WO2021196333A1 - Electromagnetic wave field data processing method and device, and medium - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave field data processing method and device, and medium Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/885—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for ground probing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
Abstract
An electromagnetic wave field data processing method and device, and a medium. The method comprises: determining, according to actual electromagnetic wave field data, loss-free electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data (S101); performing first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the loss-free electromagnetic wave field data (S102); extracting waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the loss-free electromagnetic wave field data (S103); in the waveform information of the electromagnetic waves in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic waves in the loss-free electromagnetic wave field data, determining a first feature value sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data and a second feature value sequence corresponding to the loss-free electromagnetic wave field data, respectively, the first feature value sequence and the second feature value sequence satisfying preset conditions, and determining a time sequence corresponding to the first feature value sequence and the second feature value sequence (S104); and determining an attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to a first preset mode, and performing second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient (S105).
Description
本申请涉及地球物理勘探领域，尤其涉及一种电磁波场数据处理方法、装置以及介质。This application relates to the field of geophysical prospecting, and in particular to an electromagnetic wave field data processing method, device and medium.
探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar，GPR)是利用天线发射和接收高频电磁波来探测介质内部物质特性和分布规律的一种地球物理方法。它是近几十年发展起来的一种探测地下目标的有效手段，具有探测速度快、探测过程连续、分辨率高、操作方便灵活、探测费用低等优点，主要被用于考古、矿产勘查、灾害地质调查、岩土工程勘察、工程质量检测、建筑结构检测以及军事目标探测等众多领域。Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical method that uses antennas to transmit and receive high-frequency electromagnetic waves to detect the characteristics and distribution of materials inside the medium. It is an effective method for detecting underground targets developed in recent decades. It has the advantages of fast detection speed, continuous detection process, high resolution, convenient and flexible operation, and low detection cost. It is mainly used for archaeology, mineral exploration, Hazardous geological surveys, geotechnical engineering surveys, engineering quality inspections, building structure inspections, and military target detection and many other fields.
探地雷达波是在导电介质中传播的，因此其波场会受到衰减。导电率高的介质比导电率低的介质衰减更大。例如，埋在潮湿的土壤中的地下管道散射的探地雷达波比埋在干燥的土壤中的同样管道散射的探地雷达波弱得多。The ground penetrating radar wave propagates in a conductive medium, so its wave field will be attenuated. A medium with a high conductivity has a greater attenuation than a medium with a low conductivity. For example, the ground penetrating radar wave scattered by an underground pipe buried in moist soil is much weaker than the ground penetrating radar wave scattered by the same pipe buried in dry soil.
现有技术中，处理电磁波场数据往往忽略波场受到的衰减，从而导致探地雷达探测电磁波场数据的结果不准确。In the prior art, processing electromagnetic wave field data often ignores the attenuation of the wave field, which leads to inaccurate results of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电磁波场数据处理方法、装置以及介质，用于提高现有技术中探地雷达探测电磁波场数据的准确性。In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide an electromagnetic wave field data processing method, device, and medium, which are used to improve the accuracy of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar in the prior art.
本申请实施例采用下述技术方案：The embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:
本申请实施例提供一种电磁波场数据处理方法，所述方法包括：An embodiment of the present application provides an electromagnetic wave field data processing method, the method includes:
根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损 电磁波场数据；Determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；Perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is compensation for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused;
提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；Extracting the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；In the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, the first eigenvalue sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions and the data are determined respectively. The second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining the time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;
根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform a second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second amplitude compensation is compensated by the attenuation coefficient The amplitude error caused by the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
进一步的，所述根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，具体包括：Further, the determining the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data specifically includes:
对获取的所述实际电磁波场数据进行数据处理，其中，所述数据处理包括滤波、反褶积、零点时间校正中的一种或多种；Perform data processing on the acquired actual electromagnetic wave field data, where the data processing includes one or more of filtering, deconvolution, and zero time correction;
对处理后的所述实际电磁波场数据进行速度分析，得出速度模型；Perform velocity analysis on the processed actual electromagnetic wave field data to obtain a velocity model;
根据所述速度模型确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据。The lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data is determined according to the velocity model.
进一步的，所述预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅绝对值最大值序列；所述预设条件的所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的第二特征 值序列为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅幅绝对值最大值序列。Further, the first characteristic value sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data of the preset condition is the sequence of the maximum amplitude of the multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data, or is the actual electromagnetic wave field The sequence of the maximum absolute value of the amplitude in the multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the data; the second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data of the preset condition is the sequence of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data A sequence of maximum amplitudes in multiple cycles, or a sequence of maximum absolute values of amplitudes in multiple cycles of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
进一步的，根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，具体包括：Further, determining the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner specifically includes:
将所述第一特征值序列、所述第二特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式
确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数；
Input the first eigenvalue sequence, the second eigenvalue sequence, and the time sequence into the formula Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
其中，χ(x,t)为实际电磁波场数据，G(x,t)为所述无耗损电磁波场数据，β为衰减系数，t为时间，x为场源至接收点的距离，b为常量。Where χ(x,t) is the actual electromagnetic wave field data, G(x,t) is the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, β is the attenuation coefficient, t is the time, x is the distance from the field source to the receiving point, and b is the constant.
