WO2021185372A1 - 一种电池、其制作方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种电池、其制作方法及应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021185372A1
WO2021185372A1 PCT/CN2021/081941 CN2021081941W WO2021185372A1 WO 2021185372 A1 WO2021185372 A1 WO 2021185372A1 CN 2021081941 W CN2021081941 W CN 2021081941W WO 2021185372 A1 WO2021185372 A1 WO 2021185372A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
soft
layer
edge
sealed
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PCT/CN2021/081941
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈带秀
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陈带秀
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Publication of WO2021185372A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021185372A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183—Sealing members
    • H01M50/186—Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of power batteries, and in particular relates to a new energy vehicle battery module, in particular a soft pack battery, and a manufacturing method and application thereof.
  • the lithium battery cell is mainly composed of a shell, an electrolyte solution and a battery cell placed in the shell, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged on the top of the lithium battery cell.
  • the current soft-pack battery module does not seal enough on the side of the soft-pack battery. If it is directly placed in water, it will cause water to leak in from the side and cause the battery to swell and fail.
  • the flexible packaging material of the soft-pack battery is usually aluminum-plastic film. If the aluminum-plastic film before packaging the battery cell already contains two layers of aluminum foil, although they are isolated and insulated by a plastic layer, they are in the trimming process after the battery is wrapped. , The two layers of aluminum foil at the trimming side are exposed to metal shavings at the same time and the distance is too short (the thickness of the second resin is less than 0.1mm), which can easily cause a high voltage (such as greater than 1800 volts) to be applied between the two layers of aluminum foil. ) Creepage.
  • the top edge is sealed, and the side edge is immersed in water, which easily causes water seepage on the side edge.
  • New energy vehicle power batteries require large capacity of battery modules, which brings problems such as large battery modules and complex structures. Since battery modules are generally composed of hundreds of single cells connected in series, in mass production, the connections between the individual cells are complicated. At the same time, in order to ensure the safety performance of the vehicle-mounted power battery, it is necessary to monitor the temperature and voltage of each single battery. Therefore, the sampling module in the battery module is also very important.
  • the sampling module inside the battery module is mostly the traditional wire harness sampling method, which uses the sampling wire harness to connect to the single battery separately and transmit the sampling signal.
  • This sampling method not only has a complicated circuit, but also requires manual assembly of the sampling harness, which is not conducive to automated production. In addition, errors and missing installations are prone to occur during the assembly process. In addition, a separate wire harness fixing structure needs to be set up, which is more complicated and is prone to leakage caused by wire skin wear.
  • the first part of the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • a battery especially a soft pack battery; wherein, the top of the battery is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • a power battery module is characterized in that it is composed of the following structure: a shell; one or more battery cells composed of the battery are arranged side by side in the shell, and the top of the battery cell is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • the power battery module further includes:
  • the first conductive electrode plate includes a first positioning portion and a first contact portion.
  • the first positioning portion is provided with a plurality of first positioning grooves arranged at intervals, and the positive electrode passes through the first positioning grooves. And electrically connected to it;
  • the second conductive electrode plate includes a second positioning portion and a second contact portion.
  • the second positioning portion is provided with a plurality of second positioning grooves arranged at intervals, and the negative electrode passes through the second positioning grooves. And it is electrically connected.
  • a power battery module includes a battery pack, a sampling module and a shell.
  • the battery pack includes one or more of the batteries, and the casing is wrapped around the battery pack and the sampling module.
  • the power battery module further includes a power connection piece, and the power connection piece is electrically connected to adjacent single batteries.
  • the sampling module includes a flexible circuit board and a protection device, wherein:
  • a number of temperature sensors and voltage sampling terminals are electrically connected to the flexible circuit board.
  • the temperature sensor is connected to the power connection piece, and the voltage sampling terminal is electrically connected to the power connection piece;
  • the protection device includes an outer insulating layer and an inner insulating layer, and the outer insulating layer is covered on the flexible On the outer surface of the circuit board, an inner insulating layer is sandwiched between the power connecting piece and the single battery.
  • the above-mentioned power connection piece includes a first connection end, a second connection end and a fixed end.
  • the first connection end and the second connection end are respectively electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of two adjacent single batteries, a temperature sensor and a voltage sampling terminal. Connect to the fixed end.
  • the present invention also provides a soft-pack battery, the soft-pack battery includes at least one electric core, and the electric core is wrapped with a first packaging layer, (such as a metal-plastic composite film, such as an aluminum-plastic film or a steel-plastic film) ,
  • the first packaging layer includes a first metal layer (for example, an aluminum layer or a steel layer), the cell has a top edge and a side edge, and the first packaging layer is on the top edge and/or side
  • the edge has a cut edge, and the first metal layer is exposed in the cut edge.
  • the first packaging layer includes two upper and lower layers, and the cut edges of the first packaging layer of the upper and lower layers are sealed to form a sealed edge.
  • the first packaging layer is bag-shaped, with at least one side opening, each opening is provided with two cut edges, and the two cut edges at the opening are sealed to form a sealed edge.
  • the first packaging layer is provided with the openings on the top, bottom, and at least one side of the cell, each opening is provided with two cut edges, and the two cut edges at the opening are sealed to form a sealed edge.
  • the sealing edge may be any one or more of the sealing top edge and the sealing side edge.
  • it can be heat-sealed top edge and heat-sealed side edge.
  • a second packaging layer is further wrapped outside the first packaging layer, and the second packaging layer contains a second metal layer; or, a second packaging layer is also wrapped outside the first packaging layer.
  • Two metal layers preferably aluminum layer or steel layer
  • metal foil tape preferably aluminum foil tape
  • the second metal layer is electrically insulated from the first metal layer exposed in the trimming or is electrically insulated, so that the second metal layer is electrically insulated from the first metal layer.
  • the soft-pack battery wrapped with the second metal layer is immersed in the cooling liquid
  • the second metal layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the above-mentioned first packaging layer or the metal-plastic composite film does not contact the cooling liquid.
  • the present invention also provides a battery, the battery is a metal hard shell battery, the metal hard shell of the battery is wrapped with an insulating layer, and a second metal layer is also wrapped on the outside of the insulating layer.
  • the metal hard shells are insulated. Preferably, its insulation strength is greater than 2000V.
  • the second metal layer is a general term; for example, the second metal layer generally refers to another metal packaging layer that is different from the metal layer in the metal composite film and is wrapped on the outside of the cell .
  • the second metal layer can not only have the function of waterproofing, but also have the functions of avoiding electromagnetic radiation, soaking heat, and sealing.
  • the creepage distance between the second metal layer and the first metal layer in the trimming is greater than 2 mm, more preferably greater than 4 mm.
  • the number of battery cells in the plurality of battery cells is preferably one or two.
  • the second metal layer is not in contact with the first metal layer, and:
  • the linear distance L1 between the exposed part of the second metal layer and the exposed part of the first metal layer is ⁇ 2mm; or the exposed part of the second metal layer
  • the insulator space between the exposed part of the first metal layer the insulator has at least one protrusion peak, the second metal layer is exposed to the nearest insulator protrusion peak highest distance d1, the adjacent protrusion peak highest distance, and The sum of the distance d2 between the exposed part of the first metal layer and the highest point of the closest insulator convex peak is ⁇ 2mm.
  • L1 and L2 are independently preferably ⁇ 5 mm, more preferably ⁇ 10 mm.
  • L1 and L2 are independently preferably ⁇ 50mm, more preferably ⁇ 40mm.
  • the coating of the first packaging layer and the coating of the second packaging layer are performed independently.
  • the first packaging layer and the second packaging layer are separated before the coating operation, rather than a composite packaging film that has been combined into a whole.
  • the wrapping process of wrapping the cell with a metal plastic composite film and the wrapping process of further wrapping with the second metal layer are performed separately.
  • the metal-plastic composite film and the second metal layer are separated before the process of wrapping the cell, instead of the composite packaging film that has been composited into one.
  • the present invention also provides a manufacturing method for manufacturing a soft pack battery, which includes the following steps:
  • a first packaging layer such as a metal-plastic composite film, such as an aluminum-plastic film or a steel-plastic film
  • the first packaging layer forms a laminated edge on at least one of the side, top, or bottom of the battery core,
  • the laminated edges are cut to form trimmed edges, and the laminated trimmed edges are sealed, wherein the first packaging layer contains a first metal layer (such as an aluminum layer or a steel layer), and the first metal layer is removed from the trimmed edge.
  • the first packaging layer is exposed.
  • the two first packaging layers cover the cells from both sides of the cell, and the stacked first packaging layers are cut on the top, bottom and side edges of the cell to form the cut edges.
  • a first packaging layer wraps the cell, forming a stack on the top, bottom and one side of the cell, and cutting the stacked first packaging layer on the top, bottom and side of the cell to form The trimming.
  • the first packaging layer is bag-shaped, with one or both sides opening, the battery is placed in the bag-shaped first packaging layer, the first packaging layer is laminated at the two openings, and the laminated first packaging layer Cut to form the cut edge.
  • heat-sealing is performed between the stacked cut edges of the top edge and the side edge of the battery to form a heat-sealed top edge and a heat-sealed side edge, the heat-sealed side edge has a cut edge, and the cut edge The first metal layer is exposed from the first packaging layer.
  • an electrical insulation treatment (such as wrapping an insulating tape) is performed on the outside of the heat-sealed top edge and/or the cut edge of the heat-sealed side edge to cover the exposed first metal layer.
  • a second metal layer such as an aluminum layer or a steel layer
  • a metal foil tape such as aluminum foil tape, copper foil tape or stainless steel foil tape
  • first packaging layer such as metal plastic composite film
  • the above-mentioned first packaging layer and the second packaging layer of the present invention are both used as packaging materials for the soft-packed battery, and both belong to the soft-packed battery of the present invention.
  • the electrical insulation strength (or withstand voltage strength) between the first metal layer and the second metal layer in the trimming is greater than 1000 volts, preferably greater than 1800 volts, and more preferably greater than 2500 volts.
  • the above-mentioned electrical insulation strength of the present invention is X volts, which means that a voltage of X volts is applied between the second metal layer and the first metal layer in the trimming without short circuit, creepage or breakdown.
  • the linear distance L1 between the exposed part of the second metal layer and the exposed part of the first metal layer is ⁇ 2mm; or the exposed part of the second metal layer
  • the insulator gap between the exposed area of the first metal layer the insulator has at least one protrusion peak, the second metal layer exposed area is the closest distance between the highest peak of the insulator protrusion d1, the highest distance between adjacent protrusion peaks, and The sum of the distance d2 between the exposed part of the first metal layer and the highest point of the closest insulator convex peak is ⁇ 2mm.
  • L1 and L2 are independently preferably ⁇ 5 mm, more preferably ⁇ 10 mm.
  • L1 and L2 are independently preferably ⁇ 50mm, more preferably ⁇ 40mm.
  • the second packaging layer covers the cut edges, or the second packaging layer does not cover the cut edges and there is a distance from the edge of the second packaging layer to the cut edges, the distance being ⁇ 2mm, preferably ⁇ 5mm, more preferably ⁇ 10mm. .
  • the material of the first metal layer is preferably aluminum foil, stainless steel foil, or copper foil.
  • the metal-plastic composite film is preferably formed by combining a first resin layer, a first metal layer, and a second resin layer that are sequentially stacked, that is, the metal-plastic composite film is formed by combining the above three layers.
  • the metal-plastic composite film is preferably an aluminum-plastic composite film (aluminum-plastic film for short).
  • the second metal layer is preferably an aluminum layer or a stainless steel layer.
  • the first resin layer and the first metal layer, the second resin layer and the second metal layer of the present invention are laminated in sequence, and the connection between the two adjacent layers can be directly composited, or can be composited by an adhesive, or hot melt Compound, or compound in other ways.
  • the cut edge on the heat-sealed side of the soft pack battery is preferably sealed by an insulating film to avoid electrical communication or creepage between the first metal layer and the second metal layer in the cut edge, or the cut edge is preferably folded to Avoid electrical connection or creepage with the second metal layer.
  • the second metal layer wraps the trimmed edge and the insulating film outside the trimmed edge.
  • the second metal layer is electrically insulated from the first metal layer in the trimming.
  • the second metal layer is wrapped outside the trimming and insulating film, the second metal layer extends outside the side of the soft pack battery, and the two second metal layers outside the side of the soft pack battery are connected to each other (the connection method is preferably Bonding) to form a seal.
  • the connection method is preferably Bonding
  • the metal-plastic composite film covering the soft-packed battery and the second metal layer are bonded by an adhesive.
  • the inner side of the second metal layer is glued so as to make the second metal layer and the metal plastic composite film fit well.
  • the first resin layer and the second resin layer are each a single-layer resin layer or a multilayer resin layer.
  • the first resin layer and the second resin layer are preferably electrically insulating materials, such as polypropylene PP, nylon, PET, or polyimide.
  • the first resin layer usually contains a heat-sealing layer, such as a PP layer.
  • the cut edges of the metal-plastic composite film are insulated to prevent the first metal layer from being exposed.
  • the insulation treatment method is to use an insulating film to seal and wrap; or, the insulation treatment method is preferably to heat-seal the side edges of the soft pack battery to prevent the first metal layer from being exposed.
  • the second metal layer and the second resin layer are bonded by an adhesive resin.
  • the adhesive resin is coated on the second metal layer in advance, or on the outer surface of the second plastic layer in advance.
  • aluminum foil tape is used as the second metal layer to wrap the aluminum plastic film.
  • the two second metal layers located on the front and back sides of the soft pack battery and extending beyond the sides of the soft pack battery are attached and sealed to each other.
  • the present invention also provides the following soft-pack battery cooling device: a soft-pack battery cooling device, which contains a soft-pack battery and a cooling liquid, the soft-pack battery is wrapped by a soft packaging material, and the soft packaging material that wraps the soft-pack battery is in direct contact with the cooling liquid Heat transfer.
  • the flexible packaging material includes (or sequentially laminated) a first resin layer, a first metal layer, and a second resin layer, and the flexible packaging material further includes a second metal layer that is wrapped in a second resin layer. Layer outside. The second metal layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the first metal layer and the second metal layer are electrically insulated and have an insulation strength greater than 1800 volts.
  • the first metal layer and the second metal layer are preferably electrically insulated by an insulating film or folded edges.
  • the flexible packaging material of the present invention refers to the ability to deform easily compared to the hard shell outside the square hard shell battery.
  • the flexible packaging material of the present invention can be a metal-plastic composite film (such as aluminum-plastic film), or a metal foil such as aluminum foil.
  • the aluminum foil may be 200-300 micrometer aluminum foil, or aluminum foil within 200 micrometers.
  • the aluminum foil in the present invention has the feature of being easily deformed, which is different from the aluminum shell outside the square aluminum shell battery.
  • the layers in the flexible packaging material of the present invention can be formed by one-time compounding, or multiple times.
  • the multiple composite formation may include firstly wrapping the cell with aluminum plastic film to form a primary soft-packed battery, and then wrapping the primary soft-packed battery with a second metal layer to form the soft-packed battery of the present invention.
  • a soft-pack battery cooling device which contains a soft-pack battery and a cooling liquid.
  • the battery core of the soft-pack battery is wrapped with a metal-plastic composite film.
  • the metal-plastic composite film contains a first metal layer.
  • the soft pack battery has a heat-sealed top edge and a heat-sealed side edge, the heat-sealed side edge has a cut edge, and the cut edge has a first metal layer; a second metal layer is also wrapped on the outside of the metal plastic composite film, The cut edge is electrically insulated or electrically insulated from the second metal layer, and the second metal layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • a cooling device for a soft-pack battery comprises a cooling liquid and any one of the above-mentioned soft-pack batteries, and a second metal layer outside the soft-pack battery directly contacts and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid.
