WO2021195734A1 - Peptídeos sintéticos miméticos a proteína l1 do hpv, método de diagnóstico de hpv, sistema de diagnóstico de hpv, composição farmacêutica e uso dos mesmos no tratamento ou profilaxia do hpv - Google Patents
Peptídeos sintéticos miméticos a proteína l1 do hpv, método de diagnóstico de hpv, sistema de diagnóstico de hpv, composição farmacêutica e uso dos mesmos no tratamento ou profilaxia do hpv Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/12—Viral antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K19/00—Hybrid peptides, i.e. peptides covalently bound to nucleic acids, or non-covalently bound protein-protein complexes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K7/04—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links
- C07K7/08—Linear peptides containing only normal peptide links having 12 to 20 amino acids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/571—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses for venereal disease, e.g. syphilis, gonorrhoea
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the selection and characterization of synthetic peptides, designed and synthesized from the analysis of mimetope phage clones of the immunological epitope of the human papillomavirus (HPV) LI protein. More particularly, the synthesized peptides were immunoreactive and able to detect IgA antibodies in body fluid samples from patients with HPV. Furthermore, the synthesized peptides were able to provoke an immune response in vivo. Particularly the present invention concerns the selection, characterization and use of these new synthesized peptides.
- the present invention further describes a method for diagnosing HPV, a system for diagnosing HPV by electrochemical detection and a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of these new synthesized peptides and the use of these peptides to prepare immunogenic drugs or compositions for treatment. and/or HPV prophylaxis.
- HPV infection Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the
- REPLACEMENT SHEET (RULE 26) It is the most common sexually transmitted viral disease and represents a major public health problem worldwide, due to its high incidence and strong association with malignancies. More than 100 types of HPV have been identified and approximately half of them have high tropism for epithelial cells and mucous membranes, where they can cause benign lesions, cancer or persist asymptomatically. [003] Globally, the main method of detection of HPV is still the Papanicolaou test, because many countries with few resources do not have the technical infrastructure and public health programs to offer supportive testing.
- Pap smear reduces the incidence of cervical cancer (also known as cervical cancer) and the mortality rate, its detection is limited to the ability of the observer to recognize and classify a variety of cellular abnormalities, when evaluated in isolation, can commonly result in indeterminate or false-negative results.
- Pap smears, biopsy-guided or not can be invasive and uncomfortable.
- molecular methods for detecting HPV play an important role in the scenario of early diagnosis of HPV and prevention of cervical cancer and offer promising alternatives as screening tools to improve the sensitivity of conventional cytology [(MOLIJN A., et al. .
- XICOTÉNCATL L. et al., Molecular diagnosis of human papillomavirus in the development of cervical cancer. Salud Publica Mex. 2009. p. s479-s488); (ARNEY A., BENNETT K.M. Molecular Diagnostics of Human Papillomavirus. Lab. Med. 2010. p. 523-530); (ZARAVINOS A., et al., Molecular detection methods of human papillomavirus (HPV). Int J Biol Markers. 2009;24(4):215-222)].
- results classified as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were 100% positive in detecting HPV-DNA.
- saliva has been frequently used as a biological fluid in disease diagnosis due to its easy and non-invasive collection.
- salivary samples have used salivary samples to detect antibodies in various disease diagnoses [(CUEVAS-C ⁇ RDOBA, B., SANTIAGO-GARC ⁇ A, J., Saliva: a fluid of study for OMICS. OMICS. 2014; 18 (2):87- 97); (MALAMUD, D., Saliva as a Diagnostic Fluid. Dent. Clin. North Am. 2011. p. 159-178)].
- saliva offers characteristic advantages over serum and other body fluids and can provide a cost-effective approach for large population testing.
- the HPV genome is approximately 8,000 bp, divided into three regions, a long non-coding control region (LCR) that contains the origin of viral DNA replication and the enhancer/promoter elements that regulate viral transcription; the other two coding regions include early (E) and late (L) proteins.
- LCR long non-coding control region
- the early region is involved in viral replication and oncogenesis, and encodes six open reading frames (ORFs) E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7.
- ORFs open reading frames
- the late region encodes the structural proteins L1 and L2 for the viral capsid. In recent decades, these proteins have been used as a target for vaccine production for use in the treatment or prophylactic of HPV.
