WO2021189680A1 - 水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构及其降低铁水沟侧壁温度的方法 - Google Patents

水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构及其降低铁水沟侧壁温度的方法 Download PDF

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WO2021189680A1
WO2021189680A1 PCT/CN2020/096776 CN2020096776W WO2021189680A1 WO 2021189680 A1 WO2021189680 A1 WO 2021189680A1 CN 2020096776 W CN2020096776 W CN 2020096776W WO 2021189680 A1 WO2021189680 A1 WO 2021189680A1
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water
molten iron
iron
ditch
cooled
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PCT/CN2020/096776
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English (en)
French (fr)
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丁丰收
晁尚奎
孙龙豹
贺晓杰
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郑州市瑞沃耐火材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2021189680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189680A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/14—Discharging devices, e.g. for slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/10—Cooling; Devices therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an iron smelting ditch of an iron-making blast furnace, in particular to a water-cooled iron storage type iron sluice structure.
  • the invention also relates to a method for effectively reducing the temperature of the sidewall of the iron sluice.
  • the hot metal ditch is an important facility for the production of iron-making blast furnaces. It is a carrier for slag-iron separation after high-temperature molten iron flows out of the blast furnace, and it is also a channel for high-temperature molten iron to flow to molten iron containers such as molten iron tanks.
  • the iron storage ditch When working, the iron storage ditch not only has to withstand the high pressure impact of blast furnace tapping and the high temperature above 1400 °C, but also withstand the thermal erosion from the complex chemical composition in the slag, resulting in short service life and frequent maintenance of the refractory lining of the slag , The labor intensity is high, and the maintenance cost is high. Therefore, improving the life of the iron ditch and reducing the use cost of the iron ditch have always been the research and development directions in the industry.
  • the iron storage ditch used by iron smelting enterprises has greatly improved its service life compared with the traditional iron ditch.
  • the one-time service life of the iron storage ditch is generally 2 Within 3 months or 100,000 to 150,000 tons of molten iron, the consumption of refractory materials per ton of iron is at the level of 0.6 kg.
  • the unstable temperature and excess temperature of the molten iron are important reasons for the shortened and unsafe service life of the lining of the molten iron ditch, and the slag line area on the sidewall of the molten iron ditch is most easily eroded. If the temperature of the sidewall of the molten iron ditch can be effectively reduced, not only the service life of the lining of the molten iron ditch can be prolonged, but also the safety of use can be improved.
  • the structure of the iron storage ditch includes a refractory working layer directly in contact with the high-temperature molten liquid, a permanent layer (casting or masonry) covering the refractory working layer, and a steel shell covering the permanent layer.
  • a water cooling device in the permanent layer of the side wall of the molten iron ditch to cool the lining of the molten iron ditch.
  • Permanent layer A method in which a metal pipe or a non-metallic cooling plate is built into the back of the working layer of the molten iron ditch, and the side wall of the molten iron ditch is forcedly cooled by the cooling medium passed into the metal pipe or the non-metallic cooling plate.
  • the water-cooled setting of the castable close to the working layer of the iron ditch has potential safety hazards when used. Not only will the water-cooling device crack due to the touch or extrusion of the excavator during trenching and excavation, but also the water will be cooled when the molten iron accidentally burns through the refractory The device burns out, or is infiltrated by the carbon element in the castable under the action of temperature, so that the metal water-cooled device will become brittle and cracked after being carburized; these three factors will cause the water-cooled device to leak.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to address the defects in the prior art, and propose a water-cooled iron-storage-type iron-storage ditch structure that can prolong the service life of the iron ditch by more than twice and can completely eliminate potential safety hazards. Effectively reduce the temperature of the sidewall of the molten iron ditch and extend the life of the slag line area of the molten iron ditch.
  • the water-cooled iron-storage-type molten iron ditch structure of the present invention includes a working layer directly in contact with the high-temperature mixed melt, and a permanent layer and a steel shell covering the working layer; the permanent layer is made of carbon-containing refractory bricks It is built; a water cooling device is arranged on the outer side wall of the steel shell at a position corresponding to the depth of the iron water ditch groove.
