WO2021189184A1 - Supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste having high solid content and system thereof - Google Patents

Supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste having high solid content and system thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021189184A1
WO2021189184A1 PCT/CN2020/080633 CN2020080633W WO2021189184A1 WO 2021189184 A1 WO2021189184 A1 WO 2021189184A1 CN 2020080633 W CN2020080633 W CN 2020080633W WO 2021189184 A1 WO2021189184 A1 WO 2021189184A1
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Prior art keywords
reactor
section
pressure
outlet
reaction
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PCT/CN2020/080633
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张凤鸣
陈顺权
袁海
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广州中国科学院先进技术研究所
中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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Application filed by 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所, 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 filed Critical 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所
Priority to PCT/CN2020/080633 priority Critical patent/WO2021189184A1/en
Priority to CN202080094166.8A priority patent/CN115605440A/en
Publication of WO2021189184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021189184A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a supercritical water oxidation reactor and a system for treating organic waste with high solid content.
  • the polarity of water is a function of temperature and pressure
  • supercritical water is a non-polar solvent.
  • organic matter and gas can be completely soluble in each other, the gas-liquid phase interface disappears, a homogeneous phase system is formed, and the reaction speed is greatly accelerated.
  • the reaction temperature is generally 400-650°C, which avoids the generation of secondary pollutants such as SO 2, NOx and dioxins.
  • the fluid after the reaction In order to avoid the problem of scale formation in the reactor and subsequent equipment, the fluid after the reaction generally needs to be reduced to a subcritical temperature to achieve dissolution and discharge of soluble inorganic salts, and at the same time to separate insoluble ash and slag.
  • the high-solid waste liquid is prone to corrosion and blockage during the heat recovery process after the reaction, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange device is greatly reduced, and the energy grade of the reaction fluid is greatly reduced, which greatly increases the energy consumption of the system.
  • Some researchers use a counter-flow reactor structure with an outlet at the upper part of the reactor. After the reaction, the low-density fluid flows upward to recover steam.
  • the unreacted materials easily flow out of the reactor together, and the solid removal is incomplete and easy to cause The screen is blocked and cannot meet the requirements of turbine power generation.
  • the supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content of the present invention includes a vertical section and an inclined section.
  • the top of the vertical section of the reactor is an inlet and the bottom is an outlet.
  • the inclined section of the reactor is arranged on the side of the vertical section. ; One end of the inclined section is connected with the upright section, and the other end is provided with an outlet.
  • the inclined section of the reactor is arranged to ensure that the reactants are fully degraded and then pass through the inclined section for gas-solid separation, and steam is discharged from the inclined section to recover steam heat energy.
  • the vertical section of the reactor of the present invention includes a pressure-bearing shell and an inner shell with a porous structure;
  • the pressure-bearing shell includes 1# upper flange, 1# lower flange, upper straight pipe pressure bearing shell, and lower straight pipe bearing connected in sequence.
  • the inclined section of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell, 2# lower flange, and 2# upper flange connected in sequence; the 2# upper flange is connected to the steam discharge pipe; the inclined pressure-bearing shell is sequentially installed with 1 # Baffle, 2# baffle, 3# baffle.
  • the 2# baffle only swings in one direction to one side of the upright section.
  • a wire mesh is installed on the 2# upper flange, and the steam discharged from the inclined section passes through the wire mesh to intercept solid particles, and then is discharged through the steam discharge pipe.
  • the reactor of the present invention is arranged through the vertical section and the inclined section, and the solid particles in the reaction product can be separated step by step by using gravity, folded plates and wire mesh, greatly improving the quality of steam, and thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of the system.
  • the angle between the inlet of the vertical section and the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor is 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe, and the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe is upward and toward the top of the upright section.
  • the uniformity of the injection of the protective fluid will affect the formation of the protective film on the inner wall of the porous tube, which is likely to cause uneven distribution of the fluid film, causing local corrosion, scaling and overheating.
  • the invention realizes the problems of corrosion resistance, salt deposition and scaling in the reaction and subcritical areas in the reactor through the arrangement of the porous inner shell of the reactor and the protective fluid injection pipe.
  • the 2# protection fluid injection pipe is provided with multiple inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
  • the upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell is provided with a cooling water injection pipe, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe faces the opening direction of the upright section.
  • the cooling water injection pipe is provided with a plurality of inlets along the circumferential direction.
  • the nozzle is installed on the upper flange; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube, the nozzle inner tube, and the waste injection tube;
  • the first annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the nozzle inner tube, and the second annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the waste injection tube; the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is welded to the nozzle outer tube, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is connected to the first annulus.
  • the annulus are connected.
  • the nozzle inner tube is used to assist fuel injection.
  • the pressure boost of the waste liquid is generally realized by a high-pressure plunger pump or a diaphragm pump.
  • the sealing ring, diaphragm, plunger, etc. are easily worn out and affect the seal, which will result in the inability to achieve a stable pressure boost of the high-solid waste liquid. .
  • the present invention also discloses an improved supercritical water oxidation reactor, the top of the reactor is an inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is an outlet.
  • the reactor includes a pressure-bearing shell and an inner shell with a porous structure;
  • the pressure-bearing shell includes 1# upper flange, 1# lower flange, upper straight tube pressure shell, lower straight tube pressure shell, and lower cone connected in sequence Shaped pressure shell;
  • the inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange: a nozzle and a waste injection pipe are installed on the 1# upper flange, the outlet end of the nozzle is connected with a tapered pipe, and the nozzle is sleeved with an ejector; the nozzle is used for The auxiliary fuel and reaction fluid are injected, and the waste injection pipe is used for waste liquid injection.
  • the nozzle is sheathed with the ejector cylinder section of the ejector, and the waste injection pipe is in communication with the ejector cylinder section of the ejector.
  • the auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid pass through the high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed jet at the nozzle outlet to provide a heat source and pressure energy.
  • the waste is sucked into the ejector to achieve rapid pressure increase and preheating.
  • the nozzle is composed of a nozzle outer tube and a nozzle inner tube; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube is connected to a tapered tube; a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the nozzle inner tube, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is connected to the nozzle outer tube.
  • the 1# reaction fluid injection pipe communicates with the first annular gap between the nozzle outer pipe and the nozzle inner pipe.
  • the outlet of the conical tube is 50-150mm longer than the outlet of the inner tube of the nozzle extending into the reactor; a combustion chamber is formed between the outlet of the inner tube of the nozzle and the outlet of the conical tube, and fuel and oxygen can fully react to form a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid.
  • the bottom of the 1# upper flange is provided with a first groove, and the ejector cylinder section is set in the groove in the 1# upper flange to form a mixing chamber; the side of the 1# upper flange is provided with a through hole and a through hole The inlet is connected to a waste injection pipe; the through hole is communicated with the ejector cylinder section.
  • the conical section of the ejector, the throat pipe of the ejector, and the diffusion section of the ejector are respectively connected in sequence, extend in the inner shell of the reactor, and are located on the upper part of the upright section of the reactor.
  • the design of the waste liquid inlet of the reactor of the present invention is improved, and the waste liquid is introduced into the reactor through the staged pressurization of the low-pressure waste liquid pump and ejector, thereby solving the problems of sealing and abrasion of the high-solid waste liquid pressurizing pump, and further
  • the requirements for the particle size and concentration limit of the solid particles in the waste liquid are greatly reduced; the rapid mixing and preheating of the ejector solves the problems of corrosion, sedimentation blockage, and low heat exchange efficiency of the high-solid waste liquid during the preheating process.
  • the present invention also discloses a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for processing high solid content organic waste.
  • the reaction system includes the reactor described in the present invention, and fuel pipelines and reaction pipelines respectively connected to the reactor pipelines. Fluid input pipeline, protection fluid input pipeline, waste liquid pipeline and cooling water pipeline.
  • the fuel and the reaction fluid enter the reactor after heating, and the waste liquid does not need to be heated at high temperature to enter the reactor.
  • the waste liquid is mixed and heated in the mixing chamber of the reactor. , Solve the problems of corrosion, clogging of deposits and low heat exchange efficiency in the preheating process of high-solid waste liquid.
  • the present invention uses air with a lower specific heat as the reaction fluid and the protection fluid to be separately injected into the reactor.
  • the reaction system also includes a sedimentation tank, the inlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with the outlet of the reactor, the outlet is connected with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the heat exchanger of the protection fluid input pipeline, and the two-way fluid is in the heat exchanger.
  • the partition wall heat exchange is performed, the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the reactor outlet is recovered, and the fuel and/or air are preheated.
  • reaction system further includes a heat exchanger #3, and the outlet of the sedimentation tank is sequentially connected with the heat exchanger of the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input pipeline, and the heat exchanger #3 pipeline.
  • the 3# heat exchanger is used to further recover the waste heat of the reaction product.
  • the reaction system also includes a turbine, which is connected with the outlet pipe of the inclined section of the reactor to recover the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor.
  • the inclined section of the reactor is arranged to ensure that the reactants are fully degraded before the gas-solid separation is carried out, and the heat energy of the steam is recovered.
  • the cooling water injection pipe design in the dissolution section of the reactor uses cooling water for rapid cooling to achieve the dissolution of soluble salts, combined with solid-liquid separation, to achieve the separation of ash and concentrated brine, and improve the heat exchange efficiency and stability of subsequent equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 1;
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A1 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part A2 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A3 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of part A31 in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part A0 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 2.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of part A4 in Figure 5;
  • Figure 9 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 3.
  • Figure 10 is a structural diagram of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system.
  • 100 Upright section, 200: Inclined section, 300: Fuel line, 400: Reaction fluid input line, 500: Protection fluid input line, 600: Waste liquid line, 700: Cooling water line;
  • Figure 1 shows the reactor of this embodiment.
  • the reactor is composed of an upright section 100 and an inclined section 200.
  • the top of the upright section 100 of the reactor is the inlet and the bottom is the outlet;
  • the inclined section 200 of the reactor is set on the side of the upright section 100 and is inclined
  • the section 200 communicates with the upright section 100, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above, at the far end of the place where the inclined section 200 communicates with the upright section 100.
  • the angle between the inlet of the vertical section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is ⁇ , 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the vertical section 100 of the reactor has a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell has a porous structure.
  • the shell of the vertical section 100 of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, and lower straight pipe pressure shell. 120.
  • the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected in sequence.
  • 1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
  • the inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange 101: the nozzle is installed on the 1# upper flange 101; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105, and the waste injection tube 107;
  • a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, and a second annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the waste injection tube 107; 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is welded to the nozzle outer tube 104, and 1# reaction The fluid injection pipe 106 communicates with the first annulus.
  • the nozzle inner tube 105 is used to assist fuel injection.
  • the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the waste injection tube 107 are coaxially arranged.
  • the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
  • the preheated auxiliary fuel, reaction fluid (such as air) and waste material are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, and then react.
  • the upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2 to 4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
  • the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces upwards to achieve uniform distribution of air along the circumference and axial direction of the reactor.
  • a mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
  • 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3# bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
  • the upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124.
  • the cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Uniform distribution.
  • the bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the reacted subcritical liquid and solid ash.
  • the inner shell of the reactor includes an upper porous tube and a lower porous tube.
  • the bottom of the upper porous tube is fixed by the 1# fixing groove 130.
  • the top of the lower porous pipe is fixed by the 2# fixing groove 129, and the bottom is fixed by the groove in the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
  • the upper porous pipe includes an upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131 and a porous pipe cover 140 arranged on the top of the upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131.
  • the lower porous pipe includes a straight pipe section 125 of the lower porous pipe and a tapered section 122 of the lower porous pipe.
  • the inclined section 200 is connected to the lower part of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
  • the inclined section 200 of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a 2# lower flange 114, and a 2# upper flange 112 that are connected in sequence, and the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is in communication with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
  • the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is sequentially installed with 1# baffle 118, 2# baffle 117, and 3# baffle 115.
