WO2019061520A1 - 切换路径的方法及装置 - Google Patents

切换路径的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019061520A1
WO2019061520A1 PCT/CN2017/105080 CN2017105080W WO2019061520A1 WO 2019061520 A1 WO2019061520 A1 WO 2019061520A1 CN 2017105080 W CN2017105080 W CN 2017105080W WO 2019061520 A1 WO2019061520 A1 WO 2019061520A1
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Prior art keywords
routing
path
direct
information
routing path
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PCT/CN2017/105080
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黎景棠
陈欢
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/105080 priority Critical patent/WO2019061520A1/zh
Publication of WO2019061520A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019061520A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for switching paths.
  • VPN virtual private network
  • PE Provider Edge Router
  • PE2 Provider Edge Router
  • CE Customer Edge Device
  • the data sent by 1 is sent to CE1 by the Provider Router (P), which is randomly selected from PE1 and PE2. If the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is faulty, the downlink data cannot be on PE1. Forwarding causes the downstream traffic to be interrupted.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method and a device for switching a path, which is used to solve the problem that the direct communication path between the PE and the CE is faulty, and the downlink data cannot be forwarded on the PE, thereby causing the downlink traffic to be interrupted.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides the following technical solutions:
  • the first aspect provides a method for switching a path, where the method includes: determining, by the first PE, that the direct routing path between the CE and the CE is changed from being available to being unavailable;
  • the first PE and the second PE are both PEs accessed by the CE, and the first routing information includes the routing overhead of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the method provided by the first aspect after the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable, the first PE advertises the first routing information, so that the PE that receives the first routing information is obtained.
  • the third PE) adjusts the routing table in time, so that the data is directly sent from the second PE to the CE, that is, the CE receives the data through the second PE, and does not receive data from the first PE. Therefore, the first PE and the CE can be avoided.
  • the direct routing path is faulty, the downlink data cannot be forwarded on the first PE, which causes the downlink traffic to be interrupted.
  • the method further includes: the first PE according to the direct route between the first PE and the CE
  • the information that the path is unavailable is adjusted to the first routing table to obtain a second routing table.
  • the priority of the first routing path in the second routing table is higher than the priority of the second routing path, and the first routing path is through the second PE.
  • the second routing path is a routing path that directly routes data to the CE.
  • the first PE uses the first routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the third PE re-learns the route to the CE, and the downlink traffic
  • the first PE can reach the first PE.
  • the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable, the first PE can forward data to the CE through the first routing path, which can prevent the downlink traffic from being interrupted.
  • the third PE needs to refresh the ECMP into a single-path route. Before the routing path is refreshed, the third PE may also randomly select the route to the first PE.
  • the direct PE routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable. The table is adjusted to use the first routing path to route data to avoid downstream traffic interruption.
  • the method further includes: The PE determines that the direct routing path between the CE and the CE is changed from being unavailable to being available.
  • the first routing information is used by the first PE to enable the CE to receive data through the first PE, where the second routing information includes the first PE and the CE.
  • the routing overhead of the direct route between the routes after the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from unavailable to available, the first PE advertises the second routing information, so that the PE that receives the second routing information is obtained.
  • the third PE adjusts the routing table in time, so that the data is directly sent from the first PE to the CE, which can improve data forwarding efficiency and reduce packet delay.
  • the method further includes: the first PE according to the direct route between the first PE and the CE
  • the information available in the path is adjusted to the second routing table to obtain a third routing table.
  • the priority of the second routing path in the third routing table is higher than the priority of the first routing path.
  • the first PE uses the second routing path to route to the CE. data.
  • the possible implementation manner is that after the first PE determines that the direct routing path between the CE and the CE is changed from unavailable to available, that is, the routing cost of the second routing path is smaller than the routing cost of the first routing path, therefore, the first The PE can directly use the second routing path to route data to improve data forwarding efficiency.
  • the method further includes: The PE learns the third routing information, where the third routing information is the routing information that is advertised after the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is changed from unavailable to available.
  • the third routing information includes the second PE and the CE.
  • the first PE may also adjust the first routing table to obtain a second routing table, if the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is determined to be available.
  • the method further includes: the first PE Learning the fourth routing information, where the fourth routing information is the routing information advertised by the second PE after the direct routing path between the CE and the CE changes from available to unavailable, and the fourth routing information includes the second PE and the CE.
  • the routing cost of the routing path is directly connected to the routing table.
  • the first PE adjusts the second routing table according to the information available in the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE to obtain the third routing table, including: the first PE according to the first PE
  • the information of the direct routing path between the CEs and the fourth routing information are adjusted to the second routing table to obtain a third routing table.
  • the first PE may also adjust the second routing table to obtain a third routing table, if the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is determined to be unavailable.
  • the first PE in a case where the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable, stores the ARP of the first routing table and the CE. In a possible implementation manner, when the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable, the first PE does not delete the ARP of the CE learned by the first routing table and the first PE, so that the subsequent first PE is When the direct routing path between CEs becomes unavailable, the first PE does not need to re-learn the ARP of the CE to avoid interruption of downlink traffic.
  • a method for routing data includes: the third PE learns the first routing information, where the first routing information is that the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable. After the routing information is advertised, the first routing information includes the routing cost of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the third PE adjusts the fourth routing table according to the first routing information to obtain a fifth routing table.
  • the third routing path has a higher priority than the fourth routing path, and the third routing path includes a path between the second PE and the third PE and a direct routing path between the second PE and the CE.
  • the fourth routing path includes a path between the first PE and the third PE and a direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the third PE uses the third routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the third PE can adjust the routing table by using the learned first routing information, and route the data to the CE through a routing path with a smaller routing cost, thereby improving data forwarding efficiency and reducing packet delay.
  • the method further includes: the third PE learns the second routing information, where the second routing information is The routing information of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is included in the routing information of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the second routing information includes the routing cost of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE. Adjusting the fifth routing table according to the second routing information to obtain a sixth routing table, where the priority of the fourth routing path in the sixth routing table is higher than the priority of the third routing path, or the third routing in the sixth routing table The path and the fourth routing path have the same priority.
  • the third routing path includes a path between the second PE and the third PE and a direct routing path between the second PE and the CE.
  • the fourth routing path includes the first PE. The path between the third PE and the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE; if the priority of the fourth routing path in the sixth routing table is higher than the priority of the third routing path, the third PE adopts the first Four routing paths route data to the CE; The third routing path and the fourth routing path have the same priority in the sixth routing table, and the third PE uses the third routing path or the fourth routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the fourth routing path in the fourth routing table has a higher priority than the third routing path, or the fourth routing path and the third routing path in the fourth routing table have the same priority. level.
  • a device having the functionality of implementing any of the methods provided by the first aspect.
  • This function can be implemented in hardware or in hardware by executing the corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.
  • a device having the function of implementing any of the methods provided by the second aspect.
  • This function can be implemented in hardware or in hardware by executing the corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the functions described above.
  • a device comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and the processor executes a computer-executed instruction stored in the memory to enable the device to implement any one of the first aspects method.
  • the device can exist in the form of a chip product.
  • a device comprising: a memory and a processor; the memory is configured to store a computer execution instruction, and the processor executes a computer-executed instruction stored in the memory to enable the device to implement any one of the second aspects method.
  • the device can exist in the form of a chip product.
  • a computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided by the first aspect.
  • a computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided by the second aspect.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided by the first aspect.
  • a computer program product comprising instructions which, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform any of the methods provided by the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of still another application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of hardware of a PE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a routing path according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for switching a path according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be applied to the VPN network shown in FIG. 2, where the VPN network includes the CE, the P, and the PE, and the PE and the P are the devices in the core network, and the CE is directly connected to the PE. Directly connected to P.
  • the PE is mainly responsible for accessing VPN services, and P is responsible for quickly forwarding data.
  • CE1 can send data to CE2 through PE1 (or PE2) and PE3 (or PE4).
