WO2021185219A1 - 一种用于太空领域的3d采集和尺寸测量方法 - Google Patents

一种用于太空领域的3d采集和尺寸测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2021185219A1
WO2021185219A1 PCT/CN2021/080880 CN2021080880W WO2021185219A1 WO 2021185219 A1 WO2021185219 A1 WO 2021185219A1 CN 2021080880 W CN2021080880 W CN 2021080880W WO 2021185219 A1 WO2021185219 A1 WO 2021185219A1
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image
acquisition device
coefficient
target
image acquisition
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French (fr)
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左忠斌
左达宇
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左忠斌
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/002Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/70Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/80Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
    • G06T7/85Stereo camera calibration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10028Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of shape measurement, in particular to the technical field of 3D shape measurement.
  • the present invention is proposed to provide a calibration method and equipment that overcomes the above-mentioned problems or at least partially solves the above-mentioned problems.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a collection device and method in 3D modeling
  • the calibration device obtains the position and posture information of the collecting device when collecting each image
  • the processor synthesizes the three-dimensional model of the target object according to the above multiple images, and obtains the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the image points of the same name according to the position and posture information of the acquisition device, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional model point cloud with accurate three-dimensional coordinates;
  • the calibration device obtains position and attitude information according to the comparison between the collected star map and the navigation star map.
  • the position information includes XYZ coordinates
  • the posture information includes deflection angle, inclination angle, and rotation angle.
  • the processor also calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of the image point with the same name according to the following parameters of the acquisition device: image principal point coordinates (x 0 , y 0 ), focal length f, radial distortion coefficient k 1 , radial The distortion coefficient k 2 , the tangential distortion coefficient p 1 , the tangential distortion coefficient p 2 , the non-square scale coefficient ⁇ of the image sensor element, and/or the distortion coefficient ⁇ of the non-orthogonality of the image sensor element.
  • the position when the image acquisition device rotates to acquire a group of images meets the following conditions:
  • the acquisition device is a 3D image acquisition device
  • two adjacent acquisition positions of the 3D image acquisition device meet the following conditions:
  • ⁇ 0.597, ⁇ 0.403, ⁇ 0.343, or ⁇ 0.296 In alternative embodiments, ⁇ 0.597, ⁇ 0.403, ⁇ 0.343, or ⁇ 0.296.
  • obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the image point of the same name is achieved by performing spatial forward intersection calculation on the matched image point of the same name.
  • the absolute size of the target is obtained.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention also provides a calibration device and method, which is applied to the above-mentioned device or method.
  • the absolute size of the target object is calibrated by the method of acquiring the camera position and posture, and the method of image point calculation with the same name is adopted. There is no need to place the target object in advance or project the calibration point.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a calibration device applied to a 3D intelligent vision device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a 3D intelligent vision device in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration device in an embodiment of the present invention applied to a 3D image acquisition device;
  • 4 is another schematic diagram of the calibration device in the embodiment of the present invention applied to 3D image acquisition equipment
  • Xs, Ys, Zs are the XYZ axis coordinates of the image acquisition center in the calibration space coordinate system; Is the angle between the projection of the z axis on the XZ coordinate plane and the Z axis; ⁇ is the angle between the z axis and the XZ coordinate plane; ⁇ is the angle between the projection of the Y axis on the xy coordinate plane and the y axis.
  • the pose sensor is used to record 6 pose parameters at each acquisition moment. That is, 6 pose parameters (external parameters) of each image are recorded.
  • the SURF feature matching method mainly includes three processes, feature point detection, feature point description and feature point matching. This method uses Hessian matrix to detect feature points, uses Box Filters to replace second-order Gaussian filtering, and uses integral images to accelerate convolution to increase the calculation speed and reduce the dimensionality of local image feature descriptors. To speed up the matching speed.
  • the matching image points with the same name can be solved by spatial front intersection, and the three-dimensional coordinates corresponding to the image points with the same name can be obtained, that is, a point cloud with accurate three-dimensional coordinates can be obtained. , The three-dimensional size of the target is obtained.
  • the calculation process of the space front intersection of the image points with the same name is as follows: the image points of the two images with the same name are (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ), and the outer orientation element of the image is The focal length of the sensor is f.
  • Traditional photogrammetry generally uses the following point projection coefficient method to perform spatial front intersection to obtain the object space coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the point:
  • the object space point is imaged on multiple images.
  • the point projection coefficient method based on the intersection of two image points is not applicable.
  • the basic idea of multi-ray forward intersection is: on the basis of the collinear condition equation, the coordinates of the object point are regarded as unknown parameters, and the coordinates of the image point are regarded as the observation value, and the ground coordinates are solved by the adjustment method.
  • X is calculated by the least square method.
  • the internal parameters of the camera mainly include image principal point x 0 , image principal point y 0 , focal length (f), radial distortion coefficient k 1 , radial distortion coefficient k 2 , and tangential distortion Difference coefficient p 1 , tangential distortion coefficient p 2 , CCD non-square scale coefficient ⁇ , CCD non-orthogonal distortion coefficient ⁇ . These parameters can be obtained in the camera inspection field.
  • the calibration device of the present invention adopts a stellar pose measurement system.
  • the basic principle is to detect the position information of natural celestial bodies through photoelectric and radio methods. Compare the captured star map with the navigator reference library, and then use the recognition technology to get the coordinates of the stellar body in the star map in the celestial coordinate system:
  • the coordinates of the stellar body under the celestial system are projected to the image space system as:
  • the coordinates ( ⁇ , ⁇ ) of the sensitive optical axis of the star sensor in the celestial coordinate system are:
  • f represents the camera principal distance of the star sensor
  • ⁇ , ⁇ represent the right ascension and latitude of the celestial sphere
  • l represents the distance from the accelerometer to the origin
  • a, b, and c represent the carrier coordinate system.
  • the current device position and attitude information can be obtained in real time according to the star's attitude measurement system. Therefore, when the calibration device is applied to the acquisition equipment, the position and posture information of the acquisition equipment can be obtained in real time when collecting any image.
