WO2021194211A1 - 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 - Google Patents
혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021194211A1 WO2021194211A1 PCT/KR2021/003560 KR2021003560W WO2021194211A1 WO 2021194211 A1 WO2021194211 A1 WO 2021194211A1 KR 2021003560 W KR2021003560 W KR 2021003560W WO 2021194211 A1 WO2021194211 A1 WO 2021194211A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- picture
- rasl
- nal unit
- nut
- unit type
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 49
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 241000023320 Luma <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 9
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000037170 Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241001482237 Pica Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150103552 cagE gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013074 reference sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003709 image segmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/85—Assembly of content; Generation of multimedia applications
- H04N21/854—Content authoring
- H04N21/85406—Content authoring involving a specific file format, e.g. MP4 format
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/119—Adaptive subdivision aspects, e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/174—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/188—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a video data packet, e.g. a network abstraction layer [NAL] unit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/44—Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
- H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
- H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
- H04N21/8455—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments involving pointers to the content, e.g. pointers to the I-frames of the video stream
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image based on a hybrid NAL unit type, and a bitstream generated by the method/device for encoding an image of the present disclosure. It relates to a recording medium.
- HD images high definition (HD) images and ultra high definition (UHD) images
- UHD images ultra high definition
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus with improved encoding/decoding efficiency.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image based on a hybrid NAL unit type.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image based on a subpicture bitstream merging operation.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method of transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a recording medium storing a bitstream that is received and decoded by an image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used to restore an image.
- An image decoding method includes obtaining, from a bitstream, NAL unit type information about at least one network abstraction layer (NAL) unit including encoded image data, the obtained NAL unit type Determining at least one NAL unit type of one or more slices in the current picture based on the information, and decoding the current picture based on the determined NAL unit type, the determined NAL unit type Based on including this RASL (Random Access Skipped Leading) picture NAL unit type (RASL_NUT), the current picture is determined as a RASL picture, and the IRAP (Intra Random Access Point) picture associated with the RASL picture is the first in decoding order In the case of a picture, the RASL picture may be decoded based on including one or more slices having a Random Access Decodable Leading (RADL) picture NAL unit type (RADL_NUT).
- RSL Random Access Decodable Leading
- An image decoding apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor includes at least one network abstraction layer (NAL) unit including image data encoded from a bitstream.
- NAL network abstraction layer
- obtain NAL unit type information about the NAL unit type information determine at least one NAL unit type of one or more slices in the current picture based on the obtained NAL unit type information, and decode the current picture based on the determined NAL unit type
- the determined NAL unit type includes a random access skipped leading (RASL) picture NAL unit type (RASL_NUT)
- the current picture is determined as a RASL picture
- the RASL picture is associated with an IRAP (Intra Random Access Point)
- the RASL picture may be decoded based on including one or more slices having a RADL (Random Access Decodable Leading) picture NAL unit type (RADL_NUT).
- RADL Random Access Decodable Leading
- An image encoding method includes dividing a current picture into a plurality of subpictures, determining a NAL unit type of each of the subpictures, and based on the determined NAL unit type, encoding the subpictures; based on the determined NAL unit type including a RASL (Random Access Skipped Leading) subpicture NAL unit type (RASL_NUT), the current picture is a predetermined Intra Random Access (IRAP) Point) is determined as a RASL picture associated with a picture, and the RASL picture may include at least one subpicture having a Random Access Decodable Leading (RADL) picture NAL unit type (RADL_NUT).
- RASL Random Access Skipped Leading subpicture NAL unit type
- a computer-readable recording medium may store a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or image encoding apparatus of the present disclosure.
- a transmission method may transmit a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or the image encoding apparatus of the present disclosure.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus having improved encoding/decoding efficiency may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus based on a hybrid NAL unit type may be provided.
- a method and apparatus for encoding/decoding an image related to a first picture in decoding order and based on a decodable RASL picture may be provided.
- an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus based on a RASL picture that can be used as a reference picture for inter prediction may be provided.
- a method for transmitting a bitstream generated by an image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a bitstream generated by the image encoding method or apparatus according to the present disclosure may be provided.
- a recording medium storing a bitstream received and decoded by the image decoding apparatus according to the present disclosure and used to restore an image.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a video coding system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of an image decoding procedure to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of an image encoding procedure to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a picture parameter set (PPS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a slice header according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subpicture.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a picture having a hybrid NAL unit type.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a picture parameter set (PPS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- 13 is a diagram for explaining a process of configuring a hybrid NAL unit type through subpicture bitstream merging.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing a decoding order and an output order for each picture type.
- 15A and 15B are diagrams for explaining a type of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 16A and 16B are diagrams for explaining handling of a RASL picture during random access.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a decoding process and an outputting process of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 18A and 18B are diagrams for explaining a reference condition of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating an image encoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 20 is a flowchart illustrating an image decoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- 21 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- a component when it is said that a component is “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” with another component, it is not only a direct connection relationship, but also an indirect connection relationship in which another component exists in the middle. may also include.
- a component when a component is said to "include” or “have” another component, it means that another component may be further included without excluding other components unless otherwise stated. .
- first, second, etc. are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another, and do not limit the order or importance between the components unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, within the scope of the present disclosure, a first component in one embodiment may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment is referred to as a first component in another embodiment. can also be called
- components that are distinguished from each other are for clearly explaining each characteristic, and do not necessarily mean that the components are separated. That is, a plurality of components may be integrated to form one hardware or software unit, or one component may be distributed to form a plurality of hardware or software units. Accordingly, even if not specifically mentioned, such integrated or dispersed embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- components described in various embodiments do not necessarily mean essential components, and some may be optional components. Accordingly, an embodiment composed of a subset of components described in one embodiment is also included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, embodiments including other components in addition to components described in various embodiments are also included in the scope of the present disclosure.
- the present disclosure relates to encoding and decoding of an image, and terms used in the present disclosure may have conventional meanings commonly used in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs unless they are newly defined in the present disclosure.
- a “picture” generally means a unit representing one image in a specific time period
- a slice/tile is a coding unit constituting a part of a picture
- one picture is one It may be composed of more than one slice/tile.
- a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs).
- pixel or “pel” may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image).
- sample may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a value of a pixel, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a “unit” may indicate a basic unit of image processing.
- the unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- a unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as “sample array”, “block” or “area” in some cases.
- the MxN block may include samples (or sample arrays) or a set (or arrays) of transform coefficients including M columns and N rows.
- current block may mean one of “current coding block”, “current coding unit”, “coding object block”, “decoding object block”, or “processing object block”.
- current block may mean “current prediction block” or “prediction target block”.
- transform inverse transform
- quantization inverse quantization
- current block may mean “current transform block” or “transform target block”.
- filtering the “current block” may mean a “filtering target block”.
- the "current block” may mean a block including both a luma component block and a chroma component block or "a luma block of the current block” unless there is an explicit description of the chroma block.
- the luma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of the luma component block, such as “luma block” or “current luma block”.
- the chroma component block of the current block may be explicitly expressed by including an explicit description of the chroma component block, such as “chroma block” or “current chroma block”.
- “/” and “,” may be interpreted as “and/or”.
- “A/B” and “A, B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”.
- “A/B/C” and “A, B, C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and/or C”.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video coding system according to this disclosure.
- a video coding system may include an encoding apparatus 10 and a decoding apparatus 20 .
- the encoding apparatus 10 may transmit encoded video and/or image information or data in the form of a file or streaming to the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the encoding apparatus 10 may include a video source generator 11 , an encoder 12 , and a transmitter 13 .
- the decoding apparatus 20 may include a receiving unit 21 , a decoding unit 22 , and a rendering unit 23 .
- the encoder 12 may be referred to as a video/image encoder, and the decoder 22 may be referred to as a video/image decoder.
- the transmitter 13 may be included in the encoder 12 .
- the receiver 21 may be included in the decoder 22 .
- the rendering unit 23 may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or external component.
- the video source generator 11 may acquire a video/image through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating the video/image.
- the video source generating unit 11 may include a video/image capturing device and/or a video/image generating device.
- a video/image capture device may include, for example, one or more cameras, a video/image archive containing previously captured video/images, and the like.
- a video/image generating device may include, for example, a computer, tablet, and smart phone, and may (electronically) generate a video/image.
- a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer, etc. In this case, the video/image capturing process may be substituted for the process of generating related data.
- the encoder 12 may encode an input video/image.
- the encoder 12 may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and encoding efficiency.
- the encoder 12 may output encoded data (encoded video/image information) in the form of a bitstream.
- the transmitter 13 may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bitstream in the form of a file or streaming to the receiver 21 of the decoding apparatus 20 through a digital storage medium or a network.
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the transmission unit 13 may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcast/communication network.
- the receiver 21 may extract/receive the bitstream from the storage medium or the network and transmit it to the decoder 22 .
- the decoder 22 may decode the video/image by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transform, and prediction corresponding to the operation of the encoder 12 .
- the rendering unit 23 may render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image encoding apparatus 100 includes an image segmentation unit 110 , a subtraction unit 115 , a transform unit 120 , a quantization unit 130 , an inverse quantization unit 140 , and an inverse transform unit ( 150 ), an adder 155 , a filtering unit 160 , a memory 170 , an inter prediction unit 180 , an intra prediction unit 185 , and an entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the inter prediction unit 180 and the intra prediction unit 185 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the transform unit 120 , the quantization unit 130 , the inverse quantization unit 140 , and the inverse transform unit 150 may be included in a residual processing unit.
- the residual processing unit may further include a subtraction unit 115 .
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image encoding apparatus 100 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, an encoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 170 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB), and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- DPB decoded picture buffer
- the image dividing unit 110 may divide an input image (or a picture, a frame) input to the image encoding apparatus 100 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be referred to as a coding unit (CU).
- Coding unit is a coding tree unit (coding tree unit, CTU) or largest coding unit (LCU) according to the QT / BT / TT (Quad-tree / binary-tree / ternary-tree) structure recursively ( can be obtained by recursively segmenting.
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a lower depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first and a binary tree structure and/or a ternary tree structure may be applied later.
- a coding procedure according to the present disclosure may be performed based on the last coding unit that is no longer divided.
- the largest coding unit may be directly used as the final coding unit, and a coding unit of a lower depth obtained by dividing the largest coding unit may be used as the final cornet unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and/or restoration, which will be described later.
- the processing unit of the coding procedure may be a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the final coding unit, respectively.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for deriving a transform coefficient and/or a unit for deriving a residual signal from the transform coefficient.
- the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185) performs prediction on a processing target block (current block), and generates a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied on a current block or CU basis.
- the prediction unit may generate various information regarding prediction of the current block and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the prediction information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the vicinity of the current block according to an intra prediction mode and/or an intra prediction technique, or may be located apart from each other.