- patent application WO2018085751 describes peptides comprising the amino acid sequences of the E6 and E7 proteins of HPV.
- the HPV L1 protein has also been a very attractive target for vaccine production due to its self-assembly capacity, which allows the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) containing highly immunogenic epitopes.
- patent application BR 112017004181-2 describes a vaccine comprising amino acids of the HPV L1 protein.
- the DNA sequence of the L1 protein is nearly 80-90% identical to different viral types, making it a powerful candidate for approaches. diagnostics [(BUCK CB, et al. The papillomavirus major capsid protein LI. Virology.
- Phage Display This technique is based on the insertion of a gene or gene fragment into bacteriophages, resulting in the expression of random peptides with specificity to the target of interest [(Barbas CF. 1993. Recent advances in phage display. Curr Opin
- Phage display has been used to identify sequences with application in the diagnosis of diseases ([(Hairul Bahara NH, et al. 2013. Phage display antibodies for diagnostic applications. Biologicals. 2013 Jul;41 (4):209- 16); (Rakonjac J., et al. Filamentous bacteriophage: biology, phage display and nanotechnology applications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 13:51-76)], as well as in vaccine development (Gao J., et al. Phage display and its application in vaccine design. Ann Microbiol 2010, 60:13-19).
- the present patent application aimed to identify and synthesize new mimetic peptides for the HPV LI protein, which had improved ability to be used in a method of diagnosis of HPV, as well as in the production of pharmaceutical compositions for treatment or prevention of HPV.
- the present patent application describes six (6) new synthetic peptides that were designed and synthesized after in vitro analysis of phage clones obtained by Phage Display and that showed to be potent mimetopes of the immunological epitope of the human papillomavirus LI protein
- the six (6) peptides were produced chemically with an amidation at the C-terminal region and conjugated to Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) to the N-terminal cysteine, including a spacer (GGGS).
- BSA Bovine Serum Albumin
- GGGS a spacer
- PEP1, PEP3 and PEP4 part of the bacteriophage pIII protein sequence (AETVESCL) was added.
- compositions for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV which comprise at least one of the new synthesized peptides described herein, plus at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, carrier and/or compound.
- Another modality described herein is the use of new synthetic peptides or pharmaceutical compositions herein described, for the preparation of a drug or immunogenic composition for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV.
- Other modalities described here are: a method of treatment and/or prophylactic of HPV, as well as a Kit to be used in a method of diagnosis, treatment and/or prophylactic of HPV.
- FIGURE 1A shows the amino acid sequences of all mimotopes selected by Phage Display and their frequencies.
- FIGURE 1B shows the reactivity of ELISA assays for mimotopes with cervical and salivary samples from patients with HPV (pool) and healthy controls (pool).
- FIGURE 2A shows the multiple alignments of the deduced sequence of C.B1 phage with the sequences of several HPV types of the L1 protein (HPV06, 11, 16, 18, 33, 45 and 31).
- FIGURE 2B shows the L1 protein regions of the
- HPV with probable antigenicity and pairing with a region of the L1 protein of HPV16.
- FIGURE 2C shows the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of the HPV L1 protein (PDB: 2R5H).
- FIGURE 2D-E show a three-dimensional model of the predicted structure for the LI protein and location of the likely epitope.
- FIGURE 2F shows the immunogenicity prediction scale in the 3D structure for the LI protein.
- FIGURE 3A shows the detection of specific IgA antibody in cervical samples from patients infected with HPV and from uninfected control subjects.
- FIGURE 3B shows the detection of specific IgA antibody in salivary samples from patients infected with HPV and from uninfected control subjects.
- FIGURE 3C shows the ROC curve of cervical specimens (C).
- FIGURE 3D shows the ROC curve of salivary samples (D).
- FIGURES 4A-D show the detection of
- Immunoglobulin A by mimotope C.B1 according to genotypic risk classification by Nested-Multiplex PCR (nmPCR) and cytology (Pap).
- FIGURE 5A shows the titration of phage C.B1 for detection of IgA, IgG and IgM.
- FIGURE 5B shows the titration of the phage
- FIGURE 6A shows the alignment of PEP1 in the three-dimensional structure of the main capsid protein (LI) of HPV-16 (PDB: 2R5H).
