WO2021185734A1 - Procédé pour la production d'un béton et/ou mortier géopolymère - Google Patents

Procédé pour la production d'un béton et/ou mortier géopolymère Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021185734A1
WO2021185734A1 PCT/EP2021/056484 EP2021056484W WO2021185734A1 WO 2021185734 A1 WO2021185734 A1 WO 2021185734A1 EP 2021056484 W EP2021056484 W EP 2021056484W WO 2021185734 A1 WO2021185734 A1 WO 2021185734A1
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Prior art keywords
geopolymer
composition
range
binder
aggregate
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PCT/EP2021/056484
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Kraft
Martin Bertau
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Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
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Publication of WO2021185734A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021185734A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
    • C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
    • C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
    • C04B40/065—Two or more component mortars
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, a composition for producing these building materials and their use.
  • Concrete is the most common building material used today. Worldwide production is around 20-30 billion tons per year. Basically, this building material consists of cement, aggregate and water.
  • Cement plays an essential role in this mixture. Together with the water, it forms the cement paste that connects the aggregates and thus ensures that the rock is firm and pressure-resistant.
  • Cement is a hydraulic binder, which means that it hardens through a chemical reaction with water (hydration) and then remains solid.
  • the natural raw materials limestone and clay which are often present as a natural mixture and are then referred to as marl, are used to manufacture cement.
  • quartz sand and materials containing iron oxide are added as correction materials for better sintering.
  • the raw materials are ground into raw meal and then heated to around 1,450 ° C until they partially fuse together at the grain boundaries (sintering) and what is known as cement clinker is formed.
  • the spherical material is cooled and ground to the end product cement.
  • Geopolymers belong to the group of inorganic binders. They consist of a combination of a highly alkaline stimulator and a reactive component based on silicon and aluminum oxide. An example of this is metakaolin, which is made from kaolinitic clay.
  • Geopolymers harden quickly, bind without shrinking and have high compressive strengths. Furthermore, they are due to their structure and composition non-flammable, temperature-resistant, dimensionally stable and show an increased resistance to all inorganic and organic acids (except hydrofluoric acid).
  • geopolymer cements J. Davidovits, Geopolymer Science and Technics, 2013, 21, 1-11. These are produced from aluminosilicates that can be obtained from calcined clays. Suitable clays are, for example, kaolinitic or lateritic clays. Volcanic rock and mine waste can also be used.
  • alkaline activator is added to these aluminosilicates, which is composed of sodium or potassium silicates with a molar ratio S1O2: M2O> 1.65 and is dissolved in water.
  • This hardening can take place at room temperature, especially if Ca cations, e.g. from fly ash, are added.
  • WO 2018/004597 discloses the use of geopolymers as a coating for proppants (support sand particles) in the stabilization of underground formations.
  • the geopolymer composition contains a source of aluminosilicate, such as calcined kaolitic clays or volcanic rock, a source of metal silicate, such as sodium silicate or magnesium liqueur, and an activator selected from metal hydroxides. This solid composition can then be mixed with water and added to the support particles and envelops them.
  • a source of aluminosilicate such as calcined kaolitic clays or volcanic rock
  • metal silicate such as sodium silicate or magnesium liqueur
  • activator selected from metal hydroxides such as sodium silicate or magnesium liqueur
  • E. Koenders et al. presented the production of a geopolymer concrete (E. Koenders et al. "Geopolymers applied", poster presentation at the 20th Ibausil, 12.-14-9.2018, Weimar).
  • a geopolymer glue is first produced from the binders metakaolin and fly ash and an activator solution, here potassium silicate solution.
  • an activator solution here potassium silicate solution.
  • the binders cause higher or lower strengths or higher or lower porosities of the resulting building material.
  • the geopolymer glue is made from metakaolin, fly ash and potassium silicate solution.
  • a low proportion of activator solution already shows compressive strengths of> 60 N / mm 2 after 4 hours.
  • a concrete mix consists of more than two thirds of the aggregate, which in turn is a mix of sand and gravel.
  • Sediments are called sand, which are composed of mineral grains with a grain size of 0.063 to 2 mm. Gravel is sediment with a grain diameter of 2 to 63 mm.
  • the sand used to manufacture concrete is becoming a scarce commodity due to the sharp rise in building volume around the world.
  • the demand for sand and gravel for the production of concrete and mortar has tripled in the last 20 years, mainly due to the ongoing construction boom in the Asian and Arab countries.
  • the worldwide sediment extraction for the construction industry amounts to approx. 50 billion tons per year. This is currently leading to a worldwide drastic shortage of these two mass raw materials.
  • the necessary building sand is currently being imported from distant Australia for the realization of the mega-construction projects in Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Its extraction by means of a floating dredger, however, leads to sensitive interventions in the local ecosystem and its transport across the Indian Ocean to global environmental pollution.
  • desert sand is not suitable as aggregate in concrete or mortar due to the shape of the individual grains. Over the millennia, the grains of these sands have been rounded by winds. This means that they do not have any edges that are necessary for interlocking. As a result, an essential basic requirement for use in building materials is missing.
  • DE 202006012396U1 discloses polymer concrete with desert conditions, the composition containing approx. 80% desert sand and approx. 20% binders and accelerators.
  • the binders include polyester resins or acrylic resins, which are also suitable for binding salts and humic particles in desert sand.
  • To produce the polymer concrete the sand and resin are first mixed and then accelerators and other chemical additives are added. The setting takes place within 30 minutes with vibration.
  • CSH phases calcium silicate hydrate phases
  • Iron is also built into the geopolymer matrix instead of aluminum and also causes solidification here.
  • Higher compressive strengths for mortar were achieved if 25% of the fly ash used was exchanged for the slag. This in turn has a very high calcium content (approx. 42% CaO), which means that the increase in strength results from the CSH phases formed.
  • the disadvantage is that very low compressive strengths are achieved for the alkaline-activated concretes produced, which is due, among other things, to the fact that expanded clay was used as the coarse aggregate. This aggregate naturally does not have high strength and is therefore the weak point in these concretes.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a building material based on geopolymers using sands, such as desert sand, as aggregate, which has high compressive strengths in the area of classic, cement-based concrete.
  • the object is achieved by a method for producing a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, from an activator composition, at least one binder and at least one aggregate, comprising at least the steps: a) providing an activator composition A, comprising at least one water-soluble alkali silicate and at least one inorganic Base, b) mixing the composition A with at least one binder and at least one aggregate to form a composition C, c) Curing the composition C at a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C to form a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, wherein the at least one alkali silicate is selected from sodium water glass and / or potassium water glass and / or lithium water glass, and wherein the at least one inorganic base is selected is made of metal hydroxides, and wherein the at least one binder comprises at least one reactive aluminosilicate component, and wherein in the composition C produced in step b) a molar Si: Al ratio in the range from 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range from 1
  • the method is used to produce geopolymer building materials.
  • Geopolymers are inorganic, calcium-free polymers based on silicon and aluminum oxide. Their structure is based on natural minerals. The prefix “Geo” symbolically stands for the mineral-inorganic raw materials used and “Polymer” for the internal structure. Geopolymers harden quickly, bind without shrinking and have high compressive strengths. Furthermore, due to their structure and composition, they are non-flammable, temperature-resistant, dimensionally stable and show increased resistance to all inorganic and organic acids (except hydrofluoric acid).
  • the method according to the invention uses geopolymers to produce geopolymer concrete and / or mortar.
  • naturally rounded sand such as, for example, river sand or desert sand or even sands from industrial processes can advantageously be used as aggregates.
  • an activator composition A is provided in step a). This is done by mixing the individual components after they have been added.
  • A contains at least one water-soluble alkali metal silicate, preferably in the form of a water glass solution, and at least one inorganic base.
  • the alkali silicate is selected from sodium water glass (sodium water glass) and / or potassium water glass (potassium water glass) and / or lithium water glass.
  • Water glasses are known to those skilled in the art. Water glasses are water-soluble alkali silicates. There are, for example, glass-like, i.e. amorphous, non-crystalline compounds.
  • sodium silicate solutions with a molar ratio of SiC> 2 : Na 2 O of 2.5: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 3: 1 to 4: 1, in particular 3.2: 1 to 3.5: 1, are used.
  • the proportion of the mass of Na2O in the soda waterglass is 5 to 15%, preferably 6 to 10% of the total mass of soda waterglass.
  • the proportion of the mass of S1O2 in the soda waterglass is 20 to 40%, preferably 25 to 30% of the total mass of soda waterglass.
  • the alkali silicate is already dissolved as a so-called water glass solution.
  • the water contained in the activator composition A is present as a constituent of the waterglass solution.
  • the at least one inorganic base is already dissolved, in water or in the water glass solution.
  • the alkali silicate is dissolved in water under pressure and at temperatures of> 100 ° C.
  • the water contained in the waterglass solution is sufficient, for example to produce a homogeneous and pliable composition A or composition C.
  • the water contained may already be sufficient to ultimately result in a homogeneous and smooth mixture. It is therefore not always necessary to add water.
  • the activator composition A additionally comprises an alkali aluminate, preferably sodium aluminate.
  • an alkali aluminate preferably sodium aluminate.
  • the strength of the geopolymer concrete and / or mortar can thereby be significantly increased.
  • the alkali aluminate is presented as a solid or already dissolved, in water or the water glass solution.
  • the alkali aluminate is presented as alkali aluminate liquor.
  • the activator composition A further comprises water. This is the case when the at least one water-soluble alkali silicate and the at least one inorganic base are present as solids and / or the processing properties of the composition C are to be adjusted.
  • the activator composition is prepared 2 to 48 hours before step b).
  • the reason for this is the generation of heat which occurs during the preparation of the composition A.
  • the composition should preferably be used in step b) cooled at room temperature.
  • water is additionally added to the calculated amount of waterglass solution and the inorganic base is then dissolved therein. This dissolution process is exothermic, which leads to intensive heating of the solution.
  • the method for producing a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar further comprises the steps d) shaping and e) demolding. Step d) takes place after step b) and step e) takes place after step c).
  • steps d) takes place after step b) and step e) takes place after step c).
  • the object is achieved by a method for producing a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, from activator, binder and aggregate with the steps a) providing an activator composition A containing at least one water-soluble alkali silicate and at least one inorganic base and water b) mixing the composition A with at least one binder and at least one aggregate to a composition C c) curing of the composition C at a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C to form a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, the alkali silicate being selected from sodium water glass and / or potassium water glass and / or lithium waterglass, the inorganic base being selected from metal hydroxides, the binder having at least one reactive aluminosilicate component with a molar Si: Al ratio of 1: 1 to 5: 1 and a Na: Al molar ratio of 0.5: 1 to 1, 5: 1.
  • the inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides, preferably alkali metal hydroxides and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide is selected from sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide and / or mixtures of these.
  • the inorganic base is used in solid form, that is to say not in solution.
  • the inorganic base is used in a concentration of 2 to 15, preferably 3 to 10 mol / l in aqueous solution.
  • the composition A is mixed with at least one binder and at least one aggregate to form a mixture C.
  • the at least one binding agent is selected from metakaolin, mining residues, brick dust, aluminosilicate fly ash, slag, process residues, sewage sludge ash, natural rocks and / or mixtures of these.
  • Natural rocks within the meaning of the invention means rocks that have arisen through geological processes and are composed of various minerals. These include magma or effusion rocks such as granite, diorite, and transformation rocks such as gneisses and old men.
  • a natural rock is selected from gray gneiss, for example Freiberg gray gneiss, diorite, for example Lusatian granodiorite (also called Lusatian granite) and greisen, for example mica greisen.
  • the at least one binder is in the form of a pulverulent solid with a particle size in the range from 0 to 125 ⁇ m, preferably from 0 to 63 ⁇ m.
  • the binder is selected from metakaolin, mining residues, brick dust, aluminosilicate fly ash, slag,
  • Mining residues within the meaning of the invention are fine-grained residues originating from mining, from the processing of ores, which are mostly in the form of sludge. Such sludges are also referred to as tailings.
  • sludges are also referred to as tailings.
  • Well-known sludges are, for example, red mud.
  • the tailings are in the form of a slurry, i.e. a suspension, or a thermally treated tailings, i.e. a powdery solid.
  • tailings are present in the form of sludge, the water content in the activator composition A is reduced.
  • Thermally treated tailings advantageously have a higher alkaline solubility due to the activator composition A for Al and Si. This advantageously increases the strength of the geopolymer concrete and / or mortar.
  • the at least one binder comprises at least one reactive aluminosilicate component.
  • Process residues in the context of the invention means residues and / or by-products from industrial processes.
  • a known process residue is, for example, microsilica from the production of silicon, ferro-silicon or zirconium.
  • the binder contains at least one reactive aluminosilicate component with a molar Si: Al ratio of 1: 1 to 5: 1 and a Na: Al molar ratio of 0.5: 1 to 2: 1.
  • the molar Si: Al ratio of the aluminosilicate component in the binder is 1: 1 to 3: 1, preferably 1.5: 1 to 2.5: 1.
  • the molar Na: Al ratio in the aluminosilicate component in the binder is 1: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 1.5: 1.
  • the molar ratio of Si: Al of the aluminosilicate component in the binder is 3: 1 to 5: 1.
  • the aggregate has a grain size of 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably 0.05 to 2 mm.
  • At least one further aggregate is added to produce a geopolymer concrete.
  • the at least one further aggregate has a grain size of 0 mm to 32 mm.
  • the at least one further aggregate is selected from concrete gravel, chippings, concrete granules, mixed demolition granules or mixtures of the aforementioned.
  • the at least one aggregate is selected from sands and / or Si0 2 -rich residues from the utilization of phosphate-containing process residues.
  • the aggregate is selected from sands.
  • the sands are selected from naturally occurring sands and / or sands from industrial processes
  • the aggregate is selected from SiCfe-rich residue from the utilization of phosphate-containing process residues, for example sewage sludge ash.
  • the sands are selected from naturally rounded sand.
  • the naturally rounded sand is river sand or desert sand
  • a well-known, naturally rounded sand is masonry sand with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm, according to DIN 1045.
  • desert sand In comparison to standard sand, which is usually used to test the standard compressive strength, desert sand has significantly different proportions of coarse, medium and fine sand. For example, desert sand only has a coarse sand proportion of ⁇ 10% by weight and a significantly increased fine sand proportion of> 30% by weight.
  • the sand is clean.
  • the sand is mixed with further components, for example soil or parts of plants.
  • step b) the composition A and binder and aggregate are mixed with one another. This can be done in mixing devices known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the binder and aggregate are mixed beforehand to form a composition B and then composition B is mixed with composition A.
  • the geopolymerization process can be described as follows.
  • the mixing of the binding agent with the alkaline activator in composition A leads to a process of dissolving the reactive components of the binding agent. This is associated with the formation of monomer or oligomer species.
  • the binder system is solidified by crosslinking these dissolved components.
  • the underlying process is similar to a polycondensation with the elimination of water.
  • the geopolymerization can be represented with the following reaction equations:
  • step c the setting and curing of the mixture takes place in step c). This takes place at temperatures of 20 to 100 ° C., preferably 50 to 90 ° C., particularly preferably 60 to 80 °
  • the thermal activation not only causes improved geopolymerization, but also, combined with the high alkalinity of the mixture, that the surface of the aggregate is chemically activated and thus permanently bonds with the binding agent. Both processes caused by the thermal activation result in a higher compressive strength.
  • geopolymer concretes and / or mortars can advantageously be produced with desert sand as at least one aggregate whose strengths are comparable to geopolymer concretes and / or mortars with standard sand as aggregates.
  • rounded aggregates can advantageously also be made accessible for the production of building materials.
  • the curing takes place over a period of 1 to 24 hours, preferably from 2 to 15 hours, in particular from 2 to 12 hours.
  • the method according to the invention advantageously gives geopolymer concrete and / or mortar with compressive strengths of 10 to 100 N / mm 2 , in particular 30 to 60 N / mm 2 .
  • the invention also relates to a geopolymer-forming composition for the production of a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar with the addition of water, comprising at least i) an activator composition A comprising at least one water-soluble alkali silicate and at least one inorganic base, and ii) at least one binder, where the Alkali silicate is selected from sodium water glass and / or potassium water glass and / or lithium water glass, and wherein the inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides, and wherein the at least one binder is at least one reactive aluminosilicate
  • Component comprises, and wherein in the geopolymer-forming composition a molar ratio Si: Al in the range from 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 6: 1, and a molar ratio of Na: Al in the range from 0 , 5: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably in the range from 0.7: 1 to 1: 1.
  • Such a geopolymer-forming composition can advantageously be transported to the place of processing as a dry mixture.
  • a composition C which is suitable for curing is advantageously obtained at the processing site with the addition of water and at least one aggregate.
  • the at least one aggregate added in such a way that the ratio of the at least one binder to the at least one aggregate is in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3.
  • the geopolymer-forming composition for producing a geopolymer concrete and / or mortar can in embodiments be used as a kit.
  • the ratio of activator composition A to at least one binder in the geopolymer-forming composition is in the range from 0.2: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably in the range from 0.5: 1 to 1.3: 1.
  • the water-soluble alkali silicate and the inorganic base are each present separately as a solution in water in the geopolymer-forming composition.
  • the alkali silicate is already in dissolved form as a so-called water glass solution.
  • the water-soluble alkali silicate and the inorganic base are present in the geopolymer-forming composition as a solution in water, as a so-called aqueous activator composition.
  • a two-component geopolymer-forming composition is therefore advantageously present.
  • the two-part geopolymer-forming composition can be safely transported to the processing site.
  • the mixing of the aqueous activator composition with the at least one binder, the at least one aggregate and optionally water to form composition C, which is suitable for curing, takes place only at the processing site.
  • composition C 20 to 100% by weight of water, preferably 30 to 60% by weight, based on the at least one binder in the geopolymer-forming composition, are added to obtain the composition C.
  • composition C If an aqueous activator composition is present, the addition of water to obtain composition C must be reduced accordingly.
  • the geopolymer-forming composition further comprises at least one aggregate.
  • composition C only water has to be added at the processing site in order to obtain composition C.
  • the ratio of the at least one binder to the at least one aggregate in such a geopolymer-forming composition is in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3.
  • the metal hydroxides are selected from alkali metal hydroxides and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxides.
  • the at least one binding agent is selected from metakaolin, mining residues, brick dust, aluminosilicate fly ash, slag, process residues, sewage sludge ash, natural rocks and / or mixtures of these.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a geopolymer-forming composition for the production of building materials, in particular mortar and / or concrete.
  • Building materials means building materials, in the present case as non-hardened building materials, such as in-situ concrete or plaster, and hardened building materials, such as precast concrete parts, slabs, bricks, stones.
  • the object is achieved by a kit comprising an activator composition A and at least one binder.
  • the kit thus comprises i) an activator composition A containing at least one water-soluble alkali silicate and at least one inorganic base and water, and ii) at least one binder, the alkali silicate being selected from sodium waterglass and / or potassium waterglass and / or lithium waterglass, the inorganic base is selected from metal hydroxides and wherein the binder comprises at least one reactive aluminosilicate component with a molar Si: Al ratio of 1: 1 to 5: 1 and a Na: Al molar ratio of 0.5: 1 to 1.5: 1.
  • the water-soluble alkali metal silicate and the inorganic base are each present separately in the kit as a solution in water.
  • the activator solution A and the at least one binder are present in the kit in a mass ratio of 1: 0.25 to 1: 2, preferably 1: 0.5 to 1: 1.
  • This kit can advantageously first be transported to the processing site and processed there with the aggregate.
  • Activator solution A, binder and aggregate are mixed together.
  • mixture C according to the invention which is then suitable for curing.
  • the binder is selected from metakaolin, mining residues, brick dust, aluminosilicate fly ash, slag,
  • the object is achieved by using the kit for the production of building materials, in particular mortar and / or concrete.
  • the invention also includes a building material made of geopolymer concrete and / or mortar, producible from a geopolymer-forming composition with the addition of water, the geopolymer-forming composition at least one activator composition A comprising at least one water-soluble alkali metal silicate and at least one inorganic base; comprises at least one binder and at least one aggregate, and wherein in the geopolymer-forming composition the ratio of the at least one binder to at least one aggregate in the range from 1: 1 to 1: 5, preferably 1: 3, and the ratio of the activator composition A to at least a binder in the range from 0.2: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably in the range from 0.5: 1 to 1.3: 1.
  • a molar Si: Al ratio in the geopolymer-forming composition is in the range from 1: 1 to 30: 1, preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 6: 1, and a molar ratio of Na: Al in the range from 0.5: 1 to 1.5: 1, preferably in the range from 0.7: 1 to 1: 1, and the building material made of geopolymer concrete and / or mortar has a compressive strength after 28 days of at least 10 N / mm 2 .
  • the building material from geopolymer concrete and / or mortar can be produced by adding 20 to 100% by weight, preferably 30 to 60% by weight, of water, based on the at least one binder in the geopolymer-forming composition.
  • the activator composition A comprises a waterglass solution, i.e. the at least one water-soluble alkali silicate is already present in dissolved form.
  • the at least one inorganic base is also present as a solution in water, for example in the waterglass solution.
  • the compressive strength after 28 days is determined using mortar prisms based on DIN EN 196-1 or using concrete prisms according to DIN EN 12390-3.
  • the at least one aggregate is selected from sands and / or Si0 2 -rich residues from the utilization of phosphate-containing process residues.
  • Embodiment 1 geopolymer mortar with desert sand
  • the solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the sodium silicate solution.
  • the alkaline activator solution is then added with stirring.
  • the composition C is obtained, which has a molar ratio of Si: Al of 1.9: 1, a molar ratio of Na: Al of 1.0: 1, a ratio of activator composition A to binder at 1.2: 1, has a ratio of binder to aggregate at 1: 3 and a ratio of water to binder at 0.6: 1.
  • the mixing process is continued until a homogeneous plastic mass has arisen. This is then transferred to a mold for the production of a component and compressed by shaking or air bubbles that have formed are removed.
  • chemical and thermal activation takes place for 24 hours at a maximum of 100 ° C, in particular at 80 ° C in an oven.
  • the solidification starts after 4 - 5 hours. Finally, the finished component is stripped on the basis of a geopolymer mortar with desert sand as the aggregate.
  • the geopolymer mortar was produced in the same way as in Example 1.
  • Table 1 gives details of the binders (BM) used in the individual exemplary embodiments and their proportion in the mixture (rrfe M in% by weight), the activator composition A and its proportion GTI A in the respective experiment.
  • Table 2 contains information on the aggregate GSK and on the parameters of the hardening in step c), temperature of the thermal activation in the respective exemplary embodiment.
  • Table 3 contains information on the individual exemplary embodiments with regard to the molar ratios, the ratio of activator composition A and binder (A: BM), the ratio of water / binder (water / BM) and ratio of binder to aggregate (BM: GSK) in composition C.
  • Table 4 shows the compressive strengths achieved in Examples 1-9.
  • Table 3 - Molar ratios in composition C, ratio of A and binder (A: BM), ratio of water / binder (water / BM) and ratio of binder to aggregate (BM: GSK)
  • Embodiment 10 Production of a geopolymer concrete
  • the solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in the sodium silicate solution and the activator composition A is obtained.
  • composition C the metakaolin, the desert sand as an aggregate and the concrete gravel as an additional aggregate are mixed together in a conventional compulsory mixer.
  • the concrete gravel has grain sizes in the range from 0 to 16 mm.
  • the alkaline activator solution is then added with stirring in order to obtain composition C.
  • the molar ratio Si: Al is 1.8: 1
  • the molar ratio Na: Al is 1: 1
  • the ratio of activator composition A: binder is 1: 1:
  • the ratio of binder to aggregate is 1: 3 and the ratio of water to binder at 0.5: 1.
  • the mixing process is continued until a homogeneous plastic mass has arisen. This is then transferred into a mold and compacted by shaking or any air bubbles that have formed are removed. The next step is curing, chemical and thermal activation for 24 hours at a maximum of 100 ° C, in particular at 80 ° C in an oven.
  • the geopolymer mortar was produced in the same way as in Example 1.
  • Table 9 contains information on the binders (BM) used in each case in the individual exemplary embodiments and their mass in the mixture (m BM in kg), on composition A and on their mass GTI A in the respective experiment.
  • Table 10 contains information on the aggregate GSK and the temperature of the thermal activation in the respective exemplary embodiment.
  • Table 11 contains information on the individual exemplary embodiments with regard to molar ratios in composition A, ratio of the masses of A and binder (A: BM), ratio of water / binder (water / BM) and ratio of the masses of binder to aggregate (BM: GSK)
  • Table 12 shows the compressive strengths achieved in the exemplary embodiments.
  • composition A ratio of the masses of A and binder (A: BM), ratio of water / binder (water / BM) and ratio of the masses of binder to aggregate (BM: GSK)

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la production d'un béton et/ou mortier géopolymère à partir d'une composition d'activateur, d'au moins un liant et d'au moins un granulat, comprenant au moins les étapes consistant à : a) se procurer une composition d'activateur A comprenant au moins un silicate de métal alcalin soluble dans l'eau et au moins une base inorganique, b) mélanger la composition A avec au moins un liant et au moins un granulat pour fournir une composition C et c) faire durcir la composition C à une température de 20 °C à 100 °C pour fournir un béton et/ou mortier géopolymère, le ou les silicates de métal alcalin étant choisi(s) parmi le verre soluble à base de sodium et/ou le verre soluble à base de potassium et/ou le verre soluble à base de lithium, la ou les bases inorganiques étant choisie(s) parmi les hydroxydes métalliques, le ou les liants comprenant au moins un composant de type aluminosilicate réactif et la composition C produite dans l'étape b) ayant un rapport molaire Si:Al dans la plage de 1:1 à 30:1, de préférence dans la plage de 1:1 à 6:1, et un rapport molaire Na:Al dans la plage de 0,5:1 à 1,5:1, de préférence dans la plage de 0,7:1 à 1:1.
PCT/EP2021/056484 2020-03-16 2021-03-15 Procédé pour la production d'un béton et/ou mortier géopolymère WO2021185734A1 (fr)

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