- the intra prediction modes may include a plurality of non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include, for example, a DC mode and a planar mode (Planar mode).
- the directional mode may include, for example, 33 directional prediction modes or 65 directional prediction modes according to the granularity of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and a higher or lower number of directional prediction modes may be used according to a setting.
- the intra prediction unit 185 may determine the prediction mode applied to the current block by using the prediction mode applied to the neighboring block.
- the inter prediction unit 180 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the reference picture including the reference block and the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), or the like.
- the reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be referred to as a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter prediction unit 180 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block. can create Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit 180 may use motion information of a neighboring block as motion information of the current block. In the skip mode, unlike the merge mode, a residual signal may not be transmitted.
- a motion vector of a neighboring block is used as a motion vector predictor, and a motion vector difference and an indicator for the motion vector predictor ( indicator) to signal the motion vector of the current block.
- the motion vector difference may mean a difference between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vector predictor.
- the prediction unit may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods and/or prediction techniques to be described later. For example, the prediction unit may apply intra prediction or inter prediction for prediction of the current block, and may simultaneously apply intra prediction and inter prediction. A prediction method that simultaneously applies intra prediction and inter prediction for prediction of the current block may be referred to as combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP). Also, the prediction unit may perform intra block copy (IBC) for prediction of the current block. The intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC). IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located a predetermined distance away from the current block.
- CIIP combined inter and intra prediction
- IBC intra block copy
- the intra block copy may be used for video/video coding of content such as games, for example, screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC is a method of predicting a current block using a reconstructed reference block in a current picture located
- the position of the reference block in the current picture may be encoded as a vector (block vector) corresponding to the predetermined distance.
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this disclosure.
- the prediction signal generated by the prediction unit may be used to generate a reconstructed signal or may be used to generate a residual signal.
- the subtraction unit 115 subtracts the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit from the input image signal (original block, original sample array) to obtain a residual signal (residual signal, residual block, and residual sample array). ) can be created.
- the generated residual signal may be transmitted to the converter 120 .
- the transform unit 120 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transformation method may include at least one of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Sine Transform (DST), Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT means a transformation obtained from this graph when expressing relationship information between pixels in a graph.
- CNT refers to a transformation obtained by generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels and based thereon.
- the transformation process may be applied to a block of pixels having the same size as a square, or may be applied to a block of variable size that is not a square.
- the quantization unit 130 may quantize the transform coefficients and transmit them to the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode a quantized signal (information on quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream.
- Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as residual information.
- the quantization unit 130 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the block form into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form are quantized based on the quantized transform coefficients in the one-dimensional vector form.
- Information about the transform coefficients may be generated.
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may perform various encoding methods such as, for example, exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 190 may encode information necessary for video/image reconstruction (eg, values of syntax elements, etc.) other than the quantized transform coefficients together or separately.
- Encoded information e.g., encoded video/image information
- NAL network abstraction layer
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS). Also, the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- APS adaptation parameter set
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- VPS video parameter set
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the signaling information, transmitted information, and/or syntax elements mentioned in this disclosure may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted over a network or may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmission unit (not shown) and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 190 may be provided as internal/external elements of the image encoding apparatus 100 , or transmission The unit may be provided as a component of the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 130 may be used to generate a residual signal.
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- the adder 155 adds a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 .
- a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) by adding the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter prediction unit 180 or the intra prediction unit 185 .
- the adder 155 may be referred to as a restoration unit or a restoration block generator.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing object block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- the filtering unit 160 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 170 , specifically, the DPB of the memory 170 .
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the filtering unit 160 may generate various information regarding filtering and transmit it to the entropy encoding unit 190 as described later in the description of each filtering method.
- the filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 170 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180 .
- the image encoding apparatus 100 can avoid a prediction mismatch between the image encoding apparatus 100 and the image decoding apparatus, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB in the memory 170 may store a reconstructed picture corrected for use as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 180 .
- the memory 170 may store motion information of a block in which motion information in the current picture is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 180 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 170 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 185 .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an image decoding apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 includes an entropy decoding unit 210 , an inverse quantization unit 220 , an inverse transform unit 230 , an adder 235 , a filtering unit 240 , and a memory 250 .
- the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be included.
- the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 may be collectively referred to as a “prediction unit”.
- the inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230 may be included in the residual processing unit.
- All or at least some of the plurality of components constituting the image decoding apparatus 200 may be implemented as one hardware component (eg, a decoder or a processor) according to an embodiment.
- the memory 250 may include a DPB, and may be implemented by a digital storage medium.
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may reconstruct the image by performing a process corresponding to the process performed by the image encoding apparatus 100 of FIG. 2 .
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the image encoding apparatus.
- the processing unit of decoding may be, for example, a coding unit.
- a coding unit may be a coding tree unit or may be obtained by dividing the largest coding unit.
- the reconstructed image signal decoded and output through the image decoding apparatus 200 may be reproduced through a reproducing apparatus (not shown).
- the image decoding apparatus 200 may receive the signal output from the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream.
- the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 210 .
- the entropy decoding unit 210 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/image information may further include information about various parameter sets, such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the image decoding apparatus may additionally use the information about the parameter set and/or the general restriction information to decode the image.
- the signaling information, received information and/or syntax elements mentioned in this disclosure may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure.
- the entropy decoding unit 210 decodes information in a bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC or CABAC, and quantizes a value of a syntax element required for image reconstruction and a transform coefficient related to a residual values can be printed.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives a bin corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and receives syntax element information to be decoded and decoding information of neighboring blocks and blocks to be decoded or information of symbols/bins decoded in the previous step.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model by using the decoded symbol/bin information for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- Prediction-related information among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 is provided to the prediction unit (the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265), and the entropy decoding unit 210 performs entropy decoding. Dual values, that is, quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the inverse quantization unit 220 . Also, information on filtering among the information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 210 may be provided to the filtering unit 240 .
- a receiving unit for receiving a signal output from the image encoding apparatus may be additionally provided as an internal/external element of the image decoding apparatus 200 , or the receiving unit is provided as a component of the entropy decoding unit 210 . it might be
- the image decoding apparatus may be referred to as a video/image/picture decoding apparatus.
- the image decoding apparatus may include an information decoder (video/image/picture information decoder) and/or a sample decoder (video/image/picture sample decoder).
- the information decoder may include an entropy decoding unit 210, and the sample decoder includes an inverse quantizer 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an adder 235, a filtering unit 240, a memory 250, At least one of an inter prediction unit 260 and an intra prediction unit 265 may be included.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may inverse quantize the quantized transform coefficients to output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in a two-dimensional block form. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on a coefficient scan order performed by the image encoding apparatus.
- the inverse quantizer 220 may perform inverse quantization on the quantized transform coefficients using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- the inverse transform unit 230 may inverse transform the transform coefficients to obtain a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array).
- the prediction unit may perform prediction on the current block and generate a predicted block including prediction samples for the current block.
- the prediction unit may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the prediction information output from the entropy decoding unit 210, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode (prediction technique).
- the intra prediction unit 265 may predict the current block with reference to samples in the current picture.
- the description of the intra prediction unit 185 may be equally applied to the intra prediction unit 265 .
- the inter prediction unit 260 may derive the predicted block for the current block based on the reference block (reference sample array) specified by the motion vector on the reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on the correlation between motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.) information.
- the neighboring blocks may include spatial neighboring blocks existing in the current picture and temporal neighboring blocks present in the reference picture.
- the inter prediction unit 260 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and derive a motion vector and/or a reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information.
- Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes (techniques), and the prediction information may include information indicating a mode (technique) of inter prediction for the current block.
- the adder 235 restores the obtained residual signal by adding it to the prediction signal (predicted block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 260 and/or the intra prediction unit 265 ).
- a signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) may be generated.
- the predicted block may be used as a reconstructed block.
- the description of the adder 155 may be equally applied to the adder 235 .
- the addition unit 235 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next processing object block in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described below.
- the filtering unit 240 may improve subjective/objective image quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 240 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 250 , specifically, the memory 250 . It can be stored in DPB.
- the various filtering methods may include, for example, deblocking filtering, a sample adaptive offset, an adaptive loop filter, a bilateral filter, and the like.
- the (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 250 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 260 .
- the memory 250 may store motion information of a block in which motion information in the current picture is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in an already reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 250 may store reconstructed samples of blocks reconstructed in the current picture, and may transmit the reconstructed samples to the intra prediction unit 265 .
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit 160, the inter prediction unit 180, and the intra prediction unit 185 of the image encoding apparatus 100 include the filtering unit 240 of the image decoding apparatus 200, The same or corresponding application may be applied to the inter prediction unit 260 and the intra prediction unit 265 .
- pictures constituting the video/video may be encoded/decoded according to a series of decoding orders.
- a picture order corresponding to an output order of decoded pictures may be set different from the decoding order, and based on this, not only forward prediction but also backward prediction may be performed during inter prediction based on this.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a schematic picture decoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- step S410 may be performed by the entropy decoding unit 210
- step S420 may be performed by a prediction unit including the intra prediction unit 265 and the inter prediction unit 260
- Step S430 may be performed by the residual processing unit including the inverse quantization unit 220 and the inverse transform unit 230
- step S440 may be performed by the adder 235
- step S450 may be performed by the filtering unit 240 . can be performed.
- Step S410 may include the information decoding procedure described in this disclosure
- step S420 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S430 may include the residual processing procedure described in this disclosure
- step S440 may include the block/picture reconstruction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S450 may include the in-loop filtering procedure described in this disclosure.
- the picture decoding procedure schematically as shown in the description for FIG. 3 (through decoding) image / video information acquisition procedure (S410), picture restoration procedure (S420 ⁇ S440) and reconstructed from the bitstream It may include an in-loop filtering procedure (S450) for the picture.
- the picture restoration procedure is based on prediction samples and residual samples obtained through the inter/intra prediction (S420) and residual processing (S430, inverse quantization and inverse transformation of quantized transform coefficients) described in the present disclosure. can be performed.
- a modified reconstructed picture may be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure for the reconstructed picture generated through the picture reconstruction procedure, and the modified reconstructed picture may be output as a decoded picture, and It may be stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 250 and used as a reference picture in an inter prediction procedure when decoding a picture thereafter.
- the in-loop filtering procedure may be omitted, and in this case, the reconstructed picture may be output as a decoded picture, and is stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 250 of the decoding apparatus and interpolated during decoding of a subsequent picture. It may be used as a reference picture in the prediction procedure.
- the in-loop filtering procedure may include a deblocking filtering procedure, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) procedure, an adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure, and/or a bi-lateral filter procedure as described above. may be, and some or all of them may be omitted.
