301和/或发送模块1302的功能则可以是通信接口1204或者收发器等执行,可以用于发送本地生成的路由,也可以用于接收其他设备发送的路由或报文等。
在上述实施例中,可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意结合来实现。当使用软件实现时,可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机指令时,全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络或其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输,例如,所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如:同轴电缆、光纤、数据用户线(Digital Subscriber Line,DSL))或无线(例如:红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质,或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如:软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如:数字通用光盘(Digital Versatile Disc,DVD))或半导体介质(例如:固态硬盘(Solid State Disk,SSD))等。
本领域技术人员应该可以意识到,在上述一个或多个示例中,本申请所描述的功能可以用硬件、软件、固件或它们的任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时,可以将这些功能存储在计算机可读介质中或者作为计算机可读介质上的一个或多个指令或代码进行传输。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质和通信介质,其中通信介质包括便于从一个地方向另一个地方传送计算机程序的任何介质。存储介质可以是通用或专用计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。
应理解,在本申请的各种实施例中,各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成唯一实现过程的限定。
以上所述为本申请提供的实施例,并不用以限制本申请,凡在本申请的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种发送路由的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    所述第一网络设备发送所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一边界网关协议BGP路由中的第一属性字段,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一网络设备发送所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,包括:
    所述第一网络设备向所述第二网络设备和第三网络设备发送所述目的网络设备的所述第一路由信息。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    所述第一网络设备从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
    所述第一网络设备生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第二备用下一跳地址。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述第一网络设备从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
    所述第一网络设备根据所述撤销路由消息发送所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一目的地址,所述第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第三路由信息的下一跳字段。
  7. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    在所述第一网络设备向第三网络设备发送所述第一路由信息后,所述第一网络设备接收所述第三网络设备发往所述目的网络设备的报文。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一网络设备的地址为所述第一网络设备的互联网协议IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
  9. 一种处理路由的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    第三网络设备从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所 述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
    所述第三网络设备从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
    根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,所述第三网络设备使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第一报文。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述共同地址分别携带于所述第一网络设备发送的第一边界网关协议BGP路由中的第一属性字段和所述第二网络设备发送的第二BGP路由中的第三属性字段,所述第一网络设备的地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段,所述第二网络设备的地址携带于所述第二BGP路由的第四属性字段。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述第三网络设备从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
    所述第三网络设备根据所述撤销路由消息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
  12. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
    所述第三网络设备从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息用于指示所述第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址;
    所述第三网络设备根据所述第三路由信息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第三网络设备使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第一报文,包括:
    所述第三网络设备使用所述共同地址作为下一跳查询转发表项,根据所述转发表项向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文;或者,
    所述第三网络设备使用所述共同地址作为下一跳迭代隧道,根据所述隧道的隧道信息向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文。
  14. 根据权利要求9-13任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述第一备用下一跳的地址为所述第一网络设备的互联网协议IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
  15. 一种处理路由的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    所述第二网络设备接收所述第一网络设备发送的所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
    所述第二网络设备生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第一备用下一跳地址。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    根据所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,所述第二网络设备向所述第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    所述第二网络设备接收第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文;
    在所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,所述第二网络设备根据所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳将所述报文转发至所述第一网络设备。
  18. 根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    所述第二网络设备发送第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
  19. 一种发送路由的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    发送模块,用于发送所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一主用下一跳地址携带于第一边界网关协议BGP路由中的第一属性字段,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的装置,其特征在于,所述发送模块用于:
    向所述第二网络设备和第三网络设备发送所述目的网络设备的所述第一路由信息。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    接收模块,用于从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
    生成模块,用于生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第二备用下一跳地址。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:
    接收模块,用于从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
    所述发送模块,还用于根据所述撤销路由消息发送所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一目的地址,所述第三路由信息用于指示第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第三路由信息包括所述第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址携带于所述第三路由信息的下一跳字段。
  25. 根据权利要求19-22任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    接收模块,用于在向第三网络设备发送所述第一路由信息后,接收所述第三网络设备发 往所述目的网络设备的报文。
  26. 根据权利要求19-25任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一网络设备的地址为所述第一网络设备的互联网协议IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
  27. 一种处理路由的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    接收模块,用于从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
    所述接收模块,还用于从所述第二网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址;
    发送模块,用于根据接收到所述第一路由信息和所述第二路由信息,使用所述共同地址作为下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第一报文。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,所述共同地址分别携带于所述第一网络设备发送的第一边界网关协议BGP路由中的第一属性字段和所述第二网络设备发送的第二BGP路由中的第三属性字段,所述第一网络设备的地址携带于所述第一BGP路由的第二属性字段,所述第二网络设备的地址携带于所述第二BGP路由的第四属性字段。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述接收模块,还用于从所述第二网络设备接收用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息;
    所述发送模块,还用于根据所述撤销路由消息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
  30. 根据权利要求27或28所述的装置,其特征在于,
    所述接收模块,还用于从所述第一网络设备接收所述目的网络设备的第三路由信息,所述第三路由信息用于指示所述第三网络设备使用所述第一备用下一跳地址作为到达所述目的网络设备的下一跳地址;
    所述发送模块,还用于根据所述第三路由信息,使用所述第一备用下一跳地址向所述目的网络设备发送第二报文。
  31. 根据权利要求27所述的装置,其特征在于,所述发送模块用于:
    使用所述共同地址作为下一跳查询转发表项,根据所述转发表项向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文;或者,
    使用所述共同地址作为下一跳迭代隧道,根据所述隧道的隧道信息向所述目的网络设备发送所述第一报文。
  32. 根据权利要求27-31任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述第一备用下一跳的地址为所述第一网络设备的互联网协议IP地址,所述共同地址为环回地址。
  33. 一种处理路由的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    接收模块,用于接收所述第一网络设备发送的所述目的网络设备的第一路由信息,其中,所述第一路由信息包括第一目的地址、第一主用下一跳地址和第一备用下一跳地址,所述第 一目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第一主用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备和所述第二网络设备的共同地址,所述第一备用下一跳地址包括所述第一网络设备的地址;
    生成模块,用于生成路由转发表项,所述路由转发表项的目的地址为所述目的网络设备的地址,所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳为所述第一备用下一跳地址。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    发送模块,用于根据所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障,向所述第一网络设备和第三网络设备发送用于撤销所述目的网络设备的路由的撤销路由消息。
  35. 根据权利要求33或34所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括发送模块;
    所述接收模块,还用于接收第三网络设备发往目的网络设备的报文;
    所述发送模块,用于在所述第二网络设备和所述目的网络设备之间出现连接故障时,根据所述路由转发表项的备用下一跳将所述报文转发至所述第一网络设备。
  36. 根据权利要求33所述的装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    发送模块,用于发送第二路由信息,其中,所述第二路由信息包括第二目的地址、第二主用下一跳地址和第二备用下一跳地址,所述第二目的地址包括所述目的网络设备的地址,所述第二主用下一跳地址包括所述共同地址,所述第二备用下一跳地址包括所述第二网络设备的地址。
  37. 一种网络设备,其特征在于,所述网络设备包括处理器和存储器,所述存储器用于存储计算机程序,所述处理器用于调用存储器中存储的计算机程序,执行如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的方法。
  38. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令,当所述指令在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行如权利要求1-18任意一项所述的方法。
PCT/CN2021/079932 2020-03-30 2021-03-10 发送路由、处理路由的方法、装置、设备及存储介质 WO2021197004A1 (zh)

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