  • the cooling liquid in the present invention is preferably an antifreeze cooling liquid (or called an antifreeze) containing ethylene glycol and water.
  • the trimming of the metal-plastic composite film of the present invention refers to the trimming on the heat-sealed edge of the soft-pack battery (that is, the trimming of the heat-sealed top edge or the heat-sealed side edge).
  • the trimming includes a resin layer (such as a PP layer) and a first metal layer.
  • the cut edge is the cut cross section of the heat-sealed edge of the two-layer metal-plastic composite film (such as the traditional aluminum-plastic film).
  • the heat-sealed edges of the soft pack battery are divided into top heat-sealed edges (referred to as the top edge) and side heat-sealed edges (referred to as the side edges), and sometimes there are heat-sealed bottom edges. It has a body and a heat-sealed edge, and the body of the soft pack battery has a heat-sealed edge around or three weeks.
  • the technical solution of the present invention can solve the long-term insulation problem of the power soft pack battery in the cooling water in the prior art, and ensure that the insulation strength and leakage current between the cooling night and the positive and negative electrodes of the battery meet the requirements of the prior technical standards (such as insulation strength greater than 1800 volts and insulation resistance greater than 100 ohms/volt), which solves the insulation problem during long-term vehicle operation (such as more than 10 years).
  • the thickness of the aluminum foil in the above-mentioned aluminum foil tape is preferably 40 micrometers to 200 micrometers.
  • a battery module includes a plurality of the soft-packed battery cells and a cooling liquid, the battery module is configured to have the following structure and functions: at least part of the outermost layer of the packaging material on the soft-packed battery core body The heat exchange is directly in contact with the cooling liquid, and the cut edge on the sealing edge of the soft-packed electric core does not contact the cooling liquid.
  • a sealing structure for the cooling liquid in the soft-pack battery core module enables at least part of the outermost layer of the packaging material on the soft-pack battery core body to directly contact the cooling liquid for heat exchange, and The cut edges on the sealing edges of the soft-packed batteries do not contact the cooling liquid.
  • a battery cooling liquid sealing structure which includes a plurality of the soft-pack battery cells and a cooling liquid, and the sealing interface is arranged between at least a part of the soft-pack battery core body and a cut edge on the soft-pack battery core sealing edge , So that at least part of the outermost layer of the packaging material on the soft-packed cell body directly contacts and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, and the cut edge on the edge of the soft-packed cell does not contact the cooling liquid.
  • a sealing frame for a soft-pack battery includes a frame located on both sides of the cut edge of the battery, and a sealing surface is formed between the frame and the sealed edge of the battery.
  • the sealing frame includes a ⁇ -shaped or ⁇ -shaped structure, and the sealing frame includes one or two frame top edges and one or two frame side edges.
  • the ⁇ type or ⁇ type is a basic or approximate shape.
  • a battery with a sealed frame (preferably a soft pack battery).
  • the frame and the sealed edge of the battery form a sealed surface, so that the cut edge on the sealed edge of the battery is isolated from the cooling liquid.
  • the sealing frame includes a frame located on both sides of the cut edge of the battery, and a sealing surface is formed between the frame and the sealed edge of the battery.
  • the sealing frame includes one or two frame top edges, and further includes one or two frame side edges.
  • the frame top edge, the frame side edge and the sealing edge of the battery form a sealing surface.
  • the sealing surface may be at the position between the trim and the battery core, or preferably, the sealing surface may also be at the position where the battery core is located.
  • the sealing surface may be located between the trim and the battery core, or preferably, the sealing surface may also be at the location of the battery or the edge of the battery on the side away from the trim.
  • the second metal layer of the battery is close to one end of the cut edge, and is located in the area between the sealing surface and the cut edge.
  • the side of the sealing surface away from the cut edge is the area contacting the cooling liquid.
  • the sealing frame of the present invention mainly plays the role of sealing the sealing edge of the soft pack battery, and prevents the cooling liquid from leaking out through the sealing edge or penetrating into the inside of the cell through the cut edge of the sealing edge. Further, the sealing frame can also support and fix the soft pack battery.
  • the top edge of the frame is attached to the top edge of the soft pack battery for sealing the top edge of the soft pack battery.
  • the side of the frame is attached to the side of the soft pack battery for sealing the side of the soft pack battery.
  • the present invention provides a soft-pack battery sub-module (or sub-module).
  • the sub-module includes a laminated body formed by stacking two (or more than two) soft-pack batteries together, and includes a package wrapped in the Anti-corrosion layer on the outside of the laminate.
  • the anti-corrosion layer can prevent the coolant from corroding and penetrating to contact the soft pack battery.
  • the soft-pack battery submodule further includes an elastic material (preferably an elastic foam) sandwiched between the two soft-pack batteries, and the elastic material can buffer the volume change when the battery expands.
  • an elastic material preferably an elastic foam
  • the anticorrosive layer may be directly wrapped on the outside of the laminate, or indirectly wrapped on the outside of the laminate (the so-called indirect wrapping means that another layer is wrapped between the anticorrosive layer and the laminate).
  • the anti-corrosion layer preferably includes a metal layer.
  • the anti-corrosion layer is preferably an aluminum foil layer or an aluminum-plastic composite film.
  • the insulator has at least one raised peak, the highest distance d1 of the highest insulator raised peak of the anti-corrosion layer, the highest distance between adjacent raised peaks, and The sum of the distance d2 between the exposed part of the first metal layer and the highest point of the closest insulator convex peak is ⁇ 2mm.
  • L1 and L2 are independent and preferably ⁇ 5 mm; and L1 and L2 are independent and preferably ⁇ 40 mm.
  • One of the characteristics of the present invention that is different from the prior art is that the anti-corrosion layer that prevents water penetration and corrosion is placed after the finished battery core and then wrapped, and creatively solves the insulation strength and electrical insulation between the anti-corrosion layer and the aluminum-plastic film cut edge The problem of insufficient clearance.
  • the present invention provides a soft-pack battery module.
  • the soft-pack battery module includes the soft-pack battery sub-modules and separators stacked in sequence, and is formed between the soft-pack battery sub-modules and the separator. There are fluid channels for cooling liquid to flow.
  • the sealing surface between the frame and the first packaging layer or the second packaging layer is sealed by a sealant.
  • the sealing surface between the frame and the first packaging layer or the second packaging layer is sealed by an elastic body, and the elastic body is pressed at the position of the sealing surface between the frame and the first packaging layer.
  • the cut edge surrounds the edge of the battery
  • the frame surrounds the battery core in an annular shape
  • the frame is provided with a through hole for the cooling liquid to pass through.
  • the present invention provides a soft-pack battery module, the module includes a plurality of soft-pack batteries and a plurality of sealing frames, the sealing frame includes a plurality of frame sides, and the soft-pack battery includes a plurality of sealing sides (Side sealing for short); the frame edges of two adjacent sealed frames sandwich the sealed edges of the soft pack battery in them, and the frame edges and the sealed edges of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • the module When the soft pack battery is charged and discharged or when the module is assembled on the entire vehicle, the module also contains coolant; the body of the soft pack battery directly contacts the coolant to exchange heat (or wrap the soft pack) The outermost wrapping material of the battery body directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange, or the outermost layer of the wrapping material wrapping the soft-packed battery body directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange).
  • the frame edge and the sealing edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface, which can seal the coolant that directly contacts and exchange heat with the soft pack battery body to prevent the coolant from overflowing or flowing through the sealed edge; thus avoiding the cooling liquid and the battery seal
  • the cut edge contact on the side also prevents the coolant from contacting the positive and negative electrodes of the battery.
  • the frame edge may be the top edge of the frame, the side edge of the frame, or the bottom edge of the frame (if any).
  • the sealing edge of the soft pack battery can be a sealed top edge, a sealed side edge, or a sealed bottom edge (if any).
  • the sealing method of the sealing edge can be heat sealing or adhesive sealing. These sealed edges have open cut edges, and there is a sealant in the open cut edges (the sealant can be heat-sealing resin or adhesive). If these cut edges are exposed to the coolant (that is, the cut edges are in direct contact with the coolant), it will easily cause the coolant The sealant in the trimmed edge slowly penetrates, so a sealed interface is formed by the frame edge and the sealed edge of the soft pack battery, so that all the trimmed edges are physically separated from the coolant.
  • Power soft pack batteries usually have 4 sides, which are divided into sealed sides and folded sides. There is no cut edge on the folded edge, but there is a cut edge on the sealed edge.
  • the soft pack battery can have 4 sealed edges, or 3 sealed edges and 1 folded edge.
  • the sealed interface of the present invention can withstand the hydraulic pressure of the coolant with a relative pressure of 2 bar or more (more preferably 5 bar or more), so that the coolant that contacts the battery body does not leak from the battery body side to the sealed interface through the sealed interface On the other side.
  • the present invention also provides a soft pack battery module, which includes a plurality of soft pack batteries stacked and a plurality of sealed frames;
  • the sealed frame includes a top edge of the frame and one or both sides of the top edge of the frame
  • the top edge of the soft pack battery is set between the top edges of the two adjacent sealed frames, and the top edge of the frame and the top edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface
  • the side of the soft pack battery is set Between the frame sides of two adjacent sealed frames, the frame sides and the sides of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • the module When the soft pack battery is charged and discharged or when the module is assembled on the entire vehicle, the module also contains coolant; the body of the soft pack battery directly contacts the coolant to exchange heat (or wrap the soft pack) The outermost wrapping material of the battery body directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange, or the outermost layer of the wrapping material wrapping the soft-packed battery body directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange).
  • the present invention also provides another battery module, which includes a plurality of stacked batteries and a plurality of sealed frames; the sealed frame includes a frame top edge and a frame side located on one or both sides of the frame top edge On the other hand, a sealed interface is formed between the frame top edge of the sealed frame and the battery, and a sealed interface is formed between the frame side edge of the sealed frame and the battery.
  • the battery is preferably a soft pack battery.
  • the module When the soft pack battery is charged and discharged or when the module is assembled on the vehicle, the module also contains coolant; the body of the soft pack battery directly contacts the coolant for heat exchange (or wraps the soft pack battery) The outermost wrapping material of the main body is in direct contact with the cooling liquid to exchange heat, or the outermost layer of the wrapping material covering the soft-packed battery body is in direct contact with the cooling liquid to exchange heat).
  • the present invention also provides a battery module, which includes a plurality of stacked batteries and cooling fluid channels between the batteries, the battery is wrapped with an insulating layer, and the insulating layer is wrapped with an anticorrosive layer, and the adjacent At least three peripheries of the anti-corrosion layer between the batteries are provided with a sealing structure, and the sealing structure can allow the cooling liquid between adjacent batteries to circulate without leaking out of the sealing structure.
  • the anti-corrosion layer is preferably a metal layer or a metal plastic composite film.
  • the sealing structure can be coated with sealant on the periphery of the battery room, or can be provided with a sealing rubber strip on the periphery of the battery room.
  • the present invention also provides another soft-packed battery module, the module includes a plurality of soft-packed batteries and a cooling liquid, and the soft-packed battery module is configured such that at least a part of the body of the soft-packed batteries and The cooling liquid is in contact with the heat-sealed edge of the soft-packed battery core and the cutting edge is not in contact with the cooling liquid.
  • a battery module includes a plurality of soft-pack batteries and a cooling liquid.
  • the soft-pack batteries are packaged by an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the aluminum-plastic film of the soft-pack batteries contains a first metal layer.
  • the aluminum-plastic film of the soft-pack battery core is also wrapped with a protective layer, the cooling liquid is conductive, and it is configured (a structure with the following functions): at least part of the protective layer used to wrap the soft-pack battery core Direct contact with the conductive cooling liquid to exchange heat, and the insulation strength between the first metal layer in the aluminum plastic film of the soft-covered battery core and the conductive cooling liquid is greater than 2000 volts.
  • the protective layer is used to isolate the aluminum plastic film of the soft-pack battery core and the cooling liquid.
  • the protective layer includes a second metal layer, and the electrical insulation strength between the first metal layer and the second metal layer lasts for more than 5 years and is greater than 2000 volts.
  • the second metal there is no insulator interval between the exposed part of the second metal layer and the exposed part of the first metal layer, and the linear distance L1 between the exposed part of the second metal layer and the exposed part of the first metal layer closest to the first metal layer is ⁇ 2mm; or the second metal
  • the insulator has at least one convex peak, and the second metal layer is exposed to the highest distance d1 from the highest peak of the insulator peak, the highest point of the adjacent peak
  • the sum of the distance and the distance d2 between the exposed part of the first metal layer and the highest point of the insulator protrusion peak is ⁇ 2mm.
  • the present invention also provides a battery module, which contains a plurality of soft-pack batteries and a cooling liquid, the soft-pack batteries are packaged by an aluminum-plastic film, and the aluminum-plastic film of the soft-pack batteries contains a first metal A protective layer is also wrapped around the aluminum-plastic film of the soft-pack battery core.
  • the cooling fluid is conductive and is configured as (a structure with the following functions): the protective layer used to wrap the soft-pack battery core At least part of the layer is in direct contact with the conductive cooling liquid to exchange heat, and the insulation strength between the first metal layer in the aluminum-plastic film of the soft-clad battery core and the conductive cooling liquid is greater than 2000 volts;
  • the battery module is also configured to have the following sealing structure: its sealing interface is arranged between at least a part of the soft-pack battery core and the cut edge on the soft-pack battery core, so that the soft-pack battery At least part of the protective layer on the core body is in direct contact with the cooling liquid for heat exchange, and the cut edge on the edge of the soft-packed cell does not contact the cooling liquid.
  • a soft-pack battery module which contains a number of soft-pack batteries and a cooling liquid.
  • the soft-pack batteries are packaged by an aluminum-plastic film.
  • the aluminum-plastic film contains a first aluminum foil layer.
  • the aluminum plastic film is further wrapped with a second plastic insulating layer, and a second aluminum foil protective layer is additionally wrapped on the outside of the second plastic insulating layer;
  • the soft-pack battery module is constructed into a structure with the following functions: At least part of the second aluminum foil protective layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid to exchange heat, and the electrical insulation strength between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer in the aluminum plastic film is greater than 2000 volts; or/ And, the electrical gap between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer is greater than 2 mm.
  • the aluminum plastic film and the second plastic insulating layer are separated.
  • the present invention also provides another soft-packed battery module.
  • the module includes a plurality of stacked soft-packed batteries and a plurality of sealing frames; the module also contains a cooling liquid; the sealed side of the soft-packed battery The cut edges on the sides are sealed between the frame sides of two adjacent sealed frames, so that the cut edges on the sealed sides are isolated from the cooling liquid; the body of the soft pack battery directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange. This avoids direct contact between the cut edges and the coolant.
  • the present invention also provides another battery (preferably soft-pack battery) module, the module includes a plurality of stacked battery packs and a plurality of sealed frames; the sealed frame includes a frame top edge and a frame located on the top edge On one or both sides of the frame side, the top edge of the battery pack is arranged between the frame top edges of two adjacent sealed frames, and the top edge of the frame and the top edge of the battery pack form a sealed interface.
  • the side of the battery pack is arranged between the frame sides of two adjacent sealed frames, and the frame side and the side of the battery pack form a sealed interface.
  • the battery pack includes two or more batteries, and the two or more batteries are wrapped with waterproof membrane or waterproof foil (the waterproof foil is preferably aluminum foil).
  • the battery pack is preferably also sandwiched with a fireproof layer or/and a foam layer.
  • the battery pack is preferably a soft pack battery pack.
  • two soft-packed batteries sandwich a foam layer to form an intermediate, and an aluminum foil layer is wrapped around the intermediate as an anti-corrosion layer.