  • the 1# baffle 118 and 3# baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 in the direction of gravity, and the 2# baffle 117 is fixed by the upper cylindrical groove, and can only swing in one direction in the direction of the upright section 100 .
  • 2# lower flange 114 and 2# upper flange 112 are connected and fixed by 2# bolt 109, and sealed by 2# gasket 113.
  • the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with a second groove, the second groove is built with a wire mesh 111, and the upper part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected to the steam discharge pipe 110. After the steam is further filtered by the wire mesh 111, it is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 110.
  • the second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112.
  • the second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
  • the reactor can be divided into a mixing section, a reaction section, a gas-solid separation section and a salt-dissolving section from top to bottom.
  • auxiliary fuel, waste and air are injected into the reactor through nozzles for mixing.
  • a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 on the side of the reactor.
  • a protective film can be formed through the inner wall of the upper porous pipe to achieve corrosion resistance and salt deposition in the reaction zone. Strengthen the heat and mass transfer of particulate waste, water and oxygen, and accelerate the oxidative degradation of waste.
  • the inertial separation of the three-layer baffle removes most of the small particles and solids, and finally the fine particles are removed through the wire mesh to obtain high-grade steam, which meets the requirements of turbine power generation.
  • the 2# baffle can only swing in one direction and can automatically clean the ash and slag to avoid the accumulation of ash and slag from the screen 111 of the inclined section 200 and the 1# baffle.
  • the room temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124.
  • a protective film is formed through the inner wall of the lower porous pipe to prevent corrosion and salt deposition at the bottom of the reactor.
  • the cooling of the room temperature water reduces the reaction fluid. The temperature is lowered to the subcritical temperature, the waste is carried by itself and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, thereby ensuring the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine.
  • Figure 7 shows the reactor of this embodiment.
  • the reactor of this embodiment is mainly an improvement based on the feed port of the existing reactor.
  • the reactor has an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom.
  • the reactor has a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is a porous structure.
  • the shell of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, lower straight pipe pressure shell 120, and lower part.
  • the conical pressure-bearing shells 123 are connected in sequence.
  • 1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
  • the inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange 101: a nozzle and a waste injection pipe 107 are installed on the 1# upper flange 101, and the outlet end of the nozzle is connected with the tapered pipe 103.
  • the nozzle consists of a nozzle outer tube 104 and a nozzle inner tube 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected to a tapered tube 103; a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is connected to The nozzle outer tube 104 is connected, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 communicates with the first annulus between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105.
  • the nozzle inner tube 105 is used for the injection of auxiliary fuel.
  • the preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, and sprayed out after the reaction, and the injection speed of the conical tube 103 is reduced by reducing the flow path.
  • the outlet of the tapered tube 103 is 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner tube 105 extending into the reactor.
  • the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the tapered tube 103 are arranged coaxially.
  • the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
  • the bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, and the side of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected to the waste injection pipe 107.
  • the ejector cylinder section 137 is fitted in the first groove in the 1# upper flange 101 to form a mixing chamber.
  • the ejector cone section 136, the ejector throat 135, and the ejector diffusion section 134 are respectively They are connected in sequence, extending in the inner shell of the reactor, and located in the upper part of the upright section of the reactor.
  • the high-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle sucks the waste into the reactor to realize the preheating and boosting of the normal temperature and low pressure waste.
  • the first groove is coaxially arranged at the center bottom of the 1# upper flange 101.
  • the upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2 to 4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
  • the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the upright section, so that the air is evenly distributed along the circumference and the axial direction of the reactor.
  • a mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
  • 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3# bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
  • the upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124, in which the cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe 124 faces upwards to realize the cooling water along the circumference and the axial direction.
  • the uniform distribution The bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the subcritical liquid and solid ash after the reaction.
  • the inner shell of the reactor is a porous tube 131.
  • a porous tube cover 140 is provided on the top of the inner shell of the reactor, and the ejector cylinder section 137 passes through the porous tube cover 140.
  • the invention improves the design of the feed inlet, and the waste liquid is pressurized in stages through the low-pressure waste liquid pump and ejector, which solves the problems of sealing and abrasion of the booster pump with high solid waste liquid, and further reduces the solid particles in the waste liquid.
  • the diameter and concentration limit requirements are greatly reduced; the rapid mixing and preheating of the ejector solves the problems of corrosion, sedimentation blockage, and low heat exchange efficiency of the high-solid waste liquid during the preheating process.
  • Figure 9 shows the reactor of this embodiment.
  • the reactor in this implementation is composed of an upright section 100 and an inclined section 200.
  • the top of the upright section 100 of the reactor is the inlet and the bottom is the outlet;
  • the inclined section 200 of the reactor is set on the side of the upright section 100, the inclined section 200 and the upright section 100 is connected, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above, at the far end of the place where the inclined section 200 communicates with the upright section 100.
  • the angle between the inlet of the vertical section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is ⁇ , 0° ⁇ 90°.
  • the vertical section of the reactor is a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is a porous structure.
  • the shell of the vertical section of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, and lower straight pipe pressure shell. 120.
  • the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected in sequence.
  • 1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
  • the nozzle is fixed on the 1# upper flange 101; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected to the tapered tube 103.
  • the outlet of the tapered tube 103 is 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner tube 105 extending into the reactor.
  • the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the tapered tube 103 are arranged coaxially.
  • the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
  • a first annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is welded to the nozzle outer tube 104, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 communicates with the first annulus.
  • the nozzle inner tube 105 is used to assist fuel injection.
  • the preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, fully mixed and reacted in the reaction chamber, and the injection speed of the conical tube 103 is reduced by reducing the flow path.
  • the bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, and the side of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected to the waste injection pipe 107.
  • the ejector cylinder section 137 is set in the first groove in the 1# upper flange 101 to form a mixing chamber.
  • the ejector cone section 136, the ejector throat 135, and the ejector diverging section 134 are respectively in sequence.
  • the connection extends in the inner shell of the reactor and is located in the upper part of the upright section of the reactor.
  • the high-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle realizes the preheating and boosting of normal temperature and low pressure waste.
  • the circular hole groove is coaxially arranged at the center bottom of the 1# upper flange 101.
  • the upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2-4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
  • the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the upright section, so as to achieve uniform distribution of the protective fluid along the circumference and axial direction of the reactor.
  • a mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
  • 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3# bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
  • the upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124, in which the cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe 124 faces upwards to realize the cooling water along the circumference and the axial direction.
  • the uniform distribution The bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the subcritical liquid and solid ash after the reaction.
  • the inner shell of the reactor includes an upper porous tube and a lower porous tube.
  • the bottom of the upper porous pipe is fixed by the 1# fixing groove 130.
  • the top of the lower porous tube is fixed by the 2# fixing groove 129, and the bottom is fixed by the groove in the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
  • the upper porous pipe includes an upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131 and a porous pipe cover 140 arranged on the top of the upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131.
  • the ejector cylinder section 137 passes through the porous pipe cover 140.
  • the lower porous pipe includes a lower porous pipe straight pipe section 125 and a lower porous pipe tapered section 122.
  • the inclined section 200 is connected to the lower part of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
  • the inclined section 200 of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a 2# lower flange 114, and a 2# upper flange 112 that are connected in sequence, and the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is in communication with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
  • the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is sequentially installed with 1# baffle 118, 2# baffle 117, and 3# baffle 115.
  • the 1# baffle 118 and 3# baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 along the direction of gravity
  • the 2# baffle 117 is fixed by the upper cylindrical groove, and can only be used in the direction of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132. To swing.
  • 2# lower flange 114 and 2# upper flange 112 are connected and fixed by 2# bolt 109, and sealed by 2# gasket 113.
  • the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with a second groove, and the second groove is built with a wire mesh 111, and the upper part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with an opening and is connected with a steam discharge pipe 110 for discharging the steam after the reaction. .
  • the second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112.
  • the second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
  • the reactor of this example combines the improved advantages of Examples 1 and 2.
  • the auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid generate high temperature, high pressure, high speed jets through the nozzle to provide heat source and pressure energy, and the waste is sucked into the ejector to achieve rapid pressure increase and preheating.
  • the coupling of the nozzle and the ejector realizes the normal temperature and pressure injection of the waste, and reaches the condition of the supercritical reaction.
  • a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 on the side of the reactor.
  • a protective film can be formed through the inner wall of the upper porous pipe to achieve corrosion resistance and salt deposition in the reaction zone, and on the other hand, it can be strengthened.
  • the heat and mass transfer of particulate waste, water and oxygen accelerates the oxidative degradation of waste.
  • the specific heat of air is relatively low, which can reduce the cooling and inhibiting effect of air on the central reaction.
  • the 2# baffle can only swing in one direction and can automatically clean the ash and slag to avoid the accumulation of ash and slag from the inclined section of the wire mesh and the 1# baffle.
  • the room temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124.
  • a protective film is formed through the inner wall of the lower porous pipe to prevent corrosion and salt deposition at the bottom of the reactor.
  • the cooling of the room temperature water reduces the reaction fluid. The temperature is lowered to the subcritical temperature, the waste is carried by itself and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, thereby ensuring the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine.
  • Example 3 uses the reactor of Example 3 to design a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating organic waste with high solid content, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • the reaction system includes the reactor described in Embodiment 3, as well as a fuel pipe 300, a reaction fluid input pipe 400, a protective fluid input pipe 500, a waste liquid pipe 600, and a cooling water pipe 700.
  • the fuel pipeline 300 is connected to a fuel tank 8, a fuel pump 6, and a heating system connected in sequence, and the heating system outlet is connected to the fuel inlet a of the reactor 1;
  • the reaction fluid input pipeline 400 includes a compressor 5 and a preheating system connected in sequence, and the outlet of the preheating system is connected to the reaction fluid inlet b of the reactor 1 through a pipeline;
  • the protection fluid input pipeline 500 includes a compressor 5 and a preheating system connected in sequence, and the outlet of the preheating system is connected to the protection fluid inlet d of the reactor 1;
  • the waste liquid pipeline 600 includes a waste tank 10 and a waste liquid pump 11 connected in sequence, and the outlet of the waste liquid pump 11 is connected to the waste liquid inlet c of the reactor 1;
  • the cooling water pipeline 700 includes a cooling water tank 9 and a cooling water pump 7 connected in sequence, and the cooling water pump 7 is connected with the cooling water inlet e of the reactor.
  • Corrosion and salt deposition in the reactor are a huge bottleneck for the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation technology.
  • the use of evaporative wall reactors is a more effective method to comprehensively solve the problems of corrosion and salt deposition.
  • This type of reactor is generally composed of a pressure-bearing outer shell and a porous inner shell. Organic waste liquid and oxidant are injected from the top of the reactor to perform supercritical water oxidation reaction, thereby generating high-temperature reaction fluid.
  • the evaporated water can balance the pressure of the reaction fluid on the porous inner shell, so that the porous inner shell does not need to be pressurized and at the same time avoids pressure
  • the outer shell is in contact with the reaction fluid; the evaporated water penetrates into the reactor through the porous inner shell and forms a subcritical water film on the porous inner wall.
  • the water film can prevent the contact of inorganic acid with the wall surface and can be dissolved in the supercritical temperature reaction zone
  • the precipitated inorganic salt can effectively solve the corrosion and salt deposition problems in the reactor.
  • evaporative wall reactor to treat wastewater can greatly alleviate the corrosion and salt deposition problems in the reactor, when deionized water is used as the protective fluid, due to the large specific heat of the low-temperature evaporating water, the cooling effect on the central reaction is large, and it is easy to inhibit The process of supercritical water oxidation reaction. Because the specific heat of air is low, the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is small, so the reaction fluid and the protection fluid are injected into the reactor with air. After the air passes through the same compressor, it is divided into two branches, one branch and the reaction The b inlet of the reactor 1 is connected as a reaction fluid input pipeline 400; the other branch is connected with the d inlet of the reactor 1 as a protective fluid input pipeline 500.