- FIGURE 6B shows the alignment of PEP3 in the three-dimensional structure of the main capsid protein
- FIGURE 6C shows the alignment of PEP4 in the three-dimensional structure of the major capsid protein
- FIGURE 7A shows the recognition of IgA by peptides synthesized on nitrocellulose membrane (Slot-blot) from a pool of cervical and salivary samples.
- FIGURE 7B shows an electrochemical curve of cyclic voltammetry in a modified graphite electrode.
- FIGURE 7C shows the charge density (load/C) of the negative (control) and positive salivary pools for
- FIGURE 8 shows a schematic representation of the shape of the bioelectrode used in electrochemical detection.
- FIGURES 9A-B show elysis assays of the peptides PEP 1 and PEP2, respectively, in saliva sample from an HPV positive or negative patient.
- FIGURES 9C-D show the ROC curves (Receiver
- FIGURE 10A shows the cell viability of murine macrophage strain (J774A-1) under peptide 1 stimulation.
- FIGURE 10B shows the cell viability of the murine macrophage lineage (J774A-1) under peptide 2 stimulation.
- FIGURE 10C shows the cell viability of the murine macrophage lineage (J774A-1) under peptide 3 stimulation.
- FIGURE 10D shows the cell viability of the murine macrophage lineage (J774A-1) under peptide 4 stimulation.
- FIGURES 11A-D show the profiles of the production of IgG antibodies in murine serum samples, by ELISA, for evaluation of immunization with the synthesized peptides.
- FIGURES 12A-D show the titers of IgA antibodies present in murine vaginal mucosa, by ELISA, for evaluation of immunization with the synthesized peptides.
- FIGURES 12E-F show the general levels of IgA expression represented by linear graphs, according to the mean and standard deviation of antibody production between the first and last immunization for the respective synthesized peptides.
- FIGURES 13 show the cellular immune response profiles of murine splenocytes obtained from animals immunized with vascins comprising the peptides synthesized .
- the present patent application describes six (6) new synthetic peptides designed and synthesized after in vitro analysis of phage clones obtained by Phage Display and which showed to be potent mimetopes of the immunological epitope of the L1 protein of the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Ph.D.-C7C Phage Display (PD) peptide library kit New England Biolabs, Ipswich, USA
- the Ph.D.-C7C library was subjected to negative and positive selections against purified IgAs from a pool of individuals in Groups 1 (healthy individuals), 2 (patients with other genital diseases) and 3 (patients with a definitive diagnosis of HPV infection ).
- a positive selection was performed using unbound phages that were incubated with IgA-bead from patients with a definitive diagnosis of HPV infection (Group 3) under the same conditions.
- the subtractive selection process was repeated 3 times in the IgA pool of group 1 and twice in group 2, in order to increase the phage specificity for the target.
- Two strategies for the elution of specific phages were adopted. One of them was added to an acidic pH solution (0.2 M Glycine, pH 2.2) and neutralized with Tris (1M, pH 9.1), followed by 3 cycles of identical selection.
- Another strategy was defined by competitive elution, using the quadrivalent vaccine against HPV (Gardasil®), which contains virus-like particles (VLPs) from an antigenic region of the virus (LI protein HPV 06, 11, 16 and 18), followed by 2 cycles selection.
- the eluted phages were amplified in E. coli (ER2738) (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA, USA), purified using precipitation with polyethylene glycol 8000 and 20% 2.5 M NaCl (w/vol) after each biopanning cycle.
- Individual bacterial colonies containing amplified phage clones were grown in a microtiter plate and titrated according to the method described by Barbas et al. (Barbas CF, et al. Phage display: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Raven Press, 2001).
- a total of 65 clones were randomly selected, 13 obtained by competitive selection strategy and 52 by acid elution, using a library of random peptides expressed in phage. From 65 selected phage clones, 32 possible mimetopes showed different sequences (12 by competitive elution and 20 by acid selection) (Figure IA). Selected phages showed different reactivity when tested against cervical and saliva samples by ELISA ( Figure 1B); two clones had a higher absorbance ratio between the positive and negative pool for HPV in cervical and salivary fluid. Phage C.B1 showed a ratio of 3.09 in the cervical pool and 3.45 in the salivary pool, while phage A.D5 showed a ratio of 1.93 and 2.44 in both samples, respectively.
- DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis [059] After three rounds of selection and elution with acid and two rounds of competitive elution, single-stranded phage DNAs were isolated by the iodinated buffer extraction procedure (Azzazy HME, Highsmith WE Phage display technology: Clinical applications and recent innovations Clin. Biochem. 2002. p. 425-445). Electrophoresis was performed on a 0.8% gel stained with ethidium bromide solution, in order to verify the quality of the DNA.
- the nucleotide sequence of the gene III insert was sequenced using the DyEnamic ET Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (GE Healthcare, Pittsburg, PA, USA), with primer -96 glll (5'-OH CCC TCA TAG TTA GCG TAA CG) -3') SEQ ID No. 08, according to the manufacturer's instructions, and detected on a MegaBace 1000 automatic capillary sequencer (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, USA).
- the amino acid sequence of the nucleotide sequence was predicted using ExPASy software available online (http://www.expasy.org).
- Antibody epitope prediction of the L1HPV16 protein was performed using the Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction antigenicity scale (Larsen J.E.P., et al. Improved method for predicting linear B-cell epitopes. Immuno Res. 2006; 2:2).
- the linear alignment with the C.B1 phage amino acid sequence was crossed with distinct HPV proteins in the studies performed (data not shown) and showed up to six (85.7%) conserved or semi-conserved amino acid residues a an immunogenic protein from different HPV types (types: 06, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45), the main L1 protein of the HPV capsid (Figure 2A). Preserved (*) and semi-preserved residues are marked in gray in Figure 2A. Five (71.4%) phage amino acid residues
- HPV16 ( Figure 2B). Antigenicity predictions were made by Bepipred linear epitope prediction scale software. 0 cut-off (Threshold) of 0.35; mean (0.03); minimal antigenicity (-2.684); maximum antigenicity (1.557). Regions with probable antigenicity on a scale above 0.35 are considered antigenic. Window size and central position were respectively 7 and 4. *Structural location of C.B1 in LI capsid protein (residues 194 to 200) of HPV16 ( Figure 2A).
- Three-dimensional mimetope sequence analyzes were predicted by adding a spacer sequence (GGGS) and amino acids (alanine and cysteine) responsible for the conformation of the peptide from the peptide library. This additional amino acid (ACxxxxxxxCGGGS) was used to make the exposure to the alignment more specific for target recognition.
- the crystallographed structure of the HPV16 L1 protein (PDB: 2R5H) (Figure 2C) was used to represent the alignment with C.B1 ( Figures 2D-E).
- Figures 2D and 2E show a 3D model of the predicted structure for the L1 protein and location of the likely epitope.
- Peptide 1 was originated from phage clone C.B1: ACHHPTSNVCGGGSAETVESCL (SEQ ID NO:01).
- Peptide 2 was generated from two repeats of the C.B1 clone sequence: ACHHPTSNVCGGGSACHHPTSNVC (SEQ ID NO:1)
- the third peptide (PEP3) was constructed so chimeric, from the sequences of clones C.B1 and A.D5 (ACHHPTSNVCGGGSACEYEGRNICGGGSAETVESCL (SEQ ID NO 03); while the fourth synthesized peptide (PEP4) was originated from phage A.D5: ACEYEGRNICGGGSAETVESCL (SEQ ID NO 04) .
- the new peptide designed and synthesized from the phage C.B1 was tested by ELISA assay using individual samples of cervical secretion and saliva. In total, 95.6% (44/46) of cervical samples positive for HPV and 96.3% (26/27) of saliva samples were positive for anti-IgA by PEP1.
- the PEP1 peptide designed and synthesized from C.B1 phage was able to efficiently discriminate HPV patients and controls (p ⁇ 0.0001) and tested RP (p ⁇ 0.0001), in both fluids ( Figures 3A-B ) .
- the peptide PEP1 showed 95.65% of sensitivity to detect HPV patients, 71.11% of specificity, 77.19% of PPV, 94.12% NPV, 3.31 PLR and 0.06 NLR.
- the PEP1 peptide was able to detect HPV positive patients with a sensitivity of 96.3%, specificity of 71.79%, 70.27% of PPV, NPV of 96.55%, PLR of 3.41 and 0.05 NLR.
- Table 1 Diagnostic performance of immunological evaluation by the peptide mimotope PEP1 in saliva and cervical fluid compared to the test with nested-multiplex PCR.
- CI confidence interval
- PPV positive predictive value
- NPV negative predictive value
- PVR positive likelihood ratio
- RVN negative likelihood ratio
- P probability.