  • the anti-corrosion layer is in contact with the cooling liquid, and the plastic layer on the soft-pack battery is not in contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the top edge of the soft pack battery pack is formed by pressing the top edges of the two or more soft pack batteries together and wrapped with a waterproof membrane or waterproof foil, and the side edges of the soft pack battery pack are formed by the The sides of two or more soft-packed batteries are pressed together and wrapped with waterproof membrane or waterproof foil to form.
  • the present invention also provides another square metal hard-shell battery module, which includes a plurality of stacked metal hard-shell batteries, the metal hard-shell battery is wrapped with an insulating layer, and the insulating layer is wrapped with The waterproof layer (preferably an aluminum foil layer), the module also contains a cooling liquid channel, and the cooling liquid channel is arranged between two adjacent metal hard-shell batteries.
  • the insulation strength between the metal hard shell and the waterproof layer is greater than 1000V, and further greater than 2000V.
  • the creepage distance between the metal hard shell and the waterproof layer is greater than 2 mm, and further greater than 4 mm.
  • the metal hard shell battery is a blade battery.
  • the sealing frame has a frame top side and two frame sides, and the frame sides are located on both sides of the frame top side. Still further, the sealing frame further has a frame bottom edge, and the frame bottom edge is located on the side of the frame opposite to the top edge of the frame.
  • the sealing frame has two frame top edges and one frame side edge, and the frame side edges are located on the same side of the frame top edge.
  • the sealing frame has two frame top edges and two frame side edges, and the frame side edges are located on both sides of the frame top edge.
  • the sealing frame has two frame top edges and one or two frame side edges, the two frame top edges are connected to each other, and the frame side edges are located on the side or opposite to the frame top edge.
  • the top edge or the side edge of the soft pack battery is formed by heat sealing to form a heat-sealed top edge or a heat-sealed side edge; the top edge or the side edge can also be formed by bonding with an adhesive Seal the top edge or seal the side edge.
  • the sealing frame also has a frame bottom edge, and the heat-sealed bottom edge of the soft pack battery is arranged between the frame bottom edges of two adjacent sealed frames, The bottom edge of the frame and the bottom edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • the sealed frame and the heat-sealed edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • the soft pack battery has a heat-sealed top edge and a heat-sealed side edge.
  • the sealed frame has a corresponding structure and number of frame top edges and frames Side.
  • the sealing frame may also have a bottom edge of the frame as required.
  • the above-mentioned soft-pack battery module further includes a partition, and the module includes a plurality of stacked soft-pack batteries, a plurality of sealing frames, and a plurality of partitions, and the partition is used to separate the partitions.
  • the soft-packed batteries on both sides of the plate form a flow channel, and the cooling liquid flows in the formed flow channel and directly contacts the soft-packed battery body to exchange heat.
  • the sealing frame includes a ⁇ -shaped or ⁇ -shaped structure, and the sealing frame includes one or two frame top edges and two or one frame side edges.
  • the ⁇ type (referred to as "ji" type) or ⁇ type (referred to as " ⁇ " type) is a rough shape (or basically ⁇ type or ⁇ type).
  • the top edge of the frame is attached to the top edge of the soft pack battery for sealing the top edge of the soft pack battery.
  • the side of the frame is attached to the side of the soft pack battery for sealing the side of the soft pack battery.
  • the top edge of the frame and the heat-sealed top edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface, which can seal the cooling liquid directly in contact with the body of the soft pack battery for heat exchange to prevent the cooling liquid from overflowing from the heat-sealed top edge.
  • the side of the frame and the heat-sealed side of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface, which can seal the coolant to prevent the coolant from overflowing from the heat-sealed side, and/or can make the coolant seal to avoid the coolant and the soft pack
  • the cut edge of the battery contacts.
  • the "avoid contact between the coolant and the cut edge of the soft pack battery” means “avoid direct contact between the coolant and the cut edge of the soft pack battery” or “avoid contact between the coolant and the cut edge of the soft pack battery after passing through other substances. ".
  • the "cut edge of the soft pack battery” refers to the heat-sealed edge or the cut edge of the soft pack battery.
  • the cross section of the cut edge usually contains a non-metallic resin layer or adhesive layer.
  • the soft-pack battery body refers to the bulged part of the soft-pack battery that is wrapped with the positive and negative pole cores.
  • the battery core wrapped inside will generate heat during operation and needs to be cooled.
  • At least part of the body of the soft-packed battery of the present invention is immersed in the cooling liquid and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid.
  • the direct contact of the soft-packed battery with the cooling liquid refers to the direct contact between the outer packaging material that wraps the soft-packed battery and the cooling liquid.
  • the outer packaging material for wrapping the soft-packed battery includes the packaging material that directly wraps the battery cell, as well as the packaging material that is secondarily wrapped (or indirectly wrapped).
  • the "soft pack battery body is in direct contact with the coolant" refers to the secondary packaging (or indirect packaging) on the soft pack battery body
  • the packaging material is in direct contact with the coolant.
  • the so-called secondary packaging (or indirect packaging) material refers to the packaging material that the material is wrapped on the outside of the soft-pack battery that already has an outer packaging material (primary packaging material).
  • the soft-packed battery with secondary packaging which is in direct contact with the cooling liquid, it means that the secondary packaging material is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the so-called secondary package is only a general term, and it also includes multiple packages such as two or more packages.
  • the soft-packed battery of the present invention is preferably wrapped by an aluminum-plastic composite film.
  • top edge of the soft pack battery refers to the sealed edge with tabs extending from the soft pack battery.
  • the soft pack battery has one top side or two top sides.
  • the soft pack battery can be divided into two types: Type A and Type B.
  • the so-called A-type soft pack battery means that the positive and negative ears are led out by the same heat-sealed edge.
  • the so-called B-type soft pack battery means that the positive and negative ears are led out by the heat-sealed edges on opposite sides.
  • the heat-sealed side with the tabs extending out is defined as the top side, so the A-type battery has only one top side; the B-type battery has two top sides (the first top side and the second top side).
  • the soft-pack battery can have one top heat-sealing edge (Type A soft-pack battery), that is, its positive and negative ears extend outward from the top heat-sealing edge; the soft-pack battery can also have two top heat-sealing edges ( B-type soft-pack battery), that is, the positive and negative ears respectively extend outward from two opposite heat-sealed edges.
  • Type A soft-pack battery that is, its positive and negative ears extend outward from the top heat-sealing edge
  • B-type soft-pack battery that is, the positive and negative ears respectively extend outward from two opposite heat-sealed edges.
  • the side opposite to the top side is the bottom side, and the bottom side can be heat-sealed or folded (the folded edge does not need to be heat-sealed, nor is it trimmed).
  • the bottom side refers to the side without heat-sealing and trimming. If the B-type battery has 2 heat-sealed sides, the B-type battery does not have a bottom side.
  • the soft-pack battery can have 3 heat-sealed edges (or sealed edges) and 1 folded edge.
  • the folded edge does not need to be heat sealed but can be folded in half; there is also no edge folded, that is, all 4 edges are heat sealed. Or sealed edge.
  • the cutting edge (also referred to as the cut surface) in the present invention refers to the cross-section of the outermost edge of the heat-sealed edge, and usually the middle part of the cross-section is a polypropylene layer.
  • the inner side of the frame side and the heat-sealed side of the soft-pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • a sealed interface is formed between the outer sides of two adjacent frame sides.
  • the sealing interface can make the cut edge of the soft pack battery sealed in the frame, so as to avoid direct contact between the cut edge and the outside air or cooling liquid.
  • the soft-pack battery module described above further has one or more of the following technical features in a) to i):
  • a sealant is also arranged between two adjacent sealing frames, and the sealant seals the cut edges of the heat-sealed sides in the sides of the frames.
  • the sealing frame includes a sealing frame frame and an elastic sealing element.
  • the sealing frame frames of two adjacent sealing frames clamp the elastic sealing element and the heat-sealed side of the soft pack battery, so that the cut edge of the heat-sealed side is sealed to the frame In the side. In this way, the cut edge is completely contained in the elastic seal. In this way, the cooling liquid on both sides of the elastic seal will not directly contact the cut edge.
  • the sealing frame includes a sealing frame frame and an elastic sealing member.
  • the sealing frame frames of two adjacent sealing frames clamp the elastic sealing member and the heat-sealed side of the soft pack battery so that the cut edge of the heat-sealed side is sealed to the frame Outside of the side edge, the cooling liquid directly in contact with the soft-pack battery body is physically separated from the cut edge. In this way, the cut edge and the cooling liquid are respectively located on both sides of the side edge of the frame.
  • the sealed frame includes the top edge of the frame and the side edges of the frame located on both sides of the top edge of the frame.
  • e It also includes the bottom edge of the frame.
  • the two sides of the bottom edge of the frame are connected with the side edges of the frame on both sides, or connected with the top edge of the frame on both sides.
  • the soft-pack battery includes a bottom heat-sealed edge, that is, a bottom-sealed edge, and the cut edge of the bottom-sealed edge of the soft-pack battery is sealed between the bottom edges of the two adjacent sealed frames.
  • the sealing method is adhesive sealing or gasket sealing on the sealing frame.
  • the sealing frame includes the top edge of the first frame and the top edge of the second frame, and one or two frame sides. Any one of the frame sides extends from the top edge of the first frame to the top edge of the second frame.
  • one of the sealing frames has a concave sealing surface
  • the opposite sealing frame has a convex sealing surface
  • the concave and convex sealing surfaces form a cooperation for sealing.
  • a cavity is provided on the side or bottom of the sealing frame, or a cavity is formed between the sides or bottoms of two adjacent sealing frames, the cavity Used for the inflow or outflow of coolant. More specifically, cavities are provided on the sides or bottom edges of the sealing frames located on the adjacent two sides of the partition, or between the sides or bottom edges of the sealing frames located on the adjacent two sides of the partition. The cavity is used for the inflow or outflow of the cooling liquid.
  • the sealing frame does not have a bottom edge (for example, the sealing frame is a ⁇ type structure), and the cooling liquid flows into or from the partition between the bottoms of adjacent soft-pack batteries. Outflow.
  • the module further includes a cooling liquid container in which the soft-pack battery and the sealing frame are placed.
  • the module further includes a bottom plate that forms a seal with the bottom of the sealing frame (such as the opening side of the ⁇ -shaped sealing frame), and the bottom of the soft-pack battery module Or the bottom plate has an inlet and an outlet for the cooling liquid.
  • the resin layer or adhesive layer, the sealant layer or resin layer used to bond the outermost wrapping material) are not in contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the outermost wrapping material may also be the outermost layer of the wrapping material.
  • the outside of the soft pack battery module is tied tightly between the sealing frames with straps, or the sealing frames are fastened with through bolts; so that the two adjacent sealing frames that clamp the heat-sealed edges of the soft pack battery are sealed good.
  • the frame top side of the sealed frame refers to the side on the sealed frame that is attached to the top side of the soft pack battery
  • the frame side of the sealed frame refers to the side on the sealed frame that is attached to the side of the soft pack battery.
  • the sealed frame may also have a bottom edge of the frame, which corresponds to the bottom edge of the soft pack battery.
  • the weight of a single above-mentioned sealing frame is preferably 1.5 g to 9995 g.
  • the thickness of the single above-mentioned sealing frame is preferably 0.3 mm to 95 mm.
  • the battery of the present invention is a soft-packed battery or a hard-shell battery, and the above-mentioned soft-packed battery is preferably a lithium-ion soft-packed battery.
  • the material of the sealing frame of the present invention is preferably a sealing frame containing plastic.
  • the battery has a positive electrode metal foil and a negative electrode metal foil, and the thickness of the positive electrode metal foil is preferably 3.1 micrometers to 49 micrometers.
  • the thickness of the negative electrode metal foil in the battery is preferably 3.3 to 47 microns.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a battery module, including:
  • a sealed frame which includes a sealed edge (the sealed edge includes a sealed top edge and a sealed side edge);
  • a sealant is coated between the sealing edge of the soft pack battery and the sealing edge of the sealing frame, so that a sealing surface is formed between the sealing edge of the sealing frame and the sealing edge of the soft pack battery.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a battery module, including:
  • the sealed frame has a sealed edge
  • the soft-packed battery has a sealed edge
  • the sealing frame and the soft pack battery are sequentially stacked, so that the sealing edge of the sealing frame and the sealing edge of the soft pack battery form a seal.
  • the method of forming the seal is preferably to coat the sealing edge of the sealing frame and the sealing edge of the soft pack battery with a sealant or provide a sealing gasket. After forming the seal, it is used to seal the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid flowing on the surface of the soft-pack battery body does not contact the cut edges.
  • the module of the present invention can be a standard module or an entire battery pack.
  • the entire battery pack consists of only one large module.
  • the cooling liquid of the present invention can be various liquid media, preferably water, or an antifreeze containing ethylene glycol and water, or lubricating oil.
  • the thickness of the soft-pack battery body in the invention is preferably 2.7-43 mm.
  • the battery module in the present invention further includes a temperature sensor.
  • the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature of the battery or cooling liquid in the module.
  • the soft-packed battery module of the present invention can also be referred to as a soft-packed battery module.
  • the description scope of the technical solutions in the present invention also includes various feasible combinations of the above solutions or technical features. The present invention will not be repeated one by one here.
  • plan 2 refers to plan 1, including plan 1 and its feasible sub-plans.
  • the present invention also provides the following soft-pack battery module solutions: the soft-pack battery module as described in any of the above-mentioned soft-pack battery module solutions, wherein the soft-pack battery is described in any of the above-mentioned soft-pack battery solutions Soft pack battery.
  • the following schemes are included, which are just examples as follows:
  • a soft-pack battery module includes a plurality of stacked soft-pack batteries and a plurality of sealed frames;
  • the sealed frame includes a frame top edge and frame sides located on one or both sides of the frame top edge
  • the top edge of the soft pack battery is set between the top edges of the two sealed frames, and the top edge of the frame and the top edge of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface;
  • the sides of the soft pack battery are set on the two sealed frame frames Between the sides, the side of the frame and the side of the soft pack battery form a sealed interface.
  • the module When the soft pack battery is charged and discharged or when the module is assembled on the entire vehicle, the module also contains coolant; the body of the soft pack battery directly contacts the coolant to exchange heat (or wrap the soft pack) The outermost wrapping material of the battery body is in direct contact with the cooling liquid to exchange heat); wherein the battery core of the soft pack battery is wrapped with a metal-plastic composite film (aluminum-plastic film or steel-plastic film), and the metal-plastic composite The film contains a first metal layer (aluminum layer or steel layer), the soft pack battery has a heat-sealed top edge and a heat-sealed side edge, the heat-sealed side edge has a cut edge, and the cut edge has a first metal Layer; The metal plastic composite film of the soft pack battery is also wrapped with a second metal layer (aluminum layer or steel layer) or also wrapped with a metal foil tape (such as aluminum foil tape, copper foil tape or stainless steel foil tape), so The second metal layer is electrically insulated from the first metal layer in
  • the second metal layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the sealing frame and the second metal layer form a sealing interface, so that the metal plastic composite film does not contact the cooling liquid.
  • a soft-pack battery module which contains a plurality of soft-pack batteries and a cooling liquid, the soft-pack batteries are packaged by an aluminum-plastic film, the aluminum-plastic film contains a first aluminum foil layer, and the aluminum-plastic film It also includes a plastic layer laminated on the outside of the first aluminum foil layer, and at least a second protective layer is wrapped on the outside of the aluminum-plastic film, and the second protective layer includes a second aluminum foil protective layer;
  • the soft pack battery module It is constructed into a structure with the following functions:
  • At least part of the second aluminum foil protective layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid, and the electrical insulation strength between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer in the aluminum plastic film is greater than 2000 volts; or/and , The electrical gap between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer is greater than 2 mm; and,
  • the battery module also has the following sealing structure, the sealing interface of which is arranged between at least a part of the soft-packed battery core body and the cut edge on the soft-packed battery core sealing edge, so that the soft-packed battery core body is At least part of the outermost layer of the packaging material is in direct contact with the cooling liquid, and the cut edges on the edge sealing of the soft pack battery do not contact the cooling liquid.