  • PE1 (or PE2) and PE3 (or PE4) can send data through P through Internet Protocol (IP).
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the data can be sent through the VPN tunnel between the PEs.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the data can be sent through the VPN tunnel between the PEs.
  • VPN tunnel 1 between PE1 and PE3.
  • the data can be sent between PE1 and PE3 through VPN tunnel 1, between PE2 and PE3. If VPN tunnel 2 exists, data can be sent between PE2 and PE3 through VPN tunnel 2.
  • the mode in which the CE accesses the PE can be classified into a single-active mode and an all-active mode.
  • the single-active mode means that the CE is multi-homed to two or more PEs, and only A PE can forward data of the CE.
  • the multi-active mode means that the CE is multi-homed to two or more PEs, and all PEs can forward the CE data.
  • the CE can send or receive data through the accessed PE.
  • CE1 can access the PE in dual-homing mode.
  • the PEs that are connected can be PE1 and PE2, and the direct routes between PE1 and PE2 to CE1.
  • One of the paths is the primary path, and the other is the alternate path.
  • the direct route of the route from PE2 to the CE is taken as an example.
  • the PE1 and PE2 are configured with the same interface IP and user-side Vlan. Said that for CE1, PE1 and PE2 are the same device.
  • the CE and the PE can be connected through optical fibers, and the CE can pass.
  • a Passive Optical Network (PON) interface is connected to the PE.
  • the PE can be connected to the PE through the TypeB protection scheme.
  • CE1 can access the PE in dual-homing mode.
  • the PEs that are connected can be PE1 and PE2.
  • PE1 and PE2 can form a trunk.
  • PE1 and PE2 are the same device.
  • the PE1 and PE2 are configured with the same interface and the user-side VLAN.
  • the CE1 sends an ARP request to the PE1, and the PE1 receives the ARP request on the first interface.
  • ARP request includes the IP address of CE1 (that is, the host route of CE1) and the media access control (MAC) address of CE1
  • PE1 can learn the ARP of CE1.
  • the ARP of CE1 learned by PE1 includes the IP address of CE1. Address, correspondence between the MAC address of CE1 and the first interface. It is to be noted that if the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is available, PE1 can learn the ARP of CE1. If the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, PE1 cannot learn the ARP of CE1. The process of learning the ARP of CE1 is the same as that of PE1, and is not mentioned here.
  • PE1 or PE2 After learning the ARP of CE1, PE1 or PE2 advertises the route of CE1 (the network segment of CE1 or the host route of CE1) to PE3 or PE4.
  • the PE3 is used as an example. After learning the route of CE1, PE3 can generate CE1.
  • the routing path, PE3 routes data to CE1 according to the generated routing path to CE1.
  • the routing path generated by the PE3 is a routing path for routing data to the CE1 through the PE1.
  • the routing path generated by PE3 is the Equal-Cost Multi Path Routing (ECMP) that routes data to CE1 through PE1 and PE2.
  • ECMP Equal-Cost Multi Path Routing
  • PE3 learns the route of CE1 advertised by PE1, the next hop in the routing path to CE1 generated by PE3 is PE1. After receiving the data sent by PE3, PE1 learns the ARP of CE1 learned by PE1. An interface sends data to CE1. If PE3 learns the route of CE1 advertised by PE2, the next hop in the routing path to PE1 generated by PE3 is PE2. After receiving the data sent by PE3, PE2 learns through PE2. In the ARP of CE1, the interface on PE2 that receives the ARP request of CE1 sends data to CE1.
  • CE1 sends data to PE3, CE1 routes to PE1 through Type B, and PE1 sends data to PE3 through VPN tunnel or P.
  • PE3 sends data to CE1, PE3 passes VPN.
  • the tunnel or P sends data to PE1.
  • PE1 sends data to CE1 through the first interface in the ARP of CE1.
  • the following downlink traffic interruption points exist: (1) When the downstream traffic is switched from PE1 to PE2, PE3 needs to re-learn the route of CE1 and re-learn CE1 on PE3. Before the route, the downlink traffic still reaches PE1. Because the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, traffic will be interrupted.
  • CE1 when CE1 sends data to PE3, CE1 is elected to PE1 in the TRUNK group (of course, it can also be PE2.
  • PE1 is used as an example), and PE1 passes through the VPN tunnel or P.
  • PE3 When PE3 sends data to CE1, PE3 randomly routes to PE1 or PE2 according to the generated ECMP. If it is PE1, PE1 sends the data to the first interface in the ARP of CE1 learned by PE1. CE1. In this case, the following downlink traffic interruption point exists: If the direct routing path between PE2 and CE1 becomes unavailable from available, PE3 needs to refresh ECMP into a single-path route.
  • PE3 Before the routing path is refreshed, PE3 also If the direct routing path between PE2 and CE1 is unavailable, traffic will be interrupted. If the direct routing path between PE2 and CE1 is restored from unavailable to available, PE2 sends the route of the network segment of CE1 to PE3, and PE3 regenerates ECMP. After the direct route between PE2 and CE1 is unavailable, PE2 deletes the ARP of CE1. Therefore, if the data sent by PE3 reaches PE2, If PE2 has not learned the ARP of CE1, traffic will be interrupted.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a PE50 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the PE 50 includes at least one processor 501, a communication bus 502, a memory 503, and at least one communication interface 504.
  • the processor 501 can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more programs for controlling the execution of the program of the present application. integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Communication bus 502 can include a path for communicating information between the components described above.
  • the communication interface 504 can be any device such as a transceiver for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, Radio Access Network (RAN), and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). Wait.
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Networks
  • the memory 503 can be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type that can store information and instructions.
  • the dynamic storage device can also be an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, and a disc storage device. (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be Any other media accessed, but not limited to this.
  • the memory can exist independently and be connected to the processor via a bus.
  • the memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 503 is used to store application code for executing the solution of the present application, and is controlled by the processor 501 for execution.
  • the processor 501 is configured to execute the application code stored in the memory 503, thereby implementing the method provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 501 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG.
  • PE 50 may include multiple processors, such as processor 501 and processor 508 in FIG. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU processor or a multi-core processor.
  • a processor herein may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data, such as computer program instructions.
  • the PE 50 may further include an output device 505 and an input device 506.
  • routing path is exemplarily drawn, see FIG. 6, wherein the path labeled i (i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to 4) is the ith route.
  • Path specific road See below for the meaning of the path.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for switching a path. As shown in FIG. 7, the method may include:
  • the first PE determines that the direct routing path between the CE and the CE changes from available to unavailable.
  • the first PE may be the PE1 shown in FIG. 3, or the first PE may be the PE1 or the PE2, and the CE may be the CE1.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is exemplified by taking the CE as the CE1 as an example.
  • the PE and the CE can be connected through an optical fiber. If the PE can receive the optical signal, the PE can determine that the direct routing path with the CE is available. If the optical signal cannot be received, the PE can determine the CE. The direct route between the routes is not available.
  • a path is unavailable, meaning that the path cannot transmit data, and a path is available to mean that the path can transmit data.
  • the cause of the path becoming available from being unavailable may include: the fiber on the path is faulty, for example, the fiber is destroyed; the path is switched from the primary path to the alternate path, for example, TypeB occurs. Double conversion; other cases where the path cannot transfer data.
  • the cause of the path becoming available from being unavailable may include: the fiber on the path is faulty; and other cases where the path cannot transmit data.
  • the first PE sends the first routing information, where the first PE and the second PE are both the PEs that are accessed by the CE, and the first routing information includes the first PE and the CE.
  • the routing overhead of the direct routing path is the first PE and the CE.
  • the second PE may be PE2 shown in FIG. 3, or when the first PE is PE1 shown in FIG. 4, the second PE may be PE2 shown in FIG. 4, or when the first PE is FIG.
  • the PE2 shown in the second PE may be PE1 shown in FIG.