  • the carbon-containing refractory bricks of the present invention include carbon composite bricks, aluminum carbon bricks, aluminum silicon carbide bricks, aluminum silicon carbide carbon bricks, microporous carbon bricks, ultra-microporous carbon bricks, high thermal conductivity carbon bricks, high strength carbon bricks, etc. .
  • the permanent layer can be made of two or more layers of carbon-containing refractory bricks with staggered joints. Because the bricks have high thermal conductivity, high strength, and excellent resistance to molten iron corrosion, they can Under special circumstances (such as when molten iron burns through the castable of the lining of the molten iron ditch), it can resist the molten iron; even if the molten iron accidentally burns through the refractory materials of the working layer, erecting staggered joints and building refractory bricks can also block the molten iron from the brick joints. Infiltration, effectively avoiding the molten iron from burning to the steel shell, ensuring that the molten iron will not actively meet the cooling water, and achieving the purpose of safe water cooling.
  • the water cooling device is arranged between the tap hole of the molten iron ditch and the skimmer.
  • the water-cooling device is composed of a plurality of water-cooling plates or water-cooling pipes made of metal or ceramic material.
  • the cooling main pipe is connected in parallel with the water inlets of the water-cooling plates or water-cooling pipes through cooling branch pipes with control valves.
  • Temperature measuring devices are respectively installed at the water inlet and outlet of the water-cooled plate or water-cooled pipe; in actual use, the temperature measuring device can be a thermometer or a temperature-measuring probe, which measures the inlet and outlet of the water-cooled plate or water-cooled pipe. The temperature at the nozzle is monitored in real time.
  • thermocouple for measuring the temperature of the molten iron ditch is arranged in the working layer close to the permanent layer.
  • a buffer layer is built under the water cooling device, and the buffer layer can still be built with carbon composite bricks and extends to the bottom of the iron water ditch to form the iron water ditch foundation.
  • the use of the water-cooled iron-storage-type molten iron ditch structure of the present invention can effectively reduce the temperature of the sidewall of the molten iron ditch, and greatly prolong the service life of the molten iron ditch on the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the molten iron ditch.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that a water cooling device is arranged on the outer wall of the steel shell.
  • the high-aluminum castable or high-alumina brick used for the permanent layer of the traditional iron storage type iron ditch is transformed into carbon composite brick masonry with excellent thermal conductivity.
  • the water-cooling device of the present invention is installed on the outside of the steel shell of the molten iron ditch, which is convenient for control and maintenance, and will not be touched or squeezed by the excavator during the repair and excavation of the molten iron ditch; even if the water-cooling device accidentally leaks, it cannot enter the molten iron. Inside the ditch, to ensure that the molten iron cannot meet the water and achieve safe water cooling.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the molten iron ditch of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1.
  • the water-cooled iron-storage-type molten iron ditch structure of the present invention includes a working layer 1 in direct contact with the high-temperature slag iron melt, and a permanent layer 2 and a permanent layer covering the working layer 1 Steel shell 3; in order to achieve a good thermal conductivity effect, the present invention uses carbon-containing refractory bricks of the same material as the blast furnace steel working layer (heat conduction at room temperature ⁇ 13W/m ⁇ K, compressive strength ⁇ 45MPa) for masonry (actual When masonry, carbon composite bricks can be used for masonry.
  • two or more layers of 75mm carbon composite bricks can be used for vertical masonry);
  • a water cooling device is installed on the outer side wall of the steel shell between the skimmer 5, in order to achieve a good cooling effect, all the water cooling devices can be installed outside the steel shell between the tap 4 and the skimmer 5. If cooling is also taken into account Effect and cost of use, the length of the water cooling device should be at least half of the distance between the tap 4 and the skimmer 5; because the slag floats on the molten iron, the complex composition of the high temperature slag iron melts the working layer of the molten iron.
  • the water cooling device should be set at a position corresponding to the depth of the iron ditch; below the water cooling device
  • the buffer layer 6 is built or retained, and the buffer layer can still be built with carbon composite bricks and extend to the bottom of the iron water ditch to form the iron water ditch foundation.
  • the water-cooling device of the present invention is composed of a plurality of water-cooling plates 7 (or water-cooling pipes) arranged in an arrangement.