- one or some of the deblocking filtering procedure, the sample adaptive offset (SAO) procedure, the adaptive loop filter (ALF) procedure, and the bi-lateral filter procedure may be sequentially applied, or all are sequential may be applied as
- the SAO procedure may be performed.
- the ALF procedure may be performed. This may also be performed in the encoding apparatus.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a schematic picture encoding procedure to which embodiment(s) of the present disclosure is applicable.
- step S510 may be performed by a prediction unit including the intra prediction unit 185 or the inter prediction unit 180
- step S520 includes the transform unit 120 and/or the quantization unit 130 .
- This may be performed by the residual processing unit
- step S530 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- Step S510 may include the inter/intra prediction procedure described in this disclosure
- step S520 may include the residual processing procedure described in this disclosure
- step S530 may include the information encoding procedure described in this disclosure. can do.
- the picture encoding procedure schematically encodes information for picture restoration (eg, prediction information, residual information, partitioning information, etc.) as shown in the description for FIG. 2 and outputs it in the form of a bitstream.
- information for picture restoration eg, prediction information, residual information, partitioning information, etc.
- a procedure for generating a reconstructed picture for the current picture and a procedure for applying in-loop filtering to the reconstructed picture may be included (optional).
- the encoding apparatus may derive (corrected) residual samples from the quantized transform coefficients through the inverse quantization unit 140 and the inverse transform unit 150 , and the prediction samples output from step S510 and the (modified) ledger.
- a reconstructed picture may be generated based on the dual samples.
- the reconstructed picture thus generated may be the same as the reconstructed picture generated by the above-described decoding apparatus.
- a modified reconstructed picture may be generated through an in-loop filtering procedure for the reconstructed picture, which may be stored in the decoded picture buffer or memory 170, and, as in the case of the decoding apparatus, interpolation during encoding of the picture thereafter. It can be used as a reference picture in the prediction procedure. As described above, some or all of the in-loop filtering procedure may be omitted in some cases.
- (in-loop) filtering-related information may be encoded by the entropy encoding unit 190 and output in the form of a bitstream, and the decoding apparatus encodes based on the filtering-related information
- the in-loop filtering procedure can be performed in the same way as the device.
- noise generated during video/video coding such as blocking artifacts and ringing artifacts
- the encoding apparatus and the decoding apparatus can derive the same prediction result, increase the reliability of picture coding, and reduce the amount of data to be transmitted for picture coding can be reduced
- the picture restoration procedure may be performed not only in the decoding apparatus but also in the encoding apparatus.
- a reconstructed block may be generated based on intra prediction/inter prediction for each block, and a reconstructed picture including the reconstructed blocks may be generated.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is an I picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based on only intra prediction.
- the current picture/slice/tile group is a P or B picture/slice/tile group
- blocks included in the current picture/slice/tile group may be reconstructed based on intra prediction or inter prediction.
- inter prediction may be applied to some blocks in the current picture/slice/tile group
- intra prediction may be applied to some remaining blocks.
- a color component of a picture may include a luma component and a chroma component, and the methods and embodiments proposed in the present disclosure may be applied to the luma component and the chroma component unless explicitly limited in the present disclosure.
- the coded video/image according to the present disclosure may be processed according to, for example, a coding layer and structure to be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hierarchical structure for a coded image/video.
- the coded video/video exists between the video coding layer (VCL) that handles the decoding process of video/video itself and itself, the subsystem that transmits and stores the coded information, and the VCL and the subsystem, and the network adaptation It can be divided into a network abstraction layer (NAL) in charge of a function.
- VCL video coding layer
- NAL network abstraction layer
- VCL data including compressed video data is generated, or picture parameter set (PPS), sequence parameter set (SPS), video parameter set (Video Parameter Set: A supplemental enhancement information (SEI) message additionally necessary for a parameter set including information such as VPS) or an image decoding process may be generated.
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
- a NAL unit may be generated by adding header information (NAL unit header) to a raw byte sequence payload (RBSP) generated in the VCL.
- the RBSP refers to slice data, parameter sets, SEI messages, etc. generated in the VCL.
- the NAL unit header may include NAL unit type information specified according to RBSP data included in the corresponding NAL unit.
- the NAL unit may be divided into a VCL NAL unit and a Non-VCL NAL unit according to the type of RBSP generated in the VCL.
- a VCL NAL unit may mean a NAL unit including information (slice data) about an image
- the Non-VCL NAL unit is a NAL unit containing information (parameter set or SEI message) necessary for decoding an image.
- VCL NAL unit and Non-VCL NAL unit may be transmitted through a network by attaching header information according to a data standard of a subsystem.
- the NAL unit may be transformed into a data form of a predetermined standard such as H.266/VVC file format, Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP), Transport Stream (TS), and transmitted through various networks.
- RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
- TS Transport Stream
- the NAL unit type may be specified according to the RBSP data structure included in the corresponding NAL unit, and information on the NAL unit type may be stored and signaled in the NAL unit header.
- the NAL unit may be largely classified into a VCL NAL unit type and a Non-VCL NAL unit type according to whether or not the NAL unit includes image information (slice data).
- the VCL NAL unit type may be classified according to properties and types of pictures included in the VCL NAL unit, and the Non-VCL NAL unit type may be classified according to the type of a parameter set.
- NAL unit type specified according to the parameter set/information type included in the Non-VCL NAL unit type is listed below.
- NAL unit type Type for NAL unit including DCI
- VPS Video Parameter Set
- NAL unit including APS
- NUT a type for a NAL unit including a picture header
- NAL unit types have syntax information for the NAL unit type, and the syntax information may be stored and signaled in a NAL unit header.
- the syntax information may be nal_unit_type, and NAL unit types may be specified using a nal_unit_type value.
- one picture may include a plurality of slices, and one slice may include a slice header and slice data.
- one picture header may be further added to a plurality of slices (a slice header and a slice data set) in one picture.
- the picture header may include information/parameters commonly applicable to the picture.
- the slice header may include information/parameters commonly applicable to the slice.
- the APS APS syntax
- PPS PPS syntax
- the SPS SPS syntax
- the VPS may include information/parameters commonly applicable to multiple layers.
- the DCI may include information/parameters related to decoding capability.
- high level syntax may include at least one of the APS syntax, PPS syntax, SPS syntax, VPS syntax, DCI syntax, picture header syntax, and slice header syntax.
- low level syntax may include, for example, slice data syntax, CTU syntax, coding unit syntax, transformation unit syntax, and the like.
- the image/video information encoded by the encoding apparatus to the decoding apparatus and signaled in the form of a bitstream includes intra-picture partitioning-related information, intra/inter prediction information, residual information, in-loop filtering information, and the like.
- the video/video information may further include general constraint information and/or information of a NAL unit header.
- the VCL NAL unit may include slice data as a raw byte sequence payload (RBSP).
- Slice data is arranged in units of bytes within a VCL NAL unit, and may include one or more subsets. At least one entry point for random access (RA) may be defined for the subsets, and parallel processing may be performed based on the entry point.
- RA random access
- the VVC standard supports wavefront parallel processing (WPP), which is one of various parallel processing techniques.
- WPP wavefront parallel processing
- a plurality of slices in a picture may be encoded/decoded in parallel based on WPP.
- entry point information may be signaled.
- the image decoding apparatus may directly access the start point of the data segment included in the NAL unit based on the entry point information.
- the starting point of the data segment may mean a starting point of tiles in a slice or a starting point of CTU rows in a slice.
- Entry point information may be signaled in higher level syntax, for example, a picture parameter set (PPS) and/or a slice header.
- PPS picture parameter set
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a picture parameter set (PPS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a slice header according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the picture parameter set may include entry_point_offsets_present_flag as a syntax element indicating whether entry point information is signaled.
- entry_point_offsets_present_flag may indicate whether signaling of entry point information exists in a slice header referring to a picture parameter set (PPS). For example, entry_point_offsets_present_flag having a first value (e.g., 0) may indicate that signaling of entry point information for specific CTU rows in a tile or tile does not exist in the slice header. Alternatively, entry_point_offsets_present_flag having a second value (e.g., 1) may indicate that signaling of entry point information for a tile or specific CTU rows within a tile is present in the slice header.
- PPS picture parameter set
- FIG. 7 illustrates a case in which entry_point_offsets_present_flag is included in the picture parameter set (PPS), this is an example and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
- entry_point_offsets_present_flag may be included in a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- the slice header may include offset_len_minus1 and entry_point_offset_minus1[ i ] as syntax elements for identifying an entry point.
- offset_len_minus1 may represent a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the bit length of entry_point_offset_minus1[ i ].
- the value of offset_len_minus1 may have a range of 0 or more and 31 or less.
- offset_len_minus1 may be signaled based on a variable NumEntryPoints indicating the total number of entry points. For example, offset_len_minus1 may be signaled only when NumEntryPoints is greater than 0.
- offset_len_minus1 may be signaled based on the entry_point_offsets_present_flag described above with reference to FIG. 7 . For example, offset_len_minus1 may be signaled only when entry_point_offsets_present_flag has a second value (e.g., 1) (ie, when signaling of entry point information exists in the slice header).
- entry_point_offset_minus1[ i ] may represent the i-th entry point offset in units of bytes, and may be expressed by adding 1 bit to offset_len_minus1.
- Slice data in the NAL unit may include the same number of subsets as NumEntryPoints plus 1, and an index value indicating each of the subsets may have a range of 0 or more and NumEntryPoints or less.
- the first byte of slice data in the NAL unit may be expressed as byte 0.
- emulation prevention bytes included in slice data in the NAL unit may be counted as a part of slice data for subset identification.
- Subset 0, which is the first subset of slice data may have a configuration from byte 0 to entry_point_offset_minus1[ 0 ].
- subset k which is the k-th subset of slice data, may have a configuration from firstByte[ k ] to lastByte[ k ].
- firstByte[ k ] may be derived as shown in Equation 1 below
- lastByte[ k ] may be derived as shown in Equation 2 below.
- Equations 1 and 2 k is greater than or equal to 1 and may have a range of values obtained by subtracting 1 from NumEntryPoints.
- the last subset of slice data (ie, the NumEntryPoints-th subset) may be composed of remaining bytes of slice data.
- each subset of slice data may consist of all coded bits for all CTUs in the same tile.
- the total number of subsets of slice data may be equal to the total number of tiles in the slice.
- NumEntryPoints may be 0.
- one subset of slice data may consist of all coded bits for all CTUs in the slice.
- each subset may consist of all coded bits for all CTUs of one CTU row in one tile.
- the total number of subsets of slice data may be equal to the total number of CTU rows for each tile in the slice.
- one NAL unit type may be configured for one picture.
- the syntax information indicating the NAL unit type may be stored and signaled in the NAL unit header in the NAL unit.
