CN115605440A - Supercritical water oxidation reactor and system for treating high-solid-content organic waste - Google Patents
Supercritical water oxidation reactor and system for treating high-solid-content organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN115605440A CN115605440A CN202080094166.8A CN202080094166A CN115605440A CN 115605440 A CN115605440 A CN 115605440A CN 202080094166 A CN202080094166 A CN 202080094166A CN 115605440 A CN115605440 A CN 115605440A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high-solid-content organic wastes, which consists of an upright section and an inclined section, wherein the top of the upright section of the reactor is provided with an inlet, the bottom of the upright section of the reactor is provided with an outlet, and the inclined section of the reactor is arranged on the side surface of the upright section; one end of the inclined section is communicated with the vertical section, and the other end of the inclined section is provided with an outlet. Also discloses a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating the intrinsic organic waste by using the reactor. The invention ensures that the gas-solid separation is carried out after the reactants are fully degraded by arranging the inclined section of the reactor, thereby improving the quality of the recovered steam.
Description
The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, in particular to a supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high-solid-content organic waste and a system thereof.
The treatment of high-concentration, toxic and nondegradable organic wastewater is a well-known technical problem at home and abroad. The traditional organic wastewater treatment technology (such as physical and chemical treatment technology, biological treatment technology, wet oxidation, incineration and the like) has the problems of high cost, low degradation rate, easy derivation of secondary pollution and the like. Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO), as a novel technique for treating organic wastewater, is one of the methods for effectively solving this problem.
Supercritical water oxidation is carried out at a temperature exceeding the critical point (P) of water C ＝22.1MPa，T C And (3) =374 ℃) under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and performing combustion oxidation on the organic matters by using air or other oxidants. The polarity of water is a function of temperature and pressure, and supercritical water is a non-polar solvent. Under the environment of supercritical water, organic matters and gas can be completely dissolved mutually, the phase interface of gas phase and liquid phase disappears, a homogeneous phase system is formed, and the reaction speed is greatly accelerated. Over 99.9% of the organics are rapidly combusted to CO in a residence time of less than 1 minute or even a few seconds 2 、H 2 O and other non-toxic and harmless end products. The reaction temperature is generally 400-650 ℃, SO that SO is avoided 2 Secondary pollutants such as NOx and dioxin.
In order to avoid the scaling problem of the reactor and subsequent equipment, the fluid after reaction generally needs to be reduced to subcritical temperature to realize the dissolution and discharge of soluble inorganic salt and simultaneously separate insoluble ash. However, the high-solid-content waste liquid is easy to corrode and block in the heat recovery process after reaction, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange device is greatly reduced, the energy grade of the reaction fluid is greatly reduced, and the energy consumption of the system is greatly increased. Some researchers adopt a counter-flow reactor structure, an outlet is arranged at the upper part of the reactor, low-density fluid after reaction flows upwards in a counter-flow manner, and then steam can be recycled, but unreacted materials easily flow out of the reactor together, and the solid is not completely removed, so that a wire mesh is easy to block, and the requirements of turbine power generation cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste, solve the problem of recovering heat energy of reaction products, achieve high-grade reaction heat recovery, and reduce system energy consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating the high-solid-content organic waste comprises an upright section and an inclined section, wherein the top of the upright section of the reactor is provided with an inlet, the bottom of the upright section of the reactor is provided with an outlet, and the inclined section of the reactor is arranged on the side surface of the upright section; one end of the inclined section is communicated with the vertical section, and the other end of the inclined section is provided with an outlet.
This application is through the setting of reactor slope section, guarantees that rethread slope section carries out gas-solid separation after the reactant fully degrades, and steam is discharged from the slope section and is retrieved steam heat energy.
The reactor vertical section comprises a pressure-bearing outer shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell comprises a No. 1 upper flange, a No. 1 lower flange, an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell, a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell which are connected in sequence;
the inclined section of the reactor comprises an inclined pressure-bearing shell, a No. 2 lower flange and a No. 2 upper flange which are connected in sequence; the No. 2 upper flange is communicated with a steam discharge pipe; a No. 1 baffle, a No. 2 baffle and a No. 3 baffle are sequentially arranged in the inclined pressure-bearing shell.
The 2# baffle swings to one side of the vertical section in a single direction.
And a 2# upper flange is provided with a silk screen, and steam discharged from the inclined section is discharged from a steam discharge pipe after solid particles are intercepted by the silk screen.
The reactor of the invention can separate solid particles in reaction products step by adopting gravity, folded plates and silk screens through the arrangement of the vertical section and the inclined section, thereby greatly improving the quality of steam and further greatly reducing the energy consumption of the system.
The included angle theta between the inlet of the vertical section and the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.
And a 2# protective fluid injection pipe is arranged on the side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell, and an outlet of the 2# protective fluid injection pipe faces upwards and faces the top of the vertical section. The problem of uniformity of the injected protective fluid can affect the formation of the protective film on the inner wall of the perforated pipe, and the fluid film is easily distributed unevenly, so that the problems of local corrosion, scaling and overheating are caused. The invention realizes the corrosion resistance, salt deposition, scaling and other problems of the reaction in the reactor and the subcritical region by the arrangement mode of the porous inner shell of the reactor and the protective fluid injection pipe.
The 2# protective fluid injection pipe is provided with a plurality of inlets along the circumference of the reactor.