  • the water-cooling plates or water-cooling pipes can be purchased directly from commercially available products, or they can be manufactured by themselves. When self-manufacturing, the material is made of ordinary steel or stainless steel, and the joints are welded + high temperature sealant.
  • the water source of the water-cooling plate or water-cooling pipe comes from the blast furnace cooling water system, and its pressure and water quality must conform to the overall design parameters of the blast furnace. In order to facilitate the control of the water-cooling temperature, the water source is connected to each water-cooling plate in parallel.
  • the cooling header 8 connected with the cooling water source of the blast furnace is connected to the water inlet of each water-cooling plate 7 (or water-cooling pipe) through the cooling branch pipe 9 with control valve, and the control valve on each cooling branch pipe 9 is controlled.
  • the water flow into the corresponding water-cooling plate can be closed or reduced to adjust the working temperature of the overall water-cooling device.
  • the water outlet of each water-cooling plate enters the return water main pipe through the return water branch pipe and then returns to the blast furnace cooling water system; In the event of wind or other abnormal production conditions, the pressure of the water source can be adjusted or some cold water plates can be turned off to avoid the subsequent operation of the blast furnace from being affected by the cooling effect.
  • the tapping temperature of blast furnace iron is generally designed to be 1350 ⁇ 1450°C, but the actual tapping temperature of many blast furnaces can reach 1480 ⁇ 1520°C, and the higher 70 ⁇ 130°C is the surplus heat.
  • molten iron ditch working layer 1 liner thickness
  • a total width of 2900mm measured in the molten iron ditch steel shell 3 toward the working surface of the molten iron ditch working layer 1.
  • the point of 950 ⁇ 980mm is the 1150°C molten iron solidification isotherm, which passes
  • the heat storage of 220-240mm lining thickness after isotherm can be consumed by water cooling device.
  • the working temperature of the water-cooled plate is adjusted to less than 65°C, that is, to ensure that the working temperature in the iron ditch groove is maintained at the target temperature of 1350 ⁇ 1450°C, so that the inside of the iron ditch can reach a relatively stable working state and slow down
  • the damage rate of the refractory lining of the iron ditch is reduced.
  • the working temperature is maintained at the set target temperature, so that the inside of the molten iron ditch can reach a relatively stable working state, and the normal operation and production of ironmaking and subsequent processes are ensured.
  • the lining refractory material of the water-cooled plate part will be eroded and damaged at a slower rate, but the inevitable damage will still exist, and the lining refractory material will be eroded and damaged.
  • the lower groove will still be wider and wider, and the lining of the groove wall will be thinner, but as the thickness of the groove wall is reduced, will the temperature of the molten iron continue to decrease and affect the flow of the molten iron? Obviously not. Because with the thinning of the lining of the trench wall and the effect of water cooling, the heat from the inside to the outside and the cold from the outside to the inside will naturally find a new temperature equilibrium point.
  • the slag iron will be in the lining.
  • a semi-melted solidified layer is formed on the surface of the body, and the slag iron in this solidified layer will adhere to the surface of the lining body and lose its damaging effect on the refractory lining of the molten iron ditch. Because this semi-melted solidified layer is naturally formed under working conditions, it will naturally form a corresponding thickness and heat preservation effect, and will not affect the normal working temperature and normal flow of the molten iron in the molten iron ditch.
  • the carbon composite bricks of the permanent layer 2 are built in the steel shell of the molten iron ditch, they will be placed in the working layer 1 close to the permanent layer 2 (or in the permanent layer 2 and the working layer).
  • the temperature measurement device can be a thermometer or a temperature probe.
  • Real-time monitoring of the temperature at the inlet and outlet of the water-cooled plate or water-cooled pipe keep abreast of the temperature changes of the iron ditch, accumulate data and adjust the cooling capacity of the water-cooled plate in a timely manner, and use temperature monitoring to grasp and control the maintenance of the lining of the iron ditch Timing: In the event of abnormal temperature fluctuations, corresponding measures can be taken to repair the iron ditch in time to ensure the safe operation of the blast furnace iron ditch.