  • At least one insulating layer is sandwiched between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer, and preferably the distance between the edge of the first aluminum foil layer and the edge of the second aluminum foil protective layer The distance is more than 2 mm; or preferably, the edge of the first aluminum foil layer is sealed and wrapped by an insulating material, so that the electrical gap between the first aluminum foil layer and the second aluminum foil protective layer is infinite.
  • the second protective layer is internally provided with an adhesive layer, so that the second protective layer is well bonded and attached to the soft-packed cell.
  • the adhesive is preferably a pressure-sensitive adhesive.
  • a second plastic insulating layer is further provided between the aluminum-plastic film and the second aluminum foil protective layer, and the second plastic insulating layer is formed after the aluminum-plastic film wraps the pole core to form a soft battery core. Re-wrap the soft-packed battery cell twice.
  • the soft-pack battery module further includes a plurality of sealing supports, the sealing support includes a sealing top edge and a sealing side edge, the sealing top edge and the top sealing edge of the soft-pack battery cores on both sides are formed between A sealing surface, a sealing surface is formed between the sealing side edges and the side sealing edges of the soft-packed batteries on both sides, so that the cooling liquid contacts the outermost packaging material on the body of the soft-packed batteries. It does not touch the trimmed edge of the soft-packed battery core.
  • the second protective layer of the present invention preferably wraps the soft-packed electric core after the aluminum-plastic film wraps the polar core to form the soft-packed electric core.
  • the secondary wrapping in the present invention means that the wrapping layer and the previous wrapping layer are separately wrapped, rather than being wrapped together.
  • the aluminum plastic film and the second plastic insulating layer are separated.
  • the second aluminum foil protective layer can play the role of moisture barrier, heat conduction, heat equalization, and electromagnetic shielding. It can also reduce the cost increase caused by multi-layer composite and disperse the expansion force of the electric core.
  • the secondary wrapping of the second aluminum foil protective layer also helps to solve the problems of insufficient electrical clearance and insulation strength.
  • the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing the battery module, which includes the following steps:
  • the aluminum-plastic film contains the first aluminum foil layer
  • a second protective layer is provided, the second protective layer includes a second aluminum foil layer, and the second protective layer is wrapped around the soft-packed battery core, so that the second aluminum foil layer and the first aluminum foil in the aluminum-plastic film
  • the electrical gap between the layers is greater than 2 mm;
  • a sealing structure is provided in the battery module so that at least part of the outermost packaging material on the soft-pack battery core body is in contact with the cooling liquid, and the cut edge on the sealing edge of the soft-pack battery core does not contact the cooling liquid .
  • the present invention also provides a rectangular aluminum hard-shell battery module solution, which includes a plurality of rectangular aluminum hard-shell batteries and a conductive cooling liquid.
  • An aluminum foil protective layer is also wrapped on the outside, and the electrical gap between the rectangular aluminum hard shell and the aluminum foil protective layer is greater than 2 mm; and,
  • the battery module also contains a sealing structure for sealing the cooling liquid.
  • the sealing surface of the sealing structure is arranged between at least a part of the aluminum foil protective layer and the edge of the aluminum foil protective layer outside the rectangular aluminum hard shell battery. In order to make the cooling liquid directly contact at least part of the aluminum foil protective layer without contacting the plastic insulating layer.
  • the sealing surface is preferably arranged on the aluminum foil protective layer along the edge. The sealing surface is preferably arranged by applying a sealant.
  • the length of the rectangular aluminum hard shell battery is 600 mm to 2500 mm, and the ratio of length/thickness is between 23 and 208.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle having any of the above-mentioned soft-pack battery modules.
  • the battery capacity of the soft pack battery module in the vehicle is in the range of 1.6 kWh to 980 kWh. Further, the vehicle also includes at least two airbags.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a type A soft pack battery, which has a main body 13 and a top heat-sealed edge 11 and two side heat-sealed edges 12, and the heat-sealed side edge 12 has a cut edge 120.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-section (ie, trimming) 120 on the outermost edge of the heat-sealed edge of a soft pack battery, which is sequentially laminated as a protective layer (such as nylon) 123, an aluminum layer 121, a heat-sealing layer (such as PP) 122, and aluminum
  • a protective layer such as nylon
  • PP heat-sealing layer
  • Figure 3 ⁇ -type structural sealing frame, including a frame top 21, two frame sides 22 and a frame bottom 23.
  • Figure 4 ⁇ type structure sealing frame, including 1 frame top 21 and 2 frame sides 22.
  • FIG. 5 is a soft-packed battery module, which includes a soft-packed battery 1, a sealing frame 2 and a cooling liquid container 3.
  • Figure 6 The inner core of the soft-pack battery module, which includes 14 soft-pack batteries, 21 sealed frames, and 8 separators.
  • Fig. 7 The soft pack battery 1 is assembled in the sealed frame 2, and the tab 14 extends from the top edge of the frame.
  • the cut edge of the heat-sealed edge of the soft pack battery is placed in the middle of the side 22 of the sealed frame, and the inside and outside of the side of the sealed frame Both sides are immersed in cooling water, but the cut edge of the soft pack battery is physically isolated from the cooling water.
  • Figure 8A is a B-type soft pack battery, which includes a first tab 141 and a second tab 142, the first tab 141 and the second tab 142 are located on opposite sides of the soft battery body 131, Figure 8B is used for A schematic diagram of a sealed frame structure of the soft pack battery.
  • Fig. 9 is another soft-packed battery module, which includes a soft-packed battery 1B and a sealing frame 2B.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a soft-pack battery sub-module of the present invention; among them, the left picture of Fig. 10 shows two soft-pack batteries 1B with a piece of elastic foam 15, the left picture does not show the anti-corrosion layer; the right picture shows the soft A cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of the battery pack submodule, which has two soft pack batteries 1B, a piece of elastic foam 15, and an anticorrosive layer 16 wrapped on the outside of the soft pack battery 1B.
  • 11A and 11B are schematic diagrams of several measuring methods of the distance between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.
  • the soft-pack battery and the cooling fluid directly contact and exchange heat; there are tabs 14 on the top of the battery, the soft-pack battery contains at least one electricity, and the battery core is wrapped by a soft packaging material that contains a first resin.
  • Layer polypropylene resin layer
  • first metal layer aluminum layer
  • second resin layer nylon layer and/or PET layer
  • the battery 1 may have a flat rectangular structure, including a main body 13, and the periphery of the main body 13 has a sealed top edge 11 and a sealed side edge 12. There is a cut edge 120 where the first metal layer is exposed.
  • the flexible packaging material includes two layers covering the upper and lower layers of the battery.
  • the cut edges of the two layers of flexible packaging material are sealed, and a sealed side edge 12 is formed on the side, and a sealed top edge 11 is formed on the top.
  • the tab 14 penetrates from the top edge of the seal.
  • the sealing edge and the cutting edge of the traditional soft pack battery are laminated on the top and bottom of the flexible packaging material.
  • a protective layer first resin layer, such as nylon
  • an aluminum layer 121 aluminum layer
  • a heat seal a protective layer
  • the layer 122, the aluminum layer 121, the protective layer 123, and the second resin layer are heat-sealed together after heating.
  • Soft-pack batteries often use PP layer as the heat-sealing layer. The PP layer can easily allow water vapor to penetrate into the inside of the cell.
  • This application proposes to use nylon layer and/or PET layer as the second resin layer, and the second layer of laminated soft packaging materials
  • the resin layers can be heated and melted and connected together to form a sealing layer, or a sealant can be added between the second resin layers as the sealing layer, and the laminated flexible packaging material can be sealed and connected at the cut.
  • the cut edges of the flexible packaging material are insulated to wrap the exposed first metal layer.
  • the insulation treatment method adopts an insulating film to seal and wrap; or heat-sealing the edge of the soft pack battery to prevent the exposed first metal layer from being wrapped.
  • a second metal layer (for example, an aluminum alloy layer) may also be wrapped on the outside of the second resin layer, but the second metal layer is not necessary in this embodiment.
  • the second metal layer and the second resin layer are bonded with an adhesive resin, and the adhesive resin is coated on the second metal layer in advance, or coated on the second plastic layer in advance .
  • the edge of the second metal layer 124 is not flush with the trimmed edge.
  • the first resin The layer forms two sharp corners, the distance between the top of the second metal layer 124 and the first sharp corner is d1, the distance between the first sharp corner and the second angle is d3, and the distance between the second sharp corner and the first metal layer (or The thickness of the first resin layer at the cut edge) is d2, d1+d2+d3 ⁇ 2mm. Or, as shown in FIG.
  • the soft-pack battery is packaged with aluminum-plastic film, and the module contains 14 soft-pack batteries 1 (A-type soft-pack batteries) and a sealing frame 2.
  • the sealing frame will After the soft pack battery is fixed, it is placed on the fixing frame 3 for position fixation.
  • the body 13 of the soft pack battery 1 is immersed in the cooling liquid and directly contacts the cooling liquid for heat exchange; referring to Figures 3, 4, and 7, the sealing frame 2 includes the top edge 21 and the side edges 22 located on both sides of the top edge.
  • the top edge 21 of the frame and the sealed top edge 11 of the battery 1 form a sealed interface to seal the cooling liquid to avoid overflow of the cooling liquid; the side 22 of the sealing frame 2
  • the inner side and the sealed side edge 12 of the battery 1 form a sealed interface, and the outer sides of the adjacent two frame sides form a sealed interface to seal and isolate the cooling liquid to prevent the cooling liquid from contacting the cut edges of the soft pack battery.
  • the cooling liquid is an antifreeze liquid containing ethylene glycol and water.
  • FIG. 6 there are 8 fins 4 between the soft-pack batteries and outside of the module. The fins are used to separate the soft-pack batteries and form cooling fluid channels between the soft-pack batteries. There are two soft-pack batteries between every two fins 2, so as to ensure that at least one surface of each soft-pack battery is in direct contact with the coolant for heat exchange.
  • the cut edge (cross section) of the heat-sealed edge of the soft pack battery contains a high molecular polypropylene PP layer 122.
  • the long-term water vapor barrier of the PP layer 122 is not very good. If the PP layer is placed in the cooling water and the cooling water In direct contact, the water in the cooling water will infiltrate into the battery cell through the PP layer and react with the electrolyte to generate hydrofluoric acid. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid direct contact between the cooling water and the cut edge of the battery to extend the battery life.
  • the sealing frame is composed of a sealing frame frame (such as plastic or metal) and an elastic sealing element (such as rubber) integrated together, and the sealing frame skeletons of two adjacent sealing frames clamp the elastic sealing element and the side surface of the soft pack battery The heat-sealed edge on the upper part, so that the cut edge of the soft pack battery is sealed with the elastic seal.
  • a sealing frame frame such as plastic or metal
  • an elastic sealing element such as rubber
  • the sealing frame 2 includes two parts, the two parts sandwich the soft pack battery, wherein the sides of the two parts clamp the side heat-sealing edge of the soft pack battery, and the cut edge of the soft pack battery side is close to One side of the soft-pack battery body is coated with a sealant, and the sealant bonds and seals the sides of the two parts and the side heat-sealed edges of the soft-pack battery to form a sealing surface.
  • the cut edge of the side of the soft pack battery is provided with an elastic body on the side close to the body of the soft pack battery.
  • the elastic body can be arranged on one or two parts of the side, or it can be arranged on the aluminum-plastic film, or The first resin layer of the aluminum-plastic film itself has elasticity or is replaced by an elastomer.
  • the elastic body is sandwiched between the side edges and the side heat-sealed edges of the two parts, and a sealing surface is formed by elastic force.
  • Figure 3 shows that the sealing frame is of a ⁇ -shaped structure, including the top edge 21, the bottom edge 23, and the left and right sides 22 of the frame. If the soft pack battery includes a bottom heat-sealed edge, that is, a heat-sealed bottom edge, the cut edge of the heat-sealed bottom edge of the soft pack battery is sealed between the bottom edges 23 of two adjacent sealing frames.
  • a cavity 221 is provided on the side of the sealing frame, or a cavity 221 is formed between the sides of adjacent sealing frames, and the cavity is used for the inflow or outflow of cooling liquid. So that the cooling liquid flows through the cavity on one side and then contacts the body of the soft pack battery for heat exchange, and then flows out through the cavity on the other side.
  • 24 and 222 in the attached picture refer to the names or functions of parts, please provide
  • the module also includes a cooling liquid container, a sub-module composed of a soft pack battery and a sealed frame is placed in the container, and the container has an inlet and an outlet for cooling water (not shown in the figure).
  • the sealing surface adopts the sealing method B: the EPDM rubber sealing strip is used to abut all the heat-sealed edges of the cell close to the body 13, and the sides, top and bottom edges of the sealing frame are sealed by EPDM rubber The strip and the heat-sealed edge are sealed to form a sealing surface.
  • the side that does not contain the heat-sealed edge, and the sealing frame can have no side, so that the coolant can enter the area defined by the sealing frame through the side without the heat-sealed edge , The cut edge of the sealing edge is isolated from the coolant by the sealing surface.
  • the cost is medium, about 8 yuan; the reliability is poor, the interface is difficult to seal (2.5bar holding pressure, the leakage is 20Pa@60s), the probability of leakage is high (2 of 10 samples have different degrees of leakage); the process is convenient
  • the performance is medium (assembly time is about 22 minutes); the water vapor permeability is 0.006g/24h, and the water vapor permeability is small.
  • the sealing surface adopts the sealing method C: sealant is used to coat all the heat-sealed edges of the cell close to the body 13, and the sides, top and bottom edges of the sealing frame are all sealed and heat-sealed by the sealant The sides are sealed to form a sealing surface, and the side that does not contain the heat-sealed sides, the sealing frame may not be provided with sides, so that the cooling liquid enters the area limited by the sealing frame through the side without heat-sealing sides, and the sealing edge The cut edges are isolated from the coolant by the sealing surface.
  • the sealing frame in Example 1 is not used, and the sealing method A is adopted: only the top edge of the soft pack battery is sealed. In this case, the side edge is exposed to water.
  • the cost is high, about 12 yuan; the reliability is poor, the corners are easy to leak (2.5bar holding pressure, the leakage amount is 120Pa@60s), and the leakage probability is high (10 samples have different degrees of leakage); Poor convenience (approximately 1 hour assembling time); water vapor permeability is 0.018g/24h, water vapor permeability is large, side water seepage, and water vapor permeability is large.
  • the soft-pack battery is a B-type soft-pack battery, and its positive and negative lugs come out from opposite sides.
  • the positive lug 141 and the negative lug 142 are respectively Located at opposite ends of the soft pack battery body 131.
  • the B-type soft pack battery has two top sides, namely a first top side 111 and a second top side 112.
  • the sealing frame includes the top edge of the first frame and the top edge of the second frame, and one or two frame sides. side.
  • Figure 8B shows the ⁇ type structure sealed frame for the B-type soft pack battery, which includes a frame top 22 and two frame sides 21, the two sides 21 are placed on the first top side 111 and the second top side.
  • the side 112 is sealed by the method of embodiment 1, and the top side 22 is placed at the side 12B of the soft pack battery, and sealed by the method of embodiment 1, the first top side 111, the second top side 112, and the side of the soft battery 12B is isolated by the sealing surface in the area surrounded by the sealing frame 2.
  • the cooling liquid enters through the opening below the sealing frame 2 and contacts the body 13 for cooling, but the cutting edge will not contact the cooling liquid.