  • the calibration device 3 When the calibration device 3 is applied to the above-mentioned 3D intelligent vision equipment, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. It can be located on or in the cylindrical housing, and the relative position of the calibration device and the image acquisition device of the intelligent vision equipment is fixed, and Calibrate well in advance.
  • the calibration device 3 When the calibration device 3 is applied to a normal 3D image acquisition device, please refer to FIG. 3.
  • the calibration device is located around the camera, for example, it can be located on the camera housing, or installed on the camera housing through a fixing plate.
  • the relative position of the calibration device and the image acquisition device of the intelligent vision device is fixed, and the calibration is done in advance.
  • the rotating device is housed in a cylindrical casing and can rotate freely in the cylindrical casing.
  • the image acquisition device 1 is used to acquire a set of images of the target through the relative movement of the acquisition area of the image acquisition device 1 and the target; the acquisition area moving device is used to drive the acquisition area of the image acquisition device to move relative to the target.
  • the acquisition area is the effective field of view range of the image acquisition device.
  • the image acquisition device 1 may be a camera, and the rotating device 2 may be a turntable.
  • the camera is set on the turntable, and the optical axis of the camera is at a certain angle with the turntable surface, and the turntable surface is approximately parallel to the object to be collected.
  • the turntable drives the camera to rotate, so that the camera collects images of the target at different positions.
  • the camera is installed on the turntable through an angle adjustment device, which can be rotated to adjust the angle between the optical axis of the image acquisition device 1 and the turntable surface, and the adjustment range is -90° ⁇ 90°.
  • the optical axis of the image acquisition device 1 can be offset in the direction of the central axis of the turntable, that is, the ⁇ can be adjusted in the direction of -90°.
  • the optical axis of the image acquisition device 1 can be offset from the central axis of the turntable, that is, the ⁇ can be adjusted in the direction of 90°.
  • the above adjustment can be done manually, or the 3D intelligent vision device can be provided with a distance measuring device to measure the distance from the target, and automatically adjust the ⁇ angle according to the distance.
  • the turntable can be connected with a motor through a transmission device, and rotate under the drive of the motor, and drive the image acquisition device 1 to rotate.
  • the transmission device can be a conventional mechanical structure such as a gear system or a transmission belt.
  • multiple image collection devices 1 can be provided on the turntable.
  • a plurality of image acquisition devices 1 are sequentially distributed along the circumference of the turntable.
  • an image acquisition device 1 can be provided at both ends of any diameter of the turntable. It is also possible to arrange one image acquisition device 1 every 60° circumferential angle, and 6 image acquisition devices 1 are evenly arranged on the entire disk.
  • the above-mentioned multiple image acquisition devices may be the same type of cameras or different types of cameras. For example, a visible light camera and an infrared camera are set on the turntable, so that images of different bands can be collected.
  • the image acquisition device 1 is used to acquire an image of a target object, and it can be a fixed focus camera or a zoom camera. In particular, it can be a visible light camera or an infrared camera. Of course, it is understandable that any device with image acquisition function can be used and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. For example, it can be CCD, CMOS, camera, video camera, industrial camera, monitor, camera, and all devices with image acquisition function. equipment.
  • the rotating device 2 can also be in various forms such as a rotating arm, a rotating beam, and a rotating bracket, as long as it can drive the image acquisition device to rotate. No matter which method is used, the optical axis of the image acquisition device 1 and the rotating surface have a certain included angle ⁇ .
  • the optical axis direction of the image acquisition device does not change relative to the target object at different acquisition positions, and is usually roughly perpendicular to the surface of the target object.
  • the position of two adjacent image acquisition devices 1 or the image acquisition device 1 Two adjacent collection locations meet the following conditions:
  • d takes the length of the rectangle; when the above two positions are along the width direction of the photosensitive element of the image capture device 1, d is the width of the rectangle.
  • the distance from the photosensitive element to the surface of the target along the optical axis is taken as M.
  • L should be the linear distance between the optical centers of the two image capture devices 1, but because the position of the optical centers of the image capture devices 1 is not easy to determine in some cases, image capture devices can also be used in some cases
  • the center of the photosensitive element of 1, the geometric center of the image capture device 1, the axis center of the image capture device and the pan/tilt (or platform, bracket), and the center of the proximal or distal surface of the lens are replaced.
  • the error is within an acceptable range, so the above range is also within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the adjacent acquisition positions in the present invention refer to two adjacent positions on the moving track where the acquisition action occurs when the image acquisition device moves relative to the target. This is usually easy to understand for the movement of the image capture device. However, when the target object moves and causes the two to move relatively, at this time, the movement of the target object should be converted into the target object's immobility according to the relativity of the movement, and the image acquisition device moves. At this time, measure the two adjacent positions of the image acquisition device where the acquisition action occurs in the transformed movement track.
  • the target is located in a certain position, and the collection equipment is located on the mobile device.
  • the above-mentioned mobile devices may be equipment used in outer space such as satellites, missiles, lunar rover, and space stations.
  • the mobile device drives the collection equipment to rotate around the target.
  • this kind of rotation is not necessarily a complete circular motion, and it can only be rotated by a certain angle according to the collection needs.
  • this rotation does not necessarily have to be a circular motion, and the motion trajectory of the image acquisition device 1 may be other curved trajectories, as long as it is ensured that the camera shoots the object from different angles.
  • the image acquisition device is used to acquire an image of a target object, and it can be a fixed focus camera or a zoom camera. In particular, it can be a visible light camera or an infrared camera. Of course, it is understandable that any device with image acquisition function can be used, and does not constitute a limitation of the present invention. For example, it can be CCD, CMOS, camera, video camera, industrial camera, monitor, camera, and with image acquisition function. All equipment.
  • the device also includes a processor, also called a processing unit, for synthesizing a 3D model of the target object according to a 3D synthesis algorithm according to the multiple images collected by the image acquisition device to obtain 3D information of the target object.