进一步的，所述将所述实际电磁波场数据的特征值序列、所述无耗损电磁波场数据的特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式
后，所述方法还包括：
Further, the input of the characteristic value sequence of the actual electromagnetic wave field data, the characteristic value sequence of the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence into the formula Later, the method further includes:
应用第二预设方式对
与时间t进行数据拟合，以将
拟合成连续的线性函数，并根据线性函数的斜率确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数。
Apply the second preset method to Fit the data with time t to fit Fit a continuous linear function, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the slope of the linear function.
进一步的，所述第二预设方式为最小二乘法。Further, the second preset method is a least square method.
进一步的，所述根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数之前，所述方法还包括：Further, before the determining the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, the method further includes:
通过正演模型模拟出测试波场，并根据所述第一预设方式确定出测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数；Simulate the test wave field through the forward model, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset method;
将所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数与测试电磁波场数据衰减系数的理论值进行对比，以确定出所述第一预设方式得出的所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数是否正确。The attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data is compared with the theoretical value of the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data to determine whether the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data obtained by the first preset method is correct.
进一步的，所述电磁波的波形信息类型包括反射波或直达波。Further, the waveform information type of the electromagnetic wave includes reflected wave or direct wave.
本申请实施例还提供一种电磁波场数据处理装置，所述装置包括：An embodiment of the present application also provides an electromagnetic wave field data processing device, the device including:
第一确定单元，用于根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；The first determining unit is configured to determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
第一补偿单元，用于对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；The first compensation unit is configured to perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is to compensate for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. Describe the amplitude error caused by lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
提取单元，用于提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；An extraction unit for extracting waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
第二确定单元，用于在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；The second determining unit is configured to determine the corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions in the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. A first characteristic value sequence and a second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining a time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;
第二补偿单元，用于根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。The second compensation unit is configured to determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second The amplitude compensation is to compensate the amplitude error caused by the attenuation coefficient to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令可被处理器执行以实现下述方法：The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable medium on which computer-readable instructions are stored, and the computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor to implement the following methods:
根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；Determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；Perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is compensation for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused;
提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁 波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；Extracting the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；In the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, the first eigenvalue sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions and the data are determined respectively. The second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining the time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;
根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform a second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second amplitude compensation is compensated by the attenuation coefficient The amplitude error caused by the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
本申请实施例采用的上述至少一个技术方案能够达到以下有益效果：本申请实施例通过提取实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息，并确定出符合预设条件的特征值序列与特征值序列对应的时间序列后，根据第一预设方法确定出实际波场的衰减系数，对实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，消除衰减系数对实际电磁波场数据的衰减，进而提高探地雷达探测电磁波场数据结果的准确性。The above-mentioned at least one technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the application can achieve the following beneficial effects: the embodiment of the application extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determines that it conforms to the preset After the eigenvalue sequence of the condition and the time sequence corresponding to the eigenvalue sequence, the attenuation coefficient of the actual wave field is determined according to the first preset method, and the second amplitude compensation is performed on the actual electromagnetic wave field data to eliminate the effect of the attenuation coefficient on the actual electromagnetic wave field data. Attenuation, thereby improving the accuracy of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar.
图1为本说明书实施例一提供的一种电磁波场数据处理方法的流程示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an electromagnetic wave field data processing method provided in Embodiment 1 of this specification;
图2为本说明书实施例二提供的一种电磁波场数据处理方法的流程示意图；2 is a schematic flowchart of an electromagnetic wave field data processing method provided in Embodiment 2 of this specification;
图3为本说明书实施例二提供的正演模型结果图；Figure 3 is a result diagram of the forward model provided in the second embodiment of this specification;
图4为本说明书实施例三提供的一种电磁波场数据处理装置的结构示意图。4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic wave field data processing device provided in Embodiment 3 of this specification.
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具 体实施例及相应的附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present application and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of this application.
以下结合附图，详细说明本申请各实施例提供的技术方案。The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为本说明书实施例一提供的一种电磁波场数据处理方法的流程示意图，本说明书实施例可以由电磁波场数据处理系统执行，具体包括：Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an electromagnetic wave field data processing method provided in Embodiment 1 of this specification. The embodiment of this specification may be executed by an electromagnetic wave field data processing system, which specifically includes:
步骤S101，电磁波场数据处理系统根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据。Step S101: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system determines the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
步骤S102，电磁波场数据处理系统对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Step S102: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system performs first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is to compensate for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused by the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
步骤S103，电磁波场数据处理系统提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息。Step S103: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
步骤S104，电磁波场数据处理系统在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列。Step S104, the electromagnetic wave field data processing system determines the corresponding actual electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the preset conditions in the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The first characteristic value sequence of and the second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence is determined.
步骤S105，电磁波场数据处理系统根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Step S105: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system determines the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset method, and performs second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the first The second amplitude compensation is to compensate the amplitude error caused by the attenuation coefficient to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
本申请实施例通过提取实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息，并确定出符合预设条件的特征值 序列与特征值序列对应的时间序列后，根据第一预设方法确定出实际波场的衰减系数，对实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，消除衰减系数对实际电磁波场数据的衰减，进而提高探地雷达探测电磁波场数据结果的准确性。The embodiment of the application extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determines the eigenvalue sequence that meets the preset conditions and the time sequence corresponding to the eigenvalue sequence, according to the first A preset method determines the attenuation coefficient of the actual wave field, performs second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data, eliminates the attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data by the attenuation coefficient, and improves the accuracy of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar.
与实施例一相对应的，图2为本说明书实施例二提供的一种电磁波场数据处理方法的流程示意图，本说明书实施例可以由电磁波场数据处理系统执行，其中，电磁波场数据处理系统用于处理由探地雷达所获取的电磁波场数据，具体包括：Corresponding to Embodiment 1, FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of an electromagnetic wave field data processing method provided in Embodiment 2 of this specification. The embodiment of this specification can be executed by an electromagnetic wave field data processing system, where the electromagnetic wave field data processing system uses To process the electromagnetic wave field data obtained by the ground penetrating radar, including:
步骤S201，电磁波场数据处理系统根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据。Step S201: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system determines the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
在本说明书实施例的步骤S201中，该实际电磁波场数据是探地雷达实际探测的电磁波场数据，无耗损电磁波场数据是探地雷达在理想情况下即衰减系数为零时探测的电磁波场数据。电磁波场数据即为探地雷达数据(GPR数据)，电磁波场数据为振幅强度信息。探地雷达的发射天线向地下发射高频电磁波，通过接收天线接收反射回地面的电磁波，电磁波在地下介质中传播时遇到存在电性差异的界面时发生反射，根据接收到振幅强度信息推断地下介质的空间位置、结构、形态和埋藏深度。In step S201 of the embodiment of this specification, the actual electromagnetic wave field data is the electromagnetic wave field data actually detected by the ground penetrating radar, and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data is the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar under ideal conditions, that is, when the attenuation coefficient is zero. . The electromagnetic wave field data is the ground penetrating radar data (GPR data), and the electromagnetic wave field data is the amplitude intensity information. The transmitting antenna of the ground penetrating radar transmits high-frequency electromagnetic waves to the underground, and the electromagnetic waves reflected back to the ground are received through the receiving antenna. When the electromagnetic waves propagate in the underground medium, they will be reflected when they encounter an interface with electrical differences. The underground is inferred based on the received amplitude intensity information. The spatial location, structure, shape and buried depth of the medium.
根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，具体包括：According to the actual electromagnetic wave field data, the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data is determined, which specifically includes:
对获取的所述实际电磁波场数据进行数据处理，其中，所述数据处理包括滤波、反褶积、零点时间校正中的一种或多种；Perform data processing on the acquired actual electromagnetic wave field data, where the data processing includes one or more of filtering, deconvolution, and zero time correction;
对处理后的所述实际电磁波场数据进行速度分析，得出速度模型，其中，速度分析就是在CMP(共中心点道集)的基础上，利用不同的速度值做速度扫描后得到速度谱，通过速度谱得到速度模型，速度模型就是电磁波在介质中速度的分布情况；Perform velocity analysis on the processed actual electromagnetic wave field data to obtain a velocity model. The velocity analysis is based on the CMP (Common Center Point Gathering), using different velocity values to do velocity scanning to obtain the velocity spectrum. Obtain the velocity model from the velocity spectrum, which is the distribution of electromagnetic wave velocity in the medium;
将所述速度模型输入至公式
确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，其中，G(x,t)为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，t为时间序列，V为电磁波在介质中的速度，x为场源(即波场激发源)至接收点(即波场接收端)的距离。
Enter the velocity model into the formula Determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data, where G(x, t) is the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data, t is the time series, and V is the electromagnetic wave in the medium , And x is the distance from the field source (ie, wavefield excitation source) to the receiving point (ie, wavefield receiving end).
需要说明的是，实际电磁波场数据为当前测量的电磁波场数据，无损耗电磁波场数据为通过公式
计算出的电磁波场数据。无耗损电磁波场数据存在几何衰减，但不存在由衰减系数带来的衰减，也可以理解为衰减系数为0。此处的无耗损电磁波场数据仅仅是通过公式
计算出的值，公式中的V只是近似值，所以得出的G(x,t)并不准确，还需要借助无耗损电磁波场数据确定出衰减系数，进而得出准确的实际电磁波场数据，其中，G(x,t)为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，t为时间，V为电磁波在介质中的速度，x为场源至接收点的距离。
It should be noted that the actual electromagnetic wave field data is the current measured electromagnetic wave field data, and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data is through the formula Calculated electromagnetic wave field data. The lossless electromagnetic wave field data has geometric attenuation, but there is no attenuation caused by the attenuation coefficient, which can also be understood as the attenuation coefficient is 0. The lossless electromagnetic wave field data here is only through the formula The calculated value, V in the formula is only an approximate value, so the obtained G(x,t) is not accurate, and the attenuation coefficient needs to be determined with the help of lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and then accurate actual electromagnetic wave field data can be obtained. , G(x,t) is the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data, t is the time, V is the velocity of the electromagnetic wave in the medium, and x is the distance from the field source to the receiving point.
步骤S202，电磁波场数据处理系统对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Step S202: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system performs first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, where the first amplitude compensation is to compensate for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused by the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
几何衰减可以理解为由几何扩散导致的衰减，比如，在G(x,t)中，x(场源至接收点的距离)即为几何扩散导致的衰减。因为不管是实际波场还是无耗损波场，场源与接收点之间皆会存在距离，并且，无耗损波场只是在衰减系数上与实际波场不同，其他参数相同，所以，在实际电磁波场数据与无耗损电磁波场数据中，皆存在几何衰减。本申请实施例使用叠加速度等效方法为波场速度进行振幅补偿。其中，场源为产生电磁波的发射 源。Geometric attenuation can be understood as the attenuation caused by geometric diffusion. For example, in G(x,t), x (the distance from the field source to the receiving point) is the attenuation caused by geometric diffusion. Because whether it is an actual wave field or a lossless wave field, there will be a distance between the field source and the receiving point, and the lossless wave field is only different from the actual wave field in attenuation coefficient, and other parameters are the same. Therefore, in the actual electromagnetic wave There is geometric attenuation in both field data and lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The embodiment of the present application uses the superimposed velocity equivalent method to perform amplitude compensation for the wave field velocity. Among them, the field source is an emission source that generates electromagnetic waves.
步骤S203，电磁波场数据处理系统提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息。Step S203: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
在本说明书实施例的步骤S203中，实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息是实际电磁波场的电场强度信息；无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息为无损耗电磁波场的电场强度。其中，实际波场中电磁波的波形图与无损耗波场中电磁波的波形图是经过步骤S202处理后的波形图。In step S203 of the embodiment of this specification, the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data is the electric field intensity information of the actual electromagnetic wave field; the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data is the electric field intensity of the lossless electromagnetic wave field. Among them, the waveform diagram of the electromagnetic wave in the actual wave field and the waveform diagram of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless wave field are the waveform diagrams processed in step S202.
步骤S204，电磁波场数据处理系统在所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的特征波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并分别确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列。Step S204: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system respectively determines the actual electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the preset conditions in the characteristic waveform information corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the characteristic waveform information corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The first characteristic value sequence of and the second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time series corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence are respectively determined.
在本说明书实施例的步骤S204中，所述预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅绝对值最大值序列；所述预设条件的所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅幅绝对值最大值序列，时间序列为特征序列对应的时间取值。由于实际电磁波场数据与无耗损电磁波场数据只有电导率不同，进而导致电场强度上存在差别，两者的时间序列也是相同的。In step S204 of the embodiment of the present specification, the first characteristic value sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data of the preset condition is a sequence of maximum amplitudes in multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data. Or it is a sequence of the maximum absolute value of the amplitude in multiple cycles of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data; the second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data of the preset condition is the lossless electromagnetic wave The sequence of the maximum amplitudes in the multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the field data, or the sequence of the maximum absolute values of the amplitudes in the multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence is the time corresponding to the characteristic sequence Value. Since the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data differ only in electrical conductivity, which results in a difference in electric field strength, the time series of the two are also the same.
步骤S205，电磁波场数据处理系统根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的误差以消除所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减。Step S205: The electromagnetic wave field data processing system determines the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and performs second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the first The second amplitude compensation is to compensate the error caused by the attenuation coefficient to the actual electromagnetic wave field data so as to eliminate the attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data by the attenuation coefficient.
根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，具体包括：The determination of the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner specifically includes:
根据公式χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)，得出公式
其中，χ(x,t)为实际电磁波场数据，G(x,t)为所述无耗损电磁波场数据，β为衰减系数，t为时间，x为场源至接收点的距离，b为常量；
According to the formula χ(x,t)=e -βt G(x,t), the formula Where χ(x,t) is the actual electromagnetic wave field data, G(x,t) is the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, β is the attenuation coefficient, t is the time, x is the distance from the field source to the receiving point, and b is the constant;
电磁波场数据处理系统将第一特征值序列、第二特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式
确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数β，第一特征序列输入至χ(x,t)，第二特征值序列输入至G(x,t)。
The electromagnetic wave field data processing system inputs the first eigenvalue sequence, the second eigenvalue sequence, and the time sequence into the formula The attenuation coefficient β of the actual electromagnetic wave field data is determined, the first characteristic sequence is input to χ(x, t), and the second characteristic value sequence is input to G(x, t).
将所述实际电磁波场数据的特征值序列、所述无耗损电磁波场数据的特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式
后，所述方法还包括：
Input the characteristic value sequence of the actual electromagnetic wave field data, the characteristic value sequence of the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence into the formula Later, the method further includes:
应用第二预设方式对
与时间t进行数据拟合，以将
拟合成连续的线性函数，并根据线性函数的斜率确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数。其中，实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数可以为线性函数斜率的相反数。
Apply the second preset method to Fit the data with time t to fit Fit a continuous linear function, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the slope of the linear function. Among them, the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data can be the inverse of the slope of the linear function.
其中，G(x,t)满足纯波动方程
V为电磁波在介质中的速度。
Among them, G(x,t) satisfies the pure wave equation V is the velocity of electromagnetic waves in the medium.
首先证明方程χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)的正确性，其中e
-βt为衰减项，衰减系数
σ为电导率，ε为介电常数。
First, prove the correctness of the equation χ(x,t)=e- βt G(x, t), where e- βt is the attenuation term, and the attenuation coefficient σ is electrical conductivity and ε is dielectric constant.
公式推导证明如下：The formula derivation is proved as follows:
下面证明方程χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)为带衰减项的电磁波波动方程的解， 带衰减项的电磁波波动方程为：
其中，K
R＝με,
ω为频率，μ为磁导率，ε为介电常数，σ为电导率。
The following prove that the equation χ(x,t)=e- βt G(x,t) is the solution of the electromagnetic wave wave equation with attenuation term, and the electromagnetic wave wave equation with attenuation term is: Among them, K R =με, ω is the frequency, μ is the magnetic permeability, ε is the dielectric constant, and σ is the electrical conductivity.
根据我们设定的公式χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)，将其带入方程
与
中可得：
According to the formula we set χ(x,t)=e -βt G(x,t), bring it into the equation and Available in:
进一步得到：Further get:
将
带入上式可知：
则
will Bringing into the above formula shows: but
设
Assume
得出
inferred
由
可得
Depend on Available
进一步，可得
即
Further, available which is
需要说明的是，上述的G为G(x,t)，χ为χ(x,t)。It should be noted that the aforementioned G is G(x,t), and χ is χ(x,t).