- the OD group included 7 patients with vaginosis infection (Gardnerella vaginallis), 3 candidiasis (Candida albicans) and 1 HIV positive, while in salivary samples it contained 3 vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginallis), 2 candidiasis (Candida albicans), 2 HIV, 2 cancer (one pancreas and another acute myeloid leukemia), 3 leprosy (Mycobacter ⁇ um leprae), 1 leishmaniasis (Leishmania sp.) and 1 toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii); all of them with current normal Pap smears ( Figure 4).
- EXAMPLE 2 Evaluation of the specificity of new peptides designed and synthesized from C.B1 phage for detection of IgA and correlation between cervical and salivary fluids.
- the cervical secretion pool was diluted at a ratio of 1:20, while the saliva pool was done at a concentration of 1:10, both in blocking buffer. Blots were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with shaking. The strips were washed 5 times and incubated with anti-IgA antibody conjugated to HRP (1:10000 in blocking solution) for 1 h at room temperature under agitation, dried and the detection procedures were carried out.
- EXAMPLE 4 Construction and analysis of the bioelectrode [073] To evaluate and validate the applicability of the mimetic peptides selected in this work, since peptides 1, 2, 3 and 4 were shown to be able to detect HPV-specific IgA in saliva and cervical positives, the engineered synthetic peptides were immobilized on electrode surfaces, such as graphite, gold, platinum, glassy carbon electrodes, of carbon paste, electrodes with polymeric material, modified electrodes (for example: modified graphite electrodes, which may be with nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, polymers, etc.) inside other electrodes modified or not known by a person skilled in the art. In this specific example, graphite electrodes were used to detect HPV in saliva samples (Figure 8).
- electrode surfaces such as graphite, gold, platinum, glassy carbon electrodes, of carbon paste, electrodes with polymeric material, modified electrodes (for example: modified graphite electrodes, which may be with nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, polymers, etc.
- auxiliary and reference electrodes can also be selected from the group consisting of: graphite electrode, gold, platinum, glassy carbon, carbon paste electrode, electrode with polymeric material and modified electrode.
- modified platinum electrodes comprising a platinum plate and silver/silver chloride were used. All solutions were deoxygenated by ultra pure nitrogen bubbling for at least 45 minutes before use.
- the graphite electrode was mechanically polished with alumina paste (0.3pm), sonicated, washed with deionized water, air dried and pre-conditioned in a solution of H2CIO40.5 mol.L-1 through cyclic voltammetry between 0 and + 1.2V, for 4 cycles, at a scan rate of 50 mV.s - 1.
- the solution containing 1.5 pg.mL-l of PEP1 probes was deposited on the electrode surface and dried at 37°C for 30 minutes , this procedure being performed twice.
- the electrodes were immersed in a 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution as a blocking agent at 37°C for 1 h. HPV negative and positive samples were applied to the electrode at 37°C for 30 minutes. After each modification, the electrodes were washed with phosphate buffer (Na2HPC>4 0.061 mol.L-1, NafhPCh 0.039 mol.L-1, pH 7.4) for 5 seconds under agitation to remove unbound molecules and dried with ultra nitrogen pure.
- BSA bovine serum albumin
- peptides from phage C.B1 and A.D5 SEQ ID No 5 and SEQ ID No 6
- the peptide synthesized from C.B1 phage was able to differentiate positive and negative samples with greater precision and also because it was obtained from a competition strategy of VLPs containing highly immunogenic regions of HPV.
- This approach allowed us to discover peptides derived from the peptide library (C.B1 and A.D5) that cover immunogenic regions of the HPV L1 protein.
- Capsid proteins play an important role in the host's immune response, especially Ll, which has conformational epitopes that lead to the generation of neutralizing IgA and IgG antibodies in infected individuals.
- the LI major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 11 recombinant virus-like particles interacts with heparin and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(9):5810-5822)].
- the conserved and semi-conserved residues corresponding to the C.B1 peptide represent a putative epitope of the L1 protein that is conserved in different types of HPV, which probably gave this peptide the ability to be recognized by IgA in the mucous fluids of infected individuals. This inference can be justified by the fact that semi-conserved amino acid residues exhibit physicochemical properties similar to the original residue, allowing antibody binding.