The upper part of the lower conical pressure bearing shell is provided with a cooling water injection pipe, and the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe faces the opening direction of the vertical section.
The cooling water injection pipe is circumferentially provided with a plurality of inlets.
A nozzle is arranged on the No. 1 upper flange; the nozzle consists of a nozzle outer pipe, a nozzle inner pipe and a waste injection pipe;
a first annular space is formed between the nozzle outer pipe and the nozzle inner pipe, and a second annular space is formed between the nozzle outer pipe and the waste injection pipe; the No. 1 reaction fluid injection pipe is welded on the outer pipe of the nozzle, and the No. 1 reaction fluid injection pipe is communicated with the first annular space. The nozzle inner tube is used for auxiliary fuel injection.
In the prior art, waste liquid is generally boosted by a high-pressure plunger pump or a diaphragm pump, wherein a sealing ring, a diaphragm, a plunger and the like are easy to wear to affect sealing, so that stable boosting of high-content solid waste liquid cannot be realized.
Aiming at the problem, the invention also discloses an improved supercritical water oxidation reactor, wherein the top of the reactor is an inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is an outlet.
The reactor comprises a pressure-bearing outer shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell comprises a No. 1 upper flange, a No. 1 lower flange, an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell, a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell which are connected in sequence;
the inlet of the reactor is arranged on the No. 1 upper flange: a nozzle and a waste injection pipe are arranged on the No. 1 upper flange, the outlet end of the nozzle is connected with the conical pipe, and an ejector is sleeved on the nozzle; the nozzle is used for auxiliary fuel and reaction fluid injection, and the waste injection pipe is used for waste liquid injection.
The ejector cylindrical section of the ejector is sleeved with the nozzle, and the waste injection pipe is communicated with the ejector cylindrical section of the ejector. The auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are jetted at high temperature, high pressure and high speed through the nozzle outlet to provide heat source and pressure energy, and the waste is sucked into the ejector to realize quick pressure rise and preheating.
The nozzle consists of a nozzle outer pipe and a nozzle inner pipe; the outlet end of the nozzle outer pipe is connected with a conical pipe; a first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer pipe and the nozzle inner pipe, the No. 1 reaction fluid injection pipe is connected with the nozzle outer pipe, and the No. 1 reaction fluid injection pipe is communicated with the first annular gap between the nozzle outer pipe and the nozzle inner pipe.
The outlet of the conical pipe extends into the reactor by 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner pipe; so that a combustion chamber is formed between the outlet of the inner pipe of the nozzle and the outlet of the conical pipe, and the fuel and the oxygen can fully react to form high-temperature and high-pressure fluid.
The bottom of the No. 1 upper flange is provided with a first groove, and the cylindrical section of the ejector is arranged in the groove in the No. 1 upper flange to form a mixing chamber; a through hole is formed in the side face of the 1# upper flange, and the inlet of the through hole is connected with a waste injection pipe; the through hole is communicated with the ejector cylinder section.
The ejector conical section, the ejector throat pipe and the ejector diffusion section are respectively connected in sequence, extend into the reactor inner shell and are positioned at the upper part of the vertical section of the reactor.
The design of the waste liquid feeding port of the reactor is improved, the waste liquid is introduced into the reactor through the graded pressurization of the low-pressure waste liquid pump and the ejector, the problems of sealing and abrasion of the high-solid-content waste liquid booster pump are solved, and the requirements on the particle size and concentration of solid particles in the waste liquid are greatly reduced; through the rapid mixing preheating of ejector, solve the high solid waste liquid of containing corrosion, deposit jam, heat exchange efficiency low grade problem in preheating the process.
The invention also discloses a supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating the high-solid-content organic waste, which comprises the reactor, and a fuel pipeline, a reaction fluid input pipeline, a protection fluid input pipeline, a waste liquid pipeline and a cooling water pipeline which are respectively connected with the reactor pipeline.
According to the reaction system, the fuel and the reaction fluid are heated and then enter the reactor, the waste liquid does not need to be heated at high temperature and enters the reactor, and under the flow injection effect of the high-temperature and high-pressure fuel and the reaction fluid, the waste liquid is mixed and heated in the mixing chamber of the reactor, so that the problems of corrosion, deposition blockage, low heat exchange efficiency and the like of the high-solid content waste liquid in the preheating process are solved.
Because the specific heat of water is higher and the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is larger, the invention adopts air with lower specific heat as the reaction fluid and the protective fluid which are respectively injected into the reactor.
The reaction system also comprises a sedimentation tank, wherein the inlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with the outlet of the reactor, the outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with a heat exchanger of the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input pipeline, the two-way fluid carries out partition wall heat exchange in the heat exchanger, the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet of the reactor is recovered, and the fuel and/or the air is preheated.
Further, the reaction system also comprises a 3# heat exchanger, and the outlet of the sedimentation tank is sequentially connected with the heat exchanger of the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the protection fluid input pipeline and the 3# heat exchanger pipeline. And the 3# heat exchanger is used for further recovering the waste heat of the reaction product.
The reaction system also comprises a turbine, wherein the turbine is connected with an outlet pipeline of the inclined section of the reactor and used for recovering the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet of the inclined section of the reactor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention ensures that the gas-solid separation is carried out after the reactants are fully degraded by arranging the inclined section of the reactor, and the heat energy of the steam is recovered.
