WO2021196769A1 - 一种切换方法及终端、基站 - Google Patents
一种切换方法及终端、基站 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021196769A1 WO2021196769A1 PCT/CN2020/138966 CN2020138966W WO2021196769A1 WO 2021196769 A1 WO2021196769 A1 WO 2021196769A1 CN 2020138966 W CN2020138966 W CN 2020138966W WO 2021196769 A1 WO2021196769 A1 WO 2021196769A1
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- terminal
- time point
- base station
- handover
- satellite
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18519—Operations control, administration or maintenance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/06—Airborne or Satellite Networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/24—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters
- H04W36/32—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data
- H04W36/322—Reselection being triggered by specific parameters by location or mobility data, e.g. speed data by location data
Definitions
- This application relates to the field of satellite communications, and in particular to a handover method, terminal, and base station.
- the low-orbit satellite communication network has the advantages of wide coverage, low transmission delay, low link power consumption and strong survivability, so it has broad development prospects in the field of satellite communication.
- the relative speed is as high as 8km/s, which means that the wireless cell of the low-orbit satellite is moving fast. Therefore, the terminal needs to frequently move from one satellite to another during the communication process.
- the wireless cell of the LEO satellite is switched to the wireless cell of another LEO satellite.
- This application provides a handover method, a terminal, and a base station, with the purpose of solving the problem of how to reduce the handover delay and improve the communication quality of users when low-orbit satellites are used for communication.
- a switching method includes:
- the terminal obtains the location information, ephemeris information, and first duration of the terminal, where the first duration is the duration required by the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite; the original satellite is where the terminal is currently covered The location of the satellite; the target satellite is the next satellite that covers the location of the terminal;
- the terminal calculates the handover time point according to the position information and the ephemeris information
- the terminal performs the handover from the original satellite to the target satellite at the handover time point.
- the foregoing method optionally, at the handover time point, before the terminal performs handover, further includes:
- the target cell is calculated, and the information of the target cell is sent to the base station.
- the target cell is the cell where the target satellite covers the location of the terminal, so that the base station will The communication with the terminal is switched to the target cell;
- the switching from the original satellite to the target satellite at the switching time point includes:
- the communication with the base station is switched to the target cell, and the handover instruction includes the information of the target cell.
- the above method optionally, also includes:
- the switching time point is updated to obtain the updated target switching time point;
- the second location information is the location update of the terminal After the location information;
- the updated target handover time point is sent to the base station, and the handover is performed at the updated target handover time point, wherein the time point at which the updated target handover time point is sent is greater than the The updated target switching time point is at least advanced by the first time period.
- the terminal acquiring the ephemeris information and the first duration includes:
- the terminal receives a first broadcast message of the base station, and the first broadcast message carries the ephemeris information, or the terminal obtains the ephemeris information according to an instruction to obtain the ephemeris information;
- the terminal receives a second broadcast message of the base station, and the second broadcast message carries the first duration.
- a switching method includes:
- the base station receives the handover time point sent by the terminal, and the handover time point is determined by the terminal according to the location information and ephemeris information of the terminal;
- the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and a target satellite, and the target satellite is the next low-orbit satellite that covers the location of the terminal;
- the switching process is executed.
- the foregoing method optionally, before the base station executes the handover procedure at the handover time point, further includes:
- the target cell is calculated, and a handover instruction is sent to the terminal.
- the handover instruction includes the information of the target cell, so that the terminal can switch the communication with the base station to the target cell at the handover time point.
- the target cell ;
- the performing handover at the handover time point includes:
- the above method optionally, also includes:
- the updated target switching time point is that after the terminal detects that the difference between the second location information and the original location information of the terminal is greater than a threshold, Obtained after updating the switching time point;
- the second location information is the updated location information of the terminal;
- the switching process is executed.
- the foregoing method optionally, before the base station receives the handover time point sent by the terminal, further includes:
- the base station sends a second broadcast message to the terminal, where the second broadcast message carries a first duration, and the first duration is the duration required by the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- a terminal includes: a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store a program, and the processor is used to run the program to implement the switching method described above.
- a base station includes a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store a program, and the processor is used to run the program to implement the above handover method.
- the handover method, terminal, and base station provided by the implementation of this application.
- the time point at which the terminal sends the handover time point to the base station is at least a first time earlier than the handover time point, because the first time length is required for the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the required time, the target satellite is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal, so after the base station receives the switching time point sent by the terminal, there is enough time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, ensuring that the terminal moves to the target After the cell covered by the satellite, the terminal can use the target satellite to communicate, so as to keep the communication uninterrupted.
- the terminal and the base station perform handover at the same time without notification from one end to the other end, which avoids the delay of signaling transmission. And a lot of signaling interaction, so as to ensure that the terminal communication is not interrupted.
- Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a handover method disclosed in an embodiment of the application
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of another handover method disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of another handover method disclosed in an embodiment of this application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the flow structure of a handover device disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the flow structure of another switching device disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal disclosed in an embodiment of the application.