- the peptides synthesized from phage clones C.B1 and A.D5 were able to detect high titer of IgA antibodies in HPV samples, significantly discriminating positive and negative fluids (p ⁇ 0.01; cervical and saliva samples) when compared to IgG and IgM antibody classes. This result indicates that the phage selection strategy for IgA purified samples was successful.
- PEP1 detected significantly IgA antibodies in cervical and saliva samples from patients classified as low risk (p ⁇ 0.001 and p ⁇ 0.01, respectively), high risk (p ⁇ 0.0001; both) and multiple HPV infection (p ⁇ 0.0001;both); when compared to the negative control.
- PEP1 peptide 1
- PEP1 has a design more similar to the mimotope peptide synthesized PEP-C.B1 and the in vitro experiments shown here were used as an example; showing positive reactivity in the dot blot assay.
- bioelectrode in saliva samples, as it is non-invasive and easy to obtain.
- the mimetic peptides selected by PD in this work are able to detect IgA antibodies in saliva and cervical samples from HPV patients with high sensitivity and specificity, and can be readily produced through bacterial cultures, and used in various assays, such as ELISA, electrochemical sensors and many others.
- the most relevant is the possibility of using saliva as a direct application in a simple bioelectrode test, which can be used to aid medical treatment in patients with HPV.
- EXAMPLE 5 Assay for HPV diagnostic test evaluation. [081] In order to validate the new diagnostic test that enables the detection of HPV in a way less costly than genotyping and significantly more effective than the pap smear, we performed an elisa assay based on the synthesized peptides of CB.1 (PEP1) or AD.5 (PEP4) in saliva samples from HPV positive patients and negative controls.
- PEP1 synthesized peptides of CB.1
- AD.5 PEP4
- Saliva and cervical samples used in this clinical trial were obtained in a paired fashion from patients during a medical consultation.
- the specimen from the cervical sample was used to evaluate by means of the Papanicolaou test and by means of the HPV genotyping gold standard to confirm the diagnosis. Therefore, the classification of control and patient samples was based on gold standard diagnostic genotyping analyses.
- the plate was incubated 1h at 37°C with the detection antibody, anti-IgA antibody (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories-KPL, USA) diluted 1:5,000 in blocking buffer. At the end of the incubation, the wells were washed 5x and developed with SigmaFastTM OPD (Sigma-Aldrich; USA). Absorbance readings were performed in a microplate spectrophotometer at 492nm. [085] Peptides synthesized from the CB.1 phage
- the HPV genotyping test indicated 65 patients with positive HPV. Of these 65 patients, the Pap smear test indicated 24 patients were positive while the saliva detection test based on C.B1 (PEP1) indicated 61 patients were positive according to genotyping.
- the synthetic peptides PEP1, PEP2, PEP3 and PEP4, mimetic to HPV LI protein epitopes were designed and synthesized from phage clones selected by Phage Display as shown above. Through cell viability analysis (MTT), three peptides were chosen to evaluate the vaccine potential for HPV. Peptides PEP1, PEP3 and PEP4 were subjected to in silico (prediction of 3D structures as shown above and in Figures 6A-C), in vivo (immunization in female BALB/c mice) and in vitro (ELISA, Splenocyte culture, CBA, Neutralization Assay).
- the vaccine formulations comprise at least one of the synthesized peptides and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, carrier and/or adjuvant.
- the commercial quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil®, Merck; USA), which contains recombinant VLPs (Virus-like particles) assembled from LI proteins of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, was used as a positive control for immunization.
- the mice were divided into six groups of five animals each. Immunizations were performed with 10 mM PEP1 (group G1), 10 mM PEP3 (group G2), as well as 10 mM PEP4 (group G3); all administered in formulations comprising at least half the volume of a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, in a 1:1 ratio (for example: in this case, a 2% aluminum hydroxide suspension, known as Alum - InvivoGen; USA - was used as an adjuvant).
- a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant for example: in this case, a 2% aluminum hydroxide suspension, known as Alum - InvivoGen; USA - was used as an adjuvant.
- the fourth group of animals represented the control group (G4), which was administered only sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS).
- PBS sterile phosphate buffer saline
- the adjuvant control group (G5) a mixture of PBS and adjuvant was injected, in the same proportion as the vaccine formulations.
- a positive control group (G6) for immunization against HPV was evaluated, administering 10.5 pg of the total VLPs contained in the commercial vaccine available in addition to the adjuvant used in vaccine formulations formulated with the synthesized peptides, within them proportions.