And the particles are further removed by adopting gravity separation and folded plate and silk screen three-stage separation, so that the quality of steam is greatly improved, and the energy consumption of the system can be greatly reduced.
The cooling water injection pipe design of reactor dissolving section adopts the cooling water rapid cooling, realizes dissolving of soluble salt to combine solid-liquid separation, realize the separation of lime-ash and strong brine, improve follow-up equipment heat exchange efficiency and stability.
Through the uniform arrangement of the porous inner shell of the reactor and the protective fluid injection pipe, the problems of corrosion resistance, salt deposition, scaling and the like of the reaction in the reactor and a subcritical region are solved.
FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a reactor in example 1;
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of portion A1 in FIG. 1;
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion A2 in FIG. 1;
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of portion A3 of FIG. 1;
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of portion A31 in FIG. 4;
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion A0 in FIG. 1;
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] FIG. 7 is a view showing the structure of a reactor in example 2;
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of portion A4 of FIG. 5;
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] FIG. 9 is a view showing the structure of a reactor in example 3;
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a supercritical water oxidation reaction system.
Reference numerals:
100: upright section, 200: inclined section, 300: fuel line, 400: reaction fluid input line, 500: protection fluid input line, 600: waste liquid line, 700: a cooling water line;
101:1# upper flange, 102: bolt # 1, 103: tapered tube, 104: nozzle outer tube, 105: nozzle inner tube, 106:1# reaction fluid injection tube, 107: waste injection pipe, 108:2# protective fluid injection tube, 109: bolt # 2, 110: steam discharge pipe, 111: wire mesh, 112:2# upper flange, 113:2# gasket, 114:2# lower flange, 115:3# baffle, 116: inclined pressure-bearing housing, 117:2# baffle, 118:1# baffle, 119:3# lower flange, 120: lower straight tube pressure-bearing shell, 121: liquid-solid discharge pipe, 122: lower perforated pipe conical section, 123: lower tapered pressure-bearing shell, 124: cooling water injection pipe, 125: lower perforated pipe straight section, 126:3# bolt, 127:3# shim, 128:3# upper flange, 129:2# fixing groove, 130:1# fixation groove, 131: upper perforated pipe straight section, 132: upper straight tube pressure-bearing shell, 133: mounting the fin plate, 134: ejector diffuser section, 135: ejector throat, 136: injector conical section, 137: injector cylinder section, 138:1# lower flange, 139:1# gasket, 140: a porous tube cover;
1: reactor, 2: electric heater, 3:2# heat exchanger, 4:1# heat exchanger, 5: compressor, 6: fuel pump, 7: cooling water pump, 8: fuel tank, 9: deionized water tank, 10: canister, 11: waste liquid pump, 12: a generator, 13:1# gas-liquid separator, 14:2# gas-liquid separator, 15: back pressure valve, 16: turbine, 17:3# Heat exchanger, 18:2# stop valve, 19: ash slag pot, 20:1# stop valve, 21: and (4) a sedimentation tank.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
FIG. 1 shows a reactor according to this example.
[ correcting 28.05.2020 according to rule 91 ] As shown in FIGS. 1-6, the reactor is composed of a vertical section 100 and an inclined section 200, the top of the vertical section 100 of the reactor is an inlet, and the bottom is an outlet; the inclined section 200 of the reactor is arranged at the side of the upright section 100, the inclined section 200 is communicated with the upright section 100, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above and at the far end of the position where the inclined section 200 is communicated with the upright section 100.
The included angle between the inlet of the upright section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is theta, and the theta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.
The reactor upright section 100 is a coaxial double-shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is a porous structure.
The shell of the reactor upright section 100 is formed by sequentially connecting a No. 1 upper flange 101, a No. 1 lower flange 138, an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, a No. 3 upper flange 128, a No. 3 lower flange 119, a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 120 and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
The # 1 upper flange 101 and the # 1 lower flange 138 are fixedly connected through the # 1 bolt 102 and sealed by the # 1 gasket 139.
The inlet of the reactor is arranged on the No. 1 upper flange 101: a nozzle is arranged on the No. 1 upper flange 101; the nozzle is composed of a nozzle outer pipe 104, a nozzle inner pipe 105 and a waste injection pipe 107;
a first annular space is formed between the nozzle outer pipe 104 and the nozzle inner pipe 105, and a second annular space is formed between the nozzle outer pipe 104 and the waste injection pipe 107; the # 1 reaction fluid injection pipe 106 is welded to the nozzle outer pipe 104, and the # 1 reaction fluid injection pipe 106 communicates with the first annulus. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used for injection of the auxiliary fuel.
Preferably, the outer nozzle pipe 104, the inner nozzle pipe 105 and the waste injection pipe 107 are coaxially disposed.
Preferably, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
The preheated secondary fuel, reaction fluid (e.g., air), and waste material are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle and reacted.
The upper side wall of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108, and 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 along the circumferential direction of the reactor.
Preferably, the outlet of the # 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces upward, and uniform distribution of air along the circumference and the axial direction of the reactor is realized.
The middle part of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a mounting fin plate 133, and the mounting fin plate 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
The # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119 are fixedly connected through a # 3 bolt connection 126, and a # 3 gasket 127 is used for sealing between the # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119.
The upper portion of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is provided with cooling water injection pipes 124, 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the cooling water injection pipes 124 along the circumferential direction, outlets of the cooling water injection pipes 124 face upwards, and uniform distribution of cooling water along the circumferential direction and the axial direction is achieved. The bottom of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging subcritical liquid and solid ash after reaction.