- the syntax information may be nal_unit_type, and NAL unit types may be specified using a nal_unit_type value.
- NAL unit types to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied is shown in Table 1 below.
- NAL unit type class 0 TRAIL_NUT Coded slice of a trailing picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) VCL
- VCL_6 Reserved non-IRAP VCL NAL unit types VCL 7 8 IDR_W_RADL IDR_N_LP Coded slice of an IDR picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) VCL 9 CRA_NUT Coded slice of a CRA picture silce_layer_rbsp() VCL 10 GDR_NUT Coded slice of a GDR picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) VCL 11 12 RSV_IRAP_11 RSV_IRAP_12 Reserved IRAP VCL NAL unit types VCL 13 DCI_NUT Decoding capability information decoding_capability_information_rbsp() non-VCL 14 VPS_NUT Video parameter set video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) non-VCL 15 SPS_NUT Sequence parameter set seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) non-VCL 16 PPS_NUT Picture parameter set pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) non-VCL 17 18 PRE
- the VCL NAL unit types may be classified into No. 0 to No. 12 NAL unit types according to the properties and types of pictures.
- the non-VCL NAL unit type may be classified into No. 13 to No. 31 NAL unit types according to the type of parameter set.
- VCL NAL unit type Specific examples of the VCL NAL unit type are as follows.
- NAL unit type (Intra Random Access Point): The type for the NAL unit of the IRAP picture, set in the range of IDR_W_RADL to CRA_NUT.
- IDR_W_RADL The type for the NAL unit of the IDR picture, set to IDR_W_RADL or IDR_N_LP.
- -CRA (Clean Random Access) NUT The type for the NAL unit of the CRA picture, set to CRA_NUT.
- RADL_NUT A type for the NAL unit of a RADL picture, set to RADL_NUT.
- RASL_NUT Random Access Skipped Leading
- Trailing NUT The type for the NAL unit of the trailing picture, set to TRAIL_NUT.
- -GDR (Gradual Decoding Refresh) NUT The type for the NAL unit of the GDR picture, set to GDR_NUT.
- Step-wise Temporal Sublayer Access NUT The type for the NAL unit of the STSA picture, set to STSA_NUT.
- the VVC standard allows one picture to include a plurality of slices having different NAL unit types.
- one picture may include at least one first slice having a first NAL unit type and at least one second slice having a second NAL unit type different from the first NAL unit type.
- the NAL unit type of the picture may be referred to as a mixed NAL unit type.
- the VVC standard supports the hybrid NAL unit type, a plurality of pictures may be more easily reconstructed/combined in a content synthesis process, an encoding/decoding process, and the like.
- a picture having a hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT may be treated as a RASL picture.
- the IRAP picture associated with the RASL picture is the first picture or the first IRAP picture in decoding order, the output process of the RASL picture may be skipped.
- the decoding process of the RASL picture may be performed, and the RASL picture may be used as a reference picture for inter prediction of the RADL picture under a predetermined reference condition.
- the picture may include a plurality of subpictures having different NAL unit types.
- the picture may include at least one first subpicture having a first NAL unit type and at least one second subpicture having a second NAL unit type.
- a subpicture may include one or more slices, and may constitute a rectangular region within the picture.
- the size of each of the subpictures in the picture may be set differently. Alternatively, with respect to all pictures belonging to one sequence, the sizes and positions of specific individual subpictures may be set to be equal to each other.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subpicture.
- one picture may be divided into 18 tiles. Twelve tiles may be disposed on the left side of the picture, and each of the tiles may include one slice composed of 4x4 CTUs. In addition, six tiles may be disposed on the right side of the picture, and each of the tiles may include two slices each configured of 2x2 CTUs and stacked in a vertical direction. Consequently, the picture may include 24 subpictures and 24 slices, and each of the subpictures may include one slice.
- each subpicture in one picture may be treated as one picture to support the hybrid NAL unit type.
- the subpicture can be independently encoded/decoded regardless of encoding/decoding results of other subpictures.
- independent encoding/decoding means a subpicture having a different block division structure (eg, single tree structure, dual tree structure, etc.), prediction mode type (eg, intra prediction, inter prediction, etc.), decoding order, etc. of the subpicture.
- the second subpicture adjacent to the first subpicture and treated as one picture is to be encoded/decoded based on the inter prediction mode.
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] indicating whether the current subpicture is treated as one picture may be signaled through a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- SPS sequence parameter set
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may have a second value (e.g., 1).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a picture having a hybrid NAL unit type.
- one picture 1000 may include first to third subpictures 1010 to 1030 .
- Each of the first and third subpictures 1010 and 1030 may include two slices.
- the second subpicture 1020 may include 4 slices.
- the first to third subpictures 1010 to 1030 are each independently coded to configure different bitstreams.
- the encoded slice data of the first subpicture 1010 may be encapsulated into one or more NAL units having a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT to configure a first bitstream (Bitstream 1).
- the encoded slice data of the second subpicture 1020 may be encapsulated into one or more NAL units having a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT to configure a second bitstream (Bitstream 2).
- the encoded slice data of the third subpicture 1030 may be encapsulated into one or more NAL units having a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT to configure a third bitstream (Bitstream 3).
- RASL_NUT a NAL unit type
- RADL_NUT a hybrid NAL unit type in which RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT are mixed.
- all slices included in each subpicture in a picture may be restricted to have the same NAL unit type.
- both slices included in the first subpicture 1010 may have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT.
- all four slices included in the second subpicture 1020 may have the same NAL unit type as RADL_NUT.
- both slices included in the third subpicture 1030 may have the same NAL unit type as RASL_NUT.
- Information about the hybrid NAL unit type and information about picture splitting may be signaled in higher-level syntax, for example, a picture parameter set (PPS) and/or a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a picture parameter set (PPS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence parameter set (SPS) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a picture parameter set may include mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag as a syntax element for a mixed NAL unit type.
- mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag may indicate whether the current picture has a mixed NAL unit type.
- mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag having a first value may indicate that the current picture does not have a mixed NAL unit type.
- the current picture may have the same NAL unit type for all VCL NAL units, for example, the same NAL unit type as coded slice NAL units.
- mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag having a second value (e.g., 1) may indicate that the current picture has a mixed NAL unit type.
- the VCL NAL unit of the current picture may be limited not to have a NAL unit type such as GDR_NUT.
- the VCL NAL unit of the current picture may be limited not to have a NAL unit type such as GDR_NUT.
- any one VCL NAL unit of the current picture has a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP or CRA_NUT
- all other VCL NAL units of the current picture have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, CRA_NUT or TRAIL_NUT. may be limited.
- each subpicture in the current picture may have any one of the VCL NAL unit types described above with reference to Table 1.
- the subpicture may have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL or IDR_N_LP.
- the subpicture may have a NAL unit type such as TRAIL_NUT.
- the mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag having the second value may indicate that pictures referring to the picture parameter set (PPS) may include slices having different NAL unit types.
- the pictures may originate from a subpicture bitstream merging operation in which the encoder must ensure matching of the bitstream structure and alignment between parameters of the original bitstreams.
- the current picture may be limited not to include slices of a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL or IDR_N_LP.
- mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag may have a first value (eg, 0). have.
- the picture parameter set may include no_pic_partition_flag as a syntax element for picture partitioning.
- the picture parameter set may include num_subpics_minus1 as a syntax element indicating the number of subpictures.
- PPS picture parameter set
- SPS sequence parameter set
- the sequence parameter set may include subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] as a syntax element related to handling of a subpicture during encoding/decoding.
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may indicate whether each subpicture in the current picture is treated as one picture. For example, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] of the first value (e.g., 0) may indicate that the i-th subpicture in the current picture is not treated as one picture. Alternatively, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] of the second value (e.g., 1) may indicate that the i-th subpicture in the current picture is treated as one picture in the encoding/decoding process except for the in-loop filtering operation. If subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] is not signaled, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may be inferred to have a second value (e.g., 1).
- NAL unit types according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail for each picture type.
- An IRAP picture is a picture that can be accessed randomly, and may have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, or CRA_NUT as described above with reference to Table 1.
- the IRAP picture may not refer to pictures other than the IRAP picture for inter prediction in the decoding process.
- the IRAP picture may include an instantaneous decoding refresh (IDR) picture and a clean random access (CRA) picture.
- the first picture in the bitstream may be limited to IRAP pictures or Gradual Decoding Refresh (GDR) pictures.
- GDR Gradual Decoding Refresh
- an IRAP picture may not have a hybrid NAL unit type. That is, the mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag described above for the IRAP picture may have a first value (e.g., 0), and all slices in the IRAP picture may have the same NAL unit type in the range of IDR_W_RADL to CRA_NUT. As a result, when the first slice received from a predetermined picture has a NAL unit type ranging from IDR_W_RADL to CRA_NUT, the picture may be determined as an IRAP picture.
- the mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag described above for the IRAP picture may have a first value (e.g., 0)
- all slices in the IRAP picture may have the same NAL unit type in the range of IDR_W_RADL to CRA_NUT.
- the CRA picture is one of the IRAP pictures, and as described above with reference to Table 1, may have a NAL unit type such as CRA_NUT.
- the CRA picture may not refer to pictures other than the CRA picture for inter prediction in the decoding process.
- the CRA picture may be the first picture in the bitstream in decoding order, or may be the first and subsequent pictures.
- a CRA picture may be associated with RADL or RASL pictures.
- NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag When NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag has a second value (eg, 1) for a CRA picture, the RASL pictures associated with the CRA picture cannot be decoded because they refer to pictures that do not exist in the bitstream, and as a result, they are not output by the image decoding apparatus. may not be
- NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag may indicate whether pictures preceding a recovery point picture in decoding order are output before the recovery point picture. For example, NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag having a first value (e.g., 0) may indicate that pictures preceding the recovery point picture in decoding order may be output before the recovery point picture.
- the CRA picture may not be the first picture in the bitstream or the first picture that follows the End Of Sequence (EOS) NAL unit in decoding order, which may mean a case in which random access does not occur.
- NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag having the second value (e.g., 1) may indicate that pictures preceding the recovery point picture in decoding order cannot be output before the recovery point picture.
- the CRA picture may be the first picture in the bitstream or the first picture that follows the EOS NAL unit in decoding order, which may mean a case in which random access occurs.
- NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag may be referred to as NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag according to embodiments.
- the picture unit (PU) may refer to a NAL unit set including a plurality of NAL units that are correlated according to a predetermined classification rule for one coded picture and are continuous in decoding order.
- the IDR picture is one of the IRAP pictures, and as described above with reference to Table 1, may have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL or IDR_N_LP.
- the IDR picture may not refer to pictures other than the IDR picture for inter prediction in the decoding process.