- the amount of VLP used in the study was determined according to the literature [(Schellenbacher C, et al. 2009. Chimeric L1-L2 virus-like particles as potential broad-spectrum human papillomavirus vaccines.
- the vaccine formulations were administered subcutaneously (dorsal), in four doses, with an interval of 15 days between each dose.
- blood samples via the retro-orbital plexus and vaginal lavage were collected to assess the humoral immune response.
- O Vaginal lavage was obtained by pipetting with 100 ⁇ l of sterile PBS into the female vaginal canal.
- the animals were euthanized and, in addition to blood and vaginal lavage, the spleen was removed aseptically, for splenocyte culture and analysis of the cellular immune response by CBA.
- EXAMPLE 8 Detection of IgG and IgA Antibodies by ELISA
- the levels of IgG antibodies in serum and IgA in the vaginal wash were determined by indirect ELISA.
- the peptide-specific IgG antibody titers and the positive control (G6) (Gardasil®, Merck; USA vaccine) used in the immunizations are shown in Figure 11.
- High-binding 96-well ELISA plates were sensitized to 1, 5 mg/well of each peptide, as well as the total of VLPs contained in the commercial vaccine (VC) Gardasil®. Nonspecific reactivity against BSA (1.5 mg/well) was also evaluated (data not shown).
- the reaction was blocked with 5% PBS-BSA and serum samples (1:10 dilution) and vaginal wash (1:5 dilution) were added and incubated at 37°C for 1h. Then, the samples were washed 3x in washing buffer (PBS with 0.05% Tween20) and incubated for 1h at 37°C with the respective detection antibodies, both diluted 1:5,000 in blocking buffer.
- the anti-IgG antibody was used, while the samples of vaginal lavage were tested with anti-IgA antibody, both specific for mice and labeled with peroxidase.
- the wells were washed 5x and revealed with OPD. Absorbance readings were performed in a microplate spectrophotometer at 492nm.
- EXAMPLE 9 Culture of Splenocytes and ARC [099] In order to assess the influence of different vaccine formulations on the cellular immune response, the spleens of all animals were removed and macerated to obtain splenocytes. After maceration of the organ, the splenocytes from animals of the same group were pooled and kept in culture for the evaluation of the cellular immune response profile.
- kit supernatants and cytokine standards were incubated with a mixture of capture microspheres coated with antibodies specific for each cytokine, and with detection antibody labeled with phycoerythrin (PE). After the incubations, 500 pL of the washing solution was added and the material was centrifuged at 200g for 5 minutes. The supernatant was discarded and the samples were resuspended in 100 ⁇ L of the washing solution for later reading in a flow cytometer. The results obtained were analyzed using the FCAP ArrayTM Software, by obtaining calibration curves obtained from the kit standards, and the concentration of analytes in the sample was determined in pg/mL.
- PE phycoerythrin
- the mitogen ConA was used only as a positive control of the assay and, under its stimulus, the cell culture of all groups of animals produced cytokines, confirming the reliability of the in vitro experiment (data not shown) .
- Cytokines represent a group of molecules involved in inflammation, immunity, defense and modulation of the immune system to HPV infection.
- TNF- pro-
- IFN-g IFN-g
- IL-17A IL-17A
- IL-6 anti-inflammatory
- IL-4 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines
- the G1 group (immunized with PEP1) showed no significant difference for TNF-a in any of the stimuli evaluated, but it is clear that there was a small increase between unstimulated cells (NT) and peptides, especially PEP3, which probably acts synergistically since it is a chimeric peptide designed with motifs from PEP1 and PEP4.
- NT unstimulated cells
- PEP3 which probably acts synergistically since it is a chimeric peptide designed with motifs from PEP1 and PEP4.
- G1 was not able to generate a response, however, when stimulated with VC, there was an increase in the production of IL-17A.
- IL-10 was significantly expressed when stimulated by PEP1 (p ⁇ 0.05) and PEP3 (p ⁇ 0.001). Interestingly, IL-6 was produced under PEP3 and PEP4 stimuli, and increased significantly (p ⁇ 0.0001) when stimulated by CV, showing a similar effect to the group immunized with CV (G6).