  • a processor also called a processing unit
  • the movement of the collection area is irregular, for example, when the vehicle or airborne, when the travel route is an irregular route, it is difficult to move on a strict trajectory at this time, and it is difficult to accurately predict the movement trajectory of the image acquisition device. Therefore, in this case, how to ensure that the captured images can be accurately and stably synthesized 3D models is a big problem, and no one has mentioned it yet.
  • a more common method is to take more photos and use the redundancy of the number of photos to solve the problem. But the result of this synthesis is not stable.
  • the present invention proposes a method for improving the synthesis effect and shortening the synthesis time by limiting the movement distance of the camera for two shots.
  • a sensor can be installed in the mobile device or the image acquisition device, and the linear distance that the image acquisition device moves during two shots can be measured by the sensor.
  • L specifically, the following conditions
  • an alarm is issued to the mobile device.
  • the optical axis direction of the image acquisition device changes relative to the target at different acquisition positions.
  • two adjacent image acquisition devices The position of the image acquisition device, or two adjacent acquisition positions of the image acquisition device meet the following conditions:
  • d takes the length of the rectangle; when the above two positions are along the width direction of the photosensitive element of the image capture device, d is the width of the rectangle.
  • the distance from the photosensitive element to the surface of the target along the optical axis is taken as T.
  • L is A n, A n + 1 two linear distance optical center of the image pickup apparatus, and A n, A n + 1 of two adjacent image pickup devices A
  • it is not limited to 4 adjacent positions, and more positions can be used for average calculation.
  • L should be the linear distance between the optical centers of the two image capture devices.
  • the photosensitive of the image capture devices can also be used in some cases.
  • the center of the component, the geometric center of the image capture device, the center of the axis connecting the image capture device and the pan/tilt (or platform, bracket), the center of the proximal or distal lens surface instead of Within the acceptable range, therefore, the above-mentioned range is also within the protection scope of the present invention.
  • parameters such as object size and field of view are used as a method for estimating the position of the camera, and the positional relationship between the two cameras is also expressed by angle. Since the angle is not easy to measure in actual use, it is more inconvenient in actual use. And, the size of the object will change with the change of the measuring object. Based on a large amount of experimental data, this solution gives the empirical conditions that the camera position needs to meet, which not only avoids measuring angles that are difficult to accurately measure, but also does not need to directly measure the size of the object. In the empirical conditions, d and f are the fixed parameters of the camera. When purchasing the camera and lens, the manufacturer will give the corresponding parameters without measurement.
  • T is only a straight line distance, which can be easily measured by traditional measuring methods, such as rulers and laser rangefinders. Therefore, the empirical formula of the present invention makes the preparation process convenient and quick, and at the same time improves the accuracy of the arrangement of the camera positions, so that the camera can be set in an optimized position, thereby taking into account the 3D synthesis accuracy and speed at the same time.
  • the method of the present invention can directly replace the lens to calculate the conventional parameter f to obtain the camera position; similarly, when collecting different objects, due to the different size of the object, the measurement of the object size is also More cumbersome.
  • the method of the present invention there is no need to measure the size of the object, and the camera position can be determined more conveniently.
  • the camera position determined by the present invention can take into account the synthesis time and the synthesis effect. Therefore, the above empirical condition is one of the invention points of the present invention.
  • the rotation movement of the present invention is that during the acquisition process, the previous position acquisition plane and the next position acquisition plane cross instead of being parallel, or the optical axis of the image acquisition device at the previous position crosses the optical axis of the image acquisition position at the next position. Instead of parallel. That is to say, the movement of the acquisition area of the image acquisition device around or partly around the target object can be regarded as the relative rotation of the two.
  • the examples of the present invention enumerate more rotational motions with tracks, it can be understood that as long as non-parallel motion occurs between the acquisition area of the image acquisition device and the target, it is in the category of rotation, and the present invention can be used. Qualification.
  • the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the orbital rotation in the embodiment.
  • the adjacent acquisition positions in the present invention refer to two adjacent positions on the moving track where the acquisition action occurs when the image acquisition device moves relative to the target. This is usually easy to understand for the movement of the image capture device. However, when the target object moves and causes the two to move relatively, at this time, the movement of the target object should be converted into the target object's immobility according to the relativity of the movement, and the image acquisition device moves. At this time, measure the two adjacent positions of the image acquisition device where the acquisition action occurs in the transformed movement trajectory.
  • the above-mentioned 3D acquisition equipment can be installed in the satellite, so that it can acquire 3D models of other satellites, meteorites, and even ballistic missiles flying outside the atmosphere.
  • this 3D model has absolute dimensions. Therefore, it is possible to accurately identify what kind of target the collected and tracked target is. It is more accurate than traditional two-dimensional photography.
  • the above-mentioned 3D acquisition equipment can be installed on the lunar rover, so that the surrounding environment of the lunar rover can be accurately identified, and route planning and obstacle avoidance can be carried out more accurately.
  • the image capture device captures images, it should not be construed as being only applicable to a group of pictures composed of a single picture, and this is only an illustrative method for ease of understanding.
  • the image acquisition device can also collect video data, directly use the video data or intercept images from the video data for 3D synthesis. However, the shooting position of the corresponding frame of the video data or the captured image used in the synthesis still satisfies the above empirical formula.
  • the above-mentioned star pose measurement system may be a star-sensitive sensor.
  • the above-mentioned target object, target object, and object all represent objects for which three-dimensional information is pre-acquired. It can be a physical object, or it can be a combination of multiple objects.
  • the three-dimensional information of the target includes a three-dimensional image, a three-dimensional point cloud, a three-dimensional grid, a local three-dimensional feature, a three-dimensional size, and all parameters with a three-dimensional feature of the target.
  • the so-called three-dimensional in the present invention refers to three-dimensional information of XYZ, especially depth information, which is essentially different from only two-dimensional plane information. It is also essentially different from the definitions called three-dimensional, panoramic, holographic, and three-dimensional, but actually only include two-dimensional information, especially depth information.