  • the reaction system also includes a sedimentation tank 21, the inlet of the sedimentation tank 21 is connected to the outlet f of the reactor, and the outlet is respectively connected to the 2# heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4 pipelines, which discharge the gas from the outlet of the reactor f
  • the heat energy of the reaction product is recovered step by step to realize preheating of fuel and/or air.
  • 3# heat exchanger 17 is respectively connected with the reaction fluid outlet end pipes of the 2# heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4 for further recovery of reaction products Of waste heat.
  • the reaction system also includes a turbine 16 which is connected to the g outlet pipe of the reactor and is used for recovering the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the g outlet of the reactor.
  • the heating system includes 1# heat exchanger 4 and an electric heater 2, and the 1# heat exchanger 4 is connected to the a inlet pipeline of the reactor 1 via the electric heater 2.
  • the low-molecular-weight fuel solution in the fuel tank 8 is boosted by the fuel pump 6 and preheated by the 1# heat exchanger 4 and the electric heater 2, and then enters the reactor 1 through the a inlet of the reactor 1; at the same time, the air passes through the compressor 5 After the booster and 2# heat exchanger 3 are preheated, they are divided into two branches. One branch of air is injected into the reactor through the b inlet of reactor 1, mixed with fuel at the end of the coaxial nozzle and reacts quickly, and releases a large amount of heat. The formation of high temperature, high pressure and high speed jet mixture.
  • the waste in the waste tank 10 is tempered by adding alkaline substances, water and other additives to form a high-content organic waste liquid, which is initially boosted by a waste liquid pump ( ⁇ 1MPa), and enters the reactor from the c inlet of the reactor 1.
  • the jet entrainment effect of the high-speed jet draws the waste liquid into the mixing chamber of the ejector to realize the rapid temperature rise and pressure increase of the waste liquid to the supercritical reaction conditions.
  • another path of air is injected from the d inlet of the reactor, where the d inlet is evenly distributed with multiple inlets along the circumference.
  • the air is uniformly distributed in the annulus between the upper porous tube and the shell of the vertical section of the reactor, and then penetrates into the upper porous tube, and forms a protective film on the inner wall of the upper porous tube.
  • the role of corrosion and salt deposition due to the low specific heat of the air, the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is small, and the injection of large flow air realizes the good protection of the upper porous tube.
  • the radial velocity provided by the air can strengthen the heat and mass transfer with the reactants discharged from the ejector outlet, and accelerate the degradation of high-content organic waste.
  • the completely degraded reaction product is firstly separated by gravity in the middle and lower part of the vertical section of the reactor.
  • the low-density steam is filtered by three-layer baffle and wire mesh to meet the requirements of turbine power generation, and is discharged from the g outlet of the reactor and enters the turbine.
  • the engine 16 performs work and drives the generator 12 to generate electricity, and the exhausted steam enters the 1# gas-liquid separator 13 to achieve separation and discharge.
  • the deionized water in the cooling water tank 9 is pressurized by the cooling water pump 7 and injected into the reactor through the e-inlet. It first fills the annulus between the bottom shell of the reactor and the lower porous pipe, and then penetrates into the lower porous pipe. A protective film is formed on the wall to resist corrosion and salt deposition inside the reactor. In addition, the specific heat of water is large, and the cooling water at room temperature can quickly cool the ash and sedimentary salt separated by gravity. The cooled product flows out from the f port of the reactor and enters the settling tank 21. The liquid discharged from the upper part of the sedimentation tank 21 is divided into 2# heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4, respectively, to preheat the fuel and air.
  • the cooling and back pressure valve 15 After the cooling and back pressure valve 15 is depressurized, it enters the 2# gas-liquid separator 14 to realize gas-liquid discharge.
  • the bottom of the sedimentation tank 21 is connected to the 1# stop valve 20, the ash tank 19, and the 2# stop valve 18 in sequence.
  • the solid ash at the bottom of the sedimentation tank passes through the alternate switching of the 1# cut-off valve 20 and the 2# cut-off valve 18, and the solid ash is discharged and collected.
  • the reactor in the above embodiment 4 can also be replaced with the reactor in the embodiment 1 or 2, and the basic principles are the same, so I will not repeat them here.

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste water treatment, and particularly relates to a supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste having a high solid content. The reactor is composed of an upright section and an inclined section; an inlet is provided at the top of the upright section of the reactor, and an outlet is provided at the bottom thereof; the inclined section of the reactor is provided on a side face of the upright section; one end of the inclined section is in communication with the upright section, and the other end of the inclined section is provided with an outlet. Also disclosed is a supercritical water oxidation reaction system by using the reactor to treat the organic waste comprising solids. In the present invention, the inclined section of the reactor is provided to ensure that gas-solid separation is performed after reactants are sufficiently degraded, improving the quality of recycled steam.

Description

处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器及其系统Supercritical water oxidation reactor and system for processing high solid content organic waste 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及废水处理技术领域，具体涉及一种处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器及其系统。The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a supercritical water oxidation reactor and a system for treating organic waste with high solid content.
背景技术Background technique
高浓度、有毒、难降解有机废水的处理是国内外公认的技术难题。传统的有机废水处理技术(如物化处理技术、生物处理技术、湿式氧化、焚烧等)存在成本高、降解率低、易衍生二次污染等问题。超临界水氧化(Supercritical Water Oxidation，SCWO)作为一种新型的处理有机废水的技术，是有效解决这一难题的方法之一。The treatment of high-concentration, toxic, and refractory organic wastewater is a recognized technical problem at home and abroad. Traditional organic wastewater treatment technologies (such as physical and chemical treatment technology, biological treatment technology, wet oxidation, incineration, etc.) have problems such as high cost, low degradation rate, and secondary pollution. Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO), as a new type of organic wastewater treatment technology, is one of the effective methods to solve this problem.
超临界水氧化是在超过水的临界点(P C＝22.1MPa，T C＝374℃)的高温高压条件下，以空气或其他氧化剂，将有机物进行“燃烧”氧化的方法。水的极性是温度和压力的函数，超临界水是一种非极性溶剂。在超临界水的环境下，有机物和气体可完全互溶，气液两相的相界面消失，形成均一相体系，反应速度大大加快。在小于1分钟甚至几秒钟的停留时间内，99.9％以上的有机物迅速燃烧氧化成CO 2、H 2O和其他无毒无害的终端产物。反应温度一般在400～650℃，避免了SO 2、NOx、二恶英等二次污染物的产生。 Supercritical water oxidation is a method of "burning" and oxidizing organic matter with air or other oxidants under high temperature and high pressure conditions exceeding the critical point of water (P C = 22.1 MPa, T C = 374° C.). The polarity of water is a function of temperature and pressure, and supercritical water is a non-polar solvent. In the environment of supercritical water, organic matter and gas can be completely soluble in each other, the gas-liquid phase interface disappears, a homogeneous phase system is formed, and the reaction speed is greatly accelerated. Within a residence time of less than 1 minute or even a few seconds, more than 99.9% of the organic matter is rapidly burned and oxidized into CO 2 , H 2 O and other non-toxic and harmless end products. The reaction temperature is generally 400-650°C, which avoids the generation of secondary pollutants such as SO 2, NOx and dioxins.
为避免反应器及后续设备的结垢问题，反应后流体一般需要降至亚临界温度，实现可溶性无机盐溶解排出，同时分离不溶性灰渣。但是高含固废液在反应后的热回收过程中容易腐蚀堵塞，换热装置的换热效率大大降低，并且反应流体的能量品位会大大降低，大大增加了系统的能耗。一些研究者采用逆流式反应器结构，在反应器上部设置出口，反应后的低密度流体逆流向上，进而可回收蒸汽，但未反应的物料容易一同流出反应器，且固体去除不彻底并容易造 成丝网堵塞，无法达到透平发电的要求。In order to avoid the problem of scale formation in the reactor and subsequent equipment, the fluid after the reaction generally needs to be reduced to a subcritical temperature to achieve dissolution and discharge of soluble inorganic salts, and at the same time to separate insoluble ash and slag. However, the high-solid waste liquid is prone to corrosion and blockage during the heat recovery process after the reaction, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange device is greatly reduced, and the energy grade of the reaction fluid is greatly reduced, which greatly increases the energy consumption of the system. Some researchers use a counter-flow reactor structure with an outlet at the upper part of the reactor. After the reaction, the low-density fluid flows upward to recover steam. However, the unreacted materials easily flow out of the reactor together, and the solid removal is incomplete and easy to cause The screen is blocked and cannot meet the requirements of turbine power generation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，有必要针对上述的问题，提供处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，解决反应产物热能回收问题，实现高品位反应热回收，降低系统能耗。In view of this, it is necessary to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content, solving the problem of heat energy recovery of reaction products, realizing high-grade reaction heat recovery, and reducing system energy consumption.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取以下的技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，包括直立段和倾斜段，反应器的直立段顶部为入口，底部为出口，反应器的倾斜段设置于直立段的侧面；倾斜段的一端与直立段连通，另一端设置出口。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content of the present invention includes a vertical section and an inclined section. The top of the vertical section of the reactor is an inlet and the bottom is an outlet. The inclined section of the reactor is arranged on the side of the vertical section. ; One end of the inclined section is connected with the upright section, and the other end is provided with an outlet.
本申请通过反应器倾斜段的设置，保证反应物充分降解后再通过倾斜段进行气固分离，蒸汽从倾斜段排出回收蒸汽热能。In this application, the inclined section of the reactor is arranged to ensure that the reactants are fully degraded and then pass through the inclined section for gas-solid separation, and steam is discharged from the inclined section to recover steam heat energy.
本发明所述反应器直立段包括承压外壳和具有多孔结构的内壳；承压外壳包括依次连接的1#上法兰、1#下法兰、上部直管承压壳、下部直管承压壳、下部锥形承压壳；The vertical section of the reactor of the present invention includes a pressure-bearing shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell includes 1# upper flange, 1# lower flange, upper straight pipe pressure bearing shell, and lower straight pipe bearing connected in sequence. Pressure shell, lower cone pressure shell;
反应器的倾斜段包括依次连接的倾斜承压外壳、2#下法兰、2#上法兰；所述2#上法兰与蒸汽排出管连通；所述倾斜承压外壳内部依次安装有1#挡板、2#挡板、3#挡板。The inclined section of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell, 2# lower flange, and 2# upper flange connected in sequence; the 2# upper flange is connected to the steam discharge pipe; the inclined pressure-bearing shell is sequentially installed with 1 # Baffle, 2# baffle, 3# baffle.
所述2#挡板只向直立段一侧单方向摆动。The 2# baffle only swings in one direction to one side of the upright section.
所述2#上法兰上安装有丝网，倾斜段排出的蒸汽经过丝网拦截固体颗粒后，再由蒸汽排出管排出。A wire mesh is installed on the 2# upper flange, and the steam discharged from the inclined section passes through the wire mesh to intercept solid particles, and then is discharged through the steam discharge pipe.
本发明反应器通过直立段和倾斜段设置，采用重力、折板和丝网可逐级分离反应产物中的固体颗粒，大大提高蒸汽的品质，进而可大大降低系统能耗。The reactor of the present invention is arranged through the vertical section and the inclined section, and the solid particles in the reaction product can be separated step by step by using gravity, folded plates and wire mesh, greatly improving the quality of steam, and thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption of the system.
所述反应器的直立段入口和倾斜段出口夹角θ，0°＜θ＜90°。The angle between the inlet of the vertical section and the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor is 0°<θ<90°.
所述上部直管承压壳侧壁设有2#保护流体注入管，所述2#保护流体注入管的出口向上，朝向直立段顶部。保护性流体的注入均匀性问题，会影响多孔管 内壁保护膜的形成，容易造成流体膜分布不均，造成局部的腐蚀、结垢及过热问题。本发明通过反应器多孔内壳和保护性流体注入管的布设方式，实现反应器内反应和亚临界区域的抗腐蚀和盐沉积、结垢等问题。The side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe, and the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe is upward and toward the top of the upright section. The uniformity of the injection of the protective fluid will affect the formation of the protective film on the inner wall of the porous tube, which is likely to cause uneven distribution of the fluid film, causing local corrosion, scaling and overheating. The invention realizes the problems of corrosion resistance, salt deposition and scaling in the reaction and subcritical areas in the reactor through the arrangement of the porous inner shell of the reactor and the protective fluid injection pipe.
所述2#保护流体注入管沿反应器周向布设多个入口。The 2# protection fluid injection pipe is provided with multiple inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
下部锥形承压壳的上部设有冷却水注入管，冷却水注入管出口朝向直立段开口方向。The upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell is provided with a cooling water injection pipe, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe faces the opening direction of the upright section.
所述冷却水注入管沿周向布设多个入口。The cooling water injection pipe is provided with a plurality of inlets along the circumferential direction.
1#上法兰上安装喷嘴；喷嘴由喷嘴外管、喷嘴内管、废物注入管组成；1# The nozzle is installed on the upper flange; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube, the nozzle inner tube, and the waste injection tube;
喷嘴外管和喷嘴内管间形成第一环隙，喷嘴外管与废物注入管间形成第二环隙；1#反应流体注入管焊接于喷嘴外管，且1#反应流体注入管与第一环隙相连通。喷嘴内管用于辅助燃料的注入。The first annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the nozzle inner tube, and the second annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the waste injection tube; the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is welded to the nozzle outer tube, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is connected to the first annulus. The annulus are connected. The nozzle inner tube is used to assist fuel injection.
现有技术中，废液升压一般通过高压柱塞泵或隔膜泵实现，其中的密封圈、隔膜、柱塞等极易磨损而影响密封，会导致无法实现高含固废液的稳定升压。In the prior art, the pressure boost of the waste liquid is generally realized by a high-pressure plunger pump or a diaphragm pump. The sealing ring, diaphragm, plunger, etc. are easily worn out and affect the seal, which will result in the inability to achieve a stable pressure boost of the high-solid waste liquid. .
针对该问题，本发明还公开一种改进的超临界水氧化反应器，反应器顶部为入口，底部为出口。In view of this problem, the present invention also discloses an improved supercritical water oxidation reactor, the top of the reactor is an inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is an outlet.
该反应器包括承压外壳和具有多孔结构的内壳；承压外壳包括依次连接的1#上法兰、1#下法兰、上部直管承压壳、下部直管承压壳、下部锥形承压壳；The reactor includes a pressure-bearing shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell includes 1# upper flange, 1# lower flange, upper straight tube pressure shell, lower straight tube pressure shell, and lower cone connected in sequence Shaped pressure shell;
反应器的入口设置于1#上法兰上：1#上法兰上安装喷嘴和废物注入管，所述喷嘴的出口端与锥形管相连接，喷嘴套设有引射器；喷嘴用于辅助燃料和反应流体注入，废物注入管用于废液注入。The inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange: a nozzle and a waste injection pipe are installed on the 1# upper flange, the outlet end of the nozzle is connected with a tapered pipe, and the nozzle is sleeved with an ejector; the nozzle is used for The auxiliary fuel and reaction fluid are injected, and the waste injection pipe is used for waste liquid injection.
所述喷嘴套设引射器的引射器圆筒段，废物注入管与引射器的引射器圆筒段连通。辅助燃料和反应流体通过喷嘴出口的高温高压高速射流，提供热源及压力能，废物被吸入引射器，进而实现快速升压和预热。The nozzle is sheathed with the ejector cylinder section of the ejector, and the waste injection pipe is in communication with the ejector cylinder section of the ejector. The auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid pass through the high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed jet at the nozzle outlet to provide a heat source and pressure energy. The waste is sucked into the ejector to achieve rapid pressure increase and preheating.
喷嘴由喷嘴外管、喷嘴内管组成；喷嘴外管的出口端连接锥形管；喷嘴外 管和喷嘴内管间形成第一环隙，1#反应流体注入管与喷嘴外管连接，所述1#反应流体注入管与喷嘴外管和喷嘴内管间的第一环隙相连通。The nozzle is composed of a nozzle outer tube and a nozzle inner tube; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube is connected to a tapered tube; a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube and the nozzle inner tube, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube is connected to the nozzle outer tube. The 1# reaction fluid injection pipe communicates with the first annular gap between the nozzle outer pipe and the nozzle inner pipe.
所述锥形管出口比喷嘴内管的出口伸入反应器长50～150mm；使得喷嘴内管出口和锥形管出口间形成一燃烧室，燃料和氧气可以充分反应形成高温高压流体。The outlet of the conical tube is 50-150mm longer than the outlet of the inner tube of the nozzle extending into the reactor; a combustion chamber is formed between the outlet of the inner tube of the nozzle and the outlet of the conical tube, and fuel and oxygen can fully react to form a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid.
1#上法兰底部设有第一凹槽，所述引射器圆筒段设置于1#上法兰中的凹槽内，形成混合室；1#上法兰侧面开设通孔，通孔入口连接废物注入管；所述通孔与所述引射器圆筒段相连通。The bottom of the 1# upper flange is provided with a first groove, and the ejector cylinder section is set in the groove in the 1# upper flange to form a mixing chamber; the side of the 1# upper flange is provided with a through hole and a through hole The inlet is connected to a waste injection pipe; the through hole is communicated with the ejector cylinder section.
引射器锥形段、引射器喉管、引射器扩散段分别依次连接，延伸于反应器内壳中，位于反应器的直立段上部。The conical section of the ejector, the throat pipe of the ejector, and the diffusion section of the ejector are respectively connected in sequence, extend in the inner shell of the reactor, and are located on the upper part of the upright section of the reactor.
本发明反应器的废液进料口设计改进，废液通过低压废液泵和引射器的分级增压，引入反应器中，解决高含固废液增压泵的密封和磨损问题，进而对废液中固体颗粒的粒径及浓度限制要求大大降低；通过引射器的快速混合预热，解决高含固废液在预热过程中的腐蚀、沉积堵塞、换热效率低等问题。The design of the waste liquid inlet of the reactor of the present invention is improved, and the waste liquid is introduced into the reactor through the staged pressurization of the low-pressure waste liquid pump and ejector, thereby solving the problems of sealing and abrasion of the high-solid waste liquid pressurizing pump, and further The requirements for the particle size and concentration limit of the solid particles in the waste liquid are greatly reduced; the rapid mixing and preheating of the ejector solves the problems of corrosion, sedimentation blockage, and low heat exchange efficiency of the high-solid waste liquid during the preheating process.
本发明还公开一种处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应系统，反应系统包括本发明中所述的反应器，以及分别与所述反应器管路连接的燃料管路、反应流体输入管路、保护流体输入管路、废液管路和冷却水管路。The present invention also discloses a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for processing high solid content organic waste. The reaction system includes the reactor described in the present invention, and fuel pipelines and reaction pipelines respectively connected to the reactor pipelines. Fluid input pipeline, protection fluid input pipeline, waste liquid pipeline and cooling water pipeline.
本发明反应系统，燃料与反应流体加热后进入反应器，废液不需经过高温加热进入反应器，在高温高压的燃料与反应流体的流射作用下，废液在反应器混合室中混合加热，解决高含固废液在预热过程中的腐蚀、沉积堵塞、换热效率低等问题。In the reaction system of the present invention, the fuel and the reaction fluid enter the reactor after heating, and the waste liquid does not need to be heated at high temperature to enter the reactor. Under the jet effect of the high temperature and high pressure fuel and the reaction fluid, the waste liquid is mixed and heated in the mixing chamber of the reactor. , Solve the problems of corrosion, clogging of deposits and low heat exchange efficiency in the preheating process of high-solid waste liquid.
由于水的比热较高，对中心反应流体的冷却作用较大，本发明采用比热较低的空气，作为反应流体与保护流体，分别注入反应器中。Since water has a higher specific heat and has a greater cooling effect on the central reaction fluid, the present invention uses air with a lower specific heat as the reaction fluid and the protection fluid to be separately injected into the reactor.
本反应系统还包括沉降池，所述沉降池的入口与反应器的出口连接、出口与反应流体输入管路和/或保护流体输入管路的换热器连接，两向流体在换热器 中进行间壁换热，对反应器出口排出的反应产物的热能回收，燃料和/或空气得到预热。The reaction system also includes a sedimentation tank, the inlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with the outlet of the reactor, the outlet is connected with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the heat exchanger of the protection fluid input pipeline, and the two-way fluid is in the heat exchanger. The partition wall heat exchange is performed, the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the reactor outlet is recovered, and the fuel and/or air are preheated.
进一步的，反应系统还包括3#换热器，所述沉降池出口依次与反应流体输入管路和/或保护流体输入管路的换热器、3#换热器管路连接。3#换热器用于进一步回收反应产物余热。Further, the reaction system further includes a heat exchanger #3, and the outlet of the sedimentation tank is sequentially connected with the heat exchanger of the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input pipeline, and the heat exchanger #3 pipeline. The 3# heat exchanger is used to further recover the waste heat of the reaction product.
本反应系统还包括透平机，所述透平机与反应器的倾斜段出口管路连接，对反应器倾斜段出口排出的反应产物的热能进行回收。The reaction system also includes a turbine, which is connected with the outlet pipe of the inclined section of the reactor to recover the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor.
本发明的有益效果为：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明通过反应器倾斜段的设置，保证反应物充分降解后再进行气固分离，回收蒸汽的热能。In the present invention, the inclined section of the reactor is arranged to ensure that the reactants are fully degraded before the gas-solid separation is carried out, and the heat energy of the steam is recovered.
进一步采用重力分离、折板和丝网三级分离去除颗粒，大大提高蒸汽的品质，进而可大大降低系统能耗。Further adopting three-stage separation of gravity separation, folding plate and wire mesh to remove particles, greatly improving the quality of steam, and thus greatly reducing the energy consumption of the system.
反应器溶解段的冷却水注入管设计，采用冷却水快速冷却，实现可溶性盐的溶解，并结合固液分离，实现灰渣和浓盐水的分离，提高后续设备换热效率和稳定性。The cooling water injection pipe design in the dissolution section of the reactor uses cooling water for rapid cooling to achieve the dissolution of soluble salts, combined with solid-liquid separation, to achieve the separation of ash and concentrated brine, and improve the heat exchange efficiency and stability of subsequent equipment.
通过反应器多孔内壳和保护性流体注入管的均布设置，实现反应器内反应和亚临界区域的抗腐蚀和盐沉积、结垢等问题。Through the uniform arrangement of the porous inner shell of the reactor and the protective fluid injection pipe, problems such as corrosion resistance, salt deposition and fouling in the reaction and subcritical areas in the reactor are realized.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为实施例1中的反应器结构图；Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 1;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图2为图1中的A1部分放大图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A1 in Figure 1;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图3为图1中的A2部分放大图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 3 is an enlarged view of part A2 in Figure 1;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　　
图4为图1中的A3部分放大图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A3 in Figure 1;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图5为图4中A31部分的剖视图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of part A31 in Figure 4;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图6为图1中的A0部份放大图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part A0 in Figure 1;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图7为实施例2中的反应器结构图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 7 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 2;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图8为图5中的A4部分放大图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 8 is an enlarged view of part A4 in Figure 5;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图9为实施例3中的反应器结构图；[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 9 is a structural diagram of the reactor in Example 3;
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　　
图10为超临界水氧化反应系统结构图。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 10 is a structural diagram of the supercritical water oxidation reaction system.
附图标记：Reference signs:
100：直立段、200：倾斜段、300：燃料管路、400：反应流体输入管路、500：保护流体输入管路、600：废液管路、700：冷却水管路；100: Upright section, 200: Inclined section, 300: Fuel line, 400: Reaction fluid input line, 500: Protection fluid input line, 600: Waste liquid line, 700: Cooling water line;
101：1#上法兰、102：1#螺栓、103：锥形管、104：喷嘴外管、105：喷嘴内管、106：1#反应流体注入管、107：废物注入管、108：2#保护流体注入管、109：2#螺栓、110：蒸汽排出管、111：丝网、112：2#上法兰、113：2#垫片、114：2#下法兰、115：3#挡板、116：倾斜承压外壳、117：2#挡板、118：1#挡板、119：3#下法兰、120：下部直管承压壳、121：液固排出管、122：下部多孔管锥形段、123：下部锥形承压壳、124：冷却水注入管、125：下部多孔管直管段、126：3#螺栓、127：3#垫片、128：3#上法兰、129：2#固定槽、130：1#固定槽、131：上部多孔管直管段、132：上部直管承压壳、133：安装翅板、134：引射器扩散段、135：引射器喉管、136：引射器锥形段、137：引射器圆筒段、138：1#下法兰、139：1#垫片、140：多孔管盖；101: 1# upper flange, 102: 1# bolt, 103: tapered tube, 104: nozzle outer tube, 105: nozzle inner tube, 106: 1# reaction fluid injection tube, 107: waste injection tube, 108: 2 #Protection fluid injection pipe, 109: 2# bolts, 110: steam discharge pipe, 111: wire mesh, 112: 2# upper flange, 113: 2# gasket, 114: 2# lower flange, 115: 3# Baffle, 116: inclined pressure-bearing shell, 117: 2# baffle, 118: 1# baffle, 119: 3# lower flange, 120: lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell, 121: liquid-solid discharge pipe, 122: Conical section of lower perforated pipe, 123: lower conical pressure shell, 124: cooling water injection pipe, 125: straight section of lower perforated pipe, 126: 3# bolt, 127: 3# gasket, 128: 3# upper method Lan, 129: 2# fixed slot, 130: 1# fixed slot, 131: upper straight pipe section of porous pipe, 132: upper straight pipe pressure shell, 133: installation fin plate, 134: ejector diffusion section, 135: guide Ejector throat, 136: Ejector cone section, 137: Ejector cylinder section, 138:1# lower flange, 139:1# gasket, 140: porous pipe cover;
1：反应器、2：电加热器、3：2#换热器、4：1#换热器，5：压缩机、6：燃料泵、7：冷却水泵、8：燃料罐、9：去离子水罐、10：废料罐、11：废液泵、12：发电机、13：1#气液分离器、14：2#气液分离器、15：背压阀、16：透平机、17：3#换热器、18：2#截止阀、19：灰渣罐、20：1#截止阀、21：沉降池。1: reactor, 2: electric heater, 3: 2# heat exchanger, 4: 1# heat exchanger, 5: compressor, 6: fuel pump, 7: cooling water pump, 8: fuel tank, 9: go Ion water tank, 10: waste tank, 11: waste liquid pump, 12: generator, 13: 1# gas-liquid separator, 14: 2# gas-liquid separator, 15: back pressure valve, 16: turbine, 17: 3# heat exchanger, 18: 2# stop valve, 19: ash tank, 20: 1# stop valve, 21: sedimentation tank.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步清楚、完整地描述。需要说明的是，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施 例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
实施例1Example 1
图1为本实施例的反应器。Figure 1 shows the reactor of this embodiment.
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
如图1～6所示，反应器由直立段100和倾斜段200组成，反应器的直立段100的顶部为入口，底部为出口；反应器的倾斜段200设置于直立段100的侧面，倾斜段200与直立段100连通，倾斜段200的出口设置于上方，位于倾斜段200与直立段100连通处的远端。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the reactor is composed of an upright section 100 and an inclined section 200. The top of the upright section 100 of the reactor is the inlet and the bottom is the outlet; the inclined section 200 of the reactor is set on the side of the upright section 100 and is inclined The section 200 communicates with the upright section 100, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above, at the far end of the place where the inclined section 200 communicates with the upright section 100.
所述反应器的直立段100入口和倾斜段200出口夹角为θ，0°＜θ＜90°。The angle between the inlet of the vertical section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is θ, 0°<θ<90°.
反应器直立段100为同轴双壳结构，外壳用于承压，内壳为多孔结构。The vertical section 100 of the reactor has a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell has a porous structure.
反应器直立段100的外壳由1#上法兰101、1#下法兰138、上部直管承压壳132、3#上法兰128、3#下法兰119、下部直管承压壳120、下部锥形承压壳123依次连接而成。The shell of the vertical section 100 of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, and lower straight pipe pressure shell. 120. The lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected in sequence.
1#上法兰101和1#下法兰138通过1#螺栓102连接固定，并通过1#垫片139密封。1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
反应器的入口设置于1#上法兰101上：1#上法兰101上安装喷嘴；喷嘴由喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105、废物注入管107组成；The inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange 101: the nozzle is installed on the 1# upper flange 101; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105, and the waste injection tube 107;
喷嘴外管104和喷嘴内管105间形成第一环隙，喷嘴外管104与废物注入管107间形成第二环隙；1#反应流体注入管106焊接于喷嘴外管104，且1#反应流体注入管106与第一环隙相连通。喷嘴内管105用于辅助燃料的注入。A first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, and a second annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the waste injection tube 107; 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is welded to the nozzle outer tube 104, and 1# reaction The fluid injection pipe 106 communicates with the first annulus. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used to assist fuel injection.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105和废物注入管107为同轴设置。As a preferred solution, the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the waste injection tube 107 are coaxially arranged.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴同轴固定于1#上法兰101的中心。As a preferred solution, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
已预热的辅助燃料、反应流体(如空气)和废物料在同轴喷嘴末端形成混合，进而反应。The preheated auxiliary fuel, reaction fluid (such as air) and waste material are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, and then react.
上部直管承压壳132的上部侧壁设有2#保护流体注入管108，2#保护流体注入管108沿反应器周向均布2～4个入口。The upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2 to 4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
作为优选的方案，所述2#保护流体注入管108的出口朝上，实现空气沿反应器圆周和轴向的均匀分布。As a preferred solution, the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces upwards to achieve uniform distribution of air along the circumference and axial direction of the reactor.
上部直管承压壳132的中部设有安装翅板133，安装翅板133用于反应器的吊装。A mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119通过3#螺栓连接126连接固定，3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119间通过3#垫片127密封。3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3 # bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
下部锥形承压壳123的上部设有冷却水注入管124，所述冷却水注入管124沿周向均布2～4个入口，且冷却水注入管124出口朝上，实现冷却水沿圆周和轴向的均匀分布。下部锥形承压壳123的底部连接液固排出管121，用于排出反应后的亚临界液体和固态灰渣。The upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124. The cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. Uniform distribution. The bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the reacted subcritical liquid and solid ash.
反应器内壳包括上多孔管和下多孔管。上多孔管的底部通过1#固定槽130固定。下多孔管的顶部通过2#固定槽129固定，底部通过下部锥形承压壳123内的凹槽固定。The inner shell of the reactor includes an upper porous tube and a lower porous tube. The bottom of the upper porous tube is fixed by the 1# fixing groove 130. The top of the lower porous pipe is fixed by the 2# fixing groove 129, and the bottom is fixed by the groove in the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
上多孔管包括上部多孔管直管段131，及设置于上部多孔管直管段131顶部的多孔管盖140。The upper porous pipe includes an upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131 and a porous pipe cover 140 arranged on the top of the upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131.
下多孔管包括下部多孔管直管段125和下部多孔管锥形段122。The lower porous pipe includes a straight pipe section 125 of the lower porous pipe and a tapered section 122 of the lower porous pipe.
倾斜段200连接上部直管承压壳132的下部。反应器的倾斜段200包括依次连接的倾斜承压外壳116、2#下法兰114、2#上法兰112，倾斜承压外壳116与上部直管承压壳132连通。The inclined section 200 is connected to the lower part of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132. The inclined section 200 of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a 2# lower flange 114, and a 2# upper flange 112 that are connected in sequence, and the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is in communication with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
倾斜承压外壳116依次安装有1#挡板118、2#挡板117、3#挡板115。所述1#挡板118和3#挡板115沿重力方向固定在倾斜承压外壳116上壁部，2#挡板117通过上部圆柱槽固定，且只可向直立段100的方向单向摆动。The inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is sequentially installed with 1 # baffle 118, 2 # baffle 117, and 3# baffle 115. The 1 # baffle 118 and 3# baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 in the direction of gravity, and the 2# baffle 117 is fixed by the upper cylindrical groove, and can only swing in one direction in the direction of the upright section 100 .
2#下法兰114和2#上法兰112通过2#螺栓109连接固定，并通过2#垫片113 密封。2# lower flange 114 and 2# upper flange 112 are connected and fixed by 2# bolt 109, and sealed by 2# gasket 113.
2#上法兰112下部设有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽内置有丝网111，2#上法兰112上部设置开孔，所述开孔连通蒸汽排出管110，反应后的蒸汽经丝网111进一步过滤后，由蒸汽排出管110排出。The lower part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with a second groove, the second groove is built with a wire mesh 111, and the upper part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected to the steam discharge pipe 110. After the steam is further filtered by the wire mesh 111, it is discharged from the steam discharge pipe 110.
所述第二凹槽设置于2#上法兰112下部的中心。The second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112.
所述第二凹槽为同轴圆柱凹槽。The second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
通过上述反应器结构设置，反应器从上至下可分为混合段、反应段、气固分离段和溶盐段。Through the above-mentioned reactor structure, the reactor can be divided into a mixing section, a reaction section, a gas-solid separation section and a salt-dissolving section from top to bottom.
在混合段，辅助燃料、废物和空气通过喷嘴注入反应器进行混合。In the mixing section, auxiliary fuel, waste and air are injected into the reactor through nozzles for mixing.
在反应段，从反应器侧面的2#保护流体注入管108注入大流量的保护流体，一方面可通过上多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，实现对反应区的抗腐蚀和盐沉积作用，另一方可强化含颗粒废物和水、氧气的传热传质，加快废物的氧化降解。In the reaction section, a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 on the side of the reactor. On the one hand, a protective film can be formed through the inner wall of the upper porous pipe to achieve corrosion resistance and salt deposition in the reaction zone. Strengthen the heat and mass transfer of particulate waste, water and oxygen, and accelerate the oxidative degradation of waste.
在气固分离段，通过直立段的重力分离，大颗粒固态掉入下部，低密度蒸汽流向倾斜段。同时通过三层挡板的惯性分离作用去除大部分小颗粒固体，最后通过丝网去除微细颗粒，获得高品位蒸汽，达到透平发电的要求。2#挡板只可单向摆动，可自动清理灰渣，避免倾斜段200的丝网111及1#挡板掉下灰渣的积聚。In the gas-solid separation section, through the gravity separation of the vertical section, the large solid particles fall into the lower part, and the low-density steam flows to the inclined section. At the same time, the inertial separation of the three-layer baffle removes most of the small particles and solids, and finally the fine particles are removed through the wire mesh to obtain high-grade steam, which meets the requirements of turbine power generation. The 2# baffle can only swing in one direction and can automatically clean the ash and slag to avoid the accumulation of ash and slag from the screen 111 of the inclined section 200 and the 1# baffle.
在溶盐段，常温冷却水从冷却水注入管124注入，一方面通过下部多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，对反应器底部起到抗腐蚀和盐沉积作用，另一方面常温水的冷却将反应流体降至亚临界温度，将废物自身携带和反应过程形成的可溶性无机盐的溶解，进而保证了后续为实现固体灰渣和浓盐水的分离。In the salt-dissolving section, the room temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124. On the one hand, a protective film is formed through the inner wall of the lower porous pipe to prevent corrosion and salt deposition at the bottom of the reactor. On the other hand, the cooling of the room temperature water reduces the reaction fluid. The temperature is lowered to the subcritical temperature, the waste is carried by itself and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, thereby ensuring the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine.