- Fig. 1 is a handover method provided for implementation of this application, which may include the following steps.
- the terminal obtains location information, ephemeris information, and a first duration of the terminal.
- the terminal can be a communication device such as a mobile phone, a notebook, a tablet computer, and the ephemeris information can include ephemeris information of multiple satellites, or only ephemeris information of a single satellite.
- the ephemeris information includes at least the original satellite For ephemeris information, the original satellite is the satellite currently covering the location of the terminal, the first duration is the time required for the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, and the target satellite is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal.
- the terminal can obtain its own location information through a GPS locator or Beidou.
- One way for the terminal to obtain ephemeris information may be to receive the first broadcast message sent by the base station.
- the first broadcast message carries the ephemeris information, or the terminal sends an instruction to the communication application layer to obtain the ephemeris information.
- the instruction carries the terminal.
- the identity code of the terminal, so that the communication application layer sends the ephemeris information to the terminal according to the terminal ’s identity code.
- the manner in which the terminal obtains the first duration may be to receive a second broadcast message sent by the base station, and the second broadcast message carries the first duration.
- the base station broadcasts the first broadcast message and the second broadcast message to the terminal every preset time period.
- the base station can broadcast the first broadcast message and the second broadcast message at the same time, that is, the first broadcast message and the second broadcast message.
- the second broadcast message can be the same broadcast message or different broadcast information. .
- the terminal calculates the handover time point according to the position information and the ephemeris information.
- the terminal adopts the preset ephemeris algorithm to obtain the calculated switching time point.
- the terminal adopts the preset ephemeris algorithm to obtain the calculated switching time point.
- the terminal sends the handover time point to the base station, so that the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite according to the received handover time point.
- the time point at which the handover time point is sent is at least a first time ahead of the handover time point.
- the advance time takes into account the time required for signal transmission from the terminal to the base station, so that the base station receives the handover time point. Sufficient time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the base station After the base station receives the handover time point, it establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite within the first time period, that is, establishes an air interface SRB (Signaling Radio Bearers) channel.
- SRB Signalaling Radio Bearers
- the terminal performs handover from the original satellite to the target satellite, and the base station performs the handover procedure.
- the terminal switches the communication satellite from the original satellite to the target satellite, and uses the channel resources established by the base station for communication connection.
- the base station switches the communication channel with the terminal to the channel established for the terminal on the target satellite, thereby completing the entire switching process.
- the terminal sends the handover time point to the base station at least the first time point ahead of the handover time point, because the first time length is the time required for the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the satellite is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal, so after the base station receives the handover time point sent by the terminal, there is enough time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, ensuring that the terminal moves to the cell covered by the target satellite ,
- the terminal can use the target satellite to communicate, so as to keep the communication uninterrupted.
- the terminal and the base station perform the handover at the same time, without notification from one end to the other end, avoiding the delay of signaling transmission and a large amount of signaling Interaction, so as to ensure that the terminal communication is not interrupted.
- the handover time point is calculated by the terminal and sent to the base station, and the base station does not need to calculate the handover time point, so that the calculation load of the base station can be reduced.
- Figure 2 is a handover method provided for implementation of this application, which may include the following steps.
- the base station sends the ephemeris information and the first duration to the terminal.
- the base station sends the ephemeris information and the first time length to the cell covered by the original satellite every preset time period, and the ephemeris information includes at least the ephemeris information of the original satellite.
- the base station may send the ephemeris information and the first duration to the terminal in a broadcast form or in a separate signaling manner.
- the first duration is the duration required by the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, and the target satellite is the next satellite that covers the location of the terminal.
- S202 The terminal calculates the switching time point according to the position information and the ephemeris information.
- S203 The terminal sends the handover time point to the base station.
- the time at which the terminal sends the handover time to the base station is at least a first time ahead of the handover time.
- the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, and calculates the target cell.
- the base station After receiving the handover time point, the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite within the first time period.
- the target cell is the cell where the target satellite covers the location of the terminal.
- the base station combines the ephemeris information of the original satellite and the handover time point, and uses a preset ephemeris algorithm to determine the target cell, or determines the target from a pre-stored ephemeris information data table For the cell, the detailed process for the base station to determine the target cell can refer to the prior art.
- S205 The base station sends a handover instruction to the terminal.
- the base station After the base station completes the establishment of the channel and obtains the target cell, it sends a handover instruction to the terminal, and the handover instruction carries the information of the target cell.
- the time point at which the base station sends the handover instruction to the terminal is at least ahead of the handover time point by the time required for signal transmission from the base station to the terminal. This ensures that the switching instruction can reach the terminal before the switching time point.
- the terminal switches the communication with the base station to the target cell.
- the base station switches the communication with the terminal to the target cell at the handover time.
- the terminal and the base station are at the handover time point, and at the same time, the communication between the two is handed over to the target cell, and information is transmitted through the target cell.