由上述表述可知，电磁波场数据可以分解成两个部分：指数衰减项(衰减系数项)和场源相关项(几何衰减项)。由方程χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)可得，在i点处的电磁波场数据可以写为：
It can be seen from the above expression that electromagnetic wave field data can be decomposed into two parts: exponential attenuation term (attenuation coefficient term) and field source related term (geometric attenuation term). From the equation χ(x,t)=e -βt G(x,t), the electromagnetic wave field data at point i can be written as:
其中，t
i是某个信号波形的到达时间，χ
i(如为反射波)为第i点处实际波场，Δt是到达时间和振幅峰值(振幅最大值)时间之间的时间差。因为电磁波场数据衰减同样包含了几何扩散导致的衰减，首先必须对χ
i和G进行第一振幅补偿来消除几何扩散衰减的影响。
Among them, t i is the arrival time of a certain signal waveform, χ i (such as a reflected wave) is the actual wave field at the i-th point, and Δt is the time difference between the arrival time and the amplitude peak (amplitude maximum) time. Because electromagnetic wave field data attenuation also includes attenuation caused by geometric diffusion, first amplitude compensation must be performed on χ i and G to eliminate the influence of geometric diffusion attenuation.
在经过上述几何扩散衰减校正后，x＝0处即场源处的χ
i(x,Δt)和G(x,Δt)振幅强度应该等于χ
i(0,Δt)和G(0,Δt)。因此，方程可重写为：
如果令t
i+Δt＝m,χ
i(0,t
i+Δt)＝y(m)，则lny(m)＝lnG(0,m)-β(m)＝-βm+b。
After the above geometric diffusion attenuation correction, the amplitude intensity of χ i (x,Δt) and G(x,Δt) at the field source at x=0 should be equal to χ i (0,Δt) and G(0,Δt) . Therefore, the equation can be rewritten as: If let t i +Δt=m, χ i (0,t i +Δt)=y(m), then lny(m)=lnG(0,m)-β(m)=-βm+b.
依据上述算法，执行将所述实际电磁波场数据的特征值序列、所述无耗损电磁波场数据的特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式
的步骤后，所述方法还包括：
According to the above algorithm, it is executed to input the characteristic value sequence of the actual electromagnetic wave field data, the characteristic value sequence of the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence into the formula After the steps, the method further includes:
应用第二预设方式，对
与时间序列t进行数据拟合，以将
拟合成连续的线性函数，根据线性函数的斜率确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数。
Apply the second preset method, right Fit the data with the time series t in order to Fit a continuous linear function, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the slope of the linear function.
第二预设方式可以为最小二乘法，通过最小二乘法将与时间序列相关的函数
与时间t，通过最小化误差的平方和确定出最佳函数，从而拟合成连续的线性函数。本申请实施例利用最小二乘法简便地求得未知时间序列数据，并使得这些求得的数据与实际数据之间误差的平方和为最小，进而实现了将
拟合成了连续的线性函数。
The second preset method can be the least square method, through which the function related to the time series With time t, the optimal function is determined by minimizing the sum of squares of the error, thereby fitting a continuous linear function. The embodiment of this application uses the least square method to easily obtain unknown time series data, and minimizes the sum of squares of the errors between the obtained data and the actual data, thereby realizing the Fitted into a continuous linear function.
需要说明的是，步骤S203中提取的电磁波的波形信息类型包括直达波或者反射波。本申请实施例通过相位识别、时距曲线计算等方法提取出反射波或直达波，进而求解出衰减系数。进一步的，根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数之前，所述方法还包括：It should be noted that the waveform information type of the electromagnetic wave extracted in step S203 includes a direct wave or a reflected wave. The embodiment of the present application extracts the reflected wave or the direct wave through methods such as phase recognition and time-distance curve calculation, and then solves the attenuation coefficient. Further, before determining the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, the method further includes:
通过正演模型模拟出测试波场，并根据所述第一预设方式确定出测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数；Simulate the test wave field through the forward model, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset method;
将所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数与测试电磁波场数据衰减系数的理论值进行对比，以验证出所述第一预设方式得出的所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数是否正确。The attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data is compared with the theoretical value of the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data to verify whether the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data obtained by the first preset method is correct.
需要说明的是，测试波场为验证本发明求解衰减系数方案而提出的，测试波场的电导率可以人为设定，进而验证出公式χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)是否正确，其中
It should be noted that the test wave field is proposed to verify the solution of the attenuation coefficient of the present invention. The conductivity of the test wave field can be artificially set, and the formula χ(x,t)=e -βt G(x,t) ) Is correct, where
本说明书实施例可以使用时域有限差分方法(FDTD，Finite Difference Time Domain)对测试波场进行正演计算。该模型长度可以为6m，高度可 以为2m，空间步长可以为0.02m，时间步长为0.047s，激发源即场源可以位于(0.4m,1.4m)处。激发源函数为雷克子波，其中心频率可以为150MHz。半径为0.15m的金属小球可以位于(2m,1m)处。In the embodiment of this specification, the finite difference time domain method (FDTD, Finite Difference Time Domain) may be used to perform forward calculation of the test wave field. The length of the model can be 6m, the height can be 2m, the space step can be 0.02m, and the time step can be 0.047s. The excitation source, that is, the field source, can be located at (0.4m, 1.4m). The excitation source function is the Lake wavelet, the center frequency of which can be 150MHz. A small metal ball with a radius of 0.15m can be located at (2m, 1m).