- the IDR picture may be the first picture in the bitstream in decoding order, or the picture after the first.
- Each IDR picture may be a first picture of a coded video sequence (CVS) in decoding order.
- CVS coded video sequence
- an IDR picture may have associated RADL pictures.
- the IDR picture may not have associated leading pictures.
- IDR pictures may not be associated with RASL pictures.
- Reference picture list 0 eg, RefPicList[ 0 ]
- reference picture list 1 eg, RefPicList[ 1 ]
- the RADL picture is one of the leading pictures, and may have a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT as described above with reference to Table 1.
- the RADL picture may not be used as a reference picture in the decoding process of a trailing picture associated with the same IRAP picture as the RADL picture.
- field_seq_flag has a first value (e.g., 0) for a RADL picture
- the RADL picture may precede all non-leading pictures with the same IRAP picture in decoding order.
- field_seq_flag may indicate whether a coded layer video sequence (CLVS) conveys a picture indicating fields or a picture indicating frames.
- CLVS coded layer video sequence
- field_seq_flag having a first value e.g., 0
- field_seq_flag having a second value e.g., 1
- CLVS coded layer video sequence
- the RASL picture is one of the leading pictures, and may have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT as described above with reference to Table 1.
- all RASL pictures may be leading pictures of the associated CRA picture.
- NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag has a second value (eg, 1) for the CRA picture
- the RASL pictures cannot be decoded because they refer to pictures that do not exist in the bitstream, and as a result, they may not be output by the image decoding apparatus. .
- the RASL picture may not be used as a reference picture in the decoding process of non-RASL pictures. However, when there is a RADL picture that belongs to the same layer as the RASL picture and is associated with the same CRA picture, the RASL picture is a collocated reference picture for inter prediction of the RADL subpicture included in the RADL picture. can be used
- field_seq_flag When field_seq_flag has a first value (e.g., 0) for a RASL picture, the RASL picture may precede all non-leading pictures of the CRA picture associated with the RASL picture in decoding order.
- a trailing picture is a non-IRAP picture that follows an associated IRAP picture or a GDR picture in output order, and may not be an STSA picture. Also, the trailing picture may follow in decoding order with respect to the associated IRAP picture. That is, trailing pictures that follow in output order but precede in decoding order with respect to the associated IRAP picture are not allowed.
- a GDR picture is a picture that can be accessed randomly, and as described above with reference to Table 1, may have a NAL unit type such as GDR_NUT.
- the STSA picture is a picture that can be accessed randomly, and as described above with reference to Table 1, may have a NAL unit type such as STSA_NUT.
- the STSA picture may not refer to pictures having the same TemporalId as STSA for inter prediction.
- TemporalId may be an identifier indicating temporal hierarchy, for example, a temporal sublayer in scalable video coding.
- STSA pictures may be constrained to have TemporalId greater than zero.
- the STSA picture may activate up-switching from an immediately lower sublayer of the current sublayer to which the STSA picture belongs to the current sublayer.
- 13 is a diagram for explaining a process of configuring a hybrid NAL unit type through subpicture bitstream merging.
- Bitstream 1 to Bitstream 3 may be generated for each of a plurality of subpictures included in one picture.
- a first bitstream (Bitstream 1) is generated for the first subpicture
- a second bitstream (Bitstream) is generated for the second subpicture. 2)
- a third bitstream (Bitstream 3) may be generated for the third subpicture.
- each bitstream individually generated for each subpicture may be referred to as a subpicture bitstream.
- all coded slices may be constrained to have the same NAL unit type. Accordingly, all VCL NAL units included in one subpicture bitstream may have the same NAL unit type. For example, all VCL NAL units included in the first bitstream (Bitstream 1) have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT, and all VCL NAL units included in the second bitstream (Bitstream 2) are NAL units such as RADL_NUT type, and all VCL NAL units included in the third bitstream (Bitstream 3) may have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT.
- a plurality of subpictures included in the current picture may be merged in an image decoding process. That is, a plurality of subpicture bitstreams corresponding to the plurality of subpictures may be merged into one single bitstream, and a current picture may be decoded based on the single bitstream.
- whether the current picture has a hybrid NAL unit type may be determined based on whether a plurality of merged subpicture bitstreams have different NAL unit types. For example, when the first to third bitstreams (Bitstream 1 to Bitstream 3) are merged to form one single bitstream, the current picture may have a hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT. On the other hand, when the first bitstream (Bitstream 1) and the third bitstream (Bitstream 3) are merged to form one single bitstream, the current picture may have a non-hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for describing a decoding order and an output order for each picture type.
- a plurality of pictures may be divided into I pictures, P pictures, or B pictures according to a prediction method.
- I picture means a picture to which only intra prediction can be applied, and can be decoded without referring to other pictures.
- the I picture may be referred to as an intra picture and may include the aforementioned IRAP picture.
- a P picture means a picture to which intra prediction and unidirectional inter prediction can be applied, and may be decoded with reference to another picture.
- a B picture means a picture to which intra prediction and bidirectional/unidirectional inter prediction can be applied, and may be decoded with reference to one or two other pictures.
- the P picture and the B picture may be referred to as an inter picture, and may include the above-described RADL picture, RASL picture, and trailing picture.
- the inter picture may be further divided into a leading picture (LP) or a non-leading picture (NLP) according to a decoding order and an output order.
- the leading picture means a picture that follows the IRAP picture in decoding order and precedes the IRAP picture in output order, and may include the aforementioned RADL picture and RASL picture.
- the non-leading picture means a picture that follows the IRAP picture in decoding order and output order, and may include the above-described trailing picture.
- each picture name may indicate the picture type described above.
- pictures I5 may be I pictures
- pictures B0, B2, B3, B4 and B6 may be B pictures
- pictures P1 and P7 may be P pictures.
- each arrow may indicate a reference direction between pictures.
- picture B0 may be decoded with reference to picture P1.
- picture I5 may be an IRAP picture, for example, a CRA picture.
- the I5 picture may be the first picture in decoding order.
- the B0 and P1 pictures are pictures that precede the I5 picture in decoding order, and may constitute a separate video sequence from the I5 picture.
- the B2, B3, B4, B6, and P7 pictures are pictures that follow the I5 picture in decoding order, and may constitute one video sequence together with the I5 picture.
- B2, B3, and B4 pictures follow the I5 picture in decoding order and precede the I5 picture in output order, so they can be classified as leading pictures.
- the B2 picture may be decoded with reference to the P1 picture preceding the I5 picture in decoding order. Accordingly, when random access to the I5 picture occurs, the B2 picture cannot be correctly decoded because it refers to the P1 picture that does not exist in the bitstream.
- a picture type such as a B2 picture may be referred to as a RASL picture.
- picture B3 may be decoded with reference to picture I5 preceding picture B3 in decoding order. Accordingly, when random access to the I5 picture occurs, the B3 picture can be correctly decoded with reference to the pre-decoded I5 picture.
- picture B4 may be decoded with reference to picture I5 and picture B3 that precede picture B4 in decoding order. Accordingly, when random access to the I5 picture occurs, the B4 picture can be correctly decoded with reference to the pre-decoded I5 picture and the B3 picture.
- a picture type such as B3 and B4 pictures may be referred to as a RADL picture.
- the B6 and P7 pictures follow the I5 picture in decoding order and output order, and thus may be classified as non-leading pictures.
- Picture B6 may be decoded with reference to picture I5 and picture P7 that precede in decoding order. Accordingly, when random access to the I5 picture occurs, the B6 picture can be correctly decoded with reference to the pre-decoded I5 picture and the P7 picture.
- the decoding process and the output process may be performed in different orders based on the picture type. For example, if one video sequence includes an IRAP picture, a leading picture, and a non-leading picture, the decoding process proceeds in the order of the IRAP picture, the leading picture, and the normal picture, but the output process is performed with the leading picture, the IRAP picture and the It may proceed in the order of normal pictures.
- 15A and 15B are diagrams for explaining a type of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a RASL picture may have a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT. That is, when all VCL NAL units in the bitstream have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT, a picture corresponding to the bitstream may be determined as a RASL picture.
- a RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT may be referred to as a pure-RASL picture.
- a RASL picture may have a hybrid NAL unit type of RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT. Referring to FIG. 15B , even when all VCL NAL units in a bitstream have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT or RADL_NUT, a picture corresponding to the bitstream may be treated as a RASL picture.
- a RASL picture having a mixed NAL unit type of RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT may be referred to as a mixed-RASL picture.
- the RASL picture may include a pure-RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT (see FIG. 15A ) and a mixed-RASL picture having a mixed NAL unit type of RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT (see FIG. 15B ).
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams for explaining handling of a RASL picture during random access. Specifically, FIG. 16A shows a case of a pure-RASL picture, and FIG. 16B shows a case of a mixed-RASL picture.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B a basic configuration of a plurality of pictures, for example, a picture type and number, is the same as described above with reference to FIG. 14 , and a redundant description thereof will be omitted.
- both the decoding process and the output process for the pure-RASL picture may be skipped.
- the pure-RASL picture cannot be used as a reference picture for inter prediction.
- the B2 picture may be a pure-RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT.
- Picture B2 is associated with picture I5, which is an IRAP picture, and may be decoded with reference to picture P1 that precedes picture I5 in decoding order. Accordingly, when picture I5 is the starting point of random access, both the decoding process and output process for picture B2 may be skipped, and picture B2 cannot be referenced by other pictures.
- the IRAP picture associated with the mixed-RASL picture is the starting point of the decoding process or random access, or is the first IRAP picture in the decoding order
- only the output process for the mixed-RASL picture may be skipped. That is, a decoding process may be performed on the mixed-RASL picture, and as a result, the mixed-RASL picture may be used as a reference picture for inter prediction.
- picture B2 may be a mixed-RASL picture having a mixed NAL unit type of RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT.
- Picture B2 is associated with picture I5, which is an IRAP picture, and the first VCL NAL units having RADL_NUT in picture B2 may be decoded without referring to picture P1 preceding picture I5 in decoding order. Accordingly, when picture I5 is the starting point of random access, a decoding process for picture B2 may be performed, and picture B2 may be referenced by another picture, for example, picture B4.
- the decoding process for the B2 picture cannot guarantee a correct decoding result for the second VCL NAL units. Accordingly, when picture I5 is the starting point of random access, the output process for picture B2 may be skipped.
- the output process of the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture is whether the RASL picture is a pure-RASL picture or a mixed-RASL picture can be skipped regardless.
- whether the IRAP picture is the starting point of the decoding process or random access or the first IRAP picture in the decoding order may be determined based on the above-described NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag (or NoOutputBeforeRecoveryFlag). For example, when NoIncorrectPicOutputFlag has a first value (e.g., 0), the IRAP picture may not be the starting point or the first IRAP picture.