  • the foregoing method may further include:
  • the third PE learns the first routing information, and adjusts the routing table according to the first routing information to obtain a fifth routing table.
  • the third routing path in the fifth routing table has a higher priority than the fourth routing path.
  • the third routing path includes a path between the second PE and the third PE and a direct relationship between the second PE and the CE.
  • the fourth routing path includes a path between the first PE and the third PE and a direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the third PE uses the third routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the third PE may be PE3 or PE4 in FIG. 3 or FIG.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is exemplified by taking the third PE as the PE3 as an example.
  • the two routing paths with the same priority in the routing table can be configured into ECMP.
  • the two paths with different priorities can be configured as Fast Reroute (FRR), and the PE preferentially uses the path with higher priority to route data.
  • FRR Fast Reroute
  • the third routing path may be the path PE3-PE2-CE1. If the first PE is the PE1 and the third PE is the PE3, the fourth routing path may be the path PE3-PE1-CE1.
  • the first PE is PE1
  • the second PE is PE2
  • the third PE is PE3, in the application scenario shown in Figure 3, since the CE can access the PE through the Type B protection scheme, there will be TypeB dual-homing.
  • the switching scenario is performed. Therefore, after the direct routing path between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, the direct routing path between PE2 and CE1 is available. Therefore, PE3 can adjust the priority of the third routing path higher than the first.
  • Four routing paths In the application scenario shown in Figure 4, the direct route between CE1 and PE1 and PE2 is available. After the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, PE3 can route the third route. The priority of the path is adjusted higher than the fourth routing path.
  • the fifth routing table saved in PE3 after adjusting the routing table can be referred to Table 1.
  • Vxlan refers to the Virtual Extensible Local Area Network.
  • the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is exemplified in the example 10.0.0.X in the example where the host route of the CE1 is 10.0.0.5, and the network segment route of the CE1 side is 10.0.0.0/24.
  • the X is a valid host number between 1 and 254 in addition to 5.
  • the destination IP address is the destination IP address of the routing entry.
  • the Prefix length and the destination IP address are combined to determine the destination matching range of the route.
  • the Prefix length is 24, the destination IP address is a network segment route.
  • the Prefix length is 32, The destination IP address is the host route.
  • the interface is the outbound interface.
  • Vxlan indicates that the outbound interface is the tunnel.
  • Next_hop indicates the next hop.
  • the first PE indicates that the next hop is the first PE.
  • the metric indicates the route cost.
  • the first routing entry in Table 1 indicates that the routing cost of the fourth routing path is 150, and the second routing entry indicates that the routing cost of the third routing path is 100.
  • the third PE preferentially routes data to the CE through the second PE. .
  • the fourth routing path in the fourth routing table has a higher priority than the third routing path, or the fourth routing path and the third routing path in the fourth routing table have the same priority.
  • the fourth routing table is The priority of the fourth routing path is higher than the priority of the third routing path.
  • the fourth routing table saved in the third PE can be referred to Table 2, and the fourth routing path in Table 2.
  • the metric is smaller than the metric of the third routing path. Therefore, the fourth routing path in the fourth routing table has a higher priority than the third routing path.
  • the route cost of the path between the third PE and the first PE and the second PE is 50
  • the first PE and the CE are Route cost of the direct route
  • the route cost of the fourth routing path is 100.
  • the routing cost of the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is 100
  • the routing cost of the third routing path is 150.
  • the routing cost of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE increases to 100
  • the direct route between the second PE and the CE When the path becomes available, the routing overhead of the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is reduced to 50.
  • the route cost included in the first routing information may be 100.
  • the third PE determines that the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE changes from unavailable to available. Therefore, determining the relationship between the second PE and the CE The routing cost of the direct routing path is changed from 100 to 50.
  • the third PE can adjust the routing table shown in Table 2 to the routing table shown in Table 1.
  • the routing overhead of the fourth routing path is adjusted to 150, and the routing overhead of the third routing path is adjusted to 100.
  • the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE and the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE are available, and therefore, in the fourth routing table.
  • the fourth routing path and the third routing path have the same priority.
  • the fourth routing table saved in the third PE can be referred to Table 3.
  • the Metric of the fourth routing path in Table 3 is equal to The metric of the third routing path, therefore, the fourth routing path and the third routing path in the fourth routing table have the same priority.
  • the routing cost of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE and the direct connection between the second PE and the CE is 50, the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE and the direct connection between the second PE and the CE are both 50, and the routing of the fourth routing path and the third routing path
  • the overhead is 100.
  • the routing cost of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE increases to 100.
  • the routing cost included in the first routing information may be 100.
  • the third PE may adjust the routing table shown in Table 3 to the routing table shown in Table 1. That is, the routing cost of the third routing path can be adjusted to 150. Since the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is always available, the routing cost of the third routing path is unchanged.
  • the first PE stores the first routing table and the ARP of the CE.
  • the first PE when the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable, the first PE does not delete the first routing table and the ARP of the CE learned by the first PE, so that the subsequent first PE is When the direct routing path between CEs becomes unavailable, the first PE does not need to re-learn the ARP of the CE to avoid interruption of downlink traffic.
  • the method may further include: 11) the first PE adjusts the first routing table according to the information that the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable, to obtain a second routing table,
  • the first routing path in the second routing table has a higher priority than the second routing path.
  • the first routing path is a routing path for routing data to the CE through the second PE, and the second routing path is directly routing data to the CE. Routing path; 12)
  • a PE uses the first routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the first routing path includes a path between the first PE and the second PE, and a direct routing path between the second PE and the CE.
  • the second routing path may be a direct routing path between the first PE and the CE.
  • the first routing path may be the path PE1-PE2-CE1
  • the second routing path may be the path PE1-CE1.
  • the CE can be connected to the PE through the Type B protection scheme.
  • the Type B double-homed switching scenario exists. Therefore, after the direct routing path between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, the PE2 can be defaulted. A direct route between CE1 and CE1 is available. Therefore, when the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable, the first PE may adjust the priority of the first routing path higher than the priority of the second routing path, so that the first PE The first routing path is used to route data.
  • the downlink traffic is switched from the first PE to the second PE, and before the third PE re-learns the route to the CE, the downlink traffic still reaches the first PE, and the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE has been
  • the first PE can route data to the CE through the first routing path, which can prevent downlink traffic from being interrupted.
  • the direct route between CE1 and PE1 and PE2 is available. After the direct route between PE1 and CE1 is unavailable, PE2 and CE1 can be used by default.
  • the direct route between the routes is available. Therefore, when the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable, the first PE may adjust the priority of the first routing path higher than the priority of the second routing path, so that the first PE The first routing path is used to route data.
  • the third PE needs to refresh the ECMP into a single path route. Before the routing path is refreshed, the third PE may also randomly select. After the route to the first PE, the direct route between the first PE and the CE is unavailable. After the first PE adjusts the routing table and uses the first route to route data, the downlink traffic can be avoided.
  • the second routing table can be seen in Table 4.
  • the first routing entry in Table 4 indicates that the routing cost of the direct routing path (that is, the second routing path) between the first PE and the CE is ⁇ , that is, the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable. Since the first PE and the second PE are the same PE for the CE, the host routes of the first PE and the second PE are the same. Therefore, the host routes of the first PE and the second PE are both 10.0.0.1. The first PE can send data to the CE through the device whose primary route is 10.0.0.1. Since the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is unavailable, the first PE can use Next_hop as the path entry of the CPU. The routing cost is also set to ⁇ (in the prior art, the route is directly reclaimed), then the first PE can send data to the CE through the third routing entry in Table 4, that is, the first routing path is used to send the CE to the CE. data.
  • the method may further include: the first PE learns the third routing information, where the third routing information is that the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is changed from unavailable to available. Published routing letter The third routing information includes the routing cost of the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE.
  • the step 11) may include: the first PE according to the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE The unavailable routing information and the third routing information adjust the first routing table to obtain a second routing table.
  • the third routing information may be advertised.