  • modules or units or components in the embodiments can be combined into one module or unit or component, and in addition, they can be divided into multiple sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. Except that at least some of such features and/or processes or units are mutually exclusive, any combination can be used to compare all the features disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) and any method or methods disclosed in this manner or All the processes or units of the equipment are combined. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature providing the same, equivalent or similar purpose.
  • the various component embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by hardware, or by software modules running on one or more processors, or by a combination of them.
  • a microprocessor or a digital signal processor (DSP) may be used in practice to implement some or all of the functions based on some or all of the components in the device of the present invention according to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the present invention can also be implemented as a device or device program (for example, a computer program and a computer program product) for executing part or all of the methods described herein.
  • Such a program for realizing the present invention may be stored on a computer-readable medium, or may have the form of one or more signals.
  • Such a signal can be downloaded from an Internet website, or provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种3D建模中的采集方法,(1)利用采集设备采集目标物多个图像;(2)标定装置获取采集设备在采集每个图像时采集设备的位置和姿态信息;(3)处理器根据上述多个图像合成目标物三维模型,同时根据采集设备位置和姿态信息得到同名像点对应的三维坐标,从而获得具有精准三维坐标的三维模型点云;所述标定装置根据采集到的星图与导航星图的比较获得位置和姿态信息。通过对相机位置和姿态获取的方法实现目标物体的绝对尺寸标定,并且采用同名像点解算的方式,无需提前对目标物进行标定物放置,或投射标定点。

Description

一种用于太空领域的3D采集和尺寸测量方法 技术领域
本发明涉及形貌测量技术领域,特别涉及3D形貌测量技术领域。
背景技术
目前大部分的3D模型构建均在地面或空中完成。但目前还未有人提及太空中的3D模型如何构建。实际上,在进行卫星监控、陨石跟踪以及其他大气层外的物体监控、测量、识别时,目前均采用相机拍照的方式。但这种方式得到的都是二维信息,并不能准确得到目标的三维形貌,这会影响测量、识别跟踪的效果。
但同时,由于太空中的目标物距离较远,且很多目标物是无法预先确定的,因此在目标物上放置标定点是不可能的。那么如何在视觉3D模型构建中准确获得目标物的绝对尺寸也成为一个难题。虽然通过其他例如激光测距等方式可以在一定程度上预估出目标物的尺寸。但这一方面难以精确到目标物每个细小位置的尺寸和形貌,另一方面也会给装置带来额外的复杂度和重量,这在太空应用中是应当极力避免的。
在现有技术中也曾提出使用包括旋转角度、目标物尺寸、物距的经验公式限定相机位置,从而兼顾合成速度和效果。然而在实际应用中发现:太空中目标物尺寸难以准确确定,因此这种方式不能适用。
因此,目前急需解决以下技术问题:①能够准确获得太空中物体的形貌信息。②能够获得太空中物体的准确尺寸③同时兼顾合成速度和合成精度。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题,提出了本发明提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的标定方法及设备。
本发明实施例提供了一种3D建模中的采集设备及方法,
(1)利用采集设备采集目标物多个图像;
(2)标定装置获取采集设备在采集每个图像时采集设备的位置和姿态信息;
(3)处理器根据上述多个图像合成目标物三维模型,同时根据采集设备位置和姿态信息得到同名像点对应的三维坐标,从而获得具有精准三维坐标的三 维模型点云;
所述标定装置根据采集到的星图与导航星图的比较获得位置和姿态信息。
在可选的实施例中,位置信息包括XYZ坐标,姿态信息包括偏角、倾角和旋角。
在可选的实施例中,处理器还根据结合采集设备以下参数进行同名像点三维坐标计算:像主点坐标(x 0,y 0),焦距f,径向畸变差系数k 1,径向畸变差系数k 2,切向畸变差系数p 1,切向畸变差系数p 2,图像传感元件非正方形比例系数α,和/或图像传感元件非正交性的畸变系数β。
在可选的实施例中,图像采集装置转动采集一组图像时的位置符合如下条件:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000001
其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件的矩形长度;M为图像采集装置感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;μ为经验系数。
在可选的实施例中,μ<0.477,μ<0.343或μ<0.184。
在可选的实施例中,采集设备为3D图像采集设备时,3D图像采集设备的相邻两个采集位置符合如下条件:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000002
其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件的矩形长度或宽度;T为图像采集装置感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;δ为调整系数。