  • the module contains three B-type soft-pack batteries 1B and a sealed frame 2B, the body 13 of the soft-pack battery 1B is immersed in the coolant and replaced with the coolant Heat;
  • the sealed frame 2B includes two top edges and side edges located on both sides of the top edge.
  • the top edge of the frame and the two top edges 111, 112 of the soft pack battery 1B form a sealed interface to seal the cooling liquid to avoid the cooling liquid Overflow;
  • the side of the sealing frame and the side 12B of the soft pack battery 1B form a sealed interface, which seals and isolates the cooling liquid to avoid overflow of the cooling liquid or to avoid direct contact between the cooling water and the cut edge of the battery.
  • Fins are also arranged between the soft-packed batteries, and the fins are used to separate the soft-packed batteries and form a coolant flow channel between the soft-packed batteries.
  • the soft-pack battery of the soft-pack battery module in this embodiment has the following structure: the battery core of the soft-pack battery is wrapped by aluminum-plastic film, and the aluminum
  • the plastic film contains an aluminum layer (8021 aluminum alloy), the soft pack battery has a heat-sealed top edge and a heat-sealed side edge, the heat-sealed side edge has a cut edge, and the cut edge has an aluminum layer;
  • the aluminum-plastic film of the soft pack battery is also wrapped with a second aluminum layer (or called an outer aluminum layer), and the aluminum layer in the trimming is electrically insulated from the second aluminum layer and subjected to anti-creeping treatment.
  • the second aluminum layer is in direct contact with the cooling liquid.
  • the aluminum plastic film is a three-layer aluminum plastic film composed of a polyamide resin layer, an 8021 aluminum alloy layer and a polypropylene resin layer.
  • the cut edge on the heat-sealed side of the soft pack battery is sealed by PI insulating film
  • the second aluminum layer extends on the outside of the side of the soft pack battery, and the two second aluminum layers on the outside of the side of the soft pack battery are bonded to each other to form a seal.
  • the inside of the second aluminum layer that wraps the soft-packed battery is pre-adhesive, so that the second aluminum layer and the aluminum-plastic film are well bonded.
  • the above-mentioned polyamide resin layer may also have a multilayer structure composed of PA and PET.
  • the polypropylene resin layer may also have other multilayer structures with heat sealing function.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another soft-pack battery sub-module of the present invention; among them, the left picture of Fig. 10 shows two soft-pack batteries 1B with a piece of elastic foam 15 sandwiched between them, and the left picture does not show the anti-corrosion layer; Fig. 10 right The figure is a cross-sectional view in the thickness direction of the soft-pack battery sub-module, which has two soft-pack batteries 1B, a piece of elastic foam 15, and an anti-corrosion layer 16 wrapped on the outside of the soft-pack battery 1B.

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Abstract

动力电池模组，包含有电池组、换热介质及模组外壳；所述电池组包括若干单体电池及动力连接片，所述动力连接片电连接相邻单体电池；所述外壳包裹在电池组及采样模块外部，所述采样模块包括柔性线路板和保护装置，所述柔性线路板上电连接有若干温度传感器和电流传感器；所述温度传感器与动力连接片连接，电流传感器与动力连接片电连接；所述保护装置包括外绝缘层和内绝缘层，外绝缘层覆盖在柔性线路板外表面上，所述内绝缘层夹设在动力连接片与单体电池之间。

Description

一种电池、其制作方法及应用 技术领域
本发明属于动力电池领域，尤其涉及一种新能源汽车电池模组，特别是一种软包电池、其制作方法及应用。
背景技术
新能源锂电池，相对于传统的干电池、燃料电池，具有安全性好、储能密度高、便于携带等优异特性，在现代的手机、电脑等各种电子产品中得到了广泛应用，目前所使用的锂电池单体主要是由壳体及放置在壳体内的电解质溶液及电芯组成，在锂电池单体的顶端设有正极及负极。
此外，目前软包电池模组对软包电池侧边的密封不够，若直接置于水中会导致水从侧边渗漏进去导致电池鼓胀失效。
软包电池的软包装材料通常为铝塑膜，若在包装电芯之前的铝塑膜中已包含有2层铝箔，它们之间虽然由塑料层隔离绝缘，但在电池包裹后的切边过程中，切边处的两层铝箔由于金属屑等原因或者由于两层铝箔同时裸露且距离过短(第二树脂的厚度不到0.1mm)容易导致在两层铝箔间施加高电压(如大于1800伏特)时爬电。
现有的电池密封方案中，采用顶边密封，而侧边浸泡在水中，容易导致侧边渗水。
随着石油能源的衰竭及人们对环保要求的提高，电动汽车或混合动力车取代现行的燃油车已成为必然的发展趋势。因此，作为电动汽车的核心动力能源——电池模组，其重要性显得尤为突出。
新能源汽车动力电池要求电池模组容量大，这就带来了电池模组体积大且结构复杂等问题。由于电池模组一般都由上百个单体电池串联而成，所以在大批量生产中，各单体电池之间的连接复杂。同时，为了保证车载动力电池的安全性能，需要对各单体电池进行温度和电压的监控。所以，电池模组中的采样模块也是相当重要的。
就目前而言，电池模组内部采样模块多为传统的线束采样方式，利用采样线束单独与单体电池相连并传送采样信号。这种采样方法，不仅线路较复杂，需要人工手动装配采样线束，不利于自动化生产；而且装配过程中极易出现错装、漏装等现象。除此之外，还需单独设立线束固定结构，较为复杂，且极易出现线皮磨损造成漏电。
因此，在实现电池模组大容量的前提下，需要尽量简化其连接、采样结构，以提供一种装配简单、安全性能好的电池模组。
发明内容
为实现上述目的，本发明第一部分提供如下方案：
一种电池，尤其是软包电池；其中，所述电池的顶端设有正极及负极。
一种动力电池模组，其特征在于由下列结构组成：外壳；所述电池组成的一个或更多个电池单体，并排设置于外壳内，所述电池单体的顶端设有正极及负极。
优选地，动力电池模组还包括：
——第一导电极板，包括第一定位部及第一接触部，所述第一定位部上设有多个间隔排列的第一定位槽，所述正极分别穿过所述第一定位槽并与其电连接；以及
——第二导电极板，包括第二定位部及第二接触部，所述第二定位部上设有多个间隔排列的第二定位槽，所述负极分别穿过所述第二定位槽并与其电连接。
一种动力电池模组，包括电池组、采样模块及外壳。电池组包括一个或更多个所述电池，外壳包裹在电池组及采样模块外部。
优选地，动力电池模组还包括动力连接片，动力连接片电连接相邻单体电池。
优选地，采样模块包括柔性线路板和保护装置，其中：
柔性线路板上电连接有若干温度传感器和电压采样端子，温度传感器与动力连接片连接，电压采样端子与动力连接片电连接；保护装置包括外绝缘层和内绝缘层，外绝缘层覆盖在柔性线路板外表面上，内绝缘层夹设在动力连接片与单体电池之间。
上述动力连接片包括第一连接端、第二连接端及固定端，第一连接端与第二连接端分别电连接在两相邻单体电池正极端子和负极端子上，温度传感器和电压采样端子连接在固定端上。
本发明还提供一种软包电池，所述软包电池包含有至少一个电芯，所述电芯外部包裹有第一包装层，(如金属塑料复合膜，如铝塑膜或钢塑膜)，所述第一包装层中包含有第一金属层(如，铝层或钢层)，所述电芯具有顶边和侧边，所述所述第一包装层在顶边和/或侧边具有切边，所述第一金属层在切边中暴露。
在一种优选实施例中，所述第一包装层包括上下两层，上下两层的第一包装层切边之间密封形成密封边。
在一种优选实施例中，所述第一包装层为袋状，至少一侧开口，每个开口处设有两个切边，开口处两个切边之间密封形成密封边。
如：第一包装层在电芯顶部、底部、至少一个侧部设有所述开口，每个开口处设有两个切边，开口处两个切边之间密封形成密封边。
更优选地，所述密封边可以是密封顶边、密封侧边中的任意一种或更多种。如可以是热封顶边和热封侧边。
在一种优选实施例中，在所述第一包装层外部还包裹有第二包装层，第二包装层中包含有第二金属层；或者，在所述第一包装层外部还包裹有第二金属层(优选铝层或钢层)或者金属箔胶带(优选为铝箔胶带)。
优选地，所述第二金属层与所述切边中暴露的第一金属层之间电绝缘或进行电绝缘处理，使得所述第二金属层与所述第一金属层之间电绝缘。
优选地，当包裹有第二金属层的软包电池浸泡在冷却液中时，所述第二金属层与冷却液直接接触。而上述第一包装层、或金属塑料复合膜与冷却液不接触。
本发明还提供一种电池，所述电池为金属硬壳电池，所述电池的金属硬壳外包裹有绝缘层，在该绝缘层外部还包裹有第二金属层，所述第二金属层与所述金属硬壳之间绝缘。优选地，其绝缘强度大于2000V。
本申请上述内容中，所述“第二”是一种泛指；比如所述第二金属层泛指区别于金属复合膜中金属层的另一种包裹在所述电芯外部的金属包装层。该第二金属层可以不仅有防水的作用，还可以有避免电磁辐射、均热和密封的作用。
其中，优选地，所述第二金属层与所述切边中的第一金属层之间爬电距离大于2毫米，更优选大于4毫米。
其中，所述若干电芯中电芯的数量优选为一个或二个。
优选地，所述第二金属层与所述第一金属层不接触，并且：
第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间无绝缘体间隔，并且第二金属层暴露处与距离最近的第一金属层暴露处直线距离L1为≥2mm；或者第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间存在绝缘体间隔，绝缘体存在至少1个凸起峰，第二金属层暴露处距离最近的绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d1、相邻凸起峰最高处间距、以及第一金属层暴露处距离最近绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d2之和L2≥2mm。
优选地，L1和L2分别独立的优选≥5mm，更优选为≥10mm。
优选地，L1和L2分别独立的优选≤50mm，更优选为≤40mm。
[0015]优选地，所述第一包装层的包覆和所述第二包装层的包覆，是独立进行的。或者说，所述第一包装层和所述第二包装层在包覆操作之前是分离的，而不是已经复合成一体的复合包装膜。
其中，优选地，用金属塑料复合膜包裹电芯中的包裹工艺、和用第二金属层进一步 包裹中的包裹工艺，是分别进行的。或者，所述金属塑料复合膜和所述第二金属层在包裹电芯工艺之前是分离的，而不是已经复合成一体的复合包装膜。
本发明还提供一种制造软包电池的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
将所述电芯用第一包装层(如金属塑料复合膜，如铝塑膜或钢塑膜)包裹，第一包装层在电芯侧部、顶部或底部的其中至少一个位置形成层叠边，将层叠边进行切割形成切边，层叠的切边之间进行密封，其中所述第一包装层中包含有第一金属层(如铝层或钢层)，第一金属层在切边处从第一包装层暴露。
优选地，两个第一包装层从电芯两侧覆盖电芯，在电芯顶边、底边以及侧边对层叠的第一包装层进行切割，形成所述切边。
优选地，一个第一包装层将电芯包裹，在电芯顶边、底边以及一个侧边形成层叠，在电芯顶边、底边以及侧边对层叠的第一包装层进行切割，形成所述切边。
优选地，第一包装层为袋状，一侧或两侧开口，电芯置于袋状第一包装层内，第一包装层在两个开口处层叠，并对层叠的第一包装层进行切割，形成所述切边。
优选地，对所述电芯的顶边和侧边的层叠的切边之间进行热封形成热封顶边和热封侧边，所述热封侧边具有切边，所述切边中将第一金属层从第一包装层暴露。
优选地，更在所述热封顶边和/或热封侧边的切边外部进行电绝缘处理(如包裹绝缘胶带)，将暴露的第一金属层封盖。
优选地，在所述第一包装层(如金属塑料复合膜)外部包裹第二金属层(如，铝层或钢层)或者包裹金属箔胶带(如铝箔胶带、铜箔胶带或不锈钢箔胶带)形成软包电池。
以上步骤优选是前后依次进行的，各步骤之间还可以有其他工艺步骤。
本发明上述第一包装层和第二包装层都是作为软包电池的包装材料，都属于本发明软包电池的一部分。