实施例2Example 2
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
图7示出本实施例的反应器，本实施例的反应器主要是基于现有反应器的进料口进行的改进。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 7 shows the reactor of this embodiment. The reactor of this embodiment is mainly an improvement based on the feed port of the existing reactor.
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
如图7～8所示，反应器，顶部为入口，底部为出口。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
As shown in Figures 7-8, the reactor has an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom.
反应器为同轴双壳结构，外壳用于承压，内壳为多孔结构。The reactor has a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is a porous structure.
反应器的外壳由1#上法兰101、1#下法兰138、上部直管承压壳132、3#上法兰128、3#下法兰119、下部直管承压壳120、下部锥形承压壳123依次连接而成。The shell of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, lower straight pipe pressure shell 120, and lower part. The conical pressure-bearing shells 123 are connected in sequence.
1#上法兰101和1#下法兰138通过1#螺栓102连接固定，并通过1#垫片139密封。1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
反应器的入口设置于1#上法兰101上：1#上法兰101上安装喷嘴和废物注入管107，所述喷嘴的出口端与锥形管103相连接。The inlet of the reactor is set on the 1# upper flange 101: a nozzle and a waste injection pipe 107 are installed on the 1# upper flange 101, and the outlet end of the nozzle is connected with the tapered pipe 103.
喷嘴由喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105组成；喷嘴外管104的出口端连接锥形管103；喷嘴外管104和喷嘴内管105间形成第一环隙，1#反应流体注入管106与喷嘴外管104连接，所述1#反应流体注入管106与喷嘴外管104和喷嘴内管105间的第一环隙相连通。喷嘴内管105用于辅助燃料的注入，已预热的辅助燃料和反应流体在同轴喷嘴末端形成混合，反应后喷出，通过锥形管103流道的缩小提高其喷射速度。The nozzle consists of a nozzle outer tube 104 and a nozzle inner tube 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected to a tapered tube 103; a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is connected to The nozzle outer tube 104 is connected, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 communicates with the first annulus between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used for the injection of auxiliary fuel. The preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, and sprayed out after the reaction, and the injection speed of the conical tube 103 is reduced by reducing the flow path.
作为优选的方案，所述锥形管103出口比喷嘴内管105出口伸入反应器长50～150mm。As a preferred solution, the outlet of the tapered tube 103 is 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner tube 105 extending into the reactor.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105和锥形管103为同轴设置。As a preferred solution, the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the tapered tube 103 are arranged coaxially.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴同轴固定于1#上法兰101的中心。As a preferred solution, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
1#上法兰101底部有第一凹槽，1#上法兰101侧面开设通孔，通孔与第一凹槽相连通，通孔入口连接废物注入管107。The bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, and the side of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected to the waste injection pipe 107.
引射器圆筒段137配合设置于1#上法兰101中的第一凹槽内，形成混合室，引射器锥形段136、引射器喉管135、引射器扩散段134分别依次连接，延伸于反应器内壳中，位于反应器的直立段上部。通过喷嘴出口的高温高压高速射流 物料，将废物吸入反应器中，实现常温低压废物的预热和升压。The ejector cylinder section 137 is fitted in the first groove in the 1# upper flange 101 to form a mixing chamber. The ejector cone section 136, the ejector throat 135, and the ejector diffusion section 134 are respectively They are connected in sequence, extending in the inner shell of the reactor, and located in the upper part of the upright section of the reactor. The high-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle sucks the waste into the reactor to realize the preheating and boosting of the normal temperature and low pressure waste.
作为优选的方案，所述第一凹槽同轴设置于1#上法兰101的中心底部。As a preferred solution, the first groove is coaxially arranged at the center bottom of the 1# upper flange 101.
上部直管承压壳132的上部侧壁设有2#保护流体注入管108，2#保护流体注入管108沿反应器周向均布2～4个入口。The upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2 to 4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
作为优选的方案，所述2#保护流体注入管108的出口朝向直立段顶部，实现空气沿反应器圆周和轴向的均匀分布。As a preferred solution, the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the upright section, so that the air is evenly distributed along the circumference and the axial direction of the reactor.
上部直管承压壳132的中部设有安装翅板133，安装翅板133用于反应器的吊装。A mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119通过3#螺栓连接126连接固定，3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119间通过3#垫片127密封。3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3 # bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
下部锥形承压壳123的上部设有冷却水注入管124，其中冷却水注入管124沿周向均布2～4个入口，且冷却水注入管124出口朝上，实现冷却水沿圆周和轴向的均匀分布。下部锥形承压壳123的底部连接液固排出管121，用于反应后的亚临界液体和固态灰渣的排出。The upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124, in which the cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe 124 faces upwards to realize the cooling water along the circumference and the axial direction. The uniform distribution. The bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the subcritical liquid and solid ash after the reaction.
反应器内壳为多孔管131。The inner shell of the reactor is a porous tube 131.
反应器内壳的顶部设的多孔管盖140，引射器圆筒段137穿过多孔管盖140。A porous tube cover 140 is provided on the top of the inner shell of the reactor, and the ejector cylinder section 137 passes through the porous tube cover 140.
本发明改进进料口的设计，废液通过低压废液泵和引射器的分级增压，解决高含固废液的增压泵的密封和磨损问题，进而对废液中固体颗粒的粒径及浓度限制要求大大降低；通过引射器的快速混合预热，解决高含固废液在预热过程中的腐蚀、沉积堵塞、换热效率低等问题。The invention improves the design of the feed inlet, and the waste liquid is pressurized in stages through the low-pressure waste liquid pump and ejector, which solves the problems of sealing and abrasion of the booster pump with high solid waste liquid, and further reduces the solid particles in the waste liquid. The diameter and concentration limit requirements are greatly reduced; the rapid mixing and preheating of the ejector solves the problems of corrosion, sedimentation blockage, and low heat exchange efficiency of the high-solid waste liquid during the preheating process.
实施例3Example 3
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
如图9所示为本实施例的反应器。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Figure 9 shows the reactor of this embodiment.
本实施的反应器由直立段100和倾斜段200组成，反应器的直立段100的顶部为入口，底部为出口；反应器的倾斜段200设置于直立段100的侧面，倾 斜段200与直立段100连通，倾斜段200的出口设置于上方，位于倾斜段200与直立段100连通处的远端。The reactor in this implementation is composed of an upright section 100 and an inclined section 200. The top of the upright section 100 of the reactor is the inlet and the bottom is the outlet; the inclined section 200 of the reactor is set on the side of the upright section 100, the inclined section 200 and the upright section 100 is connected, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above, at the far end of the place where the inclined section 200 communicates with the upright section 100.
所述反应器的直立段100入口和倾斜段200出口夹角为θ，0°＜θ＜90°。The angle between the inlet of the vertical section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is θ, 0°<θ<90°.
反应器直立段为同轴双壳结构，外壳用于承压，内壳为多孔结构。The vertical section of the reactor is a coaxial double shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is a porous structure.
反应器的直立段的外壳由1#上法兰101、1#下法兰138、上部直管承压壳132、3#上法兰128、3#下法兰119、下部直管承压壳120、下部锥形承压壳123依次连接而成。The shell of the vertical section of the reactor consists of 1# upper flange 101, 1# lower flange 138, upper straight pipe pressure shell 132, 3# upper flange 128, 3# lower flange 119, and lower straight pipe pressure shell. 120. The lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected in sequence.
1#上法兰101和1#下法兰138通过1#螺栓102连接固定，并通过1#垫片139密封。1# upper flange 101 and 1# lower flange 138 are connected and fixed by 1# bolt 102, and sealed by 1# gasket 139.
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
参见图6，喷嘴固定于1#上法兰101上；喷嘴由喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105组成；喷嘴外管104的出口端连接锥形管103。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
Referring to Fig. 6, the nozzle is fixed on the 1# upper flange 101; the nozzle is composed of the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected to the tapered tube 103.
作为优选的方案，所述锥形管103出口比喷嘴内管105出口伸入反应器长50～150mm。As a preferred solution, the outlet of the tapered tube 103 is 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner tube 105 extending into the reactor.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴外管104、喷嘴内管105和锥形管103为同轴设置。As a preferred solution, the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the tapered tube 103 are arranged coaxially.
作为优选的方案，所述喷嘴同轴固定于1#上法兰101的中心。As a preferred solution, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
喷嘴外管104和喷嘴内管105间形成第一环隙，1#反应流体注入管106与喷嘴外管104焊接连接，且1#反应流体注入管106与第一环隙相连通。喷嘴内管105用于辅助燃料的注入。A first annulus is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 is welded to the nozzle outer tube 104, and the 1# reaction fluid injection tube 106 communicates with the first annulus. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used to assist fuel injection.
已预热的辅助燃料和反应流体在同轴喷嘴末端形成混合，在反应室充分混合反应，并通过锥形管103流道的缩小提高其喷射速度。The preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, fully mixed and reacted in the reaction chamber, and the injection speed of the conical tube 103 is reduced by reducing the flow path.
1#上法兰101底部有第一凹槽，1#上法兰101侧面开设通孔，通孔与第一凹槽相连通，通孔入口连接废物注入管107。The bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, and the side of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected to the waste injection pipe 107.
引射器圆筒段137设置于1#上法兰101中的第一凹槽内，形成混合室，引射器锥形段136、引射器喉管135、引射器扩散段134分别依次连接，延伸于反 应器内壳中，位于反应器的直立段上部。通过喷嘴出口的高温高压高速射流物料，实现常温低压废物的预热和升压。The ejector cylinder section 137 is set in the first groove in the 1# upper flange 101 to form a mixing chamber. The ejector cone section 136, the ejector throat 135, and the ejector diverging section 134 are respectively in sequence. The connection extends in the inner shell of the reactor and is located in the upper part of the upright section of the reactor. The high-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle realizes the preheating and boosting of normal temperature and low pressure waste.
作为优选的方案，所述圆孔凹槽同轴设置于1#上法兰101的中心底部。As a preferred solution, the circular hole groove is coaxially arranged at the center bottom of the 1# upper flange 101.
上部直管承压壳132的上部侧壁设有2#保护流体注入管108，2#保护流体注入管108沿反应器周向均布2-4个入口。The upper side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108, and the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 is evenly distributed with 2-4 inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
作为优选的方案，所述2#保护流体注入管108的出口朝向直立段顶部，实现保护流体沿反应器圆周和轴向的均匀分布。As a preferred solution, the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the upright section, so as to achieve uniform distribution of the protective fluid along the circumference and axial direction of the reactor.
上部直管承压壳132的中部设有安装翅板133，安装翅板133用于反应器的吊装。A mounting fin 133 is provided in the middle of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, and the mounting fin 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119通过3#螺栓连接126连接固定，3#上法兰128和3#下法兰119间通过3#垫片127密封。3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are connected and fixed by 3 # bolt connection 126, and 3# upper flange 128 and 3# lower flange 119 are sealed by 3# gasket 127.
下部锥形承压壳123的上部设有冷却水注入管124，其中冷却水注入管124沿周向均布2～4个入口，且冷却水注入管124出口朝上，实现冷却水沿圆周和轴向的均匀分布。下部锥形承压壳123的底部连接液固排出管121，用于反应后的亚临界液体和固态灰渣的排出。The upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is provided with a cooling water injection pipe 124, in which the cooling water injection pipe 124 has 2 to 4 inlets evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe 124 faces upwards to realize the cooling water along the circumference and the axial direction. The uniform distribution. The bottom of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging the subcritical liquid and solid ash after the reaction.