  • the first PE may also adjust the first routing table to obtain a second routing table, if it is determined that the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is available.
  • the method may further include: 21) the first PE determines that the direct routing path between the CE and the CE changes from unavailable to available; and 22) the first PE issues the second routing information, The routing information of the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE is included in the second routing information.
  • the reason that the path is changed from unavailable to available may include: the fault of the optical fiber on the path is restored to normal; the path is switched from the standby path to the primary path, for example, TypeB double-redirected switching occurs; Other cases where the path can retransmit data.
  • the reason that the path is changed from unavailable to available may include: the failure of the fiber on the path is restored to normal; and other cases where the path can retransmit the data.
  • the method may further include: the third PE learns the second routing information; the third PE adjusts the fifth routing table according to the second routing information to obtain the sixth routing table, and the sixth routing table.
  • the priority of the fourth routing path is higher than the priority of the third routing path, or the third routing path and the fourth routing path of the sixth routing table have the same priority; if the fourth routing path is in the sixth routing table The priority of the third routing path is higher than the priority of the third routing path.
  • the third PE uses the fourth routing path to route data to the CE. If the third routing path and the fourth routing path in the sixth routing table have the same priority, the third PE The third routing path or the fourth routing path is used to route data to the CE.
  • the type between the second PE and the CE can be defaulted.
  • the routing path is changed from available to unavailable.
  • the priority of the fourth routing path can be adjusted to be higher than the priority of the third routing path.
  • the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE when the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE changes from unavailable to available, the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is also available.
  • the priority of the third routing path is the same as the fourth routing path.
  • the third routing path and the fourth routing path may constitute ECMP, and when the priority of the fourth routing path is higher than the priority of the third routing path, the third routing The path and the fourth routing path may constitute an FRR, and the PE preferentially routes the data with a higher priority path.
  • the third saved in the PE3 after the PE3 adjusts the routing table. For the six routing tables, see Table 2. If the third routing path and the fourth routing path have the same priority in the sixth routing table, PE3 For the sixth routing table saved in PE3 after the entire routing table, see Table 3.
  • the method may further include: 31) the first PE adjusts the second routing table according to information available in the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE, to obtain a third routing table, The priority of the second routing path in the third routing table is higher than the priority of the first routing path; 32) the first PE uses the second routing path to route data to the CE.
  • the first PE of the first PE can be directly sent to the CE. Therefore, the first PE can adjust the priority of the second routing path because the direct routing path between the first PE and the CE becomes available. Higher than the priority of the first routing path.
  • the method may further include: the first PE learns the fourth routing information, where the fourth routing information is that the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE changes from available to unavailable.
  • the advertised routing information, the fourth routing information includes the routing cost of the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE.
  • the step 31) may include: the first PE according to the first PE and the CE The information of the direct routing path and the fourth routing information are adjusted to the second routing table to obtain a third routing table.
  • the fourth routing information may be advertised.
  • the first PE may also adjust the second routing table to obtain a third routing table, if it is determined that the direct routing path between the second PE and the CE is unavailable.
  • the first PE advertises the first routing information, so that the PE that receives the first routing information is obtained.
  • the third PE adjusts the routing table in time, so that the data is directly sent from the second PE to the CE, that is, the CE receives the data through the second PE, and does not receive data from the first PE. Therefore, the first PE can be avoided.
  • the direct routing path between the CEs is faulty, the downlink data cannot be forwarded on the first PE, which causes the downlink traffic to be interrupted.
  • the first PE and the third PE include corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules for performing respective functions.
  • the present application can be implemented in a combination of hardware or hardware and computer software in combination with the elements and algorithm steps of the various examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or computer software to drive hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the solution. A person skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application may perform the division of the function modules on the first PE and the third PE according to the foregoing method example.
  • each function module may be divided according to each function, or two or more functions may be integrated in the function.
  • a processing module In a processing module.
  • the above integrated modules can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional modules. It should be noted that the division of the module in the embodiment of the present application is schematic, and is only a logical function division, and the actual implementation may have another division manner.
  • FIG. 8 shows a possible schematic diagram of a device 80 involved in the above embodiment, which may be a first PE or a third PE.
  • the device 80 includes a processing unit 801 and a transceiver unit 802, and may further include a storage unit 803.
  • the processing unit 801 is configured to perform control management on the action of the first PE.
  • the processing unit 801 is configured to support the first PE to perform the processes 701 and 702 in FIG. 7, and/or the present application. The actions performed by the first PE in the other processes described in the embodiments.
  • the transceiver unit 802 is configured to support communication between the first PE and other network entities, for example, communication with the third PE in FIG. 7, and the storage unit 803 is configured to store program codes and data of the first PE.
  • the processing unit 801 is configured to perform control management on the action of the third PE.
  • the processing unit 801 is configured to support the third PE to perform the processes 703 and 704 in FIG. 7, and/or the present application. The actions performed by the third PE in the other processes described in the embodiments.
  • the transceiver unit 802 is configured to support communication between the third PE and other network entities, for example, communication with the first PE in FIG. 7, and the storage unit 803 is configured to store program codes and data of the third PE.
  • the processing unit 801 can be a processor or a controller.
  • the transceiver unit 802 can be a communication interface, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, and the like.
  • the communication interface is a collective name and can include one or more interfaces.
  • the storage unit 803 can be a memory.
  • the processing unit 801 is a processor
  • the transceiver unit 802 is a communication interface
  • the storage unit 803 is a memory
  • the processor 501 can perform control management on the action of the first PE.
  • the processor 501 is configured to support the first PE to perform the processes 701 and 702 in FIG. 7. And/or actions performed by the first PE in other processes described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 501 can perform control management on the action of the third PE.
  • the processor 501 is configured to support the third PE to perform the processes 703 and 704 in FIG. 7. And/or actions performed by the third PE in other processes described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, including instructions, when executed on a computer, causing a computer to execute the above method.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above method.
  • the above embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • a software program it may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer program instructions When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer can be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be from a website site, computer, server or data center To another website, computer, server, or data via wired (eg, coaxial cable, fiber, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) Heart is transmitted.
  • the computer readable storage medium can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device that includes one or more servers, data centers, etc. that can be integrated with the media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (eg, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (such as a Solid State Disk (SSD)) or the like.