进一步的，该切边中的第一金属层与第二金属层之间电绝缘强度(或耐电压强度)大于1000伏特，优选大于1800伏特，更优选大于2500伏特。本发明上述电绝缘强度为X伏特，是指在第二金属层与切边中的第一金属层之间施加X伏特的电压，不会出现短路、爬电或击穿。
第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间无绝缘体间隔，并且第二金属层暴露处与距离最近的第一金属层暴露处直线距离L1为≥2mm；或者第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间存在绝缘体间隔，绝缘体存在至少1个凸起峰，第二金属层暴露处距离最近的绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d1、相邻凸起峰最高处间距、以及第一金属层暴露处距离最近绝 缘体凸起峰最高处距离d2之和L2≥2mm。
优选地，L1和L2分别独立的优选≥5mm，更优选为≥10mm。
优选地，L1和L2分别独立的优选≤50mm，更优选为≤40mm。
优选地，第二包装层覆盖切边、或者第二包装层不覆盖切边并且第二包装层边缘距离切边存在一个距离，该距离≥2mm，优选≥为5mm，更优选为≥10mm。。
其中，第一金属层材质优选为铝箔或不锈钢箔或铜箔。金属塑料复合膜优选为由依次层叠的第一树脂层、第一金属层和第二树脂层复合形成，即该金属塑料复合膜由上述3层复合形成。金属塑料复合膜优选为铝塑复合膜(简称铝塑膜)。第二金属层优选为铝层或不锈钢层。
本发明所述第一树脂层和第一金属层和第二树脂层以及第二金属层依次层叠，相邻两层之间的连接可以直接复合，也可以通过粘合剂复合、或者是热熔复合、或者其他方式复合。
软包电池的热封侧边上的切边优选地由绝缘膜进行密封以避免切边中的第一金属层与第二金属层电连通或爬电，或者该切边优选地通过折边以避免与第二金属层电连通或爬电。
进一步的，所述第二金属层将切边以及切边外的绝缘膜包裹起来。第二金属层与切边中的第一金属层电绝缘。
优选地，第二金属层包裹于切边和绝缘膜之外，第二金属层延伸于软包电池侧边外侧，软包电池侧边外侧的两层第二金属层相互连接(连接方式优选为粘接)形成密封。
或者，包裹软包电池的金属塑料复合膜与第二金属层之间通过粘合剂粘接。
优选地，第二金属层内侧背胶，以便使得第二金属层与金属塑料复合膜良好的贴合。
第一树脂层和第二树脂层分别是单层树脂层、或者是多层树脂层。第一树脂层和第二树脂层分别优选是电绝缘性材料，比如聚丙烯PP、尼龙、PET或者聚酰亚胺等。第一树脂层通常包含有热封层，如PP层。
如上所述的软包电池，所述金属塑料复合膜的切边进行绝缘处理，以防止第一金属层外露。所述绝缘处理方式优选是采用绝缘膜密封包裹；或者，所述绝缘处理方式优选是将软包电池热封侧边折边以防止第一金属层外露。
如上所述的软包电池，所述第二金属层与第二树脂层之间采用粘接性树脂粘接。
如上所述的软包电池，该粘接性树脂提前涂覆在所述第二金属层上，或提前涂覆在所述第二塑料层外表面上。比如，采用铝箔胶带作为第二金属层包裹在铝塑膜外面。
如上所述的软包电池，位于软包电池前后两面的、延伸于软包电池侧边之外的两层 所述第二金属层相互贴合密封。
本发明还提供如下软包电池冷却装置：一种软包电池冷却装置，其包含有软包电池与冷却液，该软包电池由软包装材料包裹，包裹软包电池的软包装材料与冷却液直接接触换热。所述软包装材料包含有(或依次层叠有)第一树脂层、第一金属层和第二树脂层，所述软包装材料还包含有第二金属层，所述第二金属层包裹在第二树脂层外侧。所述第二金属层与冷却液直接接触。
第一金属层和第二金属层之间电绝缘且绝缘强度大于1800伏特。第一金属层和第二金属层之间优选通过绝缘膜或折边进行电绝缘。
本发明所述的软包装材料是指相对于方型硬壳电池外的硬外壳而言具有易变形性能。本发明所述的软包装材料可以是金属塑料复合膜(如铝塑膜)、也可以是金属箔如铝箔。所述铝箔可以是200～300微米的铝箔，也可以是200微米以内的铝箔。本发明中的该铝箔具有易变形的特征，不同于方形铝壳电池外的铝壳。本发明所述的软包装材料中的各层可以是一次性复合形成的，也可以是多次复合形成的。所述多次复合形成可以是先由铝塑膜包裹电芯形成初级软包电池，然后再由第二金属层包裹该初级软包电池形成本发明的软包电池。
一种软包电池冷却装置，其包含有软包电池与冷却液，所述软包电池的电芯外部采用金属塑料复合膜包裹，所述金属塑料复合膜中包含有第一金属层，所述软包电池具有热封顶边和热封侧边，所述热封侧边具有切边，所述切边中具有第一金属层；在所述金属塑料复合膜外部还包裹有第二金属层，所述切边与所述第二金属层之间电绝缘或进行电绝缘处理，所述第二金属层与冷却液直接接触。
一种软包电池冷却装置，该冷却装置包含冷却液和上述任一种所述软包电池，软包电池外的第二金属层与冷却液直接接触换热。
本发明中所述冷却液优选为含有乙二醇和水的防冻冷却液(或称防冻液)。
本发明所述金属塑料复合膜的切边，是指软包电池的热封边上的切边(即所述热封顶边或热封侧边中的切边)。该切边中包含树脂层(如PP层)和第一金属层。该切边是两层金属塑料复合膜(如传统铝塑膜)热封后的热封边被裁切后的横截面。
为了表述更清楚和方便，本发明说明如下：软包电池的热封边分为顶热封边(简称顶边)和侧热封边(简称侧边)，有时也有热封底边，软包电池具有本体和热封边，软包电池的本体的四周或三周具有热封边。
本发明技术方案可解决现有技术中动力软包电池在冷却水中的长期绝缘问题，确保冷却夜与电芯正负极之间的绝缘强度和泄漏电流满足现有技术标准要求(如绝缘强度大于 1800伏特且绝缘电阻大于100欧姆/伏特)，解决车辆长期(如10年以上)运行过程中的绝缘问题。
上述铝箔胶带中的铝箔厚度优选为40微米至200微米。
本发明中技术方案的记载范围还包括上述方案或技术特征的各种可行的组合。本发明在此不再一一赘述。
一种电池模组，其包括若干所述软包电芯和冷却液，该电池模组被构造成具有如下结构和功能：所述软包电芯本体上的包装材料的最外层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触换热，而所述软包电芯封边上的切边不接触冷却液。
一种用于所述软包电芯模组中冷却液的密封结构，该密封结构使得所述软包电芯本体上的包装材料的最外层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触换热，而所述软包电芯封边上的切边不接触冷却液。
一种电池冷却液密封结构，其包括若干所述软包电芯和冷却液，其密封界面被设置在所述软包电芯本体的至少部分与软包电芯封边上的切边之间，以使得所述软包电芯本体上的包装材料的最外层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触换热，而所述软包电芯封边上的切边不接触冷却液。
即，电芯封边上的切边中的第一金属层与可导电的冷却液之间不接触且不会电连通。
一种软包电池密封框架，密封框架包括位于电池切边两侧的边框，边框与电池密封边之间形成密封面。
优选地，所述密封框架包含有П型或□型结构，所述密封框架包含一个或两个框架顶边，还包含一个或两个框架侧边。其中的П型或□型为基本上的或大致的形状。
一种带有密封框架的电池(优选为软包电池)，所述框架与电池的密封边形成密封面，以使得电池的密封边上的切边与冷却液隔离。
优选地，密封框架包括位于电池切边两侧的边框，边框与电池密封边之间形成密封面。
优选地，所述密封框架包含一个或两个框架顶边，还包含一个或两个框架侧边，框架顶边、框架侧边与电池的密封边形成密封面。
优选地，密封面可以是在切边与电芯之间的位置，或者优选地，密封面也可以是在电芯所处位置。优选地，每一个密封框架内，至少有两个电池，两个电池之间进行密封，形成密封面。其中，密封面可以是位于在切边与电芯之间的位置，或者优选地，密封面也可以是在电芯所处位置，或者也可以是电池远离切边的一侧的边缘位置。
优选地，电池的第二金属层靠近切边一端，位于密封面与切边之间的区域。
优选地，电池在使用时，密封面远离切边的一侧为接触冷却液的区域。
本发明的密封框架主要起密封软包电池密封边的作用，防止冷却液通过密封边外漏或通过密封边的切边渗入电芯内部。进一步的，所述密封框架也可起支撑和固定软包电池的作用。
其中，框架顶边与软包电池顶边贴合，用于密封软包电池顶边。框架侧边与软包电池侧边贴合，用于密封软包电池侧边。
本发明提供一种软包电池子模块(或称子模组)，所述子模块包含有由两个(或两个以上)软包电池层叠在一起形成的层叠体，并包含有包裹在该层叠体外部的防腐层。该防腐层可防止冷却液腐蚀渗透接触软包电池。
优选地，所述软包电池子模块还包含有夹于两个软包电池中间的弹性材料(优选为弹性泡棉)，该弹性材料可缓冲电池膨胀时的体积变化。
所述防腐层可以直接地包裹在该层叠体外侧，也可间接地包裹在该层叠体外侧(所谓间接地包裹是指在防腐层与层叠体之间还包裹有其他的层)。
所述防腐层中优选地包含有金属层。
作为一个实施例，所述防腐层优选为铝箔层或铝塑复合膜。
该防腐层与软包电池密封边的切边第一金属层暴露处之无绝缘体间隔，并且防腐层与距离最近的第一金属层暴露处直线距离L1为≥2毫米。
或者防腐层处与第一金属层暴露处之间存在绝缘体间隔，绝缘体存在至少1个凸起峰，防腐层距离最近的绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d1、相邻凸起峰最高处间距、以及第一金属层暴露处距离最近绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d2之和L2≥2mm。
优选地，L1和L2分别独立的优选≥5mm；且L1和L2分别独立的优选≤40mm。
本发明区别于现有技术的特点之一就是将起阻隔水渗透和腐蚀的防腐层放在成品电芯之后再包裹，且创造性地解决了防腐层与铝塑膜切边之间绝缘强度和电气间隙不足的问题。
本发明提供一种软包电池模组，所述软包电池模组包含有依次堆叠的所述软包电池子模块和隔板，在所述软包电池子模块和所述隔板之间形成有供冷却液流动的流体通道。
作为优选方案之一，其中，所述隔板的四周中的至少三周边与隔板两侧的软包电池外侧的防腐层之间设置成密封结构或设置有密封结构，冷却液在该密封结构内流动。
优选地，所述框架与第一包装层或第二包装层之间的密封面通过密封胶进行密封。
优选地，所述框架与第一包装层或第二包装层之间的密封面通过弹性体进行密封， 弹性体被压在框架与第一包装层之间的密封面位置。
优选地，所述切边环绕电池边缘，并且框架环形环绕电芯，框架上设有通孔，供冷却液通过。
本发明提供一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有多个软包电池和多个密封框架，所述密封框架包含有若干个框架边，所述软包电池包含有若干个密封边(简称封边)；相邻的两个密封框架的框架边将软包电池的密封边夹于其中，框架边与软包电池的密封边形成密封界面。在所述软包电池充放电时或在所述模组装配在整车上时，所述模组内还包含有冷却液；软包电池本体与冷却液直接接触换热(或者说包裹软包电池本体的最外层的包裹材料与冷却液直接接触换热，或者说包裹软包电池本体的包裹材料的最外层与冷却液直接接触换热)。框架边与软包电池的密封边形成密封界面，可使得与软包电池本体直接接触换热的冷却液密封以避免冷却液从该密封边向外溢出或流过；从而避免冷却液与电池封边上的切边接触，也避免了冷却液与电池正负电极接触。
所述框架边可以是框架顶边、或框架侧边、或者是框架底边(若有)。
所述软包电池的密封边，可以是密封顶边、或密封侧边、或者是密封底边(若有)。密封边密封的方式可以是热封密封、或者是胶粘剂密封。这些密封边具有开口切边，开口切边中有密封剂(密封剂可以是热封树脂或胶粘剂)，这些切边若暴露于冷却液中(即切边与冷却液直接接触)容易导致冷却液从切边中的密封剂处慢慢渗入，故通过上述框架边与软包电池密封边形成密封界面，以使得所有切边与冷却液物理隔离。动力软包电池通常有4个边，这些边分为密封边和折边。折边上没有切边，而密封边上有切边。软包电池可以有4个密封边，也可以是有3个密封边和1个折边。
优选地，本发明所述的密封界面可承受相对压力为2bar以上(更优选为5bar以上)的冷却液液压，使得接触电池本体的冷却液不通过密封界面从电池本体这一侧漏向密封界面的另一侧。
本发明还提供一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个软包电池和多个密封框架；所述密封框架包括框架顶边以及位于框架顶边一侧或两侧的框架侧边，软包电池的顶边被设置在相邻的两个密封框架的框架顶边之间，框架顶边与软包电池的顶边形成密封界面；软包电池的侧边被设置在相邻的两个密封框架的框架侧边之间，框架侧边与软包电池的侧边形成密封界面。在所述软包电池充放电时或在所述模组装配在整车上时，所述模组内还包含有冷却液；软包电池本体与冷却液直接接触换热(或者说包裹软包电池本体的最外层的包裹材料与冷却液直接接触换热，或者说包裹软包电池本体的包裹材料的最外层与冷却液 直接接触换热)。
本发明还提供另一种电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个电池和多个密封框架；所述密封框架包括框架顶边以及位于框架顶边一侧或两侧的框架侧边，密封框架的框架顶边与电池之间形成密封界面，密封框架的框架侧边与电池之间形成密封界面。所述电池优选为软包电池。在所述软包电池充放电时或在所述模组装配在整车上时，所述模组内还包含有冷却液；软包电池本体与冷却液直接接触换热(或者包裹软包电池本体的最外层的包裹材料与冷却液直接接触换热，或者包裹软包电池本体的包裹材料的最外层与冷却液直接接触换热)。
本发明还提供一种电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个电池和电池之间的冷却液通道，电池外包裹有绝缘层，绝缘层外包裹有防腐层，所述相邻电池间的所述防腐层的至少三周边设置有密封结构，该密封结构可使得冷却液在相邻电池间的冷却液通到流通而不泄漏到该密封结构外。
所述防腐层优选为金属层或金属塑料复合膜。所述密封结构可以是在电池间的周边涂覆密封胶，也可以是在电池间的周边设置密封胶条。
本发明还提供另一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有多个软包电芯和冷却液，所述软包电池模组被构造成所述软包电芯的至少部分本体与冷却液接触而所述软包电芯的热封边的切边与冷却液不接触。
一种电池模组，其包含有若干软包电芯和冷却液，所述软包电芯由铝塑膜包装，所述软包电芯的铝塑膜中包含有第一金属层，在所述软包电芯的铝塑膜外还包裹有防护层，所述冷却液可导电，其被构造成(具备如下功能的结构)：用于包裹软包电芯的所述防护层的至少部分与可导电冷却液直接接触换热，所述软包电芯的铝塑膜中的第一金属层与可导电冷却液之间的绝缘强度大于2000伏特。
所述防护层用于隔离软包电芯的铝塑膜和冷却液。
进一步的，所述防护层中包含有第二金属层，所述第一金属层与所述第二金属层之间的电绝缘强度持续5年以上大于2000伏特。
进一步地，第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间无绝缘体间隔，并且第二金属层暴露处与距离最近的第一金属层暴露处直线距离L1为≥2mm；或者第二金属层暴露处与第一金属层暴露处之间存在绝缘体间隔，绝缘体存在至少1个凸起峰，第二金属层暴露处距离最近的绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d1、相邻凸起峰最高处间距、以及第一金属层暴露处距离最近绝缘体凸起峰最高处距离d2之和L2≥2mm。
本发明还提供一种电池模组，其包含有若干软包电芯和冷却液，所述软包电芯由铝塑膜包装，所述软包电芯的铝塑膜中包含有第一金属层，在所述软包电芯的铝塑膜外还包裹有防护层，所述冷却液可导电，其被构造成(具备如下功能的结构)：用于包裹软包电芯的所述防护层的至少部分与可导电冷却液直接接触换热，所述软包电芯的铝塑膜中的第一金属层与可导电冷却液之间的绝缘强度大于2000伏特；
该电池模组还被构造成具有如下密封结构：其密封界面被设置在所述软包电芯本体的至少部分与软包电芯封边上的切边之间，以使得所述软包电芯本体上的防护层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触换热，而所述软包电芯封边上的切边不接触冷却液。
一种软包电池模组，其包含有若干软包电芯和冷却液，所述软包电芯由铝塑膜包装，所述铝塑膜中包含有第一铝箔层，在软包电芯的所述铝塑膜外部还包裹有第二塑料绝缘层，在该第二塑料绝缘层外部还另外包裹有第二铝箔防护层；该软包电池模组被构造成具有如下功能的结构：所述第二铝箔防护层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触换热，所述铝塑膜中的所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间的电绝缘强度大于2000伏特；或/和，所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间的电气间隙大于2毫米。
其中，在包裹软包电芯之前，所述铝塑膜与所述第二塑料绝缘层是分离的。
本发明还提供另一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个软包电池以及多个密封框架；所述模组内还包含有冷却液；软包电池的密封侧边上的切边密封于相邻两个密封框架的框架侧边之间，使得该密封侧边上的切边与冷却液隔离；软包电池的本体与冷却液直接接触换热。这样可避免切边与冷却液直接接触。
本发明还提供另一种电池(优选为软包电池)模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个电池组和多个密封框架；所述密封框架包括框架顶边以及位于框架顶边一侧或两侧的框架侧边，所述电池组的顶边被设置在相邻的两个密封框架的框架顶边之间，框架顶边与电池组的顶边形成密封界面。作为进一步的优选方案，所述电池组的侧边被设置在相邻的两个密封框架的框架侧边之间，框架侧边与电池组的侧边形成密封界面。
其中，所属电池组包含有两个或两个以上电池，所述的两个或两个以上电池外包裹有防水膜或防水箔(防水箔优选为铝箔)。所述的电池组中优选地还夹有防火层或/和泡棉层。
所述电池组优选为软包电池组。
比如，由两个软包电池夹一泡棉层组成一个中间体，在该中间体外包裹铝箔层作为防腐层。当软包电池模组中有冷却液通过时，该防腐层与冷却液接触，软包电池上的塑料层与冷却液不接触。
其中，所述软包电池组的顶边由所述两个或两个以上软包电池的顶边压在一起并包裹防水膜或防水箔形成，所述软包电池组的侧边由所述两个或两个以上软包电池的侧边压在一起并包裹防水膜或防水箔形成。
本发明还提供另一种方形金属硬壳电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个金属硬壳电池，所述金属硬壳电池外包裹有绝缘层，在该绝缘层外包裹有防水层(优选为铝箔层)，该模组中还包含有冷却液通道，所述冷却液通道设置在相邻的两个金属硬壳电池之间。优选地所述金属硬壳与所述防水层之间的绝缘强度大于1000V，进一步大于2000V。
优选地，所述金属硬壳与所述防水层之间的爬电距离大于2mm，进一步大于4mm。
优选地，所述金属硬壳电池为刀片电池。
如上所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，所述密封框架具有一个框架顶边和两个框架侧边，所述框架侧边位于所述框架顶边两侧。再进一步的，所述密封框架还具有一个框架底边，该框架底边位于所述框架侧边上的与所述框架顶边相反的一侧。
或者进一步的，所述密封框架具有两个框架顶边和一个框架侧边，所述框架侧边位于所述框架顶边的同一侧。
或者进一步的，所述密封框架具有两个框架顶边和两个框架侧边，所述框架侧边位于所述框架顶边的两侧。
或者进一步的，所述密封框架具有两个框架顶边和一个或两个框架侧边，两个框架顶边彼此相连，所述框架侧边位于框架顶边的侧面或对面。
所述软包电池的所述顶边或所述侧边通过热封而成，形成热封顶边或热封侧边；所述顶边或所述侧边也可通过粘合剂粘接而形成密封顶边或密封侧边。
进一步的，若软包电池具有热封底边，则所述密封框架还具有一个框架底边，且该软包电池的热封底边被设置在相邻的两个密封框架的框架底边之间，框架底边与软包电池的底边形成密封界面。
所述密封框架与所述软包电池热封边形成密封界面，所述软包电池具有热封顶边和热封侧边，相应地，所述密封框架具有相应结构和数量的框架顶边和框架侧边。当然，所述密封框架根据需要还可以具有框架底边。
进一步的，上述软包电池模组还包括有隔板，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个软包电池、多个密封框架以及多个隔板，所述隔板用于隔开该隔板两侧的软包电池并形成流道，冷却液在所形成的流道中流动并与所述软包电池本体直接接触换热。
优选地，所述密封框架包含有П型或□型结构，所述密封框架包含一个或两个框架 顶边，还包含两个或一个框架侧边。其中的П型(简称“几”字型)或□型(简称“口”字型)为大致的形状(或基本上的П型或□型)。其中，框架顶边与软包电池顶边贴合，用于密封软包电池顶边。框架侧边与软包电池侧边贴合，用于密封软包电池侧边。
框架顶边与软包电池的热封顶边形成密封界面，可使得与软包电池本体直接接触换热的冷却液密封以避免冷却液从该热封顶边向外溢出。
框架侧边与软包电池的热封侧边形成密封界面，可使得冷却液密封以避免冷却液从该热封侧边向外溢出，和/或可使得冷却液密封以避免冷却液与软包电池的切边接触。其中所述“避免冷却液与软包电池的切边接触”是指“避免冷却液与软包电池的切边直接接触”或者“避免冷却液透过其他物质之后与软包电池的切边接触”。所述“软包电池的切边”是指软包电池热封边或密封边上的切边。该切边的横截面上通常包含有非金属的树脂层或粘接层。
其中“使得冷却液密封”也可理解为“使得冷却液不能流过该密封界面”或者“使得冷却液不通过该密封界面向另一面渗透”。软包电池本体指的是软包电池上鼓起的包裹有正负极极芯的部分，其内部包裹的电芯在工作时会产生热量，需要冷却。本发明软包电池至少部分本体浸泡在冷却液中，与冷却液换热。
软包电池与冷却液直接接触是指包裹软包电池的外包装材料与冷却液之间直接接触。包裹软包电池的外包装材料包括直接包裹电芯的包装材料，也包括二次包裹(或间接包裹)的包装材料。当软包电池具有二次包裹(或间接包裹)的包装材料时，所述“软包电池本体与冷却液直接接触”是指软包电池本体上的用于二次包裹(或间接包裹)的包装材料与冷却液直接接触。所谓二次包裹(或间接包裹)的材料是指该材料包裹在已经具有外包装材料(一次包裹材料)的软包电池外部的包装材料。具有二次包裹的的软包电池，其与冷却液直接接触，是指该二次包裹材料与冷却液直接接触。所谓二次包裹仅是泛称，也包括二次以上包裹等多次包裹。本发明软包电池优选是由铝塑复合膜包裹。
软包电池的顶边的定义：是指软包电池上有极耳伸出的密封边。软包电池具有一个顶边或两个顶边。
根据软包电池正负极耳的布置形式，软包电池可分为两种型号：A型和B型。所谓A型软包电池是指正负极耳由同一热封边引出。所谓B型软包电池是指正负极耳由相对的两侧热封边引出。有极耳伸出的那个热封边定义为顶边，所以A型电芯只有1个顶边；B型电芯有两个顶边(第一顶边和第二顶边)。
软包电池可具有1个顶热封边(A型软包电池)，即其正负极耳均由该顶热封边向外 伸出；软包电池也可具有2个顶热封边(B型软包电池)，即其正负极耳分别由相反的两个热封边向外伸出。
对于A型软包电池而言，与顶边相反方向的那一边为底边，底边可以是热封边也可以是折边(折边不需要热封，也没有切边)。
对于B型软包电池而言，若该B型软包电池只有1个热封侧边，底边是指没有热封边和切边的那一边。若B型电池有2个热封侧边，则该B型电池则没有底边。
软包电池可以是3个热封边(或密封边)、和1个折边，该折边不需要热封而是对折即可；也可没有折边，即4个边均为热封边或密封边。
本发明所述切边(也可称切面)，指的是热封边上最外沿的横切面，通常其横切面最中间部分为聚丙烯层。
如上所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，框架侧边内侧与软包电池的热封侧边形成密封界面。
如上所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，相邻两框架侧边外侧之间形成密封界面。该密封界面可使得软包电池的切边密封于框架之中，从而避免切边与外侧的空气或冷却液直接接触。
如上所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，还具有如下a)～i)中一个或多个技术特征：
a)两相邻密封框架之间还设置有密封胶，密封胶将热封侧边的切边密封于框架侧边之中。
b)密封框架包含有密封框架骨架和弹性密封件，两相邻密封框架的密封框架骨架夹紧弹性密封件以及软包电池的热封侧边，以使得热封侧边的切边密封于框架侧边之中。这样，该切边被完全包容于该弹性密封件之中。这样可使得该弹性密封件两侧的冷却液均不会与该切边直接接触。
c)密封框架包含有密封框架骨架和弹性密封件，两相邻密封框架的密封框架骨架夹紧弹性密封件以及软包电池的热封侧边，以使得热封侧边的切边密封于框架侧边之外，从而使得与软包电池本体直接接触的冷却液与该切边物理隔离。这样，该切边与冷却液分别位于该框架侧边的两侧。
d)密封框架包括框架顶边和位于框架顶边两侧的框架侧边。
e)还包括框架底边，框架底边的两侧与两侧的框架侧边连接、或与两侧的框架顶边连接。
f)软包电池包含有底部热封边，即底封边，软包电池底封边的切边密封于相邻两个密封框架的框架底边之间。
g)所述密封方式为粘接剂密封、或者为密封框架上的密封垫密封。
h)密封框架包括第一框架顶边和第二框架顶边、以及一个或二个框架侧边，任一框架侧边由第一框架顶边一侧延伸至第二框架顶边。
i)相邻两密封框架之中，其中一个密封框架上具有凹型密封面，与之相对的另一个密封框架上具有凸型密封面，凹凸密封面形成配合进行密封。
如上述所述的软包电池模组，所述密封框架的侧边或底边上设置有空腔，或者相邻两密封框架的侧边或底边之间形成有空腔，所述空腔用于冷却液的流入或流出。更确切地说，位于隔板相邻两侧的所述密封框架的侧边或底边上设置有空腔，或者位于隔板相邻两侧的密封框架的侧边或底边之间形成有空腔，所述空腔用于冷却液的流入或流出。
另一种如上述所述的软包电池模组，所述密封框架不具有底边(比如所述密封框架为П型结构)，冷却液从相邻软包电池底部之间的隔板流入或流出。
如上述所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，所述模组还包括冷却液容器，软包电池与密封框架置于该容器中。
如上述所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，所述模组还包括底板，所述底板与密封框架底部(如П型密封框架的开口侧)形成密封，所述软包电池模组底部或所述底板具有冷却液的入口和出口。
如上所述的软包电池模组，进一步的，所述软包电池上的，除最外层的包裹材料与冷却液接触之外，其余部分(包括：软包电池的切边、软包装材料中间的树脂层或粘接剂层、用于粘接最外层的包裹材料的密封胶层或树脂层)都不与冷却液接触。其中，最外层的包裹材料也可以是包裹材料的最外层。
软包电池模组外部用绑带将各密封框架之间绑紧，或者用贯穿螺栓将各密封框架之间紧固；以使得夹持软包电池热封边的相邻两密封框架之间密封良好。
密封框架的框架顶边是指与软包电池顶边相贴合的密封框架上的边，密封框架的框架侧边是指与软包电池侧边相贴合的密封框架上的边。当然，密封框架可能还具有1个框架底边，其对应于软包电池的底边。
进一步的，单个上述密封框架的重量优选为1.5克至9995克。
进一步的，单个上述密封框架的厚度优选为0.3毫米至95毫米。
进一步的，本发明所述电池为软包电池或硬壳电池，上述软包电池优选为锂离子软包电池。
进一步的，本发明所述密封框架的材质优选为包含有塑料的密封框架。
上述方案中所述电池具有正极金属箔和负极金属箔，其正极金属箔的厚度优选为3.1微米～49微米。所述电池中的负极金属箔的厚度优选为3.3～47微米。
本发明还提供一种制造电池模组的方法，包括：
提供一个密封框架，该密封框架包含有密封边(所述密封边包括密封顶边和密封侧边)；
提供一个软包电池，将该软包电池的封边层叠到上述密封框架的密封边上；
提供另一个密封框架，将该另一个密封框架的密封边层叠到上述软包电池的封边上；
重复上述软包电池和密封框架的层叠过程，直至得到所需数量的软包电池的电池模组；
其中，在上述软包电池的封边和密封框架的密封边之间涂覆有密封胶，使得密封框架的密封边和软包电池的封边之间形成密封面。
本发明还提供一种制造电池模组的方法，包括：
提供若干密封框架和若干软包电池，其中，所述密封框架具有密封边，所述软包电池具有封边；
依次层叠所述密封框架和所述软包电池，使得所述密封框架的密封边与所述软包电池的封边形成密封。
上述方法中，形成密封的方法优选是在所述密封框架的密封边与所述软包电池的封边涂覆密封胶或设置密封垫。形成密封后用以密封冷却液，从而使得在软包电池本体表面流动的冷却液不与切边接触。
本发明所述模组可以是标准模组，也可以是整个电池包。优选地，整个电池包中仅由一个大模组组成。
本发明所述的冷却液可以是各种液体介质，优选为水，或为包含乙二醇与水的防冻液、或为润滑油。
发明中所述软包电池本体的厚度优选为2.7～43毫米。
优选地，本发明中所述电池模组还包含有温度传感器。该温度传感器用于测量模组中电池或冷却液的温度。
本发明软包电池模组也可称为软包电池模块。本发明中技术方案的记载范围还包括上述方案或技术特征的各种可行的组合。本发明在此不再一一赘述。
本发明中，后续方案引用前述方案时，包含引用可行的前述方案的子方案。如方案2引用方案1，包括引用方案1及其可行的子方案。
本发明还提供如下软包电池模组方案：如上述软包电池模组方案中任一种所述软包电池模组，其中所述软包电池为上述软包电池方案中任一种所述软包电池。具体的，包含下 述方案，仅作为示例如下：
一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有堆叠设置的多个软包电池和多个密封框架；所述密封框架包括框架顶边以及位于框架顶边一侧或两侧的框架侧边，软包电池的顶边被设置在两个密封框架的框架顶边之间，框架顶边与软包电池的顶边形成密封界面；软包电池的侧边被设置在两个密封框架的框架侧边之间，框架侧边与软包电池的侧边形成密封界面。在所述软包电池充放电时或在所述模组装配在整车上时，所述模组内还包含有冷却液；软包电池本体与冷却液直接接触换热(或者说包裹软包电池本体的最外层的包裹材料与冷却液直接接触换热)；其中，所述软包电池的电芯外部包裹有金属塑料复合膜(铝塑膜或钢塑膜)，所述金属塑料复合膜中包含有第一金属层(铝层或钢层)，所述软包电池具有热封顶边和热封侧边，所述热封侧边具有切边，所述切边中具有第一金属层；在所述软包电池的金属塑料复合膜外部还包裹有第二金属层(铝层或钢层)或者还包裹有金属箔胶带(如铝箔胶带、铜箔胶带或不锈钢箔胶带)，所述第二金属层与所述切边中的第一金属层之间电绝缘或进行电绝缘处理，使得所述第二金属层与所述第一金属层之间电绝缘。当软包电池本体浸泡在冷却液中时或当软包电池本体与冷却液换热时，所述第二金属层与冷却液直接接触。并且，所述密封框架与第二金属层形成密封界面，使得所述金属塑料复合膜与冷却液不接触。
一种软包电池模组，其包含有若干软包电芯和冷却液，所述软包电芯由铝塑膜包装，所述铝塑膜中包含有第一铝箔层，所述铝塑膜中还包含有层叠于第一铝箔层外侧的塑料层，在所述铝塑膜外部至少还包裹有第二防护层，该第二防护层包含有第二铝箔防护层；该软包电池模组被构造成具有如下功能的结构：
所述第二铝箔防护层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触，所述铝塑膜中的所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间的电绝缘强度大于2000伏特；或/和，所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间的电气间隙大于2毫米；并且，
该电池模组还具有如下密封结构，其密封界面被设置在所述软包电芯本体的至少部分与软包电芯封边上的切边之间，以使得所述软包电芯本体上的包装材料的最外层的至少部分与冷却液直接接触，而所述软包电芯封边上的切边不接触冷却液。
以上，所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间至少夹有一层绝缘层，且优选地所述第一铝箔层的边缘与所述第二铝箔防护层的边缘之间的距离相距2毫米以上；或优选地，所述第一铝箔层的边缘由绝缘材质密封包裹起来，使得所述第一铝箔层与所述第二铝箔防护层之间的电气间隙无穷大。