- the terminal sends the handover time point to the base station at least a first time ahead of the handover time point, so that the base station has enough time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the base station sends The time when the terminal sends the handover instruction is at least ahead of the handover time by the time required for signal transmission from the base station to the terminal, ensuring that after the terminal moves to the cell covered by the target satellite, the terminal can use the target satellite to communicate with the base station in time to maintain The communication is not interrupted.
- the terminal and the base station perform the handover at the time of the handover. There is no need to notify the other end from one end, which avoids the delay of signaling transmission and a large amount of signaling interaction, thereby ensuring that the terminal communication is not interrupted.
- the target cell may also be calculated by the terminal and sent to the base station, so that the base station will switch communication with the terminal to the target cell at the handover time.
- the method in which the terminal calculates the target cell is consistent with the method in which the base station calculates the target cell.
- the terminal is used to calculate the target cell, and the information of the target cell is sent to the base station, eliminating the need for the base station to calculate the target cell, thereby reducing the calculation load of the base station.
- FIG. 3 provides another handover method for implementation of this application, which may include the following steps.
- the terminal After detecting that the difference between the second location information and the location information is greater than the threshold, the terminal updates the switching time point to obtain the updated target switching time point.
- the second location information is the updated location information of the terminal.
- the terminal After sending the handover time to the base station, the terminal detects that the difference between the second location information and the location information is greater than the threshold, and then updates the handover time to obtain the updated
- the updated target switching time point is obtained according to the second position information and the ephemeris information of the first satellite.
- the specific calculation process of obtaining the updated target switching time point is the same as the terminal calculation in the above embodiment.
- the process at the time point is the same.
- the terminal sends the updated target switching time point to the base station.
- the time point at which the updated target handover time point is sent is at least a first time period earlier than the updated target handover time point, and the first time length is sent by the base station described in the foregoing implementation through broadcast or separate signaling.
- the first duration is the duration required by the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the base station determines the third satellite according to the updated target handover time point.
- the base station After receiving the updated target switching time point sent by the terminal, the base station determines the third satellite according to the ephemeris information and the updated target switching time point, and the specific process of determining the third satellite refers to the prior art. Among them, the third satellite is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal.
- S304 The base station judges whether the third satellite is a target satellite. If yes, execute S305 to S306, if not, execute S307 to S308.
- the base station has received the handover time point sent by the terminal before the updated target handover time point sent by the receiving terminal, and calculated the target satellite according to the received handover time point.
- the target satellite is the handover time point sent by the base station according to the terminal for the first time .
- the calculated next satellite covering the location of the terminal If the third satellite is the target satellite, execute S305 to S306. If the third satellite is not the target satellite, indicating that the next satellite covering the location of the terminal is not the target satellite, execute S307 to S308.
- the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, calculates the target cell, and sends a handover instruction to the terminal. Among them, the handover instruction carries the information of the target cell. It should be noted that, in this example, after receiving the updated target switching time point, the base station establishes channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the terminal and the base station simultaneously switch the communication between the two to the target cell. It should be noted that although the next satellite covering the location of the terminal is still the target satellite, the time point of handover has been changed, so the terminal and the base station need to perform handover at the updated target handover time point to ensure accurate handover to the target Community.
- the base station establishes a channel resource between the terminal and the third satellite, calculates the first target cell, and sends a handover instruction to the terminal.
- the handover instruction carries the information of the first target cell.
- the first target cell is a cell covered by the third satellite, and if the third satellite and the target satellite are not the same satellite, the first target cell and the target cell of the target satellite are not the same cell. The implementation of this step is consistent with the implementation of S205 in FIG. 2 of the foregoing embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
- the terminal sends an updated target switching time point to the base station after detecting a major change in location, so that the base station can promptly serve the terminal after determining that the next satellite covering the terminal’s location changes.
- Establish channel resources with the next satellite covering the terminal so that the terminal can keep the signal uninterrupted even in a fast-moving scene.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a switching device 400 provided by an embodiment of the application, which is applied to a terminal, and includes:
- the acquiring unit 401 is used to acquire the location information, ephemeris information, and first duration of the terminal.
- the first duration is the duration required by the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite; the original satellite is the satellite currently covering the location of the terminal ; The target satellite is the next satellite that covers the location of the terminal.
- the calculation unit 402 is configured to calculate the switching time point according to the position information and the ephemeris information.
- the sending unit 403 is configured to send the handover time point to the base station, where the time point at which the handover time point is sent is at least a first time ahead of the handover time point.
- the switching unit 404 is configured to perform switching from the original satellite to the target satellite at the switching time point.
- the calculation unit 402 is further configured to calculate a target cell, and send information about the target cell to the base station.
- the target cell is a cell where the target satellite covers the location of the terminal, so that the base station is at the handover time point. , Switch the communication with the terminal to the target cell, or receive the target cell sent by the base station.
- the handover unit 404 is further configured to switch communication with the base station to the target cell according to the handover instruction sent by the received base station at the handover time point, and the handover instruction includes the information of the target cell.
- the calculation unit 402 is further configured to, after detecting that the difference between the second location information and the location information is greater than the threshold, update the switching time point to obtain the updated target switching time point, and the second location information is The updated location information of the terminal's location. And trigger the sending unit 403 to send the updated target switching time point to the base station, and trigger the switching unit 404 to perform the handover from the original satellite to the target satellite at the updated target switching time point, wherein the time of the target switching time point is sent Point, at least the first time ahead of the target switching time point.
- the acquiring unit 401 is configured to acquire the calendar information and the specific implementation process of the first time length as follows:
- the first broadcast message of the base station carries ephemeris information, or the ephemeris information is obtained according to the sending instruction to obtain the ephemeris information, and the second broadcast message of the base station is received, and the second broadcast message carries the ephemeris information The first duration.
- the terminal provided by the implementation of this application sends the handover time point to the base station at least the first time period ahead of the handover time point, because the first time length is the time required for the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the target satellite It is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal, so after the base station receives the handover time point sent by the terminal, there is enough time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, ensuring that the terminal moves to the cell covered by the target satellite.
- the terminal can use the target satellite to communicate, so as to keep the communication uninterrupted.
- the terminal and the base station perform the handover at the same time, without notification from one end to the other end, avoiding the delay of signaling transmission and a large amount of signaling interaction , So as to ensure that the terminal communication is not interrupted.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a handover device 500 provided by an embodiment of the application, which is applied to a base station, and includes:
- the receiving unit 501 is configured to receive the switching time point sent by the terminal.
- the switching time point is determined by the terminal according to the location information of the terminal and the ephemeris information of the first satellite, and the first satellite is the satellite currently covering the location of the terminal.
- the establishment unit 502 is used to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, and the target satellite is the next low-orbit satellite that covers the location of the terminal.
- the switching unit 503 is configured to execute the switching process at the switching time point.
- the terminal also includes a calculation unit 504, configured to calculate the target cell and send a handover instruction to the terminal.
- the handover instruction includes information about the target cell, so that the terminal will switch the communication with the base station at the handover time. To the target cell.
- the receiving unit 501 is further configured to receive the target cell sent by the terminal, and trigger the handover unit 503 to switch the communication with the terminal to the target cell at the handover time point.
- the receiving unit 501 is further configured to receive an updated target switching time point sent by the terminal, where the updated target switching time point is when the terminal detects that the difference between the second location information and the original location information of the terminal is greater than After the threshold, the handover time point is updated; the second location information is the updated location information of the terminal; the trigger establishment unit 503 establishes channel resources for the terminal according to the updated target handover time point; and triggers the handover The unit executes the switching process at the updated target switching time point.
- it further includes a sending unit 505, configured to send a first broadcast message and a second broadcast information to the terminal, the first broadcast message carries ephemeris information, the second broadcast message carries a first duration, and the first duration is
- the base station is the time required to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the receiving terminal sends the handover time point, and the terminal sends the handover time point at least a first time earlier than the handover time point, because the first time length is required for the base station to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite.
- the required time, the target satellite is the next satellite covering the location of the terminal, so after the base station receives the switching time point sent by the terminal, there is enough time to establish channel resources between the terminal and the target satellite, ensuring that the terminal moves to the target After the cell covered by the satellite, the terminal can use the target satellite to communicate, so as to keep the communication uninterrupted.
- the terminal and the base station perform handover at the same time, without the need to notify the other end from one end, which avoids the delay of signaling transmission. And a lot of signaling interaction, so as to ensure that the terminal communication is not interrupted.
- the present application also provides a terminal 600.
- the schematic structural diagram of the terminal 600 is shown in FIG.
- the present application also provides a base station 700.
- the schematic structural diagram of the base station 700 is shown in FIG.
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Abstract
本申请实施提供的切换方法及终端、基站，终端向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，因为第一时长为基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，所以基站在接收到终端发送的切换时间点后，有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆盖的小区后，终端能够利用目标卫星进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，确保终端通信不中断。
Description
本申请要求于2020年04月02日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010255027.0、发明名称为“一种切换方法及终端、基站”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请涉及卫星通信领域，尤其涉及一种切换方法及终端、基站。
当前通过卫星实现无线互联网全球覆盖是热点研究领域。低轨卫星通信网络具有覆盖范围广、传输时延低、链路功耗少和较强的抗毁性等优点，所以在卫星通信领域拥有广阔的发展前景。
由于低轨卫星与地球运动之间是相对运动的，相对运动速度高达8km/s，也就是说低轨卫星的无线小区是快速移动的，所以，终端在通信的过程中需要频繁的从一颗低轨卫星的无线小区切换到另一颗低轨卫星的无线小区。
现有的针对低轨卫星通信的切换方法中，存在切换延迟的情况，导致通信的过程中可能会出现的通信中断的问题，所以如何在采用低轨卫星进行通信的情况下，减小切换时延，提升用户的通信质量，成为了目前亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种切换方法及终端、基站，目的在于解决如何在采用低轨卫星进行通信的情况下，减小切换时延，提升用户的通信质的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本申请提供了以下技术方案：
一种切换方法，包括：
终端获取所述终端的位置信息、星历信息以及第一时长，所述第一时 长是基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长；原卫星为当前覆盖所述终端所在位置的卫星；目标卫星为下一个覆盖所述终端所在位置的卫星；
所述终端依据所述位置信息和所述星历信息，计算得到切换时间点；
所述终端向所述基站发送所述切换时间点，其中，发送所述切换时间点的时间点，比所述切换时间点至少提前所述第一时长；
所述终端在所述切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换。
上述的方法，可选的，所述终端在所述切换时间点，执行切换之前，还包括：
计算得到目标小区，并将所述目标小区的信息发送至所述基站，所述目标小区为所述目标卫星覆盖所述终端所在位置的小区，以使所述基站在所述切换时间点，将与所述终端之间的通信切换至所述目标小区；
或，接收所述基站发送的所述目标小区；
所述在所述切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换，包括：
在所述切换时间点，依据已接收的所述基站发送的切换指令，将与所述基站之间的通信切换至所述目标小区，所述切换指令包括所述目标小区的信息。
上述的方法，可选的，还包括：
在检测到第二位置信息与所述位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对所述切换时间点进行更新，得到更新后的目标切换时间点；所述第二位置信息为所述终端的位置更新后的位置信息；
将所述更新后的目标切换时间点发送至所述基站，并在所述更新后的 目标切换时间点，执行切换，其中，发送所述更新后的目标切换时间点的时间点，比所述更新后的目标切换时间点至少提前所述第一时长。
上述的方法，可选的，所述终端获取所述星历信息以及第一时长，包括：
所述终端接收所述基站的第一广播消息，所述第一广播消息中携带所述星历信息，或，所述终端依据发送获取所述星历信息的指令，得到所述星历信息；
所述终端接收所述基站的第二广播消息，所述第二广播消息中携带所述第一时长。
一种切换方法，包括：
基站接收终端发送的切换时间点，所述切换时间点由所述终端依据所述终端的位置信息和星历信息确定；
所述基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，所述目标卫星为下一个覆盖所述终端所在位置的低轨卫星；
在所述切换时间点，执行切换流程。
上述的方法，可选的，所述基站在所述切换时间点，执行切换流程之前，还包括：
计算得到目标小区，并向所述终端发送切换指令，所述切换指令包括所述目标小区的信息，以使所述终端在所述切换时间点，将与所述基站之间的通信切换至所述目标小区；
或，接收所述终端发送的目标小区；
所述在所述切换时间点，执行切换，包括：
在所述切换时间点，将与所述终端之间的通信切换至所述目标小区；
上述的方法，可选的，还包括：
接收所述终端发送的更新后的目标切换时间点，所述更新后的目标切换时间点为所述终端在检测到第二位置信息与终端的原所述位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对所述切换时间点进行更新后得到的；所述第二位置信息为所述终端的位置更新后的位置信息；
根据所述更新后的目标切换时间点为所述终端建立信道资源；
在所述更新后的目标切换时间点，执行所述切换流程。
上述的方法，可选的，基站接收终端发送的切换时间点之前，还包括：
所述基站向所述终端发送第一广播消息，所述第一广播消息中携带所述星历信息；
所述基站向所述终端发送第二广播消息，所述第二广播消息中携带第一时长，所述第一时长是基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长。
一种终端，包括：存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于运行所述程序，以实现上述切换方法。
一种基站，包括：存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于运行所述程序，以实现上述切换方法。
本申请实施提供的切换方法及终端、基站，终端向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，因为第一时长为基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，所以基站在接收到终端发送的切换时间点后，有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆 盖的小区后，终端能够利用目标卫星进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，从而确保终端通信不中断。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例公开的一种切换方法的流程图；
图2为本申请实施例公开的又一种切换的方法流程图；
图3为本申请实施例公开的又一种切换的方法流程图；