反应器内壳包括上多孔管和下多孔管。上多孔管底部通过1#固定槽130固定。下多孔管顶部通过2#固定槽129固定，底部通过下部锥形承压壳123内的凹槽固定。The inner shell of the reactor includes an upper porous tube and a lower porous tube. The bottom of the upper porous pipe is fixed by the 1# fixing groove 130. The top of the lower porous tube is fixed by the 2# fixing groove 129, and the bottom is fixed by the groove in the lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
上多孔管包括上部多孔管直管段131，及设置于上部多孔管直管段131顶部的多孔管盖140，引射器圆筒段137穿过多孔管盖140。The upper porous pipe includes an upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131 and a porous pipe cover 140 arranged on the top of the upper porous pipe straight pipe section 131. The ejector cylinder section 137 passes through the porous pipe cover 140.
下多孔管包括下部多孔管直管段125和下部多孔管锥形段122。The lower porous pipe includes a lower porous pipe straight pipe section 125 and a lower porous pipe tapered section 122.
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
参见图4～6，倾斜段200连接上部直管承压壳132的下部。反应器的倾斜段200包括依次连接的倾斜承压外壳116、2#下法兰114、2#上法兰112，倾斜承压外壳116与上部直管承压壳132连通。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
4-6, the inclined section 200 is connected to the lower part of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132. The inclined section 200 of the reactor includes an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a 2# lower flange 114, and a 2# upper flange 112 that are connected in sequence, and the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is in communication with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
倾斜承压外壳116依次安装有1#挡板118、2#挡板117、3#挡板115。其中 1#挡板118和3#挡板115沿重力方向固定在倾斜承压外壳116上壁部，2#挡板117通过上部圆柱槽固定，且只可向上部直管承压壳132方向单向摆动。The inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is sequentially installed with 1 # baffle 118, 2 # baffle 117, and 3# baffle 115. Among them, the 1 # baffle 118 and 3# baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 along the direction of gravity, and the 2# baffle 117 is fixed by the upper cylindrical groove, and can only be used in the direction of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132. To swing.
2#下法兰114和2#上法兰112通过2#螺栓109连接固定，并通过2#垫片113密封。2# lower flange 114 and 2# upper flange 112 are connected and fixed by 2# bolt 109, and sealed by 2# gasket 113.
2#上法兰112下部设有第二凹槽，所述第二凹槽内置有丝网111，2#上法兰112上部设置开孔并连接蒸汽排出管110，用于反应后的蒸汽排出。The lower part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with a second groove, and the second groove is built with a wire mesh 111, and the upper part of the 2# upper flange 112 is provided with an opening and is connected with a steam discharge pipe 110 for discharging the steam after the reaction. .
所述第二凹槽设置于2#上法兰112下部的中心。The second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the 2# upper flange 112.
所述第二凹槽为同轴圆柱凹槽。The second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
本实施例的反应器结合了实施例1和2的改进优势。The reactor of this example combines the improved advantages of Examples 1 and 2.
在预热混合段，辅助燃料和反应流体通过喷嘴产生高温高压高速射流提供热源及压力能，废物被吸入引射器，进而实现快速升压和预热。喷嘴和引射器的耦合，实现了废物常温常压注入，达到超临界反应的条件。In the preheating mixing section, the auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid generate high temperature, high pressure, high speed jets through the nozzle to provide heat source and pressure energy, and the waste is sucked into the ejector to achieve rapid pressure increase and preheating. The coupling of the nozzle and the ejector realizes the normal temperature and pressure injection of the waste, and reaches the condition of the supercritical reaction.
在反应段，从反应器侧面2#保护流体注入管108注入大流量的保护流体，一方面可通过上多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，实现对反应区的抗腐蚀和盐沉积作用，另一方可强化含颗粒废物和水、氧气的传热传质，加快废物的氧化降解。此外，空气的比热相对较低，可降低空气对中心反应的冷却和抑制作用。In the reaction section, a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the 2# protective fluid injection pipe 108 on the side of the reactor. On the one hand, a protective film can be formed through the inner wall of the upper porous pipe to achieve corrosion resistance and salt deposition in the reaction zone, and on the other hand, it can be strengthened. The heat and mass transfer of particulate waste, water and oxygen accelerates the oxidative degradation of waste. In addition, the specific heat of air is relatively low, which can reduce the cooling and inhibiting effect of air on the central reaction.
在气固分离段，通过直立段的重力分离，大颗粒固态掉入下部，低密度蒸汽流向倾斜段。同时通过三层挡板的惯性分离作用去除大部分小颗粒固体，最后通过丝网去除微细颗粒，使蒸汽颗粒含量达到透平发电的要求。2#挡板只可单向摆动，可自动清理灰渣，避免倾斜段丝网及1#挡板掉下灰渣的积聚。In the gas-solid separation section, through the gravity separation of the vertical section, the large solid particles fall into the lower part, and the low-density steam flows to the inclined section. At the same time, most of the small particles are removed through the inertial separation of the three-layer baffle, and finally the fine particles are removed through the wire mesh, so that the content of steam particles can meet the requirements of turbine power generation. The 2# baffle can only swing in one direction and can automatically clean the ash and slag to avoid the accumulation of ash and slag from the inclined section of the wire mesh and the 1# baffle.
在溶盐段，常温冷却水从冷却水注入管124注入，一方面通过下部多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，对反应器底部起到抗腐蚀和盐沉积作用，另一方面常温水的冷却将反应流体降至亚临界温度，将废物自身携带和反应过程形成的可溶性无机盐的溶解，进而保证了后续为实现固体灰渣和浓盐水的分离。In the salt-dissolving section, the room temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124. On the one hand, a protective film is formed through the inner wall of the lower porous pipe to prevent corrosion and salt deposition at the bottom of the reactor. On the other hand, the cooling of the room temperature water reduces the reaction fluid. The temperature is lowered to the subcritical temperature, the waste is carried by itself and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, thereby ensuring the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine.
实施例4Example 4
[根据细则91更正 28.05.2020]　
本实施例为应用实施例3的反应器，设计的一种处理高含固量有机废弃物 的超临界水氧化反应系统，参见图10。[Corrected according to Rule 91 28.05.2020]
This example uses the reactor of Example 3 to design a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating organic waste with high solid content, as shown in FIG. 10.
所述反应系统，包括实施例3中所述的反应器，以及燃料管路300、反应流体输入管路400、保护流体输入管路500、废液管路600和冷却水管路700。The reaction system includes the reactor described in Embodiment 3, as well as a fuel pipe 300, a reaction fluid input pipe 400, a protective fluid input pipe 500, a waste liquid pipe 600, and a cooling water pipe 700.
所述燃料管路300与包括依次连接的燃料罐8、经燃料泵6、加热系统，所述加热系统出口所述与反应器1的燃料入口a管路连接；The fuel pipeline 300 is connected to a fuel tank 8, a fuel pump 6, and a heating system connected in sequence, and the heating system outlet is connected to the fuel inlet a of the reactor 1;
所述反应流体输入管路400包括依次连接的压缩机5、预热系统，所述预热系统出口与反应器1的反应流体入口b管路连接；The reaction fluid input pipeline 400 includes a compressor 5 and a preheating system connected in sequence, and the outlet of the preheating system is connected to the reaction fluid inlet b of the reactor 1 through a pipeline;
所述保护流体输入管路500包括依次连接的压缩机5、预热系统，所述预热系统出口与反应器1的保护流体入口d连接；The protection fluid input pipeline 500 includes a compressor 5 and a preheating system connected in sequence, and the outlet of the preheating system is connected to the protection fluid inlet d of the reactor 1;
所述废液管路600包括依次连接的废料罐10、废液泵11，所述废液泵11出口与反应器1的废液入口c连接；The waste liquid pipeline 600 includes a waste tank 10 and a waste liquid pump 11 connected in sequence, and the outlet of the waste liquid pump 11 is connected to the waste liquid inlet c of the reactor 1;
所述冷却水管路700包括依次连接的冷却水罐9、冷却水泵7，所述冷却水泵7与反应器的冷却水入口e管路连接。The cooling water pipeline 700 includes a cooling water tank 9 and a cooling water pump 7 connected in sequence, and the cooling water pump 7 is connected with the cooling water inlet e of the reactor.
反应器内的腐蚀和盐沉积问题是超临界水氧化技术工业化推广的巨大瓶颈。目前采用蒸发壁反应器是综合解决腐蚀和盐沉积问题较为有效的方法。这类反应器一般由承压外壳和多孔内壳组成，有机废液和氧化剂从反应器顶部注入，进行超临界水氧化反应，从而产生高温反应流体。采用低温蒸发水作为保护性流体，从反应器侧面注入到内壳与外壳之间的环隙；蒸发水可以平衡反应流体对多孔内壳的压力，使多孔内壳无需承压，同时避免承压外壳与反应流体接触；蒸发水通过多孔内壳渗入到反应器内并在多孔内壁形成一层亚临界水膜，该水膜能阻止无机酸与壁面的接触，并能溶解在超临界温度反应区析出的无机盐，可有效解决反应器内的腐蚀和盐沉积问题。采用蒸发壁反应器处理废水虽然可以大大缓解反应器内的腐蚀和盐沉积问题，但是采用去离子水作为保护流体时，由于低温蒸发水的比热大，对中心反应的冷却作用大，容易抑制超临界水氧化反应的进程。由于空气的比热较低，对中心反应流体的冷却作用较 小，因此反应流体与保护流体采用空气注入反应器中，空气经同一压缩机后，分为两条支路，一条支路与反应器1的b入口连接，作为反应流体输入管路400；另一支路与反应器1的d入口连接，作为保护流体输入管路500。Corrosion and salt deposition in the reactor are a huge bottleneck for the industrialization of supercritical water oxidation technology. At present, the use of evaporative wall reactors is a more effective method to comprehensively solve the problems of corrosion and salt deposition. This type of reactor is generally composed of a pressure-bearing outer shell and a porous inner shell. Organic waste liquid and oxidant are injected from the top of the reactor to perform supercritical water oxidation reaction, thereby generating high-temperature reaction fluid. Using low-temperature evaporated water as a protective fluid, injected from the side of the reactor into the annulus between the inner shell and the outer shell; the evaporated water can balance the pressure of the reaction fluid on the porous inner shell, so that the porous inner shell does not need to be pressurized and at the same time avoids pressure The outer shell is in contact with the reaction fluid; the evaporated water penetrates into the reactor through the porous inner shell and forms a subcritical water film on the porous inner wall. The water film can prevent the contact of inorganic acid with the wall surface and can be dissolved in the supercritical temperature reaction zone The precipitated inorganic salt can effectively solve the corrosion and salt deposition problems in the reactor. Although the use of evaporative wall reactor to treat wastewater can greatly alleviate the corrosion and salt deposition problems in the reactor, when deionized water is used as the protective fluid, due to the large specific heat of the low-temperature evaporating water, the cooling effect on the central reaction is large, and it is easy to inhibit The process of supercritical water oxidation reaction. Because the specific heat of air is low, the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is small, so the reaction fluid and the protection fluid are injected into the reactor with air. After the air passes through the same compressor, it is divided into two branches, one branch and the reaction The b inlet of the reactor 1 is connected as a reaction fluid input pipeline 400; the other branch is connected with the d inlet of the reactor 1 as a protective fluid input pipeline 500.
本反应系统还包括沉降池21，所述沉降池21入口与反应器的出口f连接，出口分别与2#换热器3和1#换热器4管路连接，对反应器f出口排出的反应产物的热能进行逐级回收，实现对燃料和/或空气进行预热。The reaction system also includes a sedimentation tank 21, the inlet of the sedimentation tank 21 is connected to the outlet f of the reactor, and the outlet is respectively connected to the 2 # heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4 pipelines, which discharge the gas from the outlet of the reactor f The heat energy of the reaction product is recovered step by step to realize preheating of fuel and/or air.
进一步的，还包括3#换热器17，3#换热器17分别与所述2#换热器3和1#换热器4的反应流体出口端管路连接，用于进一步回收反应产物的余热。Further, it also includes 3 # heat exchanger 17, 3# heat exchanger 17 is respectively connected with the reaction fluid outlet end pipes of the 2 # heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4 for further recovery of reaction products Of waste heat.