  • the invention stabilizes the temperature in the iron water ditch by changing the structure of the iron storage type iron water ditch again, improves the service life of the iron water ditch, reduces the number of times the excavator removes the ditch and the pollution caused by it, and reduces the labor intensity of workers And the use of manual inspection and observation of the iron ditch and other uncertain factors, reduce the frequency of opening the closed cover of the iron ditch, achieve the goal of cleanliness, resource conservation, and reduction of solid waste discharge, which is conducive to the ecological cycle of the entire ironmaking work.
  • the present invention can not only directly install the water-cooled plate on the newly constructed iron ditch, but also can transform the old iron ditch: there is no need to completely dismantle the old iron ditch lining during construction and transformation, and 60% of the original lining material can be retained.
  • the original steel shell is cut and retracted for a certain distance, leaving enough installation position for the water-cooled plate. After retracting, the steel plate is folded at an angle of about 92° and extended outward to the old steel shell, and then folded down to buckle the old steel shell. Welding is carried out outside to ensure that accidental leakage of cooling water has no chance to enter the inner lining layer of the steel shell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Abstract

一种水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，包括与高温混合熔液直接接触的工作层(1)，以及包覆在工作层(1)外的永久层(2)和钢壳(3)；永久层(2)由含碳耐火砖砌筑而成；与铁水沟沟槽深度对应位置处的钢壳(3)外侧壁上设置有水冷装置。在钢壳(3)外贴壁设置水冷装置，将传统储铁式铁水沟永久层用的高铝浇注料或高铝砖变为导热性能优良的碳复合砖砌筑，利用水冷装置内循环流动的冷却水带走铁水沟内富裕的热量，保持铁水沟内部温度的恒定，使渣铁作用于铁水沟内衬的渗透、磨损、侵蚀等损毁作用保持在合理范围内；同时，水冷装置安装在铁水沟钢壳的外侧，即使出现漏水也无法进入铁水沟内部，从而确保铁水无法和水相遇，达到安全水冷。

Description