图4为本申请实施例公开的一种切换的装置的流结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例公开的又一种切换的装置的流结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例公开的一种基站的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例公开的一种终端的结构示意图。
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请实施例提供的方法，适用于利用低轨卫星实现4G和5G通信的 场景。图1为本申请实施提供的一种切换方法，可以包括以下步骤。
S101、终端获取终端的位置信息、星历信息以及第一时长。
终端可以是手机、笔记本和平板电脑等通讯设备，星历信息可以是包括多个卫星的星历信息，也可以只包括单个卫星的星历信息，本实施例中，星历信息至少包括原卫星的星历信息，原卫星为当前覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，第一时长是基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。
终端可以通过GPS定位器或者北斗获取自身的位置信息。终端获取星历信息的一种方式可以是接收基站发送的第一广播消息，第一广播消息中携带星历信息，也可以是终端向通信应用层发送获取星历信息的指令，指令中携带终端的身份编码，以使通信应用层依据终端的身份编码，向终端发送星历信息。
终端获取第一时长的方式可以是接收基站发送的第二广播消息，第二广播消息中携带第一时长。
本实施例中，基站每隔一个预设的时长，向终端广播第一广播消息和第二广播消息，基站可以同时广播第一广播消息和第二广播消息，也就是说第一广播消息和第二广播消息可以是相同的广播消息，也可以是不同的广播信息。。
S102、终端依据位置信息和星历信息，计算得到切换时间点。
终端依据位置信息和星历信息，采用预设的星历算法，得到计算得到切换时间点，实现本步骤的具详细过程可以参考现有技术，此处不再赘述。
S103、终端向基站发送切换时间点，使基站依据接收到的切换时间点， 为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源。
其中，发送切换时间点的时间点，比该切换时间点至少提前第一时长，具体的，提前的时长中考虑信号从终端传输到基站所需的时长，使基站接收到该切换时间点后有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源。
基站接收到切换时间点后，在第一时长内，为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，即建立空口SRB(Signaling Radio Bearers，信令无线承载)信道，
S104、在切换时间点，终端执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换，基站执行切换流程。
终端在切换时间点，将通信卫星由原卫星切换至目标卫星，采用基站建立的信道资源进行通信连接。同时，在切换时间点，基站将与终端通信的信道切换至在目标卫星上为终端建立的信道，从而完成整个切换的过程。
本申请实施提供的方法，终端向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，因为第一时长为基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，所以基站在接收到终端发送的切换时间点后，有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆盖的小区后，终端能够利用目标卫星进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，从而确保终端通信不中断。
另外，本技术方案中，切换时间点是由终端计算得到并发送至基站的，无需基站计算切换时间点，从而可以减少基站的计算负荷。
图2为本申请实施提供的一种切换方法，可以包括以下步骤。
S201、基站向终端发送星历信息以及第一时长。
基站每隔预设的时长向在原卫星所覆盖的小区发送星历信息以及第一时长，星历信息中至少包括原卫星的星历信息。基站可以以广播的形式或单独信令的方式将星历信息以及第一时长发送至终端。如前述实施例所述，第一时长是基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。
S202、终端依据位置信息和星历信息，计算得到切换时间点。
实现本步骤的具体方式可以参考现有技术，此处不再赘述。
S203、终端向基站发送切换时间点。
考虑到信号从终端传输到基站的时长，以及基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，终端向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比该切换时间点至少提前第一时长。
S204、基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，并计算得到目标小区。
基站接收到切换时间点后，在第一时长内，为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源。目标小区为目标卫星覆盖终端所在位置的小区，基站结合原卫星的星历信息以及切换时间点，采用预设的星历算法可确定目标小区，或从预先存储的星历信息数据表中确定目标小区，基站确定目标小区的详细过程可以参考现有技术。
S205、基站向终端发送切换指令。
具体的，基站完成信道的建立以及得到目标小区后，向终端发送切换指令，切换指令中携带目标小区的信息。基站向终端发送切换指令的时间点至少比切换时间点提前信号从基站传输到终端所需的时长。从而确保在切换时间点之前，切换指令能够到达终端。
S206、终端在切换时间点，将与基站之间的通信切换至目标小区。
S207、基站在切换时间点，将与终端之间的通信切换至目标小区。
本实施例的S206和S207，终端与基站在切换时间点，同时将两者之间的通信切换至目标小区，通过目标小区进行信息的传输。
本申请实施提供的切换方法，终端向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，使基站有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，同时，基站向终端发送切换指令的时间点至少比切换时间点提前信号从基站传输到终端所需的时长，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆盖的小区后，终端能够及时的利用目标卫星与基站进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，从而确保终端通信不中断。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的方法，目标小区也可以是由终端计算得到并将目标小区的信息发送至基站，使基站在切换时间点，将与终端之间的通信切换至目标小区。其中，终端计算得到目标小区的方式与基站计算得到目标小区的方式一致。采用终端计算得到目标小区，并将目标小区的信息发送至基站，无需基站计算目标小区，从而可以减少基站的计算负荷。
考虑到终端可能处于快速移动的状态，终端在向基站发送切换时间点之后，且未执行切换之前，终端的位置信息发生较大变化，导致下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星很有可能不是目标卫星，针对这样的情况，图3为本申请实施提供的又一种切换的方法，可以包括以下步骤。
S301、终端在检测到第二位置信息与位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对切换时间点进行更新，得到更新后的目标切换时间点。
第二位置信息为终端的位置更新后的位置信息，终端在向基站发送切换时间点后，检测到第二位置信息与位置信息的差值大于阈值，则对切换时间点进行更新，得到更新后的目标切换时间点，更新后的目标切换时间点依据第二位置信息和第一卫星的星历信息得到，具体的计算得到更新后的目标切换时间点的过程与上述实施例中终端计算得到切换时间点的过程一致。
S302、终端将更新后的目标切换时间点发送至基站。
需要说明的是，发送更新后的目标切换时间点的时间点，比更新后的目标切换时间点至少提前第一时长，第一时长为前述实施所述的基站通过广播或单独信令的方式发送至终端的第一时长，第一时长是基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长。
S303、基站依据更新后的目标切换时间点，确定第三卫星。
基站接收到终端发送的更新后的目标切换时间点后，根据星历信息以及更新后的目标切换时间点，确定第三卫星，具体的确定第三卫星的过程参考现有技术。其中，第三卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。
S304、基站判断第三卫星是否为目标卫星。如果是，执行S305～S306，如果不是，执行S307～S308。
因为基站在接收终端发送的更新后的目标切换时间点之前，已经接收终端发送的切换时间点，并且根据接收切换时间点计算得到目标卫星，目标卫星为基站根据终端第一次发送的切换时间点，计算得到的下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。若第三卫星是目标卫星，则执行S305～S306，如果第三卫星不是目标卫星，说明下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星不是目标卫星，则执行S307～S308。
S305、基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，计算得到目标小区，并向终端发送切换指令。其中，切换指令中携带目标小区的信息。需要说明的是，本实例中，基站在接收到更新后的目标切换时间点后，为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源。
S306、终端与基站在更新后的目标切换时间点，同时将两者之间的通信切换至目标小区。需要说明的是，虽然下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星依然是目标卫星，但是切换的时间点已经改变，所以终端与基站需在更新后的目标切换时间点，执行切换，确保准确的切换至目标小区。
S307、基站为终端与第三卫星之间建立信道资源，计算得到第一目标小区，并向终端发送切换指令。其中，切换指令中携带第一目标小区的信息。需要说明的是，第一目标小区为第三卫星覆盖的小区，在第三卫星与目标卫星不是同一个卫星的情况下，第一目标小区与目标卫星的目标小区不是同一小区。本步骤的实现方式与上述实施例图2中的S205的实现方式一致，此处不再赘述。
S308、终端与基站在更新后的目标切换时间点，同时将两者之间的通信切换至第一目标小区。
本实施例提供的方法，终端在检测到位置发生较大的改变后，向基站发送更新后的目标切换时间点，使基站在确定下一个覆盖终端所在的位置的卫星发生改变后，及时为终端与下一个覆盖终端的卫星建立信道资源，使终端在快速移动的场景下，也可以保持信号不中断。
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种切换装置400的结构示意图，应用于终端，包括：
获取单元401，用于获取终端的位置信息、星历信息以及第一时长，第一时长是基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长；原卫星为当前覆盖终端所在位置的卫星；目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。
计算单元402，用于依据位置信息和星历信息，计算得到切换时间点。
发送单元403，用于向基站发送切换时间点，其中，发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长。
切换单元404，用于在切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换。
可选的，计算单元402，还用于，计算得到目标小区，并将目标小区的信息发送至基站，目标小区为目标卫星覆盖所述终端所在位置的小区，以使基站在所述切换时间点，将与终端之间的通信切换至目标小区，或，接收基站发送的目标小区。
可选的，切换单元404，还用于，在切换时间点，依据已接收的基站发送的切换指令，将与基站之间的通信切换至目标小区，切换指令包括目 标小区的信息。
可选的，计算单元402，还用于，在检测到第二位置信息与位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对切换时间点进行更新，得到更新后的目标切换时间点，第二位置信息为所述终端的位置更新后的位置信息。并触发发送单元403将更新后的目标切换时间点发送至基站，以及触发切换单元404在更新后的目标切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换，其中，发送目标切换时间点的时间点，比目标切换时间点至少提前第一时长。
可选的，获取单元401，用于获取历信息以及第一时长的具体实现过程为
接收基站的第一广播消息，第一广播消息中携带星历信息，或，依据发送获取所述星历信息的指令，得到星历信息，接收基站的第二广播消息，第二广播消息中携带所述第一时长。
本申请实施提供的终端，向基站发送切换时间点的时间点，比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，因为第一时长为基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，所以基站在接收到终端发送的切换时间点后，有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆盖的小区后，终端能够利用目标卫星进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，从而确保终端通信不中断。
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种切换装置500的结构示意图，应用于 基站，包括：
接收单元501，用于接收终端发送的切换时间点，切换时间点由终端依据终端的位置信息和第一卫星的星历信息确定，第一卫星为当前覆盖终端所在位置的卫星。
建立单元502，用于为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的低轨卫星。
切换单元503，用于在切换时间点，执行切换流程。
可选的，还包括，计算单元504，用于计算得到目标小区，并向终端发送切换指令，切换指令包括目标小区的信息，以使终端的在切换时间点，将与基站之间的通信切换至目标小区。
可选的，接收单元501，还用于接收终端发送的目标小区，并触发切换单元503在切换时间点，将与终端之间的通信切换至目标小区。
可选的，接收单元501，还用于，接收终端发送的更新后的目标切换时间点，更新后的目标切换时间点为终端在检测到第二位置信息与终端的原位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对切换时间点进行更新后得到的；第二位置信息为终端的位置更新后的位置信息；触发建立单元503根据更新后的目标切换时间点为所述终端建立信道资源；并触发切换单元，在更新后的目标切换时间点，执行所述切换流程。
可选的，还包括，发送单元505，用于向终端发送第一广播消息以及第二广播信息，第一广播消息中携带星历信息，第二广播消息中携带第一时长，第一时长是基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长。
本申请实施提供的基站，接收终端发送切换时间点，终端发送切换时 间点的时间点的比切换时间点至少提前第一时长，因为第一时长为基站为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长，目标卫星为下一个覆盖终端所在位置的卫星，所以基站在接收到终端发送的切换时间点后，有足够的时间为终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，确保了终端移动到目标卫星覆盖的小区后，终端能够利用目标卫星进行通信，从而保持通信不中断，同时，在切换时间点，终端和基站同时执行切换，无需从一端通知另一端，避免了信令传输的时延，以及大量的信令交互，从而确保终端通信不中断。
本申请还提供了一种终端600，其结构示意图如图6所示，包括：存储器601和处理器602，存储器601用于存储程序，处理器602用于运行程序，以实现上述的切换方法。
本申请还提供一种基站700，其结构示意图如图7所示，包括：存储器701和处理器702，存储器701用于存储程序，处理器702用于运行程序，以实现上述的切换方法。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同或相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本申请。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本申请的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本申请将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的 范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种切换方法，其特征在于，包括：终端获取所述终端的位置信息、星历信息以及第一时长，所述第一时长是基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长；原卫星为当前覆盖所述终端所在位置的卫星；目标卫星为下一个覆盖所述终端所在位置的卫星；所述终端依据所述位置信息和所述星历信息，计算得到切换时间点；所述终端向所述基站发送所述切换时间点，其中，发送所述切换时间点的时间点，比所述切换时间点至少提前所述第一时长；所述终端在所述切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端在所述切换时间点，执行切换之前，还包括：计算得到目标小区，并将所述目标小区的信息发送至所述基站，所述目标小区为所述目标卫星覆盖所述终端所在位置的小区，以使所述基站在所述切换时间点，将与所述终端之间的通信切换至所述目标小区；或，接收所述基站发送的所述目标小区；所述在所述切换时间点，执行由原卫星向目标卫星的切换，包括：在所述切换时间点，依据已接收的所述基站发送的切换指令，将与所述基站之间的通信切换至所述目标小区，所述切换指令包括所述目标小区的信息。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：在检测到第二位置信息与所述位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对所述切 换时间点进行更新，得到更新后的目标切换时间点；所述第二位置信息为所述终端的位置更新后的位置信息；将所述更新后的目标切换时间点发送至所述基站，并在所述更新后的目标切换时间点，执行切换，其中，发送所述更新后的目标切换时间点的时间点，比所述更新后的目标切换时间点至少提前所述第一时长。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述终端获取所述星历信息以及第一时长，包括：所述终端接收所述基站的第一广播消息，所述第一广播消息中携带所述星历信息，或，所述终端依据发送获取所述星历信息的指令，得到所述星历信息；所述终端接收所述基站的第二广播消息，所述第二广播消息中携带所述第一时长。
- 一种切换方法，其特征在于，包括：基站接收终端发送的切换时间点，所述切换时间点由所述终端依据所述终端的位置信息和星历信息确定；所述基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源，所述目标卫星为下一个覆盖所述终端所在位置的低轨卫星；在所述切换时间点，执行切换流程。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述基站在所述切换时间点，执行切换流程之前，还包括：计算得到目标小区，并向所述终端发送切换指令，所述切换指令包括所述目标小区的信息，以使所述终端在所述切换时间点，将与所述基站之 间的通信切换至所述目标小区；或，接收所述终端发送的目标小区；所述在所述切换时间点，执行切换，包括：在所述切换时间点，将与所述终端之间的通信切换至所述目标小区。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：接收所述终端发送的更新后的目标切换时间点，所述更新后的目标切换时间点为所述终端在检测到第二位置信息与终端的原所述位置信息的差值大于阈值后，对所述切换时间点进行更新后得到的；所述第二位置信息为所述终端的位置更新后的位置信息；根据所述更新后的目标切换时间点为所述终端建立信道资源；在所述更新后的目标切换时间点，执行所述切换流程。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，基站接收终端发送的切换时间点之前，还包括：所述基站向所述终端发送第一广播消息，所述第一广播消息中携带所述星历信息；所述基站向所述终端发送第二广播消息，所述第二广播消息中携带第一时长，所述第一时长是基站为所述终端与目标卫星之间建立信道资源所需的时长。
- 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于运行所述程序，以实现权利要求1-4任一项所述的切换方法。
- 一种基站，其特征在于，包括：存储器和处理器，所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于运行所述程序，以实现权利要求5-8任一项所述的切换方法。
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