在可选的实施例中,δ<0.597,δ<0.403,δ<0.343,或δ<0.296。
在可选的实施例中,得到同名像点对应的三维坐标是通过对匹配的同名像点进行空间前方交会解算实现的。
在可选的实施例中,获得目标物的绝对尺寸。
本发明另一实施例还提供了一种标定设备及方法,应用于上述的设备或方法。
发明点及技术效果
1、通过对相机位置和姿态获取的方法实现目标物体的绝对尺寸标定,并且采用同名像点解算的方式,无需提前对目标物进行标定物放置,或投射标定点。
2、通过优化相机采集图片的位置,保证能够同时提高合成速度和合成精度。优化相机采集位置时,无需测量角度,无需测量目标尺寸,适用性更强。
3、首次提出通过相机光轴与转盘呈一定夹角而非平行的方式转动来采集目标物图像,实现3D合成和建模,而无需绕目标物转动,提高了场景的适应性。
4、首次提出在太空中进行3D模型采集和构建。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本实用新型的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本发明实施例中标定装置应用于3D智能视觉设备的示意图;
图2为本发明实施例中的3D智能视觉设备的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例中标定装置应用于3D图像采集设备的示意图;
图4为本发明实施例中标定装置应用于3D图像采集设备的另一示意图;
其中,图像采集装置1、旋转装置2、标定装置3。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例,然而应当理解,可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反,提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开,并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。
3D采集标定流程
当要采集的目标物在不断变化,或者目标物距离较远,或目标物上无法放置标志点等情况时,此时可以:
设置以采集设备的位置和姿态的坐标系xyz,以及以标定空间的坐标系XYZ。
在采集设备上放置位姿传感器,实时测量采集设备的6个位姿,分别是Xs、Ys、Zs、
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000003
偏角、ω倾角、κ旋角。其中Xs、Ys、Zs为图像采集中心在标定空间坐标系中的XYZ轴坐标;
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000004
为z轴在XZ坐标面上的投影与Z轴的夹角;ω 为z轴与XZ坐标面之间的夹角;κ为Y轴在xy坐标面上的投影与y轴的夹角。
1、利用采集设备采集物体的多个图像,具体采集过程和要求下面将详述。在采集过程中,利用位姿传感器记录每个采集时刻的6个位姿参数。也就是记录每个图像的6个位姿参数(外部参数)。
2、对所有采集图像进行特征点提取,并进行特征点匹配。获取影像间大量同名像素点对。采用SURF算子对照片进行特征点提取与匹配。SURF特征匹配方法主要包含三个过程,特征点检测、特征点描述和特征点匹配。该方法使用Hessian矩阵来检测特征点,用箱式滤波器(Box Filters)来代替二阶高斯滤波,用积分图像来加速卷积以提高计算速度,并减少了局部影像特征描述符的维数,来加快匹配速度。
3、在所有照片的内参数、外参数已知的情况下,可对匹配的同名像点进行空间前方交会解算,得到同名像点对应的三维坐标,即得到了具有精准三维坐标的点云,获得了目标的三维尺寸。
4、同名像点的空间前方交会的解算过程如下:两张影像的同名像点(x 1,y 1),(x 2,y 2),影像外方位元素为
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000006
传感器的焦距为f,传统摄影测量一般采用如下的点投影系数方法,进行空间前方交会,获取点的物方空间坐标(X,Y,Z):
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000009
其中:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000010
在多张影像同名像点的物方点解算过程中,物方空间点在多张影像上成像,此时,基于两像点交会的点投影系数方法并不适用。多光线前方交会的基本思想为:在共线条件方程的基础上,将物方点坐标当成未知参数,将像点坐标当作观测值,通过平差方法解算地面坐标。
设有共线条件方程,写成像点表示形式为:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000011
以(X,Y,Z)为未知参数,对共线条件方程进行线性化,得到误差方程式:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000012
对于每一个影像像点,可以得到两个误差方程式,如果有n张匹配影像,那么可以获取2n个误差方程。将误差方程式用矩阵形式表示为:
V=A·X-L中:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000013
于是,在给定迭代收敛阈值的条件下,通过最小二乘方法,计算X。
X=(A T·A) -1·(A T·L)最终,地面点坐标(X,Y,Z)表示为:
(X,Y,Z) T=(X 0,Y 0,Z 0) T+(ΔX,ΔY,ΔZ) T
其中,在上述步骤3中,相机的内参数主要包括像主点x 0,像主点y 0,焦距 (f),径向畸变差系数k 1,径向畸变差系数k 2,切向畸变差系数p 1,切向畸变差系数p 2,CCD非正方形比例系数α,CCD非正交性的畸变系数β。这些参数均可在相机检校场获得。
标定装置结构
由于在太空中无法使用GPS,因此本发明标定装置采用恒星位姿测量系统。其基本原理是:通过光电和射电方式去探测自然天体的方位信息。将捕获到的星图与导航星基准库进行比对,而后利用识别技术得出星图中的恒星体在天球坐标系下的坐标:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000014
天球系下恒星体的坐标投影到像空间系为:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000015
星敏感器的敏感光轴在天球坐标系下的坐标(α,δ)为:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000016
其中,f表示星敏感器的相机主距;α,δ表示天球的赤经,纬经;l表示加速度计到原点的距离;a,b,c表示载体坐标系。
也就是说,根据恒星位姿测量系统可以实时获得当前设备位置和姿态信息。因此将该标定装置应用于采集设备时,就可以实时获得采集任意图像时采集设 备的位置和姿态信息。
当标定装置3应用于上述3D智能视觉设备时,请参考图1、图2,其可以位于筒状外壳上,或外壳内,并且标定装置与智能视觉设备的图像采集装置的相对位置固定,且提前标定好。
当标定装置3应用于通常的3D图像采集设备时,请参考图3,标定装置位于相机周边,例如可以位于相机外壳上,或通过固定板安装在相机外壳上。并且标定装置与智能视觉设备的图像采集装置的相对位置固定,且提前标定好。
利用3D智能视觉设备
包括图像采集装置1、旋转装置2和筒状外壳。如图1-图2,图像采集装置1安装在旋转装置2上,旋转装置容纳在筒状外壳内,并且可以在筒状外壳内自由转动。
图像采集装置1用于通过图像采集装置1的采集区域与目标物相对运动采集目标物一组图像;采集区域移动装置,用于驱动图像采集装置的采集区域与目标物产生相对运动。采集区域为图像采集装置的有效视场范围。
图像采集装置1可以为相机,旋转装置2可以为转盘。相机设置在转盘上,且相机光轴与转盘面呈一定夹角,转盘面与待采集目标物近似平行。转盘带动相机转动,从而使得相机在不同位置采集目标物的图像。
进一步,相机通过角度调整装置安装在转盘上,角度调整装置可以转动从而调整图像采集装置1的光轴与转盘面的夹角,调节范围为-90°<γ<90°。在拍摄较近目标物时,可以使得图像采集装置1光轴向转盘中心轴方向偏移,即将γ向-90°方向调节。而在拍摄腔体内部时,可以使得图像采集装置1光轴向偏离转盘中心轴方向偏移,即将γ向90°方向调节。上述调节可以手动完成,也可以给3D智能视觉设备设置测距装置,测量其距离目标物的距离,根据该距离来自动调整γ角度。
转盘可通过传动装置与电机连接,在电机的驱动下转动,并带动图像采集装置1转动。传动装置可以为齿轮系统或传动带等常规机械结构。
为了提高采集效率,转盘上可以设置多个图像采集装置1。多个图像采集装置1沿转盘圆周依次分布。例如可以在转盘任意一条直径两端分别设置一个图像采集装置1。也可以每隔60°圆周角设置一个图像采集装置1,整个圆盘均匀设置6个图像采集装置1。上述多个图像采集装置可以为同一类型相机,也可以为不同类型相机。例如在转盘上设置一个可见光相机及一个红外相机, 从而能够采集不同波段图像。
图像采集装置1用于采集目标物的图像,其可以为定焦相机,或变焦相机。特别是即可以为可见光相机,也可以为红外相机。当然,可以理解的是任何具有图像采集功能的装置均可以使用,并不构成对本发明的限定,例如可以为CCD、CMOS、相机、摄像机、工业相机、监视器、摄像头以及带有图像采集功能所有设备。
旋转装置2除了转盘,也可以为转动臂、转动梁、转动支架等多种形式,只要能够带动图像采集装置转动即可。无论使用哪种方式,图像采集装置1的光轴与转动面均具有一定的夹角γ。
在进行3D采集时,图像采集装置在不同采集位置光轴方向相对于目标物不发生变化,通常大致垂直于目标物表面,此时相邻两个图像采集装置1的位置,或图像采集装置1相邻两个采集位置满足如下条件:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000017
其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置1光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置1的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件(CCD)的矩形长度;M为图像采集装置1感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;μ为经验系数。
当上述两个位置是沿图像采集装置1感光元件长度方向时,d取矩形长度;当上述两个位置是沿图像采集装置1感光元件宽度方向时,d取矩形宽度。
图像采集装置1在上述两个位置中的任何一个位置时,感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离作为M。
如上所述,L应当为两个图像采集装置1光心的直线距离,但由于图像采集装置1光心位置在某些情况下并不容易确定,因此在某些情况下也可以使用图像采集装置1的感光元件中心、图像采集装置1的几何中心、图像采集装置与云台(或平台、支架)连接的轴中心、镜头近端或远端表面的中心替代,经过试验发现由此带来的误差是在可接受的范围内的,因此上述范围也在本发明的保护范围之内。
从上述实验结果及大量实验经验可以得出,μ的值应当满足μ<0.463,此时已经能够合成部分3D模型,虽然有一部分无法自动合成,但是在要求不高的情况下也是可以接受的,并且可以通过手动或者更换算法的方式弥补无法合成的部分。特别是μ的值满足μ<0.338时,能够最佳地兼顾合成效果和合成时间的平衡;为了获得更好的合成效果可以选择μ<0.179,此时合成时间会上升,但合 成质量更好。而当μ为0.490时,已经无法合成。但这里应当注意,以上范围仅仅是最佳实施例,并不构成对保护范围的限定。
以上数据仅为验证该公式条件所做实验得到的,并不对发明构成限定。即使没有这些数据,也不影响该公式的客观性。本领域技术人员可以根据需要调整设备参数和步骤细节进行实验,得到其他数据也是符合该公式条件的。
本发明所述的相邻采集位置是指,在图像采集装置相对目标物移动时,移动轨迹上的发生采集动作的两个相邻位置。这通常对于图像采集装置运动容易理解。但对于目标物发生移动导致两者相对移动时,此时应当根据运动的相对性,将目标物的运动转化为目标物不动,而图像采集装置运动。此时再衡量图像采集装置在转化后的移动轨迹中发生采集动作的两个相邻位置。
利用3D图像采集设备
目标物位于某一位置,采集设备位于移动装置上。上述移动装置可以为卫星、导弹、月球车、太空站等外太空使用设备。如图3-4,移动装置带动采集设备围绕目标物转动。当然这种转动并不一定是完整的圆周运动,可以根据采集需要只转动一定角度。并且这种转动也不一定必须为圆周运动,图像采集装置1的运动轨迹可以为其它曲线轨迹,只要保证相机从不同角度拍摄物体即可。
图像采集装置用于采集目标物的图像,其可以为定焦相机,或变焦相机。特别是即可以为可见光相机,也可以为红外相机。当然,可以理解的是任何具有图像采集功能的装置均可以使用,并不构成对本发明的限定,例如可以为CCD、CMOS、相机、摄像机、工业相机、监视器、摄像头、以及带有图像采集功能所有设备。
设备还包括处理器,也称处理单元,用以根据图像采集装置采集的多个图像,根据3D合成算法,合成目标物3D模型,得到目标物3D信息。
有时,采集区域移动并不规则,例如车载或机载时,行进路线为不规则路线时,此时难以以严格的轨道进行运动,图像采集装置的运动轨迹难以准确预测。因此在这种情况下如何保证拍摄图像能够准确、稳定地合成3D模型是一大难题,目前还未有人提及。更常见的方法是多拍照片,用照片数量的冗余来解决该问题。但这样合成结果并不稳定。虽然目前也有一些通过限定相机转动角度的方式提高合成效果,但实际上用户对于角度并不敏感,即使给出优选角度,在手持拍摄的情况下用户也很难操作。因此本发明提出了通过限定两次拍照相机移动距离的方式来提高合成效果、缩短合成时间的方法。
在无规则运动的情况下,可以在移动装置或图像采集装置中设置传感器,通过传感器测量图像采集装置两次拍摄时移动的直线距离,在移动距离不满足上述关于L(具体下述条件)的经验条件时,向移动装置发出报警。
采集区域相对目标物运动时,特别是图像采集装置围绕目标物转动,在进行3D采集时,图像采集装置在不同采集位置光轴方向相对于目标物发生变化,此时相邻两个图像采集装置的位置,或图像采集装置相邻两个采集位置满足如下条件:
Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-000018
其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件(CCD)的矩形长度或宽度;T为图像采集装置感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;δ为调整系数。
当上述两个位置是沿图像采集装置感光元件长度方向时,d取矩形长度;当上述两个位置是沿图像采集装置感光元件宽度方向时,d取矩形宽度。
图像采集装置在两个位置中的任何一个位置时,感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离作为T。除了这种方法外,在另一种情况下,L为A n、A n+1两个图像采集装置光心的直线距离,与A n、A n+1两个图像采集装置相邻的A n-1、A n+2两个图像采集装置和A n、A n+1两个图像采集装置各自感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离分别为T n-1、T n、T n+1、T n+2,T=(T n-1+T n+T n+1+T n+2)/4。当然可以不只限于相邻4个位置,也可以用更多的位置进行平均值计算。
如上所述,L应当为两个图像采集装置光心的直线距离,但由于图像采集装置光心位置在某些情况下并不容易确定,因此在某些情况下也可以使用图像采集装置的感光元件中心、图像采集装置的几何中心、图像采集装置与云台(或 平台、支架)连接的轴中心、镜头近端或远端表面的中心替代,经过试验发现由此带来的误差是在可接受的范围内的,因此上述范围也在本发明的保护范围之内。
通常情况下,现有技术中均采用物体尺寸、视场角等参数作为推算相机位置的方式,并且两个相机之间的位置关系也采用角度表达。由于角度在实际使用过程中并不好测量,因此在实际使用时较为不便。并且,物体尺寸会随着测量物体的变化而改变。而本方案根据大量实验数据,给出了相机位置需要满足的经验条件,不仅避免测量难以准确测量的角度,而且不需要直接测量物体大小尺寸。经验条件中d、f均为相机固定参数,在购买相机、镜头时,厂家即会给出相应参数,无需测量。而T仅为一个直线距离,用传统测量方法,例如直尺、激光测距仪均可以很便捷的测量得到。因此,本发明的经验公式使得准备过程变得方便快捷,同时也提高了相机位置的排布准确度,使得相机能够设置在优化的位置中,从而在同时兼顾了3D合成精度和速度。
从上述实验结果及大量实验及仿真经验可以得出,δ的值应当满足δ<0.593,此时已经能够合成部分3D模型,虽然有一部分无法自动合成,但是在要求不高的情况下也是可以接受的,并且可以通过手动或者更换算法的方式弥补无法合成的部分。特别是δ的值满足δ<0.401时,能够最佳地兼顾合成效果和合成时间的平衡;为了获得更好的合成效果可以选择δ<0.338,此时合成时间会上升,但合成质量更好。当然为了进一步提高合成效果,可以选择δ<0.291。而当δ为0.674时,已经无法合成。但这里应当注意,以上范围仅仅是最佳实施例,并不构成对保护范围的限定。
并且从上述实验可以看出,对于相机拍照位置的确定,只需要获取相机参数(焦距f、CCD尺寸)、相机CCD与物体表面的距离T即可根据上述公式得到, 这使得在进行设备设计和调试时变得容易。由于相机参数(焦距f、CCD尺寸)在相机购买时就已经确定,并且是产品说明中就会标示的,很容易获得。因此根据上述公式很容易就能够计算得到相机位置,而不需要再进行繁琐的视场角测量和物体尺寸测量。特别是在一些场合中,需要更换相机镜头,那么本发明的方法直接更换镜头常规参数f计算即可得到相机位置;同理,在采集不同物体时,由于物体大小不同,对于物体尺寸的测量也较为繁琐。而使用本发明的方法,无需进行物体尺寸测量,能够更为便捷地确定相机位置。并且使用本发明确定的相机位置,能够兼顾合成时间和合成效果。因此,上述经验条件是本发明的发明点之一。
以上数据仅为验证该公式条件所做实验得到的,并不对发明构成限定。即使没有这些数据,也不影响该公式的客观性。本领域技术人员可以根据需要调整设备参数和步骤细节进行实验,得到其他数据也是符合该公式条件的。
本发明所述的转动运动,为在采集过程中前一位置采集平面和后一位置采集平面发生交叉而不是平行,或前一位置图像采集装置光轴和后一位置图像采集位置光轴发生交叉而不是平行。也就是说,图像采集装置的采集区域环绕或部分环绕目标物运动,均可以认为是两者相对转动。虽然本发明实施例中列举更多的为有轨道的转动运动,但是可以理解,只要图像采集设备的采集区域和目标物之间发生非平行的运动,均是转动范畴,均可以使用本发明的限定条件。本发明保护范围并不限定于实施例中的有轨道转动。
本发明所述的相邻采集位置是指,在图像采集装置相对目标物移动时,移动轨迹上的发生采集动作的两个相邻位置。这通常对于图像采集装置运动容易理解。但对于目标物发生移动导致两者相对移动时,此时应当根据运动的相对性,将目标物的运动转化为目标物不动,而图像采集装置运动。此时再衡量图 像采集装置在转化后的移动轨迹中发生采集动作的两个相邻位置。
应用举例
例如在卫星中安装上述3D采集设备,这样可以采集其他卫星、陨石、甚至在大气层外飞行的弹道导弹的三维模型,同时这种三维模型是具有绝对尺寸的。因此可以精确地识别所采集跟踪的目标是何种目标。比传统二维拍照的方式更加精准。
在进行其他星球探索时,例如月球,月球车上可以安装上述3D采集设备,这样可以精确识别月球车周边环境,更加准确地进行路线规划和障碍物躲避。
虽然上述实施例中记载图像采集装置采集图像,但不应理解为仅适用于单张图片构成的图片组,这只是为了便于理解而采用的说明方式。图像采集装置也可以采集视频数据,直接利用视频数据或从视频数据中截取图像进行3D合成。但合成时所利用的视频数据相应帧或截取的图像的拍摄位置,依然满足上述经验公式。上述恒星位姿测量系统可以为星敏传感器。
上述目标物体、目标物、及物体皆表示预获取三维信息的对象。可以为一实体物体,也可以为多个物体组成物。所述目标物的三维信息包括三维图像、三维点云、三维网格、局部三维特征、三维尺寸及一切带有目标物三维特征的参数。本发明里所谓的三维是指具有XYZ三个方向信息,特别是具有深度信息,与只有二维平面信息具有本质区别。也与一些称为三维、全景、全息、三维,但实际上只包括二维信息,特别是不包括深度信息的定义有本质区别。
在此处所提供的说明书中,说明了大量具体细节。然而,能够理解,本实用新型的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践。在一些实例中,并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术,以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
类似地,应当理解,为了精简本公开并帮助理解各个发明方面中的一个或多个,在上面对本发明的示例性实施例的描述中,本发明的各个特征有时被一起分组到单个实施例、图、或者对其的描述中。然而,并不应将该公开的方法解释成反映如下意图:即所要求保护的本发明要求比在每个权利要求中所明确记载的特征更多的特征。更确切地说,如下面的权利要求书所反映的那样,发明方面在于少于前面公开的单个实施例的所有特征。因此,遵循具体实施方式的权利要求书由此明确地并入该具体实施方式,其中每个权利要求本身都作为本发明的单独实施例。
本领域那些技术人员可以理解,可以对实施例中的设备中的模块进行自适应性地改变并且把它们设置在与该实施例不同的一个或多个设备中。可以把实施例中的模块或单元或组件组合成一个模块或单元或组件,以及此外可以把它们分成多个子模块或子单元或子组件。除了这样的特征和/或过程或者单元中的至少一些是相互排斥之外,可以采用任何组合对本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征以及如此公开的任何方法或者设备的所有过程或单元进行组合。除非另外明确陈述,本说明书(包括伴随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的每个特征可以由提供相同、等同或相似目的的替代特征来代替。
此外,本领域的技术人员能够理解,尽管在此的一些实施例包括其它实施例中所包括的某些特征而不是其它特征,但是不同实施例的特征的组合意味着处于本发明的范围之内并且形成不同的实施例。例如,在权利要求书中,所要求保护的实施例的任意之一都可以以任意的组合方式来使用。
本发明的各个部件实施例可以以硬件实现,或者以在一个或者多个处理器上运行的软件模块实现,或者以它们的组合实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解,可以在实践中使用微处理器或者数字信号处理器(DSP)来实现根据本发明实施例的基于本发明装置中的一些或者全部部件的一些或者全部功能。本发明还可以实现为用于执行这里所描述的方法的一部分或者全部的设备或者装置程序(例如,计算机程序和计算机程序产品)。这样的实现本发明的程序可以存储在计算机可读介质上,或者可以具有一个或者多个信号的形式。这样的信号可以从因特网网站上下载得到,或者在载体信号上提供,或者以任何其他形式提供。
应该注意的是上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例。在权利要求中,不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。单词“包含”不排除存在未列在权利要求中的元件或步骤。位于元件之前的单词“一”或“一个”不排除存在多个这样的元件。本发明可以借助于包括有若干不同元件的硬件以及借助于适当编程的计算机来实现。在列举了若干装置的单元权利要求中,这些装置中的若干个可以是通过同一个硬件项来具体体现。单词第一、第二、以及第三等的使用不表示任何顺序。可将这些单词解释为名称。
至此,本领域技术人员应认识到,虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的 多个示例性实施例,但是,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下,仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此,本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种3D采集方法,其特征在于:
    (1)利用采集设备采集目标物多个图像;
    (2)标定装置获取采集设备在采集每个图像时采集设备的位置和姿态信息;
    (3)处理器根据上述多个图像合成目标物三维模型,同时根据采集设备位置和姿态信息得到同名像点对应的三维坐标,从而获得具有精准三维坐标的三维模型点云;
    所述标定装置根据采集到的星图与导航星图的比较获得位置和姿态信息;
    采集设备的图像采集装置转动采集一组图像时的位置符合如下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-100001
    其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件的矩形长度;M为图像采集装置感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;μ为经验系数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:位置信息包括XYZ坐标,姿态信息包括偏角、倾角和旋角。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:处理器还根据结合采集设备以下参数进行同名像点三维坐标计算:像主点坐标(x 0,y 0),焦距f,径向畸变差系数k 1,径向畸变差系数k 2,切向畸变差系数p 1,切向畸变差系数p 2,图像传感元件非正方形比例系数α,和/或图像传感元件非正交性的畸变系数β。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:得到同名像点对应的三维坐标是通过对匹配的同名像点进行空间前方交会解算实现的。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:获得目标物的绝对尺寸。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:μ<0.477。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:μ<0.343。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:μ<0.184。
  9. 一种3D采集方法,其特征在于:
    (1)利用采集设备采集目标物多个图像;
    (2)标定装置获取采集设备在采集每个图像时采集设备的位置和姿态信息;
    (3)处理器根据上述多个图像合成目标物三维模型,同时根据采集设备位置和姿态信息得到同名像点对应的三维坐标,从而获得具有精准三维坐标的三维模型点云;
    所述标定装置根据采集到的星图与导航星图的比较获得位置和姿态信息;
    采集设备为3D图像采集设备时,3D图像采集设备的相邻两个采集位置符合如下条件:
    Figure PCTCN2021080880-appb-100002
    其中L为相邻两个采集位置图像采集装置光心的直线距离;f为图像采集装置的焦距;d为图像采集装置感光元件的矩形长度或宽度;T为图像采集装置感光元件沿着光轴到目标物表面的距离;δ为调整系数。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:δ<0.597。
  11. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:δ<0.403。
  12. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:δ<0.343。
  13. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:δ<0.296。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:位置信息包括XYZ坐标,姿态信息包括偏角、倾角和旋角。
  15. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:处理器还根据结合采集设备以下参数进行同名像点三维坐标计算:像主点坐标(x 0,y 0),焦距f,径向畸变差系数k 1,径向畸变差系数k 2,切向畸变差系数p 1,切向畸变差系数p 2,图像传感元件非正方形比例系数α,和/或图像传感元件非正交性的畸变系数β。
  16. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:得到同名像点对应的三维坐标是通过对匹配的同名像点进行空间前方交会解算实现的。
  17. 如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于:获得目标物的绝对尺寸。
  18. 一种标定设备,其特征在于:使用权利要求1-17任一所述的方法。
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