本申请实施例中，半径为0.15m的金属小球用于通过该金属小球处的反射波来估算其反射路径上的平均衰减系数。In the embodiment of the present application, a metal ball with a radius of 0.15 m is used to estimate the average attenuation coefficient on the reflection path of the metal ball through the reflected wave at the metal ball.
此外，本申请实施例将金属小球附近的电导率设置为0.001S/m，介电常数为10。并且，又将金属小球附件的电导率参数分别设置为0.002S/m和0.003S/m以进行多次实验计算，以对比衰减系数的计算值和理论值的关系。In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the electrical conductivity near the metal ball is set to 0.001 S/m, and the dielectric constant is 10. In addition, the conductivity parameters of the metal ball attachment were set to 0.002S/m and 0.003S/m to perform multiple experimental calculations to compare the relationship between the calculated value of the attenuation coefficient and the theoretical value.
提取出电导率σ＝0.001对应的目标反射波后，我们使用反射波的部分或全部数据进行计算。由于正演结果信噪比很高，我们可以使用反射波形中的振幅最大值作为每道波形的特征值，所有接收道的特征值序列记做χ
σ＝0.001，同时提取出该极值对应的接收时间序列t。
After extracting the target reflected wave corresponding to the conductivity σ=0.001, we use part or all of the reflected wave data for calculation. Since the signal-to-noise ratio of the forward modeling is very high, we can use the maximum amplitude in the reflected waveform as the characteristic value of each waveform. The characteristic value sequence of all received channels is recorded as χ σ = 0.001 , and the corresponding extreme value is extracted at the same time Receive time series t.
根据麦克斯韦方程方程，构造出无衰减情况的正演记录，提取出金属小球的反射波形，然后提取反射波形中的振幅峰值作为每道波形的特征值χ
σ＝0，同时提取出对应该峰值序列的时间序列t。
According to Maxwell’s equations, construct a forward record without attenuation, extract the reflection waveform of the metal ball, and then extract the peak amplitude of the reflection waveform as the characteristic value of each waveform χ σ=0 , and extract the corresponding peak value at the same time The time series t of the sequence.
由于不同的正演模型只有电导率不同，得到的正演结果只有波场强度上的差别，反射波的位置是相同的，两次提取的最大值对应的时间序列也是相同的。Since different forward models only differ in conductivity, the obtained forward results only differ in wave field strength. The positions of the reflected waves are the same, and the time series corresponding to the maximum values extracted twice are also the same.
提取出两种情况下的特征值以及对应的时间序列后，下面就可以构造拟合数据。根据方程χ(x,t)＝e
-βtG(x,t)，将两种特征值序列做比值
然后取对数ln(R)，得到的就是用于进行拟合的数据ln(R)，根据方程lny(m)＝lnG(0,m)-β(m)＝-βm+b，数据序列ln(R)和时间序列t可以构成线性函数。其中，G(x,t)即为σ＝0。
After extracting the eigenvalues and the corresponding time series in the two cases, the fitting data can be constructed below. According to the equation χ(x,t)=e -βt G(x,t), the two eigenvalue sequences are compared Then take the logarithm ln(R) to get the data ln(R) used for fitting, according to the equation lny(m)=lnG(0,m)-β(m)=-βm+b, the data sequence ln(R) and time series t can form a linear function. Among them, G(x,t) is σ=0.
可以使用最小二乘拟合方法来对数据序列ln(R)和时间序列t进行数据拟合，拟合结果为一条直线，该直线的斜率的绝对值即为衰减系数。The least squares fitting method can be used to fit the data sequence ln(R) and the time series t, and the fitting result is a straight line, and the absolute value of the slope of the straight line is the attenuation coefficient.
最小二乘法(又称最小平方法)是一种数学优化技术，它通过最小化误差的平方和寻找数据的最佳函数匹配。利用最小二乘法可以简便地求得未知的数据，并使得这些求得的数据与实际数据之间误差的平方和为最小。根据上述步骤计算σ＝0.002与σ＝0.003下的衰减系数。The least square method (also known as the least square method) is a mathematical optimization technique that seeks the best function match of the data by minimizing the square sum of the error. The least square method can be used to easily obtain unknown data, and minimize the sum of squares of errors between the obtained data and the actual data. Calculate the attenuation coefficient under σ=0.002 and σ=0.003 according to the above steps.
参见图3的正演模型结果图，计算了不同衰减系数下的结果，即将小球周围介质的电导率分别设置为0.001S/m,0.002S/m,0.003S/m，使用上述方法计算得到的拟合结果如下：Refer to the results of the forward model in Figure 3, and calculate the results under different attenuation coefficients, that is, set the conductivity of the medium around the ball to 0.001S/m, 0.002S/m, 0.003S/m, and use the above method to calculate The fitting results of is as follows:
图3中横轴为采样时间t，纵轴为特征值序列的比值的对数ln(R)。σ＝0.001时，使用最小二乘方法拟合出来的直线斜率为-0.00005456，理论值为-0.00005。σ＝0.002时，使用最小二乘方法拟合出来的直线斜率为-0.0001093，理论值为-0.00010。σ＝0.003时，使用最小二乘方法拟合出来的直线斜率为-0.0001643，理论值为-0.00015，具体参见表1。In Figure 3, the horizontal axis is the sampling time t, and the vertical axis is the logarithm ln(R) of the ratio of the eigenvalue sequence. When σ=0.001, the slope of the straight line fitted by the least square method is -0.00005456, and the theoretical value is -0.00005. When σ = 0.002, the slope of the line fitted by the least square method is -0.0001093, and the theoretical value is -0.00010. When σ = 0.003, the slope of the straight line fitted by the least square method is -0.0001643, and the theoretical value is -0.00015. Refer to Table 1 for details.
表1 衰减系数计算结果对比Table 1 Comparison of attenuation coefficient calculation results
从表1中可以看到，计算的衰减系数非常接近理论计算值，说明该方案得到的结果比较准确，本说明书实施例提出的计算衰减系数的方法计算量小，速度快，通过本说明书实施例的方案可以快速方便地计算出电磁波在地下介质传播时的衰减系数。It can be seen from Table 1 that the calculated attenuation coefficient is very close to the theoretical calculation value, indicating that the result obtained by this scheme is relatively accurate. The method for calculating the attenuation coefficient proposed in the embodiment of this specification has a small amount of calculation and is fast. The solution can quickly and easily calculate the attenuation coefficient of electromagnetic waves when they propagate in underground media.
一般情况下，现实电磁波场数据不仅仅和速度V有关，同样和β也有关系。但是在常规的处理中，通常会忽略β的影响。但是，在σ(电导率)足够大的情况下，衰减系数的影响是不可以被忽略的。这种情况下，首先 确定β。使用本申请实施例提出的计算β的方法可以用来补偿电场数据的强度衰减。之后使用校正后的数据来进行常规的速度分析，经过β的补偿校正后，其速度分析结果会更可靠，进而GPR偏移结果也更可靠。Under normal circumstances, the actual electromagnetic wave field data is not only related to the velocity V, but also related to β. However, in conventional processing, the effect of β is usually ignored. However, when σ (conductivity) is large enough, the influence of the attenuation coefficient cannot be ignored. In this case, first determine β. Using the method of calculating β proposed in the embodiment of this application can be used to compensate for the intensity attenuation of the electric field data. After that, the corrected data is used for regular speed analysis. After β compensation and correction, the speed analysis result will be more reliable, and the GPR offset result will be more reliable.
本申请实施例通过提取实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息，并确定出符合预设条件的特征值序列与特征值序列对应的时间序列后，根据第一预设方法确定出实际波场的衰减系数，对实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，消除衰减系数对实际电磁波场数据的衰减，进而提高探地雷达探测电磁波场数据结果的准确性。The embodiment of the application extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determines the eigenvalue sequence that meets the preset conditions and the time sequence corresponding to the eigenvalue sequence, according to the first A preset method determines the attenuation coefficient of the actual wave field, performs second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data, eliminates the attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data by the attenuation coefficient, and improves the accuracy of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar.
与实施例二相对应的，图4为本说明书实施例三提供的一种电磁波场数据处理装置的结构示意图，包括：第一确定单元1、第一补偿单元2、提取单元3、第二确定单元4以及第二补偿单元5。Corresponding to the second embodiment, FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic wave field data processing device provided in the third embodiment of this specification, including: a first determining unit 1, a first compensation unit 2, an extracting unit 3, and a second determining unit Unit 4 and second compensation unit 5.
第一确定单元1用于根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；The first determining unit 1 is configured to determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
第一补偿单元2用于对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；The first compensation unit 2 is configured to perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is to compensate for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. Describe the amplitude error caused by lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
提取单元3用于提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；The extracting unit 3 is configured to extract the waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
第二确定单元4用于在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；The second determining unit 4 is configured to determine the corresponding data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions in the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. A first characteristic value sequence and a second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining a time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;
第二补偿单元5用于根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅 补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。The second compensation unit 5 is configured to determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second The amplitude compensation is to compensate the amplitude error caused by the attenuation coefficient to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读介质，其上存储有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令可被处理器执行以实现下述方法：The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable medium on which computer-readable instructions are stored, and the computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor to implement the following methods:
根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；Determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;
对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；Perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is compensation for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused;
提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；Extracting the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;
在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；In the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, the first eigenvalue sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions and the data are determined respectively. The second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining the time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;
根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform a second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second amplitude compensation is compensated by the attenuation coefficient The amplitude error caused by the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
本申请实施例通过提取实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息，并确定出符合预设条件的特征值序列与特征值序列对应的时间序列后，根据第一预设方法确定出实际波场的衰减系数，对实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，消除衰减系数对实际电磁波场数据的衰减，进而提高探地雷达探测电磁波场数据结果的准确性。The embodiment of the application extracts the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determines the eigenvalue sequence that meets the preset conditions and the time sequence corresponding to the eigenvalue sequence, according to the first A preset method determines the attenuation coefficient of the actual wave field, performs second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data, eliminates the attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data by the attenuation coefficient, and improves the accuracy of the electromagnetic wave field data detected by the ground penetrating radar.