  • a magnetic medium eg, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape
  • an optical medium eg, a DVD
  • a semiconductor medium such as a Solid State Disk (SSD)

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种切换路径的方法及装置，用于解决PE与CE之间的直连路由路径故障，下行数据无法在PE上进行转发，从而导致的下行流量中断的问题。该切换路径的方法包括：第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用；第一PE发布第一路由信息，用于使得CE通过第二PE接收数据，第一PE和第二PE均为CE接入的PE，第一路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。本申请涉及通信技术领域。

Description

切换路径的方法及装置 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种切换路径的方法及装置。
背景技术
目前，在虚拟专用网络(Virtual Private Network，VPN)中，参见图1，服务商边缘路由器(Provider Edge Router，PE)1和PE2的所有配置均相同，PE3向用户边界设备(Customer Edge Device，CE)1发送的数据通过服务商核心路由器(Provider Router，P)在PE1和PE2中随机选择出的PE发往CE1，若PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径故障，下行数据将无法在PE1上进行转发，从而导致下行流量中断。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种切换路径的方法及装置，用于解决PE与CE之间的直连路由路径故障，下行数据无法在PE上进行转发，从而导致的下行流量中断的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例提供如下技术方案：
第一方面，提供了一种切换路径的方法，该方法包括：第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用；第一PE发布第一路由信息，用于使得CE通过第二PE接收数据，第一PE和第二PE均为CE接入的PE，第一路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。第一方面提供的方法，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后，第一PE会发布第一路由信息，从而使得接收到第一路由信息的PE(例如，第三PE)及时的调整路由表，使得数据直接从第二PE发往CE，即CE通过第二PE接收数据，而不从第一PE接收数据，因此，可以避免在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径故障的情况下，下行数据无法在第一PE上进行转发，从而导致下行流量中断的问题。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用之后，该方法还包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，第二路由表中第一路由路径的优先级高于第二路由路径的优先级，第一路由路径为通过第二PE向CE路由数据的路由路径，第二路由路径为直接向CE路由数据的路由路径；第一PE采用第一路由路径向CE路由数据。该种可能的实现方式，当CE采用单活模式接入第一PE和第二PE时，若下行流量从第一PE切换到第二PE，第三PE重新学习到CE的路由之前，下行流量还是到达了第一PE，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径已经不可用时，第一PE可以通过第一路由路径向CE路由数据，可以防止下行流量中断。当CE采用多活模式接入第一PE和第二PE时，若第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用，则第三PE需要将ECMP刷新成单路径路由，在路由路径刷新之前，第三PE还可能随机选路到第一PE，由于此时第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用，第一PE通过对路由 表进行调整采用第一路由路径路由数据，可以避免下行流量中断。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表之后，该方法还包括：第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用；第一PE发布第二路由信息，用于使得CE通过第一PE接收数据，第二路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。该种可能的实现方式，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后，第一PE会发布第二路由信息，从而使得接收到第二路由信息的PE(例如，第三PE)及时的调整路由表，使得数据直接从第一PE发往CE，能够提高数据转发效率，降低报文时延。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用之后，该方法还包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，第三路由表中第二路由路径的优先级高于第一路由路径的优先级；第一PE采用第二路由路径向CE路由数据。该种可能的实现方式，在第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用之后，即第二路由路径的路由开销小于第一路由路径的路由开销，因此，第一PE可以直接采用第二路由路径路由数据，提高数据转发效率。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表之前，该方法还包括：第一PE学习第三路由信息，第三路由信息为第二PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后发布的路由信息，第三路由信息中包括第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息和第三路由信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表。该种可能的实现方式，第一PE也可以在确定第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的情况下对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表之前，该方法还包括：第一PE学习第四路由信息，第四路由信息为第二PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后发布的路由信息，第四路由信息中包括第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息和第四路由信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表。该种可能的实现方式，第一PE也可以在确定第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的情况下对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表。
在一种可能的设计中，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用的情况下，第一PE中存储有第一路由表和CE的ARP。该种可能的实现方式，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用时，第一PE不删除第一路由表和第一PE学习到的CE的ARP，从而使得后续第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用时，第一PE不需要重新学习CE的ARP，可以避免下行流量中断。
第二方面，提供了一种路由数据的方法，该方法包括：第三PE学习第一路由信息，第一路由信息为第一PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后发布的路由信息，第一路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；第三PE根据第一路由信息对第四路由表进行调整得到第五路由表，第五路由表中第三路由路径的优先级高于第四路由路径的优先级，第三路由路径包括第二PE与第三PE之间的路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径，第四路由路径包括第一PE与第三PE之间的路径和第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径；第三PE采用第三路由路径向CE路由数据。第二方面提供的方法，第三PE可以通过学习到的第一路由信息调整路由表，并且通过路由开销比较小的路由路径向CE路由数据，从而能够提高数据转发效率，降低报文时延。
在一种可能的设计中，在第三PE根据第一路由信息对第四路由表进行调整得到第五路由表之后，该方法还包括：第三PE学习第二路由信息，第二路由信息为第一PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后发布的路由信息，第二路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；第三PE根据第二路由信息对第五路由表进行调整得到第六路由表，第六路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，或者，第六路由表中第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级，第三路由路径包括第二PE与第三PE之间的路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径，第四路由路径包括第一PE与第三PE之间的路径和第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径；若第六路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，第三PE采用第四路由路径向CE路由数据；若第六路由表中第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级，第三PE采用第三路由路径或第四路由路径向CE路由数据。
在一种可能的设计中，第四路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，或者，第四路由表中第四路由路径和第三路由路径具备相同的优先级。
第三方面，提供了一种装置，该装置具有实现第一方面提供的任意一种方法的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元。
第四方面，提供了一种装置，该装置具有实现第二方面提供的任意一种方法的功能。该功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的单元。
第五方面，提供了一种装置，该装置包括：存储器和处理器；存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令，以使该装置实现第一方面提供的任意一种方法。该装置可以以芯片的产品形态存在。
第六方面，提供了一种装置，该装置包括：存储器和处理器；存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，处理器执行存储器存储的计算机执行指令，以使该装置实现第二方面提供的任意一种方法。该装置可以以芯片的产品形态存在。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面提供的任意一种方法。
第八方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第二方面提供的任意一种方法。
第九方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面提供的任意一种方法。
第十方面，提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第二方面提供的任意一种方法。
第三方面至第十方面中任一种设计方式所带来的技术效果可参见第一方面或第二方面中不同设计方式所带来的技术效果，此处不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的一种网络架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种网络架构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种应用场景示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的又一种应用场景示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种PE的硬件结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种路由路径的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种切换路径的方法的流程图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种装置的组成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。其中，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“/”表示或的意思，例如，A/B可以表示A或B；本文中的“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，在本申请的描述中，“多个”是指两个或多于两个。
示例性的，本申请实施例提供的方法可以应用于图2所示的VPN网络中，VPN网络中包括CE、P和PE，PE和P为核心网中的设备，CE与PE直接相连，不与P直接相连。PE主要负责VPN业务的接入，P负责快速转发数据。CE1可以通过PE1(或PE2)、PE3(或PE4)将数据发送至CE2，其中，PE1(或PE2)和PE3(或PE4)之间可以通过互联网协议(Internet Protocol，IP)路由经由P发送数据，还可以通过PE之间的VPN隧道发送数据，示例性的，参见图2，PE1和PE3之间存在VPN隧道1，则PE1和PE3之间可以通过VPN隧道1发送数据，PE2和PE3之间存在VPN隧道2，则PE2和PE3之间可以通过VPN隧道2发送数据。