The reactor inner shell includes an upper perforated tube and a lower perforated tube. The bottom of the upper perforated pipe is fixed by a # 1 fixing groove 130. The top of the lower perforated tube is secured by # 2 securing slots 129 and the bottom is secured by grooves in the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123.
The upper perforated pipe includes an upper perforated pipe straight section 131, and a perforated pipe cover 140 disposed on top of the upper perforated pipe straight section 131.
The lower perforated pipe includes a lower perforated pipe straight section 125 and a lower perforated pipe tapered section 122.
The inclined section 200 connects the lower portions of the upper straight tube pressure-bearing shells 132. The inclined section 200 of the reactor comprises an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a No. 2 lower flange 114 and a No. 2 upper flange 112 which are connected in sequence, wherein the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is communicated with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
The inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is provided with a No. 1 baffle 118, a No. 2 baffle 117 and a No. 3 baffle 115 in sequence. The No. 1 baffle 118 and the No. 3 baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall part of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 along the gravity direction, and the No. 2 baffle 117 is fixed through an upper cylindrical groove and can only swing in one direction towards the direction of the upright section 100.
The # 2 lower flange 114 and the # 2 upper flange 112 are fixedly connected through a # 2 bolt 109 and sealed by a # 2 gasket 113.
A second groove is formed in the lower portion of the No. 2 upper flange 112, a wire mesh 111 is arranged in the second groove, an opening is formed in the upper portion of the No. 2 upper flange 112 and communicated with the steam discharge pipe 110, and after the reacted steam is further filtered through the wire mesh 111, the reacted steam is discharged through the steam discharge pipe 110.
The second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the # 2 upper flange 112.
The second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
Through the structure of the reactor, the reactor can be divided into a mixing section, a reaction section, a gas-solid separation section and a salt dissolving section from top to bottom.
In the mixing section, the secondary fuel, waste and air are injected into the reactor through nozzles to mix.
In the reaction section, a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 on the side surface of the reactor, on one hand, a protective film can be formed through the inner wall surface of the upper porous pipe, so that the corrosion resistance and the salt deposition effect on the reaction zone are realized, on the other hand, the heat and mass transfer of the waste containing particles, water and oxygen can be enhanced, and the oxidative degradation of the waste is accelerated.
In the gas-solid separation section, large particles fall into the lower part in a solid state through gravity separation of the vertical section, and low-density steam flows to the inclined section. Meanwhile, most small particle solids are removed through the inertia separation effect of the three layers of baffles, and finally fine particles are removed through the silk screen, so that high-grade steam is obtained, and the requirement of turbine power generation is met. The No. 2 baffle can only swing in one direction, ash can be automatically cleaned, and accumulation of ash falling off by the silk screen 111 of the inclined section 200 and the No. 1 baffle is avoided.
In the salt dissolving section, normal temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124, on one hand, a protective film is formed through the inner wall surface of the lower porous pipe, so that the bottom of the reactor is subjected to corrosion resistance and salt deposition, on the other hand, the reaction fluid is cooled to be at a subcritical temperature by cooling the normal temperature water, the waste is carried and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, and then the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine is ensured.
Example 2
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] FIG. 7 shows a reactor of this example, which is mainly based on the modification of the feed inlet of the existing reactor.
[ correction 28.05.2020 by rule 91 ] As shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, the reactor has an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom.
The reactor is of a coaxial double-shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is of a porous structure.
The shell of the reactor is formed by sequentially connecting a 1# upper flange 101, a 1# lower flange 138, an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, a 3# upper flange 128, a 3# lower flange 119, a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 120 and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
The # 1 upper flange 101 and the # 1 lower flange 138 are fixedly connected through the # 1 bolt 102 and sealed by the # 1 gasket 139.
The inlet of the reactor is arranged on the No. 1 upper flange 101: the upper flange 101 # 1 is provided with a nozzle, the outlet end of which is connected to the tapered pipe 103, and a waste inlet pipe 107.
The nozzle consists of a nozzle outer pipe 104 and a nozzle inner pipe 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected with the conical tube 103; a first annular space is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, the # 1 reaction fluid injection tube 106 is connected to the nozzle outer tube 104, and the # 1 reaction fluid injection tube 106 is communicated with the first annular space between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used for injecting the auxiliary fuel, and the preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, and are ejected after reaction, and the ejection speed is improved by the reduction of the flow passage of the conical tube 103.
Preferably, the outlet of the conical pipe 103 extends into the reactor 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner pipe 105.
Preferably, the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the conical tube 103 are coaxially arranged.
Preferably, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
The bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, the side surface of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected with a waste injection pipe 107.
The ejector cylindrical section 137 is arranged in a first groove in the No. 1 upper flange 101 in a matching mode to form a mixing chamber, and the ejector conical section 136, the ejector throat 135 and the ejector diffusion section 134 are connected in sequence respectively, extend into the inner shell of the reactor and are located at the upper portion of the vertical section of the reactor. The waste is sucked into the reactor through the high-temperature high-pressure high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle, so that the preheating and the pressure boosting of the waste at normal temperature and low pressure are realized.
Preferably, the first groove is coaxially disposed at the central bottom of the # 1 upper flange 101.
The upper side wall of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108, and 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 along the circumferential direction of the reactor.
Preferably, the outlet of the # 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the vertical section, and uniform distribution of air along the circumference and the axial direction of the reactor is realized.
The middle part of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a mounting fin plate 133, and the mounting fin plate 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
The # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119 are fixedly connected through a # 3 bolt connection 126, and a # 3 gasket 127 is used for sealing between the # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119.
The upper portion of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is provided with cooling water injection pipes 124, wherein 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the cooling water injection pipes 124 along the circumferential direction, and outlets of the cooling water injection pipes 124 face upwards, so that the uniform distribution of cooling water along the circumferential direction and the axial direction is realized. The bottom of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging subcritical liquid and solid ash after reaction.
The inner reactor shell is a perforated tube 131.
A porous tube cover 140 is arranged on the top of the reactor inner shell, and the ejector cylindrical section 137 penetrates through the porous tube cover 140.
The design of the feed inlet is improved, the waste liquid is pressurized in a grading way through the low-pressure waste liquid pump and the ejector, the problems of sealing and abrasion of the booster pump containing high-solid waste liquid are solved, and the requirements on the particle size and concentration of solid particles in the waste liquid are greatly reduced; through the rapid mixing preheating of ejector, solve the high solid waste liquid of containing corrosion, deposit jam, heat exchange efficiency low grade problem in preheating the process.
Example 3
[ correction 28.05.2020 by rule 91 ] A reactor according to this example is shown in FIG. 9.
The reactor of the present embodiment is composed of a vertical section 100 and an inclined section 200, wherein the top of the vertical section 100 of the reactor is an inlet, and the bottom of the reactor is an outlet; the inclined section 200 of the reactor is arranged at the side of the upright section 100, the inclined section 200 is communicated with the upright section 100, and the outlet of the inclined section 200 is arranged above and at the far end of the position where the inclined section 200 is communicated with the upright section 100.
The included angle between the inlet of the upright section 100 and the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is theta, and the theta is more than 0 degree and less than 90 degrees.
The vertical section of the reactor is of a coaxial double-shell structure, the outer shell is used for bearing pressure, and the inner shell is of a porous structure.
The shell of the upright section of the reactor is formed by sequentially connecting a No. 1 upper flange 101, a No. 1 lower flange 138, an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132, a No. 3 upper flange 128, a No. 3 lower flange 119, a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 120 and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell 123.
The # 1 upper flange 101 and the # 1 lower flange 138 are fixedly connected through the # 1 bolt 102 and sealed by the # 1 gasket 139.
[ correcting 28.05.2020 by rule 91 ] referring to FIG. 6, the nozzle is fixed to the # 1 upper flange 101; the nozzle consists of an outer nozzle pipe 104 and an inner nozzle pipe 105; the outlet end of the nozzle outer tube 104 is connected to the conical tube 103.
Preferably, the outlet of the conical pipe 103 extends into the reactor 50-150 mm longer than the outlet of the nozzle inner pipe 105.
Preferably, the nozzle outer tube 104, the nozzle inner tube 105 and the tapered tube 103 are coaxially disposed.
Preferably, the nozzle is coaxially fixed at the center of the 1# upper flange 101.
A first annular gap is formed between the nozzle outer tube 104 and the nozzle inner tube 105, the No. 1 reaction fluid injection tube 106 is welded with the nozzle outer tube 104, and the No. 1 reaction fluid injection tube 106 is communicated with the first annular gap. The nozzle inner tube 105 is used for injection of the auxiliary fuel.
The preheated auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid are mixed at the end of the coaxial nozzle, are fully mixed and reacted in the reaction chamber, and the injection speed of the auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid is improved through the reduction of the flow passage of the conical pipe 103.
The bottom of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a first groove, the side surface of the 1# upper flange 101 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is communicated with the first groove, and the inlet of the through hole is connected with a waste injection pipe 107.
The ejector cylindrical section 137 is arranged in a first groove in the No. 1 upper flange 101 to form a mixing chamber, and the ejector conical section 136, the ejector throat 135 and the ejector diffusion section 134 are respectively connected in sequence, extend into the inner shell of the reactor and are positioned at the upper part of the vertical section of the reactor. The preheating and the pressure boosting of the waste at normal temperature and low pressure are realized through the high-temperature high-pressure high-speed jet material at the outlet of the nozzle.
Preferably, the circular hole groove is coaxially arranged at the central bottom of the 1# upper flange 101.
The upper side wall of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108, and 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the No. 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 along the circumferential direction of the reactor.
Preferably, the outlet of the # 2 protective fluid injection pipe 108 faces the top of the vertical section, so that the protective fluid is uniformly distributed along the circumference and the axial direction of the reactor.
The middle part of the upper straight-tube pressure-bearing shell 132 is provided with a mounting fin plate 133, and the mounting fin plate 133 is used for hoisting the reactor.
The # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119 are fixedly connected through a # 3 bolt connection 126, and a # 3 gasket 127 is used for sealing between the # 3 upper flange 128 and the # 3 lower flange 119.
The upper part of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is provided with cooling water injection pipes 124, wherein 2-4 inlets are uniformly distributed on the cooling water injection pipes 124 along the circumferential direction, and the outlets of the cooling water injection pipes 124 are upward, so that the uniform distribution of cooling water along the circumferential direction and the axial direction is realized. The bottom of the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123 is connected with a liquid-solid discharge pipe 121 for discharging subcritical liquid and solid ash after reaction.
The reactor inner shell includes an upper perforated tube and a lower perforated tube. The bottom of the upper perforated pipe is fixed by a # 1 fixing groove 130. The lower perforated tube is secured at the top by # 2 securing slots 129 and at the bottom by a groove in the lower conical pressure bearing shell 123.
The upper perforated pipe comprises an upper perforated pipe straight section 131 and a perforated pipe cover 140 disposed on the top of the upper perforated pipe straight section 131, and the ejector cylindrical section 137 passes through the perforated pipe cover 140.
The lower perforated tube includes a lower perforated tube straight section 125 and a lower perforated tube tapered section 122.
[ 28.05.2020 corrected by rule 91 ] referring to FIGS. 4-6, the angled section 200 connects the lower portion of the upper straight tube pressure shell 132. The inclined section 200 of the reactor comprises an inclined pressure-bearing shell 116, a No. 2 lower flange 114 and a No. 2 upper flange 112 which are connected in sequence, wherein the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is communicated with the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
The inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 is provided with a No. 1 baffle 118, a No. 2 baffle 117 and a No. 3 baffle 115 in sequence. The No. 1 baffle 118 and the No. 3 baffle 115 are fixed on the upper wall part of the inclined pressure-bearing shell 116 along the gravity direction, and the No. 2 baffle 117 is fixed through an upper cylindrical groove and can only swing unidirectionally towards the upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell 132.
The # 2 lower flange 114 and the # 2 upper flange 112 are fixedly connected through a # 2 bolt 109 and sealed by a # 2 gasket 113.
The lower part of the No. 2 upper flange 112 is provided with a second groove, a silk screen 111 is arranged in the second groove, the upper part of the No. 2 upper flange 112 is provided with an opening and is connected with a steam discharge pipe 110 for discharging the steam after reaction.
The second groove is arranged at the center of the lower part of the # 2 upper flange 112.
The second groove is a coaxial cylindrical groove.
The reactor of this example combines the improved advantages of examples 1 and 2.
In the preheating mixing section, the auxiliary fuel and the reaction fluid generate high-temperature high-pressure high-speed jet flow through the nozzle to provide heat source and pressure energy, and waste is sucked into the ejector, so that rapid pressure boosting and preheating are realized. The coupling of the nozzle and the ejector realizes the normal-temperature and normal-pressure injection of the waste to achieve the condition of supercritical reaction.
In the reaction section, a large flow of protective fluid is injected from the protective fluid injection pipe 2# on the side surface of the reactor, on one hand, a protective film can be formed through the inner wall surface of the upper porous pipe, so that the corrosion resistance and the salt deposition effect on the reaction zone are realized, and on the other hand, the heat and mass transfer of the waste containing particles, water and oxygen can be enhanced, and the oxidative degradation of the waste is accelerated. In addition, the specific heat of the air is relatively low, which can reduce the cooling and inhibition effect of the air on the central reaction.
In the gas-solid separation section, large particles fall into the lower part in a solid state through gravity separation of the vertical section, and low-density steam flows to the inclined section. Meanwhile, most of small particle solids are removed through the inertia separation effect of the three layers of baffles, and finally fine particles are removed through the wire mesh, so that the content of steam particles meets the requirement of turbine power generation. The 2# baffle can only swing in one way, can clear up the lime-ash automatically, avoids slope section silk screen and 1# baffle to fall the accumulation of lime-ash.
In the salt dissolving section, normal temperature cooling water is injected from the cooling water injection pipe 124, on one hand, a protective film is formed through the inner wall surface of the lower porous pipe, so that the effects of corrosion resistance and salt deposition are achieved on the bottom of the reactor, on the other hand, the reaction fluid is cooled to the subcritical temperature by cooling the normal temperature water, the waste is carried and the soluble inorganic salt formed in the reaction process is dissolved, and then the subsequent separation of solid ash and concentrated brine is ensured.
Example 4
[ 28.05.2020 based on rules 91 ] this example is a supercritical water oxidation reaction system designed to treat high solid content organic waste by using the reactor of example 3, and is shown in FIG. 10.
The reaction system, including the reactor described in example 3, and the fuel line 300, the reaction fluid input line 400, the protection fluid input line 500, the waste liquid line 600, and the cooling water line 700.
The fuel pipeline 300 comprises a fuel tank 8, a fuel pump 6 and a heating system which are connected in sequence, wherein the outlet of the heating system is connected with the fuel inlet a of the reactor 1 in a pipeline way;
the reaction fluid input pipeline 400 comprises a compressor 5 and a preheating system which are connected in sequence, and an outlet of the preheating system is connected with a reaction fluid inlet b of the reactor 1 through a pipeline;
the protection fluid input pipeline 500 comprises a compressor 5 and a preheating system which are connected in sequence, and an outlet of the preheating system is connected with a protection fluid inlet d of the reactor 1;
the waste liquid pipeline 600 comprises a waste tank 10 and a waste liquid pump 11 which are connected in sequence, and an outlet of the waste liquid pump 11 is connected with a waste liquid inlet c of the reactor 1;
the cooling water pipeline 700 comprises a cooling water tank 9 and a cooling water pump 7 which are connected in sequence, and the cooling water pump 7 is connected with a cooling water inlet e pipeline of the reactor.
The problems of corrosion and salt deposition in the reactor are a great bottleneck for the industrial popularization of the supercritical water oxidation technology. At present, the adoption of an evaporation wall reactor is an effective method for comprehensively solving the problems of corrosion and salt deposition. Such reactors generally consist of a pressure-bearing outer shell and a porous inner shell, and organic waste liquid and an oxidant are injected from the top of the reactor to perform supercritical water oxidation reaction, thereby generating high-temperature reaction fluid. Injecting low-temperature evaporated water serving as protective fluid into an annular space between the inner shell and the outer shell from the side surface of the reactor; the evaporated water can balance the pressure of the reaction fluid on the porous inner shell, so that the porous inner shell does not need to bear pressure, and the pressure-bearing outer shell is prevented from contacting the reaction fluid; the evaporated water permeates into the reactor through the porous inner shell and forms a layer of subcritical water film on the porous inner wall, the water film can prevent the inorganic acid from contacting with the wall surface, and can dissolve the inorganic salt separated out in the supercritical temperature reaction zone, thereby effectively solving the problems of corrosion and salt deposition in the reactor. Although the problems of corrosion and salt deposition in the reactor can be greatly relieved by adopting the evaporation wall reactor to treat the wastewater, when the deionized water is adopted as the protective fluid, the specific heat of low-temperature evaporation water is large, the cooling effect on the central reaction is large, and the process of the supercritical water oxidation reaction is easily inhibited. Because the specific heat of the air is lower, the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is lower, so the reaction fluid and the protective fluid are injected into the reactor by adopting the air, the air is divided into two branches after passing through the same compressor, and one branch is connected with the inlet b of the reactor 1 and is used as a reaction fluid input pipeline 400; the other branch is connected to the d inlet of the reactor 1 as a protective fluid feed line 500.
The reaction system further comprises a sedimentation tank 21, wherein an inlet of the sedimentation tank 21 is connected with an outlet f of the reactor, outlets of the sedimentation tank 21 are respectively connected with the 2# heat exchanger 3 and the 1# heat exchanger 4 through pipelines, heat energy of reaction products discharged from the outlet of the reactor f is recycled step by step, and preheating of fuel and/or air is achieved.
Further, the heat exchanger 17 of No. 3 is also included, and the heat exchanger 17 of No. 3 is respectively connected with the reaction fluid outlet end pipelines of the heat exchanger 3 of No. 2 and the heat exchanger 4 of No. 1 for further recovering the waste heat of the reaction product.
The reaction system also comprises a turbine 16, wherein the turbine 16 is connected with a g outlet pipeline of the reactor and is used for recovering the heat energy of reaction products discharged from the g outlet of the reactor.
The heating system comprises a 1# heat exchanger 4 and an electric heater 2, wherein the 1# heat exchanger 4 is connected with an a inlet pipeline of the reactor 1 through the electric heater 2.
Principle of operation
The low molecular fuel solution in the fuel tank 8 is pressurized by the fuel pump 6, preheated by the 1# heat exchanger 4 and the electric heater 2, and then enters the reactor 1 through the inlet a of the reactor 1; meanwhile, air is pressurized by a compressor 5 and preheated by a No. 2 heat exchanger 3 and then is divided into two branches, one branch of air is injected into the reactor through an inlet b of the reactor 1, is mixed with fuel at the tail end of the coaxial nozzle for rapid reaction, and releases a large amount of heat to form a high-temperature high-pressure high-speed jet mixture. Waste in the waste tank 10 is modified by adding additives such as alkaline substances, water and the like to form high-inherent-content waste liquid, and the waste liquid is subjected to primary pressure rise (< 1 MPa) by a waste liquid pump and enters the reactor from the inlet c of the reactor 1. The jet entrainment effect of the high-speed jet sucks the waste liquid into the ejector mixing chamber, and the waste liquid is quickly heated and pressurized to reach the supercritical reaction condition. At the same time, the other path of air is injected from a d inlet of the reactor, wherein a plurality of inlets are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the d inlet. Air is uniformly distributed in an annular space between the upper perforated pipe and the shell of the vertical section of the reactor at first, then permeates into the upper perforated pipe, a protective film is formed on the inner wall surface of the upper perforated pipe, and the effects of corrosion resistance and salt deposition are achieved by continuously scouring and dissolving the inner wall surface of the upper perforated pipe. In addition, the specific heat of the air is low, so that the cooling effect on the central reaction fluid is small, and the injection of the large-flow air realizes the good protection of the upper perforated pipe. Meanwhile, the radial speed provided by the air can strengthen the heat and mass transfer with the reactant discharged from the outlet of the ejector, and the degradation of the high-content intrinsic organic waste is accelerated. The reaction product after complete degradation is firstly subjected to gravity separation at the middle lower part of the upright section of the reactor, low-density steam is filtered by three layers of baffles and silk screens to meet the requirement of turbine power generation, the low-density steam is discharged from the g outlet of the reactor, enters a turbine 16 to do work and drive a generator 12 to generate power, and exhaust steam enters a No. 1 gas-liquid separator 13 to realize separation and discharge.