Claims (10)
- 一种电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：An electromagnetic wave field data processing method, characterized in that the method includes:根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；Determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；Perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is compensation for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. The amplitude error caused;提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；Extracting the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；In the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, the first eigenvalue sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions and the data are determined respectively. The second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining the time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform a second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second amplitude compensation is compensated by the attenuation coefficient The amplitude error caused by the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据，具体包括：The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 1, wherein the determining the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data specifically comprises:对获取的所述实际电磁波场数据进行数据处理，其中，所述数据处理包括滤波、反褶积、零点时间校正中的一种或多种；Perform data processing on the acquired actual electromagnetic wave field data, where the data processing includes one or more of filtering, deconvolution, and zero time correction;对处理后的所述实际电磁波场数据进行速度分析，得出速度模型；Perform velocity analysis on the processed actual electromagnetic wave field data to obtain a velocity model;根据所述速度模型确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据。The lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data is determined according to the velocity model.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述实际电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅绝对值最大值序列；所述预设条件的所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅最大值序列，或者为所述无损耗电磁波场数据对应的特征波形的多个周期中振幅幅绝对值最大值序列。The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 1, wherein the first characteristic value sequence corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data under the preset condition is a plurality of characteristic waveforms corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data. The sequence of the maximum amplitude in the period, or the sequence of the maximum absolute value of the amplitude in the multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data; the second characteristic value corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data of the preset condition The sequence is a sequence of maximum amplitudes in multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, or a sequence of the absolute maximum amplitudes in multiple periods of the characteristic waveform corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，具体包括：The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 1, wherein determining the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to a first preset method specifically includes:将所述第一特征值序列、所述第二特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数； Input the first eigenvalue sequence, the second eigenvalue sequence, and the time sequence into the formula
Determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data;其中，χ(x,t)为实际电磁波场数据，G(x,t)为所述无耗损电磁波场数据，β为衰减系数，t为时间，x为场源至接收点的距离，b为常量。Where χ(x,t) is the actual electromagnetic wave field data, G(x,t) is the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, β is the attenuation coefficient, t is the time, x is the distance from the field source to the receiving point, and b is the constant. - 根据权利要求4所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述将所述实际电磁波场数据的特征值序列、所述无耗损电磁波场数据的特征值序列以及时间序列输入至公式后，所述方法还包括： The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 4, wherein the characteristic value sequence of the actual electromagnetic wave field data, the characteristic value sequence of the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and the time sequence are input into the formula
Later, the method further includes:应用第二预设方式对与时间t进行数据拟合，以将
拟合成连续的线性函数，并根据线性函数的斜率确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数。 Apply the second preset method to
Fit the data with time t to fitFit a continuous linear function, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the slope of the linear function. - 根据权利要求5所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述第二预设方式为最小二乘法。The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 5, wherein the second preset method is a least square method.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所 述根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数之前，所述方法还包括：The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 1, wherein before the determining the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, the method further comprises:通过正演模型模拟出测试波场，并根据所述第一预设方式确定出测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数；Simulate the test wave field through the forward model, and determine the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset method;将所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数与测试电磁波场数据衰减系数的理论值进行对比，以确定出所述第一预设方式得出的所述测试电磁波场数据的衰减系数是否正确。The attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data is compared with the theoretical value of the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data to determine whether the attenuation coefficient of the test electromagnetic wave field data obtained by the first preset method is correct.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电磁波场数据处理方法，其特征在于，所述电磁波的波形信息类型包括反射波或直达波。The electromagnetic wave field data processing method according to claim 1, wherein the waveform information type of the electromagnetic wave includes a reflected wave or a direct wave.
- 一种电磁波场数据处理装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：An electromagnetic wave field data processing device, characterized in that the device includes:第一确定单元，用于根据实际电磁波场数据确定出所述实际电磁波场数据对应的无耗损电磁波场数据；The first determining unit is configured to determine the lossless electromagnetic wave field data corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the actual electromagnetic wave field data;第一补偿单元，用于对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据进行第一振幅补偿，其中，所述第一振幅补偿为补偿由几何衰减对所述实际电磁波场数据与所述无耗损电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差；The first compensation unit is configured to perform first amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, wherein the first amplitude compensation is to compensate for the geometric attenuation of the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. State the amplitude error caused by lossless electromagnetic wave field data;提取单元，用于提取所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息；An extraction unit for extracting waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and waveform information of electromagnetic waves in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data;第二确定单元，用于在所述实际电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息与所述无耗损电磁波场数据中电磁波的波形信息中，分别确定出符合预设条件的所述实际电磁波场数据对应的第一特征值序列与所述无耗损电磁波场数据对应的第二特征值序列，并确定出所述第一特征值序列与所述第二特征值序列对应的时间序列；The second determining unit is configured to determine the corresponding to the actual electromagnetic wave field data that meets the preset conditions in the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the actual electromagnetic wave field data and the waveform information of the electromagnetic wave in the lossless electromagnetic wave field data. A first characteristic value sequence and a second characteristic value sequence corresponding to the lossless electromagnetic wave field data, and determining a time sequence corresponding to the first characteristic value sequence and the second characteristic value sequence;第二补偿单元，用于根据第一预设方式确定出所述实际电磁波场数据的衰减系数，并根据所述衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据进行第二振幅补偿，其中，所述第二振幅补偿为补偿由衰减系数对所述实际电磁波场数据所带来的振幅误差。The second compensation unit is configured to determine the attenuation coefficient of the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the first preset manner, and perform second amplitude compensation on the actual electromagnetic wave field data according to the attenuation coefficient, wherein the second The amplitude compensation is to compensate the amplitude error caused by the attenuation coefficient to the actual electromagnetic wave field data.
- 一种计算机可读介质，其特征在于，其上存储有计算机可读指令，所述计算机可读指令可被处理器执行以实现权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。A computer-readable medium, characterized in that computer-readable instructions are stored thereon, and the computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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