其中，CE接入PE的模式可以分为单活模式(single-active mode)和多活模式(all-active mode)，单活模式是指CE是多归到两个或更多PE、且只有一个PE可以转发该CE的数据，多活模式是指CE是多归到两个或更多PE、且所有PE都可以转发该CE的数据。CE可以通过接入的PE发送或接收数据。
当CE采用单活模式接入PE时，参见图3，示例性的，CE1可以以双归方式接入PE，接入的PE可以为PE1和PE2，PE1和PE2到CE1之间的直连路由路径中一条为主用路径，另一条为备用路径(图3中以PE2到CE的直连路由路径为备用路径为例进行绘制)，PE1和PE2配置相同的接口IP和用户侧Vlan，也就是说，对于CE1来说，PE1和PE2为同一设备。具体的，CE和PE之间可以通过光纤连接，CE可以通 过无源光网络(Passive Optical Network，PON)接口接入PE，具体可以通过TypeB保护方案接入PE。
当CE采用多活模式接入PE时，参见图4，示例性的，CE1可以以双归方式接入PE，接入的PE可以为PE1和PE2，PE1和PE2可以组成一个TRUNK(端口汇聚)组，PE1和PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径均可用，PE1和PE2配置相同的接口IP和用户侧Vlan，也就是说，对于CE来说，PE1和PE2为同一设备。
其中，在图3和图4所示的应用场景中，CE1在与PE1建立地址解析协议(Address Resolution Protocol，ARP)连接的过程中，向PE1发送ARP请求，PE1在第一接口接收ARP请求，ARP请求中包括CE1的IP地址(即CE1的主机路由)和CE1的媒体访问控制(Media Access Control，MAC)地址，则PE1可以学习到CE1的ARP，PE1学习到的CE1的ARP包括CE1的IP地址、CE1的MAC地址和第一接口的对应关系。需要说明的是，若PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径可用，则PE1能够学习到CE1的ARP，若PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用，则PE1学习不到CE1的ARP。PE2学习CE1的ARP的过程同理，在此不再赘述。
PE1或PE2在学习到CE1的ARP之后，发布CE1的路由(CE1侧的网段路由或CE1的主机路由)至PE3或PE4，以PE3为例，PE3学习到CE1的路由后，可以生成到CE1的路由路径，PE3根据生成的到CE1的路由路径向CE1路由数据。需要说明的是，在图3所示的应用场景中，由于PE2学习不到CE1的ARP，也就无法发布CE1的路由，因此，PE3生成的路由路径为通过PE1向CE1路由数据的路由路径，在图4所示的应用场景中，PE3生成的路由路径为通过PE1和PE2向CE1路由数据的等价多路径(Equal-Cost Multi Path Routing，ECMP)。
若PE3学习到的是PE1发布的CE1的路由，则PE3生成的到CE1的路由路径中的下一跳是PE1，PE1接收到PE3发送的数据之后，通过PE1学习到的CE1的ARP中的第一接口向CE1发送数据；若PE3学习到的是PE2发布的CE1的路由，则PE3生成的到CE1的路由路径中的下一跳是PE2，PE2接收到PE3发送的数据之后，通过PE2学习到的CE1的ARP中的、PE2上的接收CE1的ARP请求的接口向CE1发送数据。
在图3所示的应用场景中，在CE1向PE3发送数据时，CE1通过TypeB选路到PE1，PE1再通过VPN隧道或者P将数据发送到PE3，在PE3向CE1发送数据时，PE3通过VPN隧道或P将数据发送到PE1，PE1通过CE1的ARP中的第一接口向CE1发送数据。在该应用场景中，若发生了TypeB双归倒换，会存在以下的下行流量中断点：(1)下行流量从PE1切换到PE2，则PE3需要重新学习CE1的路由，在PE3重新学习到CE1的路由之前，下行流量还是到达了PE1，由于此时PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径已经不可用，因此，会存在流量中断；(2)由于PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用之后，PE2需要学习CE1的ARP，在PE3重新学习到CE1的路由之后，下行流量到达PE2，若此时PE2还未学习到CE1的ARP，则会存在流量中断。
在图4所示的应用场景中，在CE1向PE3发送数据时，CE1在TRUNK组选路到PE1(当然也可以为PE2，此处以PE1为例进行说明)，PE1再通过VPN隧道或者P 将数据发送到PE3，在PE3向CE1发送数据时，PE3根据生成的ECMP随机选路到PE1或PE2，假设为PE1，则PE1通过PE1学习到的CE1的ARP中的第一接口将数据发送给CE1。该情况下，会存在以下的下行流量中断点：若PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径从可用变为了不可用，则PE3需要将ECMP刷新成单路径路由，在路由路径刷新之前，PE3还可能随机选路到PE2，由于此时PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用，因此，会存在流量中断；若PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径又从不可用恢复至可用，则PE2将CE1的网段路由向PE3发送，PE3重新生成ECMP，由于PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用之后，PE2会删除CE1的ARP，因此，若PE3发送的数据到达PE2后，若PE2还未学习到CE1的ARP，则会存在流量中断。
如图5所示，为本申请实施例提供的一种PE50的硬件结构示意图，该PE50包括至少一个处理器501，通信总线502，存储器503以及至少一个通信接口504。
处理器501可以是一个通用中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(Application-Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信总线502可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
通信接口504，可以为任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网，无线接入网(Radio Access Network，RAN)，无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks，WLAN)等。
存储器503可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过总线与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器503用于存储执行本申请方案的应用程序代码，并由处理器501来控制执行。处理器501用于执行存储器503中存储的应用程序代码，从而实现下文中本申请实施例提供的方法。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器501可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图5中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，PE50可以包括多个处理器，例如图5中的处理器501和处理器508。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，PE50还可以包括输出设备505和输入设备506。
为了更好的理解本申请，此处对下文中提到的路由路径作示例性的绘制，参见图6，其中，标号为i(i为大于0小于等于4的整数)的路径为第i路由路径，具体的路 由路径的含义参见下文。
本申请实施例提供了一种切换路径的方法，如图7所示，该方法可以包括：
701、第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用。
示例性的，第一PE可以为图3中所示的PE1，或者，第一PE可以为图4中所示的PE1或PE2，CE可以为CE1，当然也可以为CE2，本申请实施例中以CE为CE1为例对本申请实施例提供的方法作示例性说明。
示例性的，PE与CE之间可以通过光纤连接，PE若可以接收到光信号，则PE可以判断与CE之间的直连路由路径可用，若不能接收到光信号，则PE可以判断与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用。
路径不可用是指路径无法传输数据，路径可用是指路径可以传输数据。在图3所示的应用场景中，导致路径从可用变为不可用的原因可以包括：路径上的光纤发生故障，例如，光纤被破坏；路径从主用路径切换为备用路径，例如，发生TypeB双归倒换；其他导致路径无法传输数据的情况。在图4所示的应用场景中，导致路径从可用变为不可用的原因可以包括：路径上的光纤发生故障；其他导致路径无法传输数据的情况。
702、第一PE发布第一路由信息，用于使得CE通过第二PE接收数据，第一PE和第二PE均为CE接入的PE，第一路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
第二PE可以为图3中所示的PE2，或者，当第一PE为图4中所示的PE1，第二PE可以为图4中所示的PE2，或者，当第一PE为图4中所示的PE2，第二PE可以为图4中所示的PE1。
需要说明的是，针对到同一个CE的多条路径，在路径均可用的情况下，一条路径中包括的节点越多时，该条路径的路由开销越大，一条路径不可用时，该条不可用的路径的路由开销比可用的路径的路由开销大。
可选的，在步骤702之后，上述方法还可以包括：
703、第三PE学习第一路由信息，并根据第一路由信息对第四路由表(routing table)进行调整得到第五路由表。
其中，第五路由表中第三路由路径的优先级高于第四路由路径的优先级，第三路由路径包括第二PE与第三PE之间的路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径，第四路由路径包括第一PE与第三PE之间的路径和第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径。
704、第三PE采用第三路由路径向CE路由数据。
示例性的，第三PE可以为图3或图4中的PE3或PE4。本申请实施例中以第三PE为PE3为例对本申请实施例提供的方法作示例性说明。
在路由表中优先级相同的两条路由路径可以组成ECMP，优先级不同的两条路径可以组成快速重路由(Fast Reroute，FRR)，并且PE优先采用优先级较高的路径路由数据。
示例性的，若第二PE为PE2，第三PE为PE3，则第三路由路径可以为路径PE3-PE2-CE1。若第一PE为PE1，第三PE为PE3，则第四路由路径可以为路径PE3-PE1-CE1。
示例性的，若第一PE为PE1，第二PE为PE2，第三PE为PE3，在图3所示的应用场景中，由于CE可以通过Type B保护方案接入PE，会存在TypeB双归倒换场景，因此，在PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用之后，默认PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径可用，因此，PE3可以将第三路由路径的优先级调整的高于第四路由路径。在图4所示的应用场景中，正常情况下，CE1与PE1和PE2之间的直连路由路径均可用，在PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用之后，PE3可以将第三路由路径的优先级调整的高于第四路由路径。在图3或图4所示的应用场景中，示例性的，调整路由表之后PE3中保存的第五路由表可以参见表1。
表1
Figure PCTCN2017105080-appb-000001
其中，Vxlan是指虚拟扩展局域网(Virtual Extensible Local Area Network)。示例性的，本文中以CE1的主机路由为10.0.0.5，CE1侧的网段路由为10.0.0.0/24为例对本申请实施例提供的方法作示例性说明，则上述10.0.0.X中的X是除5之外的，1～254之间的有效主机号。
其中，目的IP是指路由条目的目的IP；Prefix长度和目的IP共同组合，确定了路由的目的匹配范围，当Prefix长度为24时，目的IP为一个网段路由，当Prefix长度为32时，目的IP为主机路由；interface为出接口，Vxlan表示出接口是隧道；Next_hop表示下一跳，示例性的，第一PE表示下一跳是第一PE；Metric表示路由开销。
表1中的第一个路由条目表示第四路由路径的路由开销为150，第二个路由条目表示第三路由路径的路由开销为100，则第三PE优先选择通过第二PE向CE路由数据。
可选的，第四路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，或者，第四路由表中第四路由路径和第三路由路径具备相同的优先级。
在图3所示的应用场景中，在步骤701之前，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用，第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用，因此，第四路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，示例性的，在调整路由表之前，第三PE中保存的第四路由表可以参见表2，表2中第四路由路径的Metric小于第三路由路径的Metric，因此，第四路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级。
表2
目的IP Prefix长度 interface Next_hop Metric
10.0.0.X 24 Vxlan 第一PE 100
10.0.0.X 24 Vxlan 第二PE 150
具体的，若第三PE与第一PE和第二PE之间的路径的路由开销均为50，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用时，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销 为50，则第四路由路径的路由开销为100。第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径为不可用时，第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销为100，则第三路由路径的路由开销为150。在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径变为不可用时，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销增大为100，在第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径变为可用时，第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销降低到50。那么，第一路由信息中包括的路由开销可以为100，第三PE由于默认第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用，因此，确定第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销从100变为50，则在第三PE学习到第一路由信息之后，第三PE可以将表2所示的路由表调整为表1所示的路由表，即可以将第四路由路径的路由开销调整到150，将第三路由路径的路由开销调整到100。
在图4所示的应用场景中，在步骤701之前，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径均可用，因此，第四路由表中第四路由路径和第三路由路径具备相同的优先级，示例性的，在调整路由表之前，第三PE中保存的第四路由表可以参见表3，表3中第四路由路径的Metric等于第三路由路径的Metric，因此，第四路由表中第四路由路径和第三路由路径具备相同的优先级。
表3
目的IP Prefix长度 interface Next_hop Metric
10.0.0.X 24 Vxlan 第一PE 100
10.0.0.X 24 Vxlan 第二PE 100
具体的，若第三PE与第一PE和第二PE之间的路径的路由开销均为50，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径均可用时，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销均为50，则第四路由路径和第三路由路径的路由开销均为100。在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径变为不可用时，第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销增大为100。那么，第一路由信息中包括的路由开销可以为100，则在第三PE学习到第一路由信息之后，第三PE可以将表3所示的路由表调整为表1所示的路由表，即可以将第四路由路径的路由开销调整到150，由于第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径始终可用，因此第三路由路径的路由开销不变。
可选的，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用的情况下，第一PE中存储有第一路由表和CE的ARP。
在本申请实施例中，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用时，第一PE不删除第一路由表和第一PE学习到的CE的ARP，从而使得后续第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用时，第一PE不需要重新学习CE的ARP，可以避免下行流量中断。
可选的，在步骤701之后，该方法还可以包括：11)第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，第二路由表中第一路由路径的优先级高于第二路由路径的优先级，第一路由路径为通过第二PE向CE路由数据的路由路径，第二路由路径为直接向CE路由数据的路由路径；12)第 一PE采用第一路由路径向CE路由数据。
其中，第一路由路径包括第一PE与第二PE之间的路径和第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径，第二路由路径可以为第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径，例如，若第一PE为PE1，第二PE为PE2，则第一路由路径可以为路径PE1-PE2-CE1，第二路由路径可以为路径PE1-CE1。
在图3所示的应用场景中，由于CE可以通过Type B保护方案接入PE，会存在TypeB双归倒换场景，因此，在PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用之后，可以默认PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径可用。因此，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用时，第一PE可以将第一路由路径的优先级调整的高于第二路由路径的优先级，以便第一PE采用第一路由路径路由数据。该情况下，下行流量从第一PE切换到第二PE，第三PE重新学习到CE的路由之前，下行流量还是到达了第一PE，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径已经不可用时，第一PE可以通过第一路由路径向CE路由数据，可以防止下行流量中断。
在图4所示的应用场景中，正常情况下，CE1与PE1和PE2之间的直连路由路径均可用，在PE1与CE1之间的直连路由路径不可用之后，可以默认PE2与CE1之间的直连路由路径可用。因此，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用时，第一PE可以将第一路由路径的优先级调整的高于第二路由路径的优先级，以便第一PE采用第一路由路径路由数据。该情况下，若第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用，则第三PE需要将ECMP刷新成单路径路由，在路由路径刷新之前，第三PE还可能随机选路到第一PE，由于此时第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用，第一PE通过对路由表进行调整后采用第一路由路径路由数据，可以避免下行流量中断。
在图3或图4所示的应用场景中，示例性的，第二路由表可以参见表4。
表4
目的IP Prefix长度 Next_hop Metric
10.0.0.5 32 CE1 ∞
10.0.0.X 24 CPU ∞
10.0.0.X 24 第二PE 50
表4中的第一个路由条目表示第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径(即第二路由路径)的路由开销为∞，即第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用，由于第一PE与第二PE对于CE来说是同一个PE，因此，第一PE和第二PE的主机路由相同，那么，假设第一PE和第二PE的主机路由均为10.0.0.1，则第一PE可以通过主机路由为10.0.0.1的设备向CE发送数据，由于第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用，因此，第一PE可以将Next_hop为CPU的路径条目中的路由开销也设置为∞(现有技术中是直接回收掉该条路由)，那么第一PE可以通过表4中的第三个路由条目向CE发送数据，即采用第一路由路径向CE发送数据。
可选的，在步骤11)之前，该方法还可以包括：第一PE学习第三路由信息，第三路由信息为第二PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后发布的路由信 息，第三路由信息中包括第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；该情况下，步骤11)可以包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息和第三路由信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表。
该情况下，第二PE在确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用之后，可以发布第三路由信息。
需要说明的是，参见该可选的方法，第一PE也可以在确定第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的情况下对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表。
可选的，在步骤11)之后，该方法还可以包括：21)第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用；22)第一PE发布第二路由信息，用于使得CE通过第一PE接收数据，第二路由信息中包括第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
在图3所示的应用场景中，导致路径从不可用变为可用的原因可以包括：路径上的光纤的故障恢复正常；路径从备用路径切换为主用路径，例如，发生TypeB双归倒换；其他导致路径可以重新传输数据的情况。在图4所示的应用场景中，导致路径从不可用变为可用的原因可以包括：路径上的光纤的故障恢复正常；其他导致路径可以重新传输数据的情况。
需要说明的是，针对到同一个CE的多条路径，在路径均可用的情况下，一条路径中包括的节点越少时，该条路径的路由开销越小，一条路径可用时，该条可用的路径的路由开销比不可用的路径的路由开销小。
可选的，在步骤22)之后，该方法还可以包括：第三PE学习第二路由信息；第三PE根据第二路由信息对第五路由表进行调整得到第六路由表，第六路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，或者，第六路由表中第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级；若第六路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，第三PE采用第四路由路径向CE路由数据；若第六路由表中第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级，第三PE采用第三路由路径或第四路由路径向CE路由数据。
在图3所示的应用场景中，当第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用时，由于存在TypeB双归倒换场景，可以默认第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用，此时，可以将第四路由路径的优先级调整的高于第三路由路径的优先级。
在图4所示的应用场景中，当第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用时，由于第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径也可用，因此，可以将第三路由路径的优先级调整的和第四路由路径相同。
第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级时，第三路由路径和第四路由路径可以组成ECMP，第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级时，第三路由路径和第四路由路径可以组成FRR，并且PE优先采用优先级较高的路径路由数据。
在图3或图4所示的应用场景中，示例性的，若第六路由表中第四路由路径的优先级高于第三路由路径的优先级，PE3调整路由表之后PE3中保存的第六路由表可以参见表2，若第六路由表中第三路由路径和第四路由路径具备相同的优先级，PE3调 整路由表之后PE3中保存的第六路由表可以参见表3。
可选的，在步骤21)之后，该方法还可以包括：31)第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，第三路由表中第二路由路径的优先级高于第一路由路径的优先级；32)第一PE采用第二路由路径向CE路由数据。
由于第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为了可用，到达第一PE的数据第一PE可以直接发往CE，因此，第一PE可以将第二路由路径的优先级调整的高于第一路由路径的优先级。
在图3或图4所示的应用场景中，示例性的，第三路由表可以参见表5。
表5
目的IP Prefix长度 Next_hop Metric
10.0.0.5 32 CE1 0
10.0.0.X 24 CPU 50
10.0.0.X 24 第二PE 100
可选的，在步骤31)之前，该方法还可以包括：第一PE学习第四路由信息，第四路由信息为第二PE在与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后发布的路由信息，第四路由信息中包括第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；该情况下，步骤31)在具体实现时可以包括：第一PE根据第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息和第四路由信息对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表。
该情况下，第二PE在确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用之后，可以发布第四路由信息。
需要说明的是，参见该可选的方法，第一PE也可以在确定第二PE与CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的情况下对第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表。
本申请实施例提供的方法，在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后，第一PE会发布第一路由信息，从而使得接收到第一路由信息的PE(例如，第三PE)及时的调整路由表，使得数据直接从第二PE发往CE，即CE通过第二PE接收数据，而不从第一PE接收数据，因此，可以避免在第一PE与CE之间的直连路由路径故障的情况下，下行数据无法在第一PE上进行转发，从而导致下行流量中断的问题。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请实施例提供的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，上述第一PE和第三PE为了实现上述功能，其包含了执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例对第一PE和第三PE进行功能模块的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能模块，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在 一个处理模块中。上述集成的模块既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能模块的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对模块的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
在采用集成的单元的情况下，图8示出了上述实施例中所涉及的一种装置80的可能的结构示意图，该装置80可以为第一PE或第三PE。该装置80包括处理单元801和收发单元802，还可以包括存储单元803。
当装置80为第一PE时，处理单元801用于对第一PE的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理单元801用于支持第一PE执行图7中的过程701和702，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的第一PE执行的动作。收发单元802用于支持第一PE与其他网络实体的通信，例如，与图7中的第三PE的通信，存储单元803用于存储第一PE的程序代码和数据。
当装置80为第三PE时，处理单元801用于对第三PE的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理单元801用于支持第三PE执行图7中的过程703和704，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的第三PE执行的动作。收发单元802用于支持第三PE与其他网络实体的通信，例如，与图7中的第一PE的通信，存储单元803用于存储第三PE的程序代码和数据。
其中，处理单元801可以是处理器或控制器，收发单元802可以是通信接口、收发器、收发电路等，其中，通信接口是统称，可以包括一个或多个接口。存储单元803可以是存储器。当处理单元801为处理器，收发单元802为通信接口，存储单元803为存储器时，本申请实施例所涉及的装置的硬件结构示意图可以参见图5。
当图5所示的为第一PE的硬件结构示意图时，处理器501可以对第一PE的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器501用于支持第一PE执行图7中的过程701和702，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的第一PE执行的动作。当图5所示的为第三PE的硬件结构示意图时，处理器501可以对第三PE的动作进行控制管理，例如，处理器501用于支持第三PE执行图7中的过程703和704，和/或本申请实施例中所描述的其他过程中的第三PE执行的动作。
本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，包括指令，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种包含指令的计算机程序产品，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述方法。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件程序实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式来实现。该计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或者数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(Digital Subscriber Line，DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中 心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可以用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)，光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看所述附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现所述公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种切换路径的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    第一服务商边缘路由器PE确定与用户边界设备CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用；
    所述第一PE发布第一路由信息，用于使得所述CE通过第二PE接收数据，所述第一PE和所述第二PE均为所述CE接入的PE，所述第一路由信息中包括所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE确定与CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，所述第二路由表中第一路由路径的优先级高于第二路由路径的优先级，所述第一路由路径为通过所述第二PE向所述CE路由数据的路由路径，所述第二路由路径为直接向所述CE路由数据的路由路径；
    所述第一PE采用所述第一路由路径向所述CE路由数据。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一PE确定与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用；
    所述第一PE发布第二路由信息，用于使得所述CE通过所述第一PE接收数据，所述第二路由信息中包括所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE确定与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用之后，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，所述第三路由表中所述第二路由路径的优先级高于所述第一路由路径的优先级；
    所述第一PE采用所述第二路由路径向所述CE路由数据。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一PE学习第三路由信息，所述第三路由信息为所述第二PE在与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后发布的路由信息，所述第三路由信息中包括所述第二PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；
    所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，包括：所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息和所述第三路由信息对所述第一路由表进行调整得到所述第二路由表。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表之前，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一PE学习第四路由信息，所述第四路由信息为所述第二PE在与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后发布的路由信息，所述第四路由信息中包括所述第二PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；
    所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，包括：所述第一PE根据所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息和所述第四路由信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到所述第三路由表。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用的情况下，所述第一PE中存储有所述第一路由表和所述CE的地址解析协议ARP。
  8. 一种装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：处理单元和收发单元；
    所述处理单元，用于确定与用户边界设备CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用；
    所述处理单元，还用于通过所述收发单元发布第一路由信息，用于使得所述CE通过第二服务商边缘路由器PE接收数据，所述装置和所述第二PE均为所述CE接入的PE，所述第一路由信息中包括所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    根据所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息对第一路由表进行调整得到第二路由表，所述第二路由表中第一路由路径的优先级高于第二路由路径的优先级，所述第一路由路径为通过所述第二PE向所述CE路由数据的路由路径，所述第二路由路径为直接向所述CE路由数据的路由路径；
    采用所述第一路由路径向所述CE路由数据。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于确定与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用；
    所述处理单元，还用于通过所述收发单元发布第二路由信息，用于使得所述CE通过所述装置接收数据，所述第二路由信息中包括所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元，还用于：
    根据所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到第三路由表，所述第三路由表中所述第二路由路径的优先级高于所述第一路由路径的优先级；
    采用所述第二路由路径向所述CE路由数据。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于通过所述收发单元学习第三路由信息，所述第三路由信息为所述第二PE在与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从不可用变为可用后发布的路由信息，所述第三路由信息中包括所述第二PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：根据所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径不可用的信息和所述第三路由信息对所述第一路由表进行调整得到所述第二路由表。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述处理单元，还用于通过所述收发单元学习第四路由信息，所述第四路由信息为所述第二PE在与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用后发布的路由信息，所述第四路由信息中包括所述第二PE与所述CE之间的直连路由路径的路由开销；
    所述处理单元，具体用于：根据所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径可用的信息和所述第四路由信息对所述第二路由表进行调整得到所述第三路由表。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，在所述装置与所述CE之间的直连路由路径从可用变为不可用的情况下，所述装置中存储有所述第一路由表和所述CE的地址解析协议ARP。
  15. 一种装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：存储器和处理器；
    所述存储器用于存储计算机执行指令，所述处理器执行所述存储器存储的所述计算机执行指令，以使所述装置实现如权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的方法。
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US20030076962A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Jong-Hyuk Roh Method for modifying validity of a certificate using biometric information in public key infrastructure-based authentication system
CN101931586A (zh) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 中国电信股份有限公司 Mpls vpn快速重路由的方法及其系统
CN102387060A (zh) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-21 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 标签交换路径隧道建立方法和装置
CN106169969A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-11-30 华为技术有限公司 建立虚拟专用网标签交换路径方法、相关设备和系统

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030076962A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Jong-Hyuk Roh Method for modifying validity of a certificate using biometric information in public key infrastructure-based authentication system
CN101931586A (zh) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 中国电信股份有限公司 Mpls vpn快速重路由的方法及其系统
CN102387060A (zh) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-21 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 标签交换路径隧道建立方法和装置
CN106169969A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2016-11-30 华为技术有限公司 建立虚拟专用网标签交换路径方法、相关设备和系统

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