以上，所述第二防护层内测设置有粘接剂层，以使得所述第二防护层与所述软包电 芯粘接和贴附良好。该粘接剂优选为压敏胶。
进一步的，在所述铝塑膜与所述第二铝箔防护层之间还设置有第二塑料绝缘层，该第二塑料绝缘层在所述铝塑膜包裹极芯形成软包电芯之后再二次包裹软包电芯。
进一步的，该软包电池模组还包括若干密封支架，所述密封支架包括密封顶边和密封侧边，所述密封顶边与两侧的所述软包电芯的顶封边之间形成密封面，所述密封侧边与两侧的所述软包电芯的侧封边之间形成密封面，以使得冷却液与所述软包电芯的本体上的最外层包装材料接触而与软包电芯封边上的切边不接触。
本发明第二防护层优选是在铝塑膜包裹极芯形成软包电芯之后再二次包裹该软包电芯的。本发明所述的二次包裹，指的是该包裹层与前一包装层是分别进行包裹的，而不是一起进行包裹的。
其中，在包裹软包电芯之前，所述铝塑膜与所述第二塑料绝缘层是分离的。
作用：该第二铝箔防护层可以起到水分阻隔、导热、均热、以及电磁屏蔽的作用，还可以降低多层复合带来的成本增加的问题，以及分散电芯的膨胀力。第二铝箔防护层采用二次包裹的方式还有助于解决电气间隙和绝缘强度不足的问题。
本发明还提供一种电池模组的制作方法方案：，其包括如下步骤：
提供若干已经用铝塑膜包装好的软包电芯，该铝塑膜中包含有第一铝箔层；
提供第二防护层，该第二防护层中包含有第二铝箔层，在该软包电芯外部再包裹第二防护层，并使得第二铝箔层与所述铝塑膜中的第一铝箔层之间的电气间隙大于2毫米；以及
在该电池模组内设置密封结构，以使得所述软包电芯本体上的最外层包装材料的至少部分与冷却液接触，而软包电芯封边上的切边与冷却液不接触。
本发明还提供一种矩形铝硬壳电池模组方案，其包含有多个矩形铝硬壳电池和可导电的冷却液，在该矩形铝硬壳外部包裹有塑料绝缘层，在该塑料绝缘层外部还包裹有铝箔防护层，该矩形铝硬壳与该铝箔防护层之间的电气间隙大于2毫米；并且，
该电池模组内还包含有用于密封冷却液的密封结构，该密封结构的密封面设置在所述矩形铝硬壳电池外的所述铝箔防护层的至少部分与所述铝箔防护层的边缘之间，以使得冷却液与所述铝箔防护层的至少部分直接接触而不与该塑料绝缘层接触。该密封面优选地在所述铝箔防护层上沿所述边缘设置。该密封面优选地采用涂敷密封胶的方式进行设置。
进一步的，所述矩形铝硬壳电池的长度为600mm至2500mm，其长度/厚度的比值介于23与208之间。
本发明还提供一种车辆，所述车辆具有上述任一种软包电池模组。
进一步的，所述车辆中的软包电池模组的电池容量在1.6千瓦时至980千瓦时范围内。进一步的，所述车辆还包含有至少2个安全气囊。
附图说明
图1所示为A型软包电池示意图，具有本体13和1个顶热封边11和2个侧热封边12，热封侧边12上具有切边120。
图2软包电池热封边的最外部边沿上的横切面(即切边)120示意图，其依次层叠为保护层(如尼龙)123、铝层121、热封层(如PP)122、铝层121、保护层123，其中PP层容易让水气透过而进入电芯内部。
图3□型结构密封框架，包括1个框架顶边21和2个框架侧边22以及1个框架底边23。
图4П型结构密封框架，包括1个框架顶边21和2个框架侧边22。
图5软包电池模组，其包括软包电池1、密封框架2以及冷却液容器3。
图6软包电池模组内芯，其包括有14个软包电池和21个密封框架以及8个隔板。
图7软包电池1组装于密封框架2之中，极耳14从框架顶边伸出，其中软包电池热封边的切边置于密封框架侧边22的中间，密封框架侧边的内外两侧都浸泡于冷却水中，但是软包电池的切边与冷却水物理隔绝。
图8A为B型软包电池，其包括第一极耳141和第二极耳142，第一极耳141和第二极耳142分别位于软包电池本体131相对的两边，图8B为用于该软包电池的一种密封框架结构示意图。
图9另一种软包电池模组，其包括软包电池1B和密封框架2B。
图10为本发明的一种软包电池子模块的示意图；其中，图10左图为两个软包电池1B并夹有一片弹性泡棉15，左图未示出防腐层；右图为软包电池子模块的厚度方向上的截面图，其有两个软包电池1B、一片弹性泡棉15、及包裹于软包电池1B外侧的防腐层16。
图11A、11B为第一金属层与第二金属层之间距离的几种测量方式示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例中，软包电池与冷却液直接接触换热；电池顶部设有极耳14，该软包电池包含有至少一个电，电芯由软包装材料包裹，所述软包装材料包含有第一树脂层(聚丙烯树脂层)、第一金属层(铝合金层)和第二树脂层(尼龙层和/或PET层)。
例如，如图1所示，所述电芯1可以是扁平的矩形结构，包括本体13，本体13周边 具有密封顶边11和密封侧边12，所述软包装材料在顶边和/或侧边具有切边120，所述第一金属层在切边120处暴露出来。
所述软包装材料包括包覆于电芯上下的两层，两层的软包装材料的切边之间密封，在侧部形成密封侧边12，在顶部形成密封顶边11。极耳14从密封顶边穿出。
如图2所示，传统的软包电池的密封边和切边处上下方层叠的软包装材料，由上至下依次为保护层(第一树脂层，如尼龙)123、铝层121、热封层122、铝层121、保护层123，第二树脂层加热后热封在一起。软包电池往往采用PP层作为热封层，PP层容易让水气透过而进入电芯内部，本申请建议采用尼龙层和/或PET层作为第二树脂层，层叠的软包装材料的第二树脂层可以加热熔融后连接在一起形成密封层，或者在第二树脂层之间加入密封胶作为密封层，将层叠的软包装材料在切口处密封连接。
所述软包装材料的切边进行绝缘处理，以将外露的第一金属层包裹。所述绝缘处理方式采用绝缘膜密封包裹；或者是将软包电池热封边折边以防止外露的第一金属层包裹。
而且，本实施例中，在第二树脂层外侧还可以包裹有第二金属层(如，铝合金层)，但是第二金属层在本实施例中不是必须的。所述第二金属层与第二树脂层之间采用粘接性树脂粘接，该粘接性树脂提前涂覆在所述第二金属层上，或提前涂覆在所述第二塑料层上。当存在第二金属层的时候，参照图11A(情形1)，第二金属层124边缘与切边边缘并不平齐，第二金属层124的顶端与第一金属层121之间，第一树脂层形成两个尖角，第二金属层124的顶端与第一尖角距离为d1、第一尖角到第二夹角的距离为d3，第二尖角到第一金属层距离(也可以视为切边处第一树脂层厚度)为d2，d1+d2+d3≥2mm。或者，如图11B(情形2)所示，第二金属层124的顶端与第一金属层121之间只有一个尖角，第二金属层124的顶端与该尖角的距离为d1+尖角到第一金属层距离(也可以视为切边处第一树脂层厚度)d2≥2mm。或者参照图11C(情形3)，下层的第一包装层在上层的第一包装层切边处上翻，包覆第一包装层切边，下层的第一包装层切边朝向第二金属层124，下层第一包装层中的第一金属层121切边处距离第二金属层124的距离≥2mm。
如图5所示为一种软包电池模组，软包电池采用铝塑膜包装，所述模组包含有14个软包电池1(A型软包电池)以及密封框架2，密封框架将软包电池固定后，置于固定架3上进行位置固定，软包电池1的本体13浸泡在冷却液中与冷却液直接接触换热；参照图3、图4、图7，所述密封框架2包括顶边21以及位于顶边两侧的侧边22，框架顶边21与电池1的密封顶边11形成密封界面，将冷却液密封以避免冷却液外溢；密封框架2的侧边22的内侧与电池1的密封侧边12形成密封界面，并且相邻两框架侧边外侧形成密封界面，将冷 却液密封隔离以避免冷却液与软包电池的切边接触。所述冷却液为包含乙二醇与水的防冻液。参照图6，软包电池之间及模组外侧还设置有8个翅片4，该翅片用于分隔软包电池并在软包电池之间形成冷却液流道。每两个翅片2之间都有2个软包电池，从而保障每个软包电池至少有一个面与冷却液直接接触换热。
软包电池热封边的切边(横截面)上包含有高分子聚丙烯PP层122，该PP层122的长期水气阻隔性不是非常好，若将该PP层置于冷却水中与冷却水直接接触，冷却水中的水将通过PP层微量渗入电芯内部与电解液反应生成氢氟酸，所以需要避免冷却水与电池切边直接接触，从而延长电池寿命。
本实施中两相邻密封框架之间还有密封胶，密封胶将软包电池的切边密封于其中。或者，密封框架由密封框架骨架(如塑料件或金属件)和弹性密封件(如橡胶件)集成在一起组成，两相邻密封框架的密封框架骨架夹紧弹性密封件以及软包电池的侧面上的热封边，以使得软包电池的切边密封与弹性密封件之中。
例如，密封框架2包括两个部分，两个部分将软包电池夹在中间，其中，两个部分的侧边将软包电池的侧热封边夹住，软包电池侧边的切边靠近软包电池本体的一侧涂覆密封胶，密封胶将两个部分的侧边与软包电池的侧热封边粘结密封，形成密封面。或者，软包电池侧边的切边靠近软包电池本体的一侧设有弹性体，弹性体可以是设置在其中一个或两个部分的侧边，也可以是设置在铝塑膜上，或者铝塑膜第一树脂层本身具有弹性或者用弹性体替代。弹性体被夹在两个部分的侧边与侧热封边之间，通过弹力形成密封面。
图3显示了密封框架为□型结构，包括框架顶边21、底边23以及左右侧边22。若软包电池包含有底部热封边，即热封底边，软包电池热封底边的切边密封于相邻两个密封框架的底边23之间。
参照图3、图4，所述密封框架的侧边上设置有空腔221，或者相邻密封框架的侧边之间形成有空腔221，所述空腔用于冷却液的流入或流出，以使得冷却液流经一侧空腔后与软包电池本体接触换热，然后再经过另一侧空腔流出。(附图中的24、222是指的部件名称或功能，请提供)
所述模组还包括冷却液容器，软包电池与密封框架组成的子模组置于该容器中，该容器上有冷却水的入口和出口(图中未示出)。
本实施例中，所述密封面采用密封方式B：采用EPDM橡胶密封条贴靠在电芯所有热封边靠近本体13的位置，密封框架的侧边、顶边、底边均通过EPDM橡胶密封条与热封边之间进行密封形成密封面，不含有热封边的一侧，密封框架可以不设侧边，从而将冷却液 通过没有热封边的一侧进入到密封框架限定的区域内，密封边的切边被密封面隔离在冷却液外部。成本中等，约8元；可靠性差，交接面处难密封(2.5bar保压，泄漏量为20Pa@60s)，泄漏的概率较高(10个样品有2个有不同程度的泄漏)；工艺便利性中等(装配时间约22分钟)；水汽渗透性0.006g/24h，水汽渗透量小。
本实施例中，所述密封面采用密封方式C：采用密封胶涂覆在电芯所有热封边靠近本体13的位置，密封框架的侧边、顶边、底边均通过密封胶与热封边之间进行密封形成密封面，不含有热封边的一侧，密封框架可以不设侧边，从而将冷却液通过没有热封边的一侧进入到密封框架限定的区域内，密封边的切边被密封面隔离在冷却液外部。成本较低，约3.1元；可靠性好，完全密封(2.5bar保压，最大的泄漏量仅为5Pa@60s)(10个样品均密封良好)；工艺便利性好(装配时间约10分钟)，便于自动化(时间可进一步缩短)；水汽渗透性<0.001g/24h，几乎不会有水汽渗透。
对比例1，不使用实施例1中的密封框架，采用密封方式A：软包电池仅顶边密封，这种情况下，侧边暴露在水中。成本较高，约12元；可靠性差，边角处易微漏(2.5bar保压，泄漏量达120Pa@60s)，且泄漏概率很高(10个样品有均有不同程度的泄漏)；工艺便利性差(装配时间约1个小时)；水汽渗透性0.018g/24h，水汽渗透量大，侧边渗水，水汽渗透量大。
可以发现，上述密封方式中，当将电芯所有热封边密封后其水汽渗透性大幅减小，且采用密封胶的方式既成本低又密封性佳。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1大致相同，所不同的是软包电池为B型软包电池，其正负极耳分别由相反的两边出来，如图8A所示，正极耳141和负极耳142分别位于软包电池本体131相对的两端。B型软包电池具有两个顶边，即第一顶边111和第二顶边112。相应地，其密封框架包括第一框架顶边和第二框架顶边、以及一个或二个框架侧边，任一框架侧边由第一框架顶边一侧延伸至第二框架顶边的同一侧。图8B给出了用于B型软包电池的П型结构密封框架，包括1个框架顶边22和2个框架侧边21，两个侧边21置于第一顶边111和第二顶边112处，通过实施例1的方式密封，顶边22置于软包电池侧边12B处，通过实施例1的方式密封，第一顶边111、第二顶边112、软包电池侧边12B被密封面隔离在密封框架2包围的区域，冷却液通过密封框架2下方的开口进入，接触本体13进行冷却，但是切边处不会接触冷却液。
如图9所示为另一种软包电池模组，所述模组包含有3个B型软包电池1B以及密封 框架2B，软包电池1B的本体13浸泡在冷却液中与冷却液换热；所述密封框架2B包括两个顶边以及位于顶边两侧的侧边，框架顶边与软包电池1B的两个顶边111、112形成密封界面，将冷却液密封以避免冷却液外溢；密封框架的侧边与软包电池1B的侧边12B形成密封界面，将冷却液密封隔离以避免冷却液外溢或避免冷却水与电池切边直接接触。软包电池之间还设置有翅片，该翅片用于分隔软包电池并在软包电池之间形成冷却液流道。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1大致相同，所不同的是，本实施例中的软包电池模组的软包电池为如下结构：所述软包电池的电芯由铝塑膜包裹，所述铝塑膜中包含有铝层(8021铝合金)，所述软包电池具有热封顶边和热封侧边，所述热封侧边具有切边，所述切边中具有铝层；在所述软包电池的铝塑膜外部还包裹有第二铝层(或称外侧铝层)，所述切边中的铝层与所述第二铝层之间电绝缘并进行防爬电处理。所述第二铝层与冷却液直接接触。
其中铝塑膜为由聚酰胺树脂层、8021铝合金层和聚丙烯树脂层复合形成的三层结构的铝塑膜。
为了使得该铝塑膜切边中的铝层与第二铝层之间电绝缘强度(或耐电压强度)大于1800伏特，软包电池的热封侧边上的切边由PI绝缘膜进行密封以避免切边中的8021铝层与第二铝层电连通或爬电，或者通过热封侧边折边以避免8021铝合金与第二铝层电连通或爬电。第二铝层延伸于软包电池侧边外侧，软包电池侧边外侧的两层第二铝层相互粘接形成密封。其中包裹软包电池的第二铝层内侧预先背胶，以便使得第二铝层与铝塑膜良好的贴合。
上述的聚酰胺树脂层也可以是PA与PET组成的多层结构。聚丙烯树脂层也可以是其他具有热封功能的多层结构。
实施例4
图10为本发明的另一种软包电池子模块的示意图；其中，图10左图为两个软包电池1B并夹有一片弹性泡棉15，左图未示出防腐层；图10右图为软包电池子模块的厚度方向上的截面图，其有两个软包电池1B、一片弹性泡棉15、及包裹于软包电池1B外侧的防腐层16。
以上的实施例描述本质上仅是示例性的，并无意图限定本发明的范围、应用或用途。

Claims (5)

  1. 动力电池模组，包含有电池组、换热介质及模组外壳；所述电池组包括若干单体电池及动力连接片，所述动力连接片电连接相邻单体电池；所述外壳包裹在电池组及采样模块外部，所述采样模块包括柔性线路板和保护装置，所述柔性线路板上电连接有若干温度传感器和电流传感器；所述温度传感器与动力连接片连接，电流传感器与动力连接片电连接；所述保护装置包括外绝缘层和内绝缘层，外绝缘层覆盖在柔性线路板外表面上，所述内绝缘层夹设在动力连接片与单体电池之间。
  2. 动力电池模组，其特征在于由下列结构组成：外壳；多个锂电池单体，并排于外壳内，所述锂电池单体的顶端设有正极及负极；第一导电极板，包括第一定位部及第一接触部，所述第一定位部上设有多个间隔排列的第一定位槽，所述正极分别穿过所述第一定位槽并与其电连接；以及第二导电极板，包括第二定位部及第二接触部，所述第二定位部上设有多个间隔排列的第二定位槽，所述负极分别穿过所述第二定位槽并与其电连接。
  3. 如权利要求1所述电池模组，其特征在于：所述动力连接片包括第一连接端、第二连接端及固定端，所述第一连接端与第二连接端分别电连接在两相邻单体电池正极端子和负极端子上，所述温度传感器和电流传感器连接在固定端上。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的冷却系统，其中，所述至少一个冷却翅片与所述多个蓄电池电池单元中的所述至少两个配合地对齐，以在它们之间限定冷却剂流路。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的冷却系统，其中，所述冷却系统被构造为串联冷却系统。
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