水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构及其降低铁水沟侧壁温度的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及炼铁高炉铁水沟，尤其是涉及一种水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，本发明还涉及有效降低铁水沟侧壁温度的方法。
背景技术
铁水沟属于炼铁高炉生产用重要设施，是高温铁水从高炉流出后进行渣铁分离的载体，也是高温铁水流向铁水罐等铁水容器的通道。
从高炉流出的是渣和铁水混合的高温液体(高温渣铁熔液)，高温液体中含渣量约占三分之一左右。高炉铁水沟的主沟长度约为10～15米，当高温渣铁混合熔液从储铁式铁水沟中通过时，铁水的比重大，会保持在沟槽下部，渣子因为比重轻，会逐步上浮到铁水上面，当混合高温熔液流经设置在铁水沟尾部的撇渣器时，实现渣铁分离，渣子被除去，纯净的铁水流入铁水容器中。
储铁式铁水沟在工作时不但要承受高炉出铁的高压冲击和1400℃以上的高温，还要承受来自渣子中复杂化学成分的热侵蚀作用，导致铁水沟内衬耐火材料寿命短、维修频繁，劳动强度大、维修成本高，故提高铁水沟的寿命、降低铁水沟的使用成本一直是行业内的研发方向。
经过技术人员多年的不断努力，现在炼铁企业所用的储铁式铁水沟相比曾经的传统铁水沟，其使用寿命已得到了大幅提高，目前储铁式铁水沟的一次性使用寿命一般在2～3个月或10～15万吨铁水，吨铁消耗耐火材料在0.6kg的水平。
持续研究发现，高炉炼铁因为操作及配矿的原因会导致铁水温度不稳定，出现出铁温度超过设计温度的现象，而富余的温度所带来的问题有如下几点：1、高温会造成铁水沟内衬材料的熔蚀；2、高温会增加铁水的活性，加大对铁水沟内衬的磨损；3、高温增加了渣子的活性，加大了对铁水沟内衬的渗透；4、高温增加了渣铁中化学元素的活性，加大了对铁水沟内衬的化学侵蚀。从以上几点问题可以明确看出，铁水温度不稳定及富余的温度是造成铁水沟内衬使用寿命缩短及不 安全的重要原因，而最容易被侵蚀的就是铁水沟侧壁的渣线区域。如果能有效降低铁水沟侧壁的温度，不仅可延长铁水沟内衬的使用寿命，还能提高使用的安全性。
储铁式铁水沟的结构包括与高温熔液直接接触的耐材工作层，包覆在耐材工作层外的永久层(浇注或砌筑)，永久层外还包覆有钢壳。为降低铁水沟的温度，业界曾有人研究在铁水沟侧壁的永久层内加装水冷装置来对铁水沟内衬进行降温，如中国发明专利申请CN110317913A就公开了一种在耐材浇注层(永久层)内紧贴铁水沟工作层背面内置金属管或非金属冷却板，利用通入金属管或非金属冷却板内的冷却介质对铁水沟侧壁进行强制冷却的方法。
紧贴铁水沟工作层浇注料的水冷设置使用时存在安全隐患，不仅在修沟开挖时会因挖机触碰或挤压导致水冷装置开裂，还会在铁水意外烧穿耐火材料时将水冷装置烧损，或者在温度的作用下被浇注料中的碳元素渗入，使金属水冷装置接受渗碳后会变脆开裂；这三种因素均会造成水冷装置漏水。
高温铁水遇到水时将发生以下反应：2Fe(液)+2H 2O＝FeO+2H 2(气)，形成氧化亚铁并置换出氢气，置换出来的氢气和空气中的氧气将再次发生以下反应：2H 2+O 2＝2H 2O，生成水释放大量的热，使得铁水沟内反应加剧。如此反复，最终在铁水沟内瞬间聚集极高的能量，从而形成高热能引起爆炸！因为无法彻底解决安全方面的问题，故在铁水沟上加装水冷装置的技术至今无法实施。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术所存在的缺陷，提出一种可延长铁水沟使用寿命一倍以上且能彻底消除安全隐患的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，采用该种结构的铁水沟可有效降低铁水沟的侧壁温度，延长铁水沟渣线区域的寿命。
为实现上述目的，本发明可采取下述技术方案：
本发明所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，包括与高温混合熔液直接接触的工作层，以及包覆在工作层外的永久层和钢壳；所述永久层由含碳耐火砖砌筑而成；与铁水沟沟槽深度对应位置处的钢壳外侧壁上设置有水冷装置。
本发明所述的含碳耐火砖包括碳复合砖、铝碳砖、铝碳化硅转、铝碳化硅碳砖、微孔碳砖、超微孔碳砖、高导热碳砖、高强度碳砖等。
作为铁水沟的安全层，所述永久层可由两层或两层以上的含碳耐火砖错缝砌筑而成，由于该砖具有导热高、强度高、抗铁水溶蚀性好的优良特性，能够在特殊情况下(如铁水烧穿铁水沟内衬浇注料时)对铁水进行抵御；即使发生铁水意外烧穿工作层耐火材料时，立砌错缝砌筑耐火砖也能够阻隔铁水从砖缝中渗透，有效避免铁水烧到钢壳，确保铁水不会主动与冷却水相遇，达到安全水冷的目的。