本反应系统还包括透平机16，所述透平机16与反应器的g出口管路连接，用于对反应器的g出口排出反应产物的热能进行回收。The reaction system also includes a turbine 16 which is connected to the g outlet pipe of the reactor and is used for recovering the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the g outlet of the reactor.
所述加热系统包括1#换热器4和电加热器2，所述1#换热器4经电加热器2与与反应器1的a入口管路连接。The heating system includes 1# heat exchanger 4 and an electric heater 2, and the 1# heat exchanger 4 is connected to the a inlet pipeline of the reactor 1 via the electric heater 2.
工作原理working principle
燃料罐8中的低分子燃料溶液通过燃料泵6升压、1#换热器4和电加热器2的预热后，通过反应器1的a入口进入反应器1；同时空气经压缩机5升压及2#换热器3预热后分为两支路，一支路空气经反应器1的b入口注入反应器，与燃料在同轴喷嘴末端混合快速反应，并释放大量的热量进而形成高温高压高速射流混合物。废料罐10中的废物通过添加碱性物质、水等添加剂调质形成高含固有机废液，经废液泵初步升压(＜1MPa)，从反应器1的c入口进入反应器。高速射流的射流卷吸作用将废液吸入引射器混合室，实现废液快速升温升压至超临界反应条件。以此同时，另一路空气从反应器的d入口注入，其中d入口沿圆周均布多个入口。空气首先均布在上多孔管和反应器直立段外壳间的环隙，进而渗透进入上多孔管内，并在上多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，通过对上多孔管内壁面的持续冲刷和溶解起到防腐蚀和盐沉积的作用。此外，由于空气的比热较低，对中心反应流体的冷却作用较小，大流量空气的注入实现上多孔管 的良好保护。同时，空气提供的径向速度可强化与引射器出口排出的反应物的传热传质，加快高含固有机废弃物的降解。彻底降解后的反应产物在反应器直立段的中下部首先进行重力分离，低密度蒸汽经三层挡板和丝网过滤和达到透平发电的要求，从反应器的g出口排出，进入透平机16做功并带动发电机12发电，乏汽进入1#气液分离器13实现分离排放。The low-molecular-weight fuel solution in the fuel tank 8 is boosted by the fuel pump 6 and preheated by the 1# heat exchanger 4 and the electric heater 2, and then enters the reactor 1 through the a inlet of the reactor 1; at the same time, the air passes through the compressor 5 After the booster and 2# heat exchanger 3 are preheated, they are divided into two branches. One branch of air is injected into the reactor through the b inlet of reactor 1, mixed with fuel at the end of the coaxial nozzle and reacts quickly, and releases a large amount of heat. The formation of high temperature, high pressure and high speed jet mixture. The waste in the waste tank 10 is tempered by adding alkaline substances, water and other additives to form a high-content organic waste liquid, which is initially boosted by a waste liquid pump (<1MPa), and enters the reactor from the c inlet of the reactor 1. The jet entrainment effect of the high-speed jet draws the waste liquid into the mixing chamber of the ejector to realize the rapid temperature rise and pressure increase of the waste liquid to the supercritical reaction conditions. At the same time, another path of air is injected from the d inlet of the reactor, where the d inlet is evenly distributed with multiple inlets along the circumference. The air is uniformly distributed in the annulus between the upper porous tube and the shell of the vertical section of the reactor, and then penetrates into the upper porous tube, and forms a protective film on the inner wall of the upper porous tube. The role of corrosion and salt deposition. In addition, due to the low specific heat of the air, the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is small, and the injection of large flow air realizes the good protection of the upper porous tube. At the same time, the radial velocity provided by the air can strengthen the heat and mass transfer with the reactants discharged from the ejector outlet, and accelerate the degradation of high-content organic waste. The completely degraded reaction product is firstly separated by gravity in the middle and lower part of the vertical section of the reactor. The low-density steam is filtered by three-layer baffle and wire mesh to meet the requirements of turbine power generation, and is discharged from the g outlet of the reactor and enters the turbine. The engine 16 performs work and drives the generator 12 to generate electricity, and the exhausted steam enters the 1# gas-liquid separator 13 to achieve separation and discharge.
冷却水罐9中的去离子水经冷却水泵7升压，通过e入口注入反应器，其首先充满反应器底部外壳和下多孔管间的环隙，进而渗入下多孔管，一方面在下多孔管内壁面形成保护膜，对反应器内部起到抗腐蚀和盐沉积作用。此外，水的比热大，常温冷却水可快速实现重力分离下来的灰渣和沉积盐的冷却。冷却后的产物从反应器f口流出，进入沉降池21。沉降池21上部排出的液体分流进入2#换热器3和1#换热器4，分别对燃料和空气进行预热，换热后的反应产物再进入3#换热器17，通过冷却水冷却及背压阀15降压后，进入2#气液分离器14，实现气液排放。沉降池21底部依次连接1#截止阀20、灰渣罐19、2#截止阀18。沉降池底部的固体灰渣通过1#截止阀20和2#截止阀18的交替开关，将固体灰渣排出收集。The deionized water in the cooling water tank 9 is pressurized by the cooling water pump 7 and injected into the reactor through the e-inlet. It first fills the annulus between the bottom shell of the reactor and the lower porous pipe, and then penetrates into the lower porous pipe. A protective film is formed on the wall to resist corrosion and salt deposition inside the reactor. In addition, the specific heat of water is large, and the cooling water at room temperature can quickly cool the ash and sedimentary salt separated by gravity. The cooled product flows out from the f port of the reactor and enters the settling tank 21. The liquid discharged from the upper part of the sedimentation tank 21 is divided into 2 # heat exchanger 3 and 1# heat exchanger 4, respectively, to preheat the fuel and air. After the cooling and back pressure valve 15 is depressurized, it enters the 2# gas-liquid separator 14 to realize gas-liquid discharge. The bottom of the sedimentation tank 21 is connected to the 1# stop valve 20, the ash tank 19, and the 2# stop valve 18 in sequence. The solid ash at the bottom of the sedimentation tank passes through the alternate switching of the 1# cut-off valve 20 and the 2# cut-off valve 18, and the solid ash is discharged and collected.
上述实施例4中的反应器，还可以替换为实施例1或2中的反应器，其基本原理相通，在此不作一一赘述。The reactor in the above embodiment 4 can also be replaced with the reactor in the embodiment 1 or 2, and the basic principles are the same, so I will not repeat them here.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，包括直立段(100)，所述直立段(100)顶部为入口，底部为出口；A supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing high solid content organic waste, comprising a vertical section (100), the top of the vertical section (100) is an inlet and the bottom is an outlet;
    所述直立段(100)包括承压外壳和具有多孔结构的内壳；所述承压外壳包括依次连接的1#上法兰(101)、1#下法兰(138)、上部直管承压壳(132)、下部直管承压壳(120)、下部锥形承压壳(123)；The upright section (100) includes a pressure-bearing shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell includes 1# upper flange (101), 1# lower flange (138), and upper straight pipe bearing connected in sequence. Pressure shell (132), lower straight pipe pressure shell (120), lower cone pressure shell (123);
    所述上部直管承压壳(132)侧壁设有2#保护流体注入管(108)，所述下部锥形承压壳(123)的上部设有冷却水注入管(124)；The side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell (132) is provided with a 2# protective fluid injection pipe (108), and the upper part of the lower conical pressure-bearing shell (123) is provided with a cooling water injection pipe (124);
    其特征在于，还包括倾斜段(200)，反应器的倾斜段(200)设置于直立段(100)的侧面；倾斜段(200)的一端与直立段(100)连通，另一端设置出口。It is characterized in that it further comprises an inclined section (200), the inclined section (200) of the reactor is arranged on the side of the upright section (100); one end of the inclined section (200) is connected with the upright section (100), and the other end is provided with an outlet.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，其特征在于，反应器的倾斜段(200)包括依次连接的倾斜承压外壳(116)、2#下法兰(114)、2#上法兰(112)；所述2#上法兰(112)与蒸汽排出管(110)连通；所述倾斜承压外壳(116)内部依次安装有1#挡板(118)、2#挡板(117)、3#挡板(115)。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing high solids organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined section (200) of the reactor comprises inclined pressure-bearing shells (116), 2# lower connected in sequence Flange (114), 2# upper flange (112); the 2# upper flange (112) communicates with the steam discharge pipe (110); the inclined pressure-bearing shell (116) is installed with 1# gear in sequence Plate (118), 2# baffle (117), 3# baffle (115).
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，其特征在于，所述2#挡板(117)只向直立段(100)一侧单方向摆动。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content according to claim 2, characterized in that the 2# baffle (117) only swings in one direction to one side of the vertical section (100).
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，其特征在于，所述2#上法兰(112)上安装有丝网(111)。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a wire mesh (111) is installed on the 2# upper flange (112).
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应器，其特征在于，所述2#保护流体注入管(108)的出口向上，朝向直立段(100)顶部。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for processing organic waste with high solid content according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe (108) is upward and toward the top of the upright section (100).
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的处理高含固量有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反 应器，其特征在于，冷却水注入管(124)出口朝向直立段(100)顶部。The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste with high solid content according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe (124) faces the top of the upright section (100).
  7. 一种处理该含固有机废弃物的超临界水氧化反应系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1～6任意一项所述的反应器，以及分别与所述反应器的入口管路连接的燃料管路(300)、反应流体输入管路(400)、保护流体输入管路(500)、废液管路(600)和冷却水管路(700)。A supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating the inherent organic waste, which is characterized by comprising the reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and fuels respectively connected to the inlet pipes of the reactor The pipeline (300), the reaction fluid input pipeline (400), the protection fluid input pipeline (500), the waste liquid pipeline (600) and the cooling water pipeline (700).
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的反应系统，其特征在于，还包括沉降池(21)，所述沉降池(21)入口与反应器的出口连接，出口与反应流体输入管路和/或保护流体输入管路的换热器连接，两向流体在换热器中进行间壁换热。The reaction system according to claim 7, further comprising a settling tank (21), the inlet of the settling tank (21) is connected with the outlet of the reactor, and the outlet is connected with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input The heat exchanger of the pipeline is connected, and the two-way fluid exchanges heat between the walls in the heat exchanger.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的反应系统，其特征在于，反应系统还包括3#换热器(17)，所述沉降池出口依次与反应流体输入管路和/或保护流体输入管路的换热器、3#换热器管路连接。，用于进一步回收反应产物余热。The reaction system according to claim 8, characterized in that, the reaction system further comprises 3# heat exchanger (17), the outlet of the sedimentation tank in turn exchanges heat with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input pipeline器, 3# heat exchanger pipeline connection. , Used to further recover the waste heat of the reaction product.
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的反应系统，其特征在于，反应系统还包括透平机16，所述透平机(16)与反应器的倾斜段(200)出口管路连接，对反应器倾斜段(200)出口排出的反应产物的热能进行回收。The reaction system according to claim 7, characterized in that the reaction system further comprises a turbine 16, said turbine (16) is connected with the outlet pipe of the inclined section (200) of the reactor, and is connected to the inclined section of the reactor. (200) The heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet is recovered.
PCT/CN2020/080633 2020-03-23 2020-03-23 Supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste having high solid content and system thereof WO2021189184A1 (en)

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CN114890384A (en) * 2022-05-07 2022-08-12 深圳市沃尔奔达新能源股份有限公司 Distributed energy supply system
CN114890384B (en) * 2022-05-07 2023-09-26 深圳市沃尔奔达新能源股份有限公司 Distributed energy supply system
CN115159757A (en) * 2022-07-06 2022-10-11 深圳市华尔信环保科技有限公司 Supercritical water gasification reaction system for high-salinity organic wastewater
CN115159757B (en) * 2022-07-06 2023-07-25 深圳市华尔信环保科技有限公司 Supercritical water gasification reaction system for high-salt organic wastewater

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