- the output process for the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may not be skipped.
- the IRAP picture may be the starting point or the first IRAP picture. In this case, the output process for the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be skipped.
- the decoding process of the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be skipped only when the RASL picture is a pure-RASL picture.
- the pure-RASL picture associated with the first IRAP picture in decoding order may be excluded from the decoding process.
- 17 is a flowchart illustrating a decoding process and an outputting process of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the decoding process and output process of FIG. 17 may be performed by the image decoding apparatus of FIG. 3 .
- the decoding process may be performed by at least one processor of the image decoding apparatus, and the output process may be performed through an output interface of the image decoding apparatus under the control of the processor.
- the image decoding apparatus may determine whether an IRAP picture in a current video sequence is a first picture in decoding order (e.g., a starting point of a decoding process or random access) (S1710).
- a first picture in decoding order e.g., a starting point of a decoding process or random access
- the image decoding apparatus may perform a general decoding process and output process on the current picture (S1720). For example, when the current picture is a leading picture, the current picture is decoded later than the IRAP picture, but may be output before the IRAP picture. On the other hand, if the current picture is a non-leading picture, the current picture may be decoded later than the IRAP picture and output later.
- the image decoding apparatus may determine whether the current picture is a RASL picture (S1730).
- the image decoding apparatus may perform the above-described general decoding and outputting processes for the current picture (S1720).
- the image decoding apparatus may determine whether the current picture has a hybrid NAL unit type (S1740).
- the image decoding apparatus may skip both the decoding process and the outputting process for the current picture.
- a pure-RASL picture may be decoded with reference to another picture preceding the IRAP picture in decoding order.
- the pure-RASL picture cannot be decoded correctly. Accordingly, in this case, both the decoding process and the outputting process for the pure-RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be skipped.
- the image decoding apparatus may skip only the output process for the current picture ( S1760).
- the first subpicture may be decoded without referring to another picture preceding the IRAP picture in decoding order.
- the decoding process for the mixed-RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be performed.
- the mixed-RASL picture may further include at least one second subpicture having a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT.
- the second subpicture may be decoded with reference to another picture preceding the IRAP picture in decoding order, similarly to the pure-RASL picture.
- the output process for the mixed-RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be skipped.
- the output process of the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture is mixed whether the RASL picture is a pure-RASL picture or not. - Can be skipped regardless of whether it is a RASL picture.
- the decoding process of the RASL picture associated with the IRAP picture may be skipped only when the RASL picture is a pure-RASL picture.
- step S1710 is shown to be performed before step S1720 in FIG. 17 , this may be variously modified according to embodiments.
- step S1710 may be performed simultaneously with step S1720, or may be performed after step S1710.
- FIG. 18A and 18B are diagrams for explaining a reference condition of a RASL picture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 18A shows a case of a pure-RASL picture, and FIG. 17B shows a case of a mixed-RASL picture.
- a RASL picture may be limitedly referenced by a RADL picture under a predetermined reference condition.
- Reference conditions for RASL pictures according to embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows.
- a RASL picture referenced by a RADL picture may be limited to a mixed-RASL picture. For example, if the RASL picture includes only slice(s) with RASL_NUT, the RASL picture cannot be referenced by the RADL picture (see FIG. 18A ). On the other hand, when the RASL picture includes both slice(s) having a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT and slice(s) having a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT, the RASL picture may be referenced by the RADL picture ( 18b).
- a RADL picture referring to a RASL picture may be limited to include at least two subpictures.
- the RASL picture referenced by the RADL picture may include at least two subpictures, and at least one of the subpictures may be restricted to have a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT.
- a specific subpicture (subpicA) in the RADL picture refers to a RASL picture
- the collocated subpicture of the specific subpicture (subpicA) in the RASL picture is a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT It may be limited to include one or more slices with
- a mixed-RASL picture including two or more subpictures (Subpic 1, Subpic 2 and Subpic 3) and at least one of the subpictures (Subpic 2) has RADL_NUT. Only, it can be referenced by a RADL picture.
- the second subpicture (Subpic 2) having RADL_NUT in the mixed-RASL picture may be treated as an independent picture.
- only the second subpicture (Subpic2) may be a collocated subpicture of a specific subpicture in the RADL picture.
- a plurality of subpicture bitstreams may be generated for a plurality of subpictures in the current picture.
- the plurality of subpicture bitstreams may be merged in a decoding process to constitute one single bitstream.
- the single bitstream may be referred to as a single layer bitstream, and the following restrictions may be applied to satisfy bitstream conformance.
- each picture other than the first picture in decoding order is considered to be associated with the previous IRAP picture in decoding order.
- field_seq_flag has a first value (eg, 0) and the current picture is a leading picture associated with an IRAP picture
- the current picture is a decoding order for all non-leading pictures associated with the IRAP picture should take precedence Or, for the first leading picture picA and the last leading picture picB associated with the IRAP picture, there must be one non-leading picture preceding picA in decoding order, and any non-leading picture between picA and picB in decoding order must not exist.
- 19 is a flowchart illustrating an image encoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image encoding method of FIG. 19 may be performed by the image encoding apparatus of FIG. 2 .
- step S1910 may be performed by the image dividing unit 110
- steps S1920 and S1930 may be performed by the entropy encoding unit 190 .
- the image encoding apparatus may divide the current picture into two or more subpictures ( S1910 ).
- the partition information of the current picture may be signaled using one or more syntax elements in a higher-level syntax. For example, through the picture parameter set (PPS) described above with reference to FIG. 7 , no_pic_partition_flag indicating whether the current picture is split and num_subpics_minus1 indicating the number of subpictures included in the current picture may be signaled.
- no_pic_partition_flag may have a first value (e.g., 0), and num_subpics_minus may have a value greater than 0.
- Each of the subpictures in the current picture may be treated as one picture.
- the subpicture can be independently encoded/decoded regardless of encoding/decoding results of other subpictures.
- information related to handling of a subpicture may be signaled using a syntax element in a higher-level syntax. For example, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] indicating whether each subpicture in the current picture is treated as one picture may be signaled through the sequence parameter set (SPS) described above with reference to FIG. 12 .
- SPS sequence parameter set
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] When the i-th subpicture in the current picture is treated as one picture in the encoding/decoding process except for the in-loop filtering operation, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may have a second value (e.g., 1). Meanwhile, when subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] is not signaled, subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may be inferred to have a second value (e.g., 1).
- At least some of the subpictures in the current picture may have different NAL unit types. For example, if the current picture includes a first subpicture and a second subpicture, the first subpicture has a first NAL unit type, and the second subpicture is different from the first NAL unit type. It may have a second NAL unit type.
- NAL unit types that subpictures may have is as described above with reference to Table 1.
- All slices included in each subpicture in the current picture may have the same NAL unit type.
- all slices included in the first subpicture may have the first NAL unit type
- all slices included in the second subpicture may have the second NAL unit type.
- the image encoding apparatus may determine the NAL unit type of each subpicture in the current picture (S1920).
- the NAL unit type of the subpicture may be determined based on the subpicture type. For example, when the subpicture is an IRAP subpicture, the NAL unit type of the subpicture may be determined as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, or CRA_NUT. Also, when the subpicture is a RASL subpicture, the NAL unit type of the subpicture may be determined as RASL_NUT.
- a combination of NAL unit types that subpictures in the current picture may have may be determined based on a predetermined hybrid constraint condition. For example, if one or more slices in the current picture have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP or CRA_NUT, all other slices in the current picture may have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, CRA_NUT or TRAIL_NUT. Also, when one or more slices in the current picture have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT, all other slices in the current picture may have a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT.
- a current picture having a hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT may be treated as a RASL picture associated with a predetermined Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture, and may be referred to as a mixed-RASL picture.
- IRAP picture may include a Clean Random Access (CRA) picture.
- CRA Clean Random Access
- the mixed-RASL picture may be used as a reference picture of a RADL picture referring to the same IRAP picture as the mixed-RASL picture.
- the predetermined reference condition as described above with reference to FIGS. 18A and 18B may be applied.
- the image encoding apparatus may encode each subpicture in the current picture based on the determined NAL unit type (S1930).
- the encoding process for each slice may be performed in units of coding units (CUs) based on a predetermined prediction mode.
- each subpicture may be independently encoded to configure different (subpicture) bitstreams. For example, a first (subpicture) bitstream including encoding information of the first subpicture may be configured, and a second (subpicture) bitstream including encoding information of the second subpicture may be configured.
- a picture having a hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT may be treated as a RASL picture.
- the RASL picture may be referenced by a RADL picture under a predetermined reference condition, unlike a RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT.
- 20 is a flowchart illustrating an image decoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the image decoding method of FIG. 20 may be performed by the image decoding apparatus of FIG. 3 .
- steps S2010 and S2020 may be performed by the entropy decoding unit 210
- step S2030 may be performed by the inverse quantization unit 220 to the intra prediction unit 265 .
- the apparatus for decoding an image may obtain NAL unit type information regarding at least one NAL unit including encoded image data from a bitstream ( S2010 ).
- the encoded image data may include slice data
- the NAL unit including the encoded image data may mean a VCL NAL unit.
- the NAL unit type information may include syntax elements related to the NAL unit type.
- the NAL unit type information may include a syntax element nal_unit_type obtained from a NAL unit header.
- the NAL unit type information may include a syntax element mixed_nalu_types_in_pic_flag obtained from a picture parameter set (PPS).
- PPS picture parameter set
- the image decoding apparatus may determine at least one NAL unit type of one or more slices in the current picture based on the obtained NAL unit type information (S2020).
- the current picture may not have a mixed NAL unit type. In this case, all slices in the current picture may have the same NAL unit type determined based on the nal_unit_type value.
- the current picture may have a mixed NAL unit type.
- the current picture may include two or more subpictures each treated as one picture. At least some of the subpictures may have different NAL unit types.
- the current picture includes first to third subpictures, the first subpicture has a first NAL unit type, the second subpicture has a second NAL unit type, and the third A subpicture may have a third NAL unit type.
- all of the first to third NAL unit types may be different from each other, or the first NAL unit type may be the same as the second NAL type but different from the third NAL unit type. All slices included in each of the subpictures may have the same NAL unit type.
- a combination of NAL unit types that slices in the current picture may have may be determined based on a predetermined hybrid constraint condition. For example, if one or more slices in the current picture have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP or CRA_NUT, all other slices in the current picture may have a NAL unit type such as IDR_W_RADL, IDR_N_LP, CRA_NUT or TRAIL_NUT. Also, when one or more slices in the current picture have a NAL unit type such as RASL_NUT, all other slices in the current picture may have a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT.