The deionized water in the cooling water tank 9 is pressurized by the cooling water pump 7 and is injected into the reactor through the inlet e, the deionized water fills the annular space between the shell at the bottom of the reactor and the lower porous pipe and then permeates into the lower porous pipe, and on one hand, a protective film is formed on the inner wall surface of the lower porous pipe, so that the effects of corrosion resistance and salt deposition are achieved in the reactor. In addition, the specific heat of water is large, and the cooling water at normal temperature can quickly realize the cooling of ash and deposited salt separated by gravity. The cooled product flows out of the mouth f of the reactor and enters a sedimentation tank 21. The liquid discharged from the upper part of the sedimentation tank 21 is shunted to enter the heat exchanger 2# 3 and the heat exchanger 1# 4 to preheat fuel and air respectively, the reaction product after heat exchange enters the heat exchanger 3# 17 again, and enters the gas-liquid separator 2# 14 after being cooled by cooling water and depressurized by the back pressure valve 15, so that gas-liquid discharge is realized. The bottom of the sedimentation tank 21 is sequentially connected with a No. 1 stop valve 20, an ash tank 19 and a No. 2 stop valve 18. Solid ash at the bottom of the settling tank is discharged and collected through the alternate switching of the No. 1 stop valve 20 and the No. 2 stop valve 18.
The reactor in example 4 may be replaced by the reactor in example 1 or 2, and the basic principles are communicated, which is not described in detail herein.
Claims (10)
- A supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste comprises a vertical section (100), wherein the top of the vertical section (100) is an inlet, and the bottom of the vertical section is an outlet;the upright section (100) comprises a pressure-bearing outer shell and an inner shell with a porous structure; the pressure-bearing shell comprises a No. 1 upper flange (101), a No. 1 lower flange (138), an upper straight pipe pressure-bearing shell (132), a lower straight pipe pressure-bearing shell (120) and a lower conical pressure-bearing shell (123) which are connected in sequence;a 2# protective fluid injection pipe (108) is arranged on the side wall of the upper straight pipe pressure bearing shell (132), and a cooling water injection pipe (124) is arranged at the upper part of the lower conical pressure bearing shell (123);the reactor is characterized by also comprising an inclined section (200), wherein the inclined section (200) of the reactor is arranged on the side surface of the vertical section (100); one end of the inclined section (200) is communicated with the upright section (100), and the other end is provided with an outlet.
- The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined section (200) of the reactor comprises an inclined pressure-bearing shell (116), a # 2 lower flange (114), and a # 2 upper flange (112) which are connected in sequence; the No. 2 upper flange (112) is communicated with a steam discharge pipe (110); a No. 1 baffle (118), a No. 2 baffle (117) and a No. 3 baffle (115) are sequentially arranged in the inclined pressure-bearing shell (116).
- The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste as claimed in claim 2, wherein the # 2 baffle (117) swings in one direction only to one side of the vertical section (100).
- The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the 2# upper flange (112) is installed with a wire mesh (111).
- The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste of claim 1 wherein the outlet of the # 2 protective fluid injection pipe (108) is upward, towards the top of the vertical section (100).
- The supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating high solid content organic waste according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that the outlet of the cooling water injection pipe (124) faces the top of the vertical section (100).
- A supercritical water oxidation reaction system for treating the organic-containing wastes, comprising the reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a fuel line (300), a reaction fluid inlet line (400), a protection fluid inlet line (500), a waste liquid line (600) and a cooling water line (700) which are connected to an inlet line of the reactor, respectively.
- The reaction system according to claim 7, further comprising a settling tank (21), wherein the inlet of the settling tank (21) is connected with the outlet of the reactor, the outlet is connected with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or a heat exchanger of the protection fluid input pipeline, and the two-way fluid is subjected to partition wall heat exchange in the heat exchanger.
- The reaction system according to claim 8, characterized in that the reaction system further comprises a # 3 heat exchanger (17), and the outlet of the sedimentation tank is connected with the reaction fluid input pipeline and/or the heat exchanger of the protective fluid input pipeline and the # 3 heat exchanger pipeline in sequence. And the waste heat recovery device is used for further recovering the waste heat of the reaction product.
- The reaction system of claim 7, further comprising a turbine 16, wherein the turbine 16 is connected to the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor by a pipeline, and the heat energy of the reaction product discharged from the outlet of the inclined section 200 of the reactor is recovered.
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| PCT/CN2020/080633 WO2021189184A1 (en) | 2020-03-23 | 2020-03-23 | Supercritical water oxidation reactor for treating organic waste having high solid content and system thereof |
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| CN114772698B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-01-05 | 深圳市华尔信环保科技有限公司 | Supercritical water oxidation system for organic waste liquid |
| CN114842995B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-09-10 | 西安交通大学 | Supercritical water oxidation treatment reactor for refractory radioactive organic waste |
| CN114890384B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-09-26 | 深圳市沃尔奔达新能源股份有限公司 | Distributed energy supply system |
| CN115159757B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市华尔信环保科技有限公司 | Supercritical water gasification reaction system for high-salt organic wastewater |
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| KR101643428B1 (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2016-07-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Manufacturing apparatus for positive active material and mixing apparatus |
| CN104291546B (en) * | 2014-10-26 | 2016-01-20 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Supercritical water oxidation apparatus |
| CN105219436A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | A kind of supercritical water gasification nozzle, apparatus and method |
| CN106219725B (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2019-06-21 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | A kind of overcritical water oxidization reactor |
| CN106513421B (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-12-11 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | A kind of energy-saving method of supercritical water oxidation processing oil gas field oil-based drill cuttings |
| CN109264914B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-07-14 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Supercritical water oxidation energy comprehensive utilization system and energy recovery method |
| CN209612887U (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-11-12 | 南京新奥环保技术有限公司 | A kind of supercritical reaction device discharge port |
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