- IL-6 is a cytokine that influences antigen-specific immune responses and inflammatory reactions, being considered one of the main mediators of the acute phase of inflammation. This cytokine has an important role in the balance of Thl/Th2 responses, promoting differentiation to effector Th2 cells when dependent on IL-4 and polarization to Thl via IFN-g signaling. Studies suggest that cervical carcinoma cells can escape host defense mechanisms through downregulation of the IL-6 receptor, indicating its importance in inducing responses against HPV infection.
- TNF-a is a multifunctional cytokine in the host's response to inflammation and in defense against viral and bacterial infections.
- This cytokine is capable of decreasing the expression of oncogenes E6 and E7, inducing apoptosis and preventing the growth of cells infected with HPV, in addition to stimulating and mediating responses to chemokines and other inflammatory agents.
- PEP1 p ⁇ 0.01
- PEP3 p ⁇ 0.001
- PEP4 stimuli An opposite effect can be observed with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which had a low expression in untreated cells and increased after PEP1 (p ⁇ 0.05), PEP3 (p ⁇ 0.001) and PEP4 stimuli.
- cytokine IL-10 is able to modulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo, generating down-regulation in inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-g and IL-17. This regulatory mechanism may justify the decrease in IFN-g and IL-17A responses to stimuli, when compared to NT expression.
- IL-6 had a significant increase (p ⁇ 0.0001) when untreated and under stimulation of all peptides, especially the
- IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine capable of inhibiting the synthesis of other cytokines, especially IFN-Y, in addition to preventing the proliferation of Thl cells, but it is capable of maintaining the development of Th2 responses, which are important for the production of antibodies. Possibly, there was a prevalence of the Th2 profile and consequent inhibition of IFN-g after immunization with the commercial vaccine.
- This infiltrate would have an important role in combating the infection by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL- 12, IFN-g and TNF-a, demonstrating a predominance of Thl-type response.
- pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL- 12, IFN-g and TNF-a
- immunocompromised individuals are at increased risk of HPV infection and progression to virus-associated malignancies.
- synthesized peptides mimetics of the HPV L1 protein, are capable of detecting IgA antibodies in body fluid samples from patients with HPV.
- the synthesized peptides were also able to elicit serum humoral (IgG) and vaginal mucosa (IgA) immune responses in vivo.
- these peptides induced an important cellular immune response with upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and shift to a Thl profile.
- the chimeric peptide (PEP3) seems to act synergistically, potentiating humoral and cellular responses, with possible production of neutralizing antibodies to HPV-16, indicating a more attractive prophylactic applicability.
- Synthetic HPV L1 protein mimetic peptides comprising one of the selected amino acid sequences. group consisting of: SEQ ID No. 01, SEQ ID No. 02, SEQ ID No. 03, SEQ ID No. 04, SEQ ID No. 05 and SEQ ID No. 06, or a sequence having at least 85% of identity or similarity to one of the amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID N° 01, SEQ ID N° 02, SEQ ID N° 03, SEQ ID N° 04, SEQ ID N° 05 and SEQ ID N° 06.
- the synthetic peptide is for use in a method of diagnosing HPV or for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV.
- compositions comprising at least one of the synthetic peptides as described in the present application, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle, carrier, adjuvant and/or compound.
- the pharmaceutical composition is a vaccine and may further comprise an aluminum hydroxide solution as an adjuvant.
- Said pharmaceutical composition being for use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV.
- the biological sample is preferably a bodily fluid; contacting the sample with at least one of the synthesized peptides as defined in claim 1;
- Said method can be used as an ELISA assay or as an electrochemical detection assay.
- the electrochemical detection test comprises:
- bioelectrode is a graphite electrode and the method further comprises auxiliary and/or reference electrodes, but particularly where such electrodes comprise a platinum and silver/silver chloride plate.
- an HPV diagnostic system by electrochemical detection in which it comprises at least one electrode and at least one of the synthetic peptides as described in the present application.
- the electrode is a graphite electrode and where it comprises at least one of the synthetic peptides as defined in claim 1 incorporated or immobilized on its surface.
- the system still comprises auxiliary and/or reference electrodes, but particularly in which such electrodes comprise a platinum and silver/silver chloride plate, as well as comprising a potentiostat or similar device for reading the result.
- Describes a method of treatment and/or prophylactic of HPV which comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutically effective dose of at least one of the synthetic peptides as described in the present application or a pharmaceutical composition as described in the present application.
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