- the type of the current picture may be determined based on NUT values of slices. For example, if slices in the current picture have NAL unit types of CRA_NUT and IDR_RADL, the type of the current picture may be determined as an IRAP picture. Also, when slices in the current picture have NAL unit types of RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT, the type of the current picture may be determined as a RASL picture. That is, based on the fact that at least one slice in the current picture has RASL_NUT, the type of the current picture may be determined as a RASL picture.
- the current picture when the current picture has a hybrid NAL unit type, the current picture may be limited to include two or more subpictures.
- each subpicture in the current picture may be limited to be treated as one picture.
- the current picture when the current picture is a mixed NAL unit type RASL picture (ie, a mixed-RASL picture), the current picture may include two or more subpictures each treated as one picture.
- at least one of the subpictures may include one or more slices having a NAL unit type such as RADL_NUT.
- the image decoding apparatus may decode each slice in the current picture based on the determined NAL unit type (S2030).
- the decoding process for each slice may be performed in units of coding units (CUs) based on a predetermined prediction mode.
- the current picture is a RASL picture
- the IRAP picture associated with the current picture is the first picture in decoding order (eg, the starting point of the decoding process or random access)
- the current picture is based on whether or not it includes one or more slices with RADL_NUT can be selectively decrypted. For example, if the current picture is a pure-RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT, and random access is performed on an IRAP picture associated with the current picture, the decoding process of the current picture may be skipped.
- the current picture is a mixed-RASL picture having a mixed NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT, and random access is performed on an IRAP picture associated with the current picture
- the decoding process of the current picture may be performed.
- the IRAP picture may include a CRA picture.
- the mixed-RASL picture may include a plurality of subpictures.
- each of the subpictures may be treated as one independent picture.
- Information on whether a subpicture is treated as one independent picture may be signaled using a syntax element in a higher-level syntax.
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] indicating whether the current subpicture is treated as one picture may be signaled through a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- SPS sequence parameter set
- subpic_treated_as_pic_flag[ i ] may have a second value (e.g., 1).
- all slices included in each of the subpictures may have the same NAL unit type.
- At least one subpicture having RADL_NUT may be used as a reference picture of a RADL picture associated with the same IRAP picture as the mixed-RASL picture.
- a first subpicture having RASL_NUT among a plurality of subpictures included in a mixed-RASL picture may precede a second subpicture having RADL_NUT among the plurality of subpictures in output order .
- the output process of the mixed-RASL picture may be skipped.
- a picture having a hybrid NAL unit type based on RASL_NUT and RADL_NUT may be treated as a RASL picture.
- the RASL picture may be referred to as a mixed-RASL picture, and a RASL picture having a single NAL unit type of RASL_NUT may be referred to as a pure-RASL picture.
- the mixed-RASL picture may be used as a reference picture of the RADL picture under a predetermined reference condition.
- the mixed-RASL picture may be different from a pure-RASL picture in which both the decoding process and the output process are skipped when the associated IRAP picture is the first picture in the decoding order.
- the name of the syntax element described in the present disclosure may include information about a position at which the corresponding syntax element is signaled.
- a syntax element starting with “sps_” may mean that the corresponding syntax element is signaled in the sequence parameter set (SPS).
- a syntax element starting with "pps_”, “ph_”, “sh_”, etc. may mean that the corresponding syntax element is signaled in a picture parameter set (PPS), a picture header, a slice header, and the like, respectively.
- Example methods of the present disclosure are expressed as a series of operations for clarity of description, but this is not intended to limit the order in which the steps are performed, and if necessary, each step may be performed simultaneously or in a different order.
- other steps may be included in addition to the illustrated steps, steps may be excluded from some steps, and/or other steps may be included except for some steps.
- an image encoding apparatus or an image decoding apparatus performing a predetermined operation may perform an operation (step) of confirming a condition or situation for performing the corresponding operation (step). For example, if it is stated that a predetermined operation is performed when a predetermined condition is satisfied, the video encoding apparatus or the image decoding apparatus performs an operation to check whether the predetermined condition is satisfied and then performs the predetermined operation can be done
- various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof.
- ASICs Application Specific Integrated Circuits
- DSPs Digital Signal Processors
- DSPDs Digital Signal Processing Devices
- PLDs Programmable Logic Devices
- FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
- general purpose It may be implemented by a processor (general processor), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, and the like.
- the image decoding apparatus and the image encoding apparatus to which the embodiments of the present disclosure are applied are real-time communication apparatuses such as a multimedia broadcasting transceiver, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video apparatus, a digital cinema video apparatus, a surveillance camera, a video conversation apparatus, and a video communication apparatus.
- mobile streaming device storage medium, camcorder, video on demand (VoD) service providing device, OTT video (Over the top video) device, internet streaming service providing device, three-dimensional (3D) video device, video telephony video device, and medical use It may be included in a video device and the like, and may be used to process a video signal or a data signal.
- the OTT video (Over the top video) device may include a game console, a Blu-ray player, an Internet-connected TV, a home theater system, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a digital video recorder (DVR), and the like.
- a game console a Blu-ray player
- an Internet-connected TV a home theater system
- a smart phone a tablet PC
- DVR digital video recorder
- 21 is a diagram exemplarily illustrating a content streaming system to which an embodiment according to the present disclosure can be applied.
- the content streaming system to which the embodiment of the present disclosure is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server generates a bitstream by compressing content input from multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. into digital data, and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as a smart phone, a camera, a camcorder, etc. directly generate a bitstream
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an image encoding method and/or an image encoding apparatus to which an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied, and the streaming server may temporarily store the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user device based on a user request through the web server, and the web server may serve as a medium informing the user of a service.
- the web server transmits it to a streaming server, and the streaming server may transmit multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server.
- the control server may serve to control commands/responses between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media repository and/or an encoding server. For example, when receiving content from the encoding server, the content may be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide a smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the user device include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, Tablet PC (tablet PC), ultrabook (ultrabook), wearable device (e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)), digital TV, desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- PMP portable multimedia player
- PDA portable multimedia player
- slate PC slate PC
- Tablet PC Tablet PC
- ultrabook ultrabook
- wearable device e.g., watch-type terminal (smartwatch), glass-type terminal (smart glass), HMD (head mounted display)
- digital TV desktop
- desktop There may be a computer, digital signage, and the like.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributed and processed.
- the scope of the present disclosure includes software or machine-executable instructions (eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.) that cause operation according to the method of various embodiments to be executed on a device or computer, and such software or and non-transitory computer-readable media in which instructions and the like are stored and executed on a device or computer.
- software or machine-executable instructions eg, operating system, application, firmware, program, etc.
- An embodiment according to the present disclosure may be used to encode/decode an image.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
nal_unit_type | Name of nal_unit_type |
Content of NAL unit and RBSP syntax structure | NAL unit type class |
0 | TRAIL_NUT | Coded slice of a trailing picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
1 | STSA_NUT | Coded slice of an STSA picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
2 | RADL_NUT | Coded slice of a RADL picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
3 | RASL_NUT | Coded slice of a RASL picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
4..6 | RSV_VCL_4.. RSV_VCL_6 |
Reserved non-IRAP VCL NAL unit types | VCL |
7 8 |
IDR_W_RADL IDR_N_LP |
Coded slice of an IDR picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
9 | CRA_NUT | Coded slice of a CRA picture silce_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
10 | GDR_NUT | Coded slice of a GDR picture slice_layer_rbsp( ) |
VCL |
11 12 |
RSV_IRAP_11 RSV_IRAP_12 |
Reserved IRAP VCL NAL unit types | VCL |
13 | DCI_NUT | Decoding capability information decoding_capability_information_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
14 | VPS_NUT | Video parameter set video_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
15 | SPS_NUT | Sequence parameter set seq_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
16 | PPS_NUT | Picture parameter set pic_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
17 18 |
PREFIX_APS_NUT SUFFIX_APS_NUT |
Adaptation parameter set adaptation_parameter_set_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
19 | PH_NUT | Picture header picture_header_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
20 | AUD_NUT | AU delimiter access_unit_delimiter_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
21 | EOS_NUT | End of sequence end_of_seq_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
22 | EOB_NUT | End of bitstream end_of_bitstream_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
23 24 |
PREFIX_SEI_NUT SUFFIX_SEI_NUT |
Supplemental enhancement information sei_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
25 | FD_NUT | Filler data filler_data_rbsp( ) |
non-VCL |
26 27 |
RSV_NVCL_26 RSV_NVCL_27 |
Reserved non-VCL NAL unit types | non-VCL |
28..31 | UNSPEC_28.. UNSPEC_31 |
Unspecified non-VCL NAL unit types | non-VCL |
- NUT : NAL unit type - STSA: Step-wise Temporal sub-layer Switching Access - RADL: Random Access Decodable Leading - RASL: Random Access Skipped Leading - IDR: Instantaneous Decoding Refresh - LP: Leading Picture - _W_RADL: With RADL - _N_LP: No LP, without LP - CRA: Clean Random Access - GDR: Gradual Decoding Refresh - IRAP: Intra Random Access Point |
Claims (15)
- 영상 복호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 복호화 방법으로서, 상기 영상 복호화 방법은,비트스트림으로부터, 현재 픽처의 부호화된 영상 데이터를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 NAL(network abstraction layer) 유닛에 관한 NAL 유닛 타입 정보를 획득하는 단계;상기 획득된 NAL 유닛 타입 정보에 기반하여, 상기 현재 픽처 내의 복수의 슬라이스들 각각의 NAL 유닛 타입을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 NAL 유닛 타입에 기반하여, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들을 복호화하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 적어도 하나는 RASL_NUT을 갖고, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 나머지는 모두 RASL_NUT 또는 RADL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 현재 픽처는 RASL 픽처로 취급되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처와 연관된 IRAP(Intra Random Access Point) 픽처가 디코딩 순서상 첫번째 픽처인 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처에 대한 출력 과정은 스킵되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처에 대한 출력 과정이 스킵되는지 여부는, 상기 IRAP 픽처에 대한 소정의 플래그 정보에 기반하여 결정되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 적어도 하나가 상기 RADL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처는 RADL(Random Access Decodable Leading) 픽처에 의해 참조되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처는 2 이상의 서브픽처들을 포함하고,상기 서브픽처들 중 적어도 하나의 서브픽처는 상기 RADL_NUT을 갖는 하나 이상의 슬라이스들을 포함하는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 적어도 하나의 서브픽처는 하나의 픽처로 취급되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,RADL 픽처 내의 적어도 하나의 제1 서브픽처가 상기 RASL 픽처를 참조하는 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처 내의 상기 제1 서브픽처의 콜로케이티드 서브픽처는 상기 RADL_NUT을 갖는 하나 이상의 슬라이스들을 포함하는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 RADL 서브픽처는 각각 하나의 픽처로 취급되는 2 이상의 서브픽처들을 포함하는영상 복호화 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처와 연관된 IRAP(Intra Random Access Point) 픽처가 디코딩 순서상 첫번째 픽처이고, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들 전부가 상기 RASL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처는 디코딩 프로세스에서 제거되는영상 복호화 방법.