所述水冷装置在铁水沟的出铁口到撇渣器之间设置。
所述水冷装置由多个金属或陶瓷材质制作的水冷板或水冷管排列组成，冷却总管通过带有控制阀门的冷却支管分别与各水冷板或水冷管的进水口并联式连接。
在所述水冷板或水冷管的进水口和出水口处分别安装有测温装置；实际使用时，测温装置可以采用温度计，也可以采用测温探头，对水冷板或水冷管的进、出水口处的温度进行实时监控。
在靠近所述永久层的工作层内设置有用于测量铁水沟温度的热电偶。
所述水冷装置下方砌筑有缓冲层，该缓冲层仍可采用碳复合砖砌筑，并延伸至铁水沟下方形成铁水沟基础。
采用本发明所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，可有效降低铁水沟的侧壁温度，在确保铁水沟安全运行的前提下，大大延长了铁水沟的使用寿命。
本发明的优点在于在钢壳外贴壁设置水冷装置，为利于热传导，将传统储铁式铁水沟永久层用的高铝浇注料或高铝砖变为导热性能优良的碳复合砖砌筑，利用水冷装置内循环流动的冷却水带走铁水沟内富余的热量，保持铁水沟内部温度符合设计温度并满足铁水流转作业，使高温渣铁熔液作用于铁水沟内衬的渗透、磨损、侵蚀等损毁作用保持在合理范围内，从而提高铁水沟的使用寿命，降低铁水沟的使用成本。同时，本发明的水冷装置安装在铁水沟钢壳的外侧，方便控制和检修，在铁水沟维修开挖时也不会受到挖机触碰或挤压；即使出现水冷装置意外漏水也无法进入铁水沟内部，从而确保铁水无法和水相遇，达到安全水冷。
试验证明，采用本发明的铁水沟结构，可使铁水沟的使用寿命增加近一倍，达到一次性使用4个月或20万吨铁水以上，铁水沟综合吨铁消耗耐火材料降至0.45kg以下。
附图说明
图1是本发明铁水沟的断面图。
图2是图1的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来对本发明的技术方案做更加详细的介绍，以利于本领域技术人员的理解。
如图1、图2所示，本发明所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，包括与高温渣铁熔液直接接触的工作层1，以及包覆在工作层1外的永久层2和钢壳3；为实现良好的导热效果，本发明将永久层采用与高炉炉钢工作层同材质的含碳耐火砖(室温导热≥13W/m·K,耐压强度≥45MPa)砌筑(实际砌筑时，可使用碳复合砖进行砌筑，为有效阻隔铁水从砖缝中渗透，可采用两层或两层以上的75mm碳复合砖错缝立砌)；在铁水沟的出铁口4到撇渣器5之间的钢壳外侧壁上设置水冷装置，为达到良好的降温效果，在出铁口4到撇渣器5之间的钢壳外可以全部设置水冷装置，如果同时兼顾降温效果和使用成本，水冷装置的长度应至少为出铁口4到撇渣器5之间距离的一半；由于渣子是浮在铁水的上面，而高温渣铁熔液的复杂成分对铁水沟工作层耐火材料的侵蚀损毁最为严重(特别是渣线位置)，根据铁水沟落铁点及渣线实际的易损毁部位，水冷装置要设置在与铁水沟沟槽深度对应位置处；在水冷装置的下方砌筑或保留有缓冲层6，该缓冲层仍可采用碳复合砖砌筑，并延伸至铁水沟下方形成铁水沟基础。
本发明的水冷装置由多个水冷板7(或水冷管)排列组成，水冷板或水冷管可以直接购买市售产品，也可以自行制造。自行制造时，材质选用普通钢材或者不锈钢，采用焊接+高温密封胶接缝。水冷板或水冷管的水源来自高炉冷却水系统，其压力和水质均要符合高炉整体设计参数，为方便控制水冷温度，水源通过并联方式接入各水冷板。具体安装时，与高炉冷却水源相连通的冷却总管8通过 带有控制阀门的冷却支管9分别与各水冷板7(或水冷管)的进水口连接，通过控制各冷却支管9上的控制阀门即可关闭或减小进入相应水冷板中的水流量，进而调整整体水冷装置的工作温度，各水冷板的出水口经回水支管进入回水总管再返回高炉冷却水系统中；当遇到高炉休风或其他生产不正常的情况时，可以调节水源压力或关闭部分冷水板，避免因为冷却作用影响高炉休风的后续操作。
高炉炼铁出铁温度一般设计为1350～1450℃，但是目前很多高炉实际的出铁温度可达1480～1520℃，高出的70～130℃即为富余热量。
以总宽度2900mm的铁水沟工作层1(衬体厚度)为例，在铁水沟钢壳3内向铁水沟工作层1的工作面方向测量，在950～980mm点为1150℃铁水凝固等温线，通过等温线后的220～240mm衬体厚度的蓄热量，可以采用水冷装置进行消耗。通过热传导计算，将水冷板的工作温度调整至低于65℃，即保证铁沟沟槽内的工作温度保持在1350～1450℃的目标温度，从而使铁水沟内部达到相对稳定的工作状态，减缓了铁水沟内衬耐火材料损毁速度。实际工作时，可通过调节水冷板7的供水量(调整其工作温度)、永久层2碳复合砖的砌筑厚度、层数以及工作层1的浇注厚度，均可实现铁水沟沟槽内的工作温度保持在设定的目标温度，从而使铁水沟内部达到相对稳定的工作状态，保证炼铁及后续工序的正常操作和生产。
在设计温度条件下的铁水沟在使用过程中，装有水冷板部位的内衬耐火材料被侵蚀损毁的速度会减缓，但是不可避免的损毁会依然存在，内衬的耐火材料在侵蚀损毁的情况下沟槽仍然会越来越宽，沟壁衬体会减薄，但是随着沟壁的减簿会持续降低铁水温度影响铁水流动吗？显然不会。因为随着沟壁衬体的减簿和水冷的作用，自内向外的热和自外向内的冷的作用，会自然找到一个新的温度平衡点，在这个平衡点位置，渣铁会在衬体表面形成半熔融的凝固层，这个凝固层的渣铁会依附在衬体的表面而丧失对铁水沟内衬耐火材料的损毁作用。因为这个半熔融的凝固层是在工作状态下自然形成的，它也自然会形成相应的厚度及保温效果，不会影响到铁水沟内铁水的正常工作温度和正常流动。
为了确保安全和有效监测铁水沟内的温度变化，在铁水沟钢壳内砌筑永久层2的碳复合砖时，会在靠近永久层2的工作层1内(或在永久层2和工作层1的 接触界面处)排布安装测温热电偶10，同时在水冷板的进水口和出水口处分别安装测温装置，实际使用时，测温装置可以采用温度计，也可以采用测温探头，对水冷板或水冷管的进、出水口处的温度进行实时监控；随时掌握铁水沟的温度变化，积累数据并适时调整水冷板的冷却量，并利用温度监测掌握及控制铁水沟内衬的维修时机；一旦出现温度异常波动时，能及时采取相应措施对铁水沟进行维修，确保高炉铁水沟的安全运行。
将普通铁水沟改造为储铁式铁水沟，就是通过结构的改变而提高了铁水沟的寿命。在储铁式铁水沟定型并发展了差不多二十年后的今天，因环保政策等因素引起的资源价格上涨、高炉炉台封闭及整洁生产的要求，对于铁水沟寿命的提供和技术的改进提出了新的要求。本发明通过再次对储铁式铁水沟结构的改变，稳定了铁水沟沟内温度、提高了铁水沟的使用寿命，减少了挖机拆沟的次数及所带来的污染，减少了工人劳动强度和采用人工对铁水沟检查观测等不确定因素，减少了铁水沟封闭罩打开的频次，达到现场整洁、节约资源、减少固废排放的目标，有利于整个炼铁工作的生态循环。
本发明不但能在新施工的铁水沟上直接安装水冷板，还可对旧铁水沟进行改造：施工改造时无需将旧铁水沟内衬完全拆除，可保留60％的原有内衬材料，将原有钢壳进行切割后内收一定距离，为水冷板留出足够的安装位置即可，内收后将钢板折角约92°向外延伸至旧钢壳再向下折角扣在旧钢壳之外进行焊接，确保意外泄露的冷却水没有机会进入钢壳内的内衬层中。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，包括与高温混合熔液直接接触的工作层，以及包覆在工作层外的永久层和钢壳；其特征在于：所述永久层由含碳耐火砖砌筑而成；与铁水沟沟槽深度对应位置处的钢壳外侧壁上设置有水冷装置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：所述永久层由两层或两层以上的含碳耐火砖错缝砌筑而成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：所述水冷装置在铁水沟的出铁口到撇渣器之间设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：所述水冷装置由多个金属或陶瓷材质制作的水冷板或水冷管排列组成，冷却总管通过带有控制阀门的冷却支管分别与各水冷板或水冷管的进水口并联式连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：在所述水冷板或水冷管的进水口和出水口处分别安装有测温装置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：所述测温装置为温度计或测温探头。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：在靠近所述永久层的工作层内设置有用于测量铁水沟温度的热电偶。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构，其特征在于：所述水冷装置下方砌筑有缓冲层。
  9. 一种降低铁水沟侧壁温度的方法，其特征在于：采用权利要求1-8任一项所述的水冷型储铁式铁水沟结构。
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