- 메모리 및 적어도 하나의 프로세서를 포함하는 영상 복호화 장치로서,상기 적어도 하나의 프로세서는,비트스트림으로부터, 현재 블록의 부호화된 영상 데이터를 포함하는 적어도 하나의 NAL(network abstraction layer) 유닛에 관한 NAL 유닛 타입 정보를 획득하고,상기 획득된 NAL 유닛 타입 정보에 기반하여, 현재 픽처 내의 복수의 슬라이스들들 각각의 NAL 유닛 타입을 결정하며,상기 결정된 NAL 유닛 타입에 기반하여, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들을 복호화하되,상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 적어도 하나는 RASL_NUT을 갖고, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 나머지는 모두 RASL_NUT 또는 RADL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 현재 픽처는 RASL 픽처로 취급되는영상 복호화 장치.
- 영상 부호화 장치에 의해 수행되는 영상 부호화 방법으로서, 상기 영상 부호화 방법은,현재 픽처를 복수의 서브픽처들로 분할하는 단계;상기 복수의 서브픽처들 각각의 NAL 유닛 타입을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 결정된 NAL 유닛 타입에 기반하여, 상기 복수의 서브픽처들을 부호화하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 복수의 서브픽처들에 포함되는 복수의 슬라이스들 중 적어도 하나는 RASL_NUT을 갖고, 상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 나머지는 모두 RASL_NUT 또는 RADL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 현재 픽처는 RASL 픽처로 취급되는영상 부호화 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처와 연관된 IRAP(Intra Random Access Point) 픽처가 디코딩 순서상 첫번째 픽처인 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처에 대한 출력 과정은 스킵되는영상 부호화 방법.
- 제11항에 있어서,상기 복수의 슬라이스들 중 적어도 하나가 상기 RADL_NUT을 갖는 것에 기반하여, 상기 RASL 픽처는 RADL(Random Access Decodable Leading) 픽처에 의해 참조되는영상 부호화 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 RASL 픽처는 2 이상의 서브픽처들을 포함하고,상기 서브픽처들 중 적어도 하나는 상기 RADL_NUT을 갖는 하나 이상의 슬라이스들을 포함하는영상 부호화 방법.
- 제11항의 영상 부호화 방법에 따라 생성된 비트스트림을 저장하는 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록매체.
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020227036939A KR20220160044A (ko) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 |
AU2021241294A AU2021241294B2 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | Image encoding/decoding method and device based on hybrid NAL unit type, and recording medium for storing bitstream |
CN202180037082.5A CN115668943A (zh) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | 基于混合nal单元类型的图像编码/解码方法和设备及存储比特流的记录介质 |
JP2022558315A JP7492023B2 (ja) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | 混成nalユニットタイプに基づく画像符号化/復号化方法及び装置、並びにビットストリームを保存する記録媒体 |
US17/951,581 US11818380B2 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2022-09-23 | Image encoding/decoding method and device based on hybrid NAL unit type, and recording medium for storing bitstream |
US18/371,232 US20240098291A1 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2023-09-21 | Image encoding/decoding method and device based on hybrid nal unit type, and recording medium for storing bitstream |
AU2024202365A AU2024202365A1 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2024-04-11 | Image encoding/decoding method and device based on hybrid nal unit type, and recording medium for storing bitstream |
JP2024079898A JP2024096484A (ja) | 2020-03-23 | 2024-05-16 | 混成nalユニットタイプに基づく画像符号化/復号化方法及び装置、並びにビットストリームを保存する記録媒体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202062993668P | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | |
US62/993,668 | 2020-03-23 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US17/951,581 Continuation US11818380B2 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2022-09-23 | Image encoding/decoding method and device based on hybrid NAL unit type, and recording medium for storing bitstream |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2021194211A1 true WO2021194211A1 (ko) | 2021-09-30 |
Family
ID=77892385
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2021/003560 WO2021194211A1 (ko) | 2020-03-23 | 2021-03-23 | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US11818380B2 (ko) |
JP (2) | JP7492023B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20220160044A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN115668943A (ko) |
AU (2) | AU2021241294B2 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2021194211A1 (ko) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20180056755A (ko) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-05-29 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 개선된 비디오 스트림 스위칭 및 랜덤 액세스의 방법들 및 시스템들 |
US20190208224A1 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2019-07-04 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Video decoder with signaling |
US10554990B2 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2020-02-04 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding and decoding |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20160100180A1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2016-04-07 | Wilus Institute Of Standards And Technology Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing video signal |
PT3925213T (pt) * | 2019-03-11 | 2023-11-03 | Huawei Tech Co Ltd | Restrições de imagens do tipo de unidades nal mistas |
WO2020256613A1 (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2020-12-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Compact network abstraction layer (nal) unit header |
US11825121B2 (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2023-11-21 | Tencent America LLC | Method for access unit delimiter signaling |
KR20220156828A (ko) * | 2020-03-19 | 2022-11-28 | 바이트댄스 아이엔씨 | 레퍼런스 픽처 순서에 대한 제약들 |
KR20220156831A (ko) * | 2020-03-20 | 2022-11-28 | 바이트댄스 아이엔씨 | 서브픽처의 레퍼런스 픽처 목록에 대한 제약 |
-
2021
- 2021-03-23 AU AU2021241294A patent/AU2021241294B2/en active Active
- 2021-03-23 KR KR1020227036939A patent/KR20220160044A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-03-23 CN CN202180037082.5A patent/CN115668943A/zh active Pending
- 2021-03-23 WO PCT/KR2021/003560 patent/WO2021194211A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2021-03-23 JP JP2022558315A patent/JP7492023B2/ja active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-23 US US17/951,581 patent/US11818380B2/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-21 US US18/371,232 patent/US20240098291A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-04-11 AU AU2024202365A patent/AU2024202365A1/en active Pending
- 2024-05-16 JP JP2024079898A patent/JP2024096484A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20190208224A1 (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2019-07-04 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Video decoder with signaling |
US10554990B2 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2020-02-04 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding and decoding |
KR20180056755A (ko) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-05-29 | 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 | 개선된 비디오 스트림 스위칭 및 랜덤 액세스의 방법들 및 시스템들 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
B. BROSS, J. CHEN, S. LIU, Y.-K. WANG: "Versatile Video Coding (Draft 8)", 17. JVET MEETING; 20200107 - 20200117; BRUSSELS; (THE JOINT VIDEO EXPLORATION TEAM OF ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 AND ITU-T SG.16 ), 27 February 2020 (2020-02-27), Brussels BE, pages 1 - 509, XP030285389 * |
J. SAMUELSSON (SHARPLABS), S. DESHPANDE (SHARP), M. M. HANNUKSELA (NOKIA), HENDRY, S. PALURI (LGE), B. CHOI, S. WENGER (TENCENT), : "AHG9: On mixed NAL unit types", 17. JVET MEETING; 20200107 - 20200117; BRUSSELS; (THE JOINT VIDEO EXPLORATION TEAM OF ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 AND ITU-T SG.16 ), 14 January 2020 (2020-01-14), Brussels BE, pages 1 - 4, XP030224138 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20230018478A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 |
AU2021241294A1 (en) | 2022-11-24 |
AU2024202365A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
AU2021241294B2 (en) | 2024-05-09 |
JP2023518991A (ja) | 2023-05-09 |
JP2024096484A (ja) | 2024-07-12 |
CN115668943A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
JP7492023B2 (ja) | 2024-05-28 |
KR20220160044A (ko) | 2022-12-05 |
US11818380B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
US20240098291A1 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2021177794A1 (ko) | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021172912A1 (ko) | 사인 데이터 하이딩 관련 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021145687A1 (ko) | 서브 픽처 및 픽처 헤더에 관한 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021040487A1 (ko) | 영상 코딩 시스템에서 레지듀얼 데이터 코딩에 대한 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021132964A1 (ko) | Nal 유닛 관련 정보 기반 영상 또는 비디오 코딩 | |
WO2020213867A1 (ko) | 스케일링 리스트 데이터의 시그널링 기반 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 | |
WO2021054807A1 (ko) | 참조 샘플 필터링을 이용하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021101200A1 (ko) | 루프 필터링을 제어하기 위한 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2021177791A1 (ko) | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021132963A1 (ko) | 슬라이스 또는 픽처에 대한 nal 유닛 타입 기반 영상 또는 비디오 코딩 | |
WO2021201551A1 (ko) | 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 시스템에서의 흑백 영상에 대한 크로마 디블록킹 파라미터 정보에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 | |
WO2021162494A1 (ko) | 필터 가용 정보를 선택적으로 시그널링 하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021182816A1 (ko) | 직사각형 슬라이스의 크기 정보를 선택적으로 부호화 하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021101204A1 (ko) | 필터링을 위한 정보의 시그널링 기반 영상 코딩 장치 및 방법 | |
WO2021006700A1 (ko) | 영상 코딩 시스템에서 레지듀얼 코딩 방법에 대한 플래그를 사용하는 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021201513A1 (ko) | Sps 내 ptl, dpb 및 hrd 관련 정보를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2022131870A1 (ko) | Nal 유닛 어레이 정보를 포함하는 미디어 파일 생성/수신 방법, 장치 및 미디어 파일 전송 방법 | |
WO2021201628A1 (ko) | 출력 레이어 셋에 기반하여 파라미터 셋의 참조 여부를 결정하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 전송하는 방법 | |
WO2021251744A1 (ko) | Aps에 대한 식별자를 시그널링하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장한 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 | |
WO2021241963A1 (ko) | 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 시스템에서의 poc 정보 및 비-참조 픽처 플래그에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 | |
WO2021182802A1 (ko) | 비디오 또는 영상 코딩 시스템에서의 타일과 관련된 정보 및 슬라이스와 관련된 정보에 기반한 영상 코딩 방법 | |
WO2021201548A1 (ko) | 영상 디코딩 방법 및 그 장치 | |
WO2021066609A1 (ko) | 변환 스킵 및 팔레트 코딩 관련 고급 문법 요소 기반 영상 또는 비디오 코딩 | |
WO2021125701A1 (ko) | 인터 예측 기반 영상/비디오 코딩 방법 및 장치 | |
WO2021194211A1 (ko) | 혼성 nal 유닛 타입에 기반하는 영상 부호화/복호화 방법, 장치 및 비트스트림을 저장하는 기록 매체 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21774770 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022558315 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202217059228 Country of ref document: IN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20227036939 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021241294 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20210323 Kind code of ref document: A |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 21774770 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |