WO2021184820A1 - 一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法 - Google Patents
一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/54—Testing for continuity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/56—Testing of electric apparatus
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of online diagnosis, and more specifically, relates to a method for diagnosing open circuit faults of a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter bridge arm.
- Existing diagnosis methods for bridge arm faults can be roughly divided into two categories.
- One uses hardware methods, such as additional detection circuits, sensors, etc. to detect whether the power tube is over-voltage or overheating, and then diagnose whether the fault is caused by an integrated logic circuit.
- This type of method has a fast diagnosis speed, but the additional sensors and circuits increase the diagnosis cost, and also increase the uncertainty of the inverter system.
- the other type uses system information methods, such as detecting the voltage and current signals output by the inverter system, processing the signals to extract characteristic values, and comparing them with the signal characteristics when the system is normal, so as to diagnose the fault.
- This type of method especially the method based on the system current signal, uses the current sensor that comes with the control system, and does not need to add additional sensors and circuits, thus reducing the cost, but the process of signal processing and feature extraction has a large amount of calculation and takes up More processor resources.
- the present invention provides a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter bridge arm open circuit fault diagnosis method, which aims to quickly diagnose and locate a fault in the inverter power tube. To the faulty bridge arm, it provides the basis for the fault-tolerant control of the motor drive system.
- the present invention provides a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter bridge arm open circuit fault diagnosis method, which includes:
- t k-L+1
- k is the current sampling time
- Is the current vector dimension
- n p is the number of motor pole pairs
- w is the motor speed
- T s is the sampling time
- i m (k) is the m-phase current data collected at time k.
- I a , I b , and I c are three-phase current vectors.
- k is the set threshold
- F m is the characteristic quantity that characterizes the m-phase fault
- m A, B, C.
- the threshold k is set to a certain value between 0.414 and 1.
- the diagnosis cost is low, and the amount of calculation is small.
- the diagnosis method in the present invention specifically belongs to the current method in the system information method. By sharing the three-phase current signal collected by the three-phase inverter control system, no additional sensors and circuits are needed, so the diagnosis cost is low; for the amount of data n
- the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n 2 ), and the amount of calculation is small.
- the present invention is beneficial to quickly locate the faulty bridge arm, provides a basis for rapid maintenance or fault-tolerant control of the inverter, and improves the reliability of the system.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing open-circuit faults of a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter bridge arm provided by the present invention
- Figure 2 (a) is a three-phase current waveform diagram of the inverter provided by the present invention working in a healthy condition
- Figure 2(b) is a three-phase current waveform diagram of the inverter provided by the present invention in the case of a-phase bridge arm double tube failure;
- Figure 2(c) is a three-phase current waveform diagram of the inverter provided by the present invention in the case of a single-tube failure of the a-phase bridge arm;
- Fig. 3 is the topological structure of the motor vector control system with fault detection module provided by the present invention.
- the present invention provides a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter bridge arm open circuit fault diagnosis method, which includes the following steps:
- t k-L+1
- k is the current sampling time
- Is the current vector dimension
- n p is the number of pole pairs of the motor
- w is the motor speed
- T s is the sampling time.
- the feature vector corresponding to l 1 and l 2 is:
- X ab [X 1 X 2 ]
- r the expression of r can be obtained Formula and simplify:
- a current cycle is divided into 6 sub-intervals, so the three-phase current vector can be decomposed into a combination of three sub-vectors I 1 , I 2 , and I 3.
- the three-phase current waveform As shown in Figure 2(a), in order to simplify the analysis, it is assumed that the initial phase of phase a is 0; when the collected initial phase of a periodic current signal of phase a is not 0, the current signal translation reconstruction can be used to make the initial phase 0 Therefore, it is assumed that it does not affect the analysis results; when a single-tube fault or double-tube fault occurs in phase a, the translational decomposition of the current signal is similar. After the above operations, the calculation of the current similarity value under different conditions can be greatly simplified.
- the three-phase current vector can be decomposed into:
- the three-phase current vector can be decomposed as follows:
- phase a current and phase c current are also 0. It can be seen that when an open-circuit fault occurs in a certain phase, the similarity between the fault phase current and the normal phase current will decrease sharply. The similarity of phase current is still 1. Therefore, when a double-tube fault occurs in phase a, the correlation between phase b and phase c current is 1, that is, the similarity between the normal phase currents remains unchanged, and the similarity between the normal phase and the fault phase will sharply decrease to 0 .
- the threshold can be selected to be a value between 0.414 and 1 to compare the similarity with the threshold. Determine whether each bridge arm is faulty; compare the similarity and threshold value according to the following formula, and diagnose whether each bridge arm is faulty at the current moment, where k is the selected threshold, and the selected threshold k is 0.75 in the embodiment of the present invention:
- the motor vector control system with fault detection module consists of power tubes (T1-T6), corresponding freewheeling diodes (D1-D6), rectified output DC voltage, and filter capacitor ( C) It is composed of induction motor, PWM control module and fault detection module.
- the fault diagnosis module adopts the method of sharing the three-phase current signal of the control system, avoiding the addition of additional sensors, so the diagnosis cost is low.
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Abstract
一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,属于在线诊断技术领域,包括:采集当前时刻逆变器输出的三相电流数据,并更新三相电流向量;根据三相电流向量构建每两相电流向量间的格拉姆矩阵;计算各格拉姆矩阵的特征值、特征向量,获得特征向量矩阵,根据特征向量矩阵中最小元素与最大元素的绝对值之比得到相电流间相似性;比较相电流间相似性与设定阈值的大小,获得当前时刻表征故障的特征量,根据特征量得到当前时刻开路故障诊断结果。两电平三相电压源逆变器的桥臂开路故障诊断方法具有成本低、计算量小,检测速度快、鲁棒性强的优点,为电机驱动系统容错控制提供基础,提高了系统的可靠性。
Description
本发明属于在线诊断技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法。
随着三相脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电压型逆变器在各个工业领域的广泛应用,逆变器的故障诊断成为近年来的研究热点。在逆变器中,由于过压、过流、热应力等因素影响,功率管容易发生故障。短路故障已有较成熟的硬件保护技术,而开路故障目前尚无通用的诊断方法。开路故障极易引发系统二次故障甚至造成系统崩溃。因此近年来针对逆变器开路故障的诊断与容错控制技术得到了快速发展。对于感应电机驱动系统容错控制,只需要诊断并定位到故障桥臂。
现有针对桥臂故障的诊断方法可大致分为两大类,一类采用硬件方法,如附加检测电路、传感器等检测功率管是否过电压过热,再通过集成的逻辑电路诊断是否故障。这类方法诊断速度快但附加的传感器和电路增加了诊断成本,也增加了逆变器系统的不确定性。另一类采用系统信息方法,如检测逆变器系统输出的电压、电流信号,对信号进行处理提取特征值,将其与系统正常时的信号特征进行比较,从而诊断出故障。这类方法特别如基于系统电流信号的方法,利用了控制系统自带的电流传感器,不需要增加额外传感器和电路,因而降低了成本,但信号处理和特征提取等过程计算量较大,占用了较多的处理器资源。
【发明内容】
针对现有技术的以上缺陷或改进需求,本发明提供了一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,其目的在于在逆变器功率管发生故 障时快速诊断并定位到故障桥臂,为电机驱动系统容错控制提供基础。
为实现上述目的,本发明的提供了一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,包括:
S1.采集当前时刻逆变器输出的三相电流数据,并更新三相电流向量;
S2.根据三相电流向量构建每两相电流向量间的格拉姆矩阵;
S3.计算各格拉姆矩阵的特征值、特征向量,获得特征向量矩阵,根据特征向量矩阵中最小元素与最大元素的绝对值之比得到相电流间相似性;
S4.比较相电流间相似性与设定阈值的大小,获得当前时刻表征故障的特征量,根据特征量得到当前时刻开路故障诊断结果。
进一步地,根据以下公式更新三相电流向量;
I
m(k)=[i
m(t),i
m(t+1),…,i
m(k)]
T,m=a,b,c
进一步地,每两相电流向量间的格拉姆矩阵为:
其中,I
a、I
b、I
c为三相电流向量。
进一步地,相电流间相似性计算公式为:
进一步地,表征故障的特征量根据如下表达式得到;
其中,k为设定阈值,F
m为表征m相故障的特征量,m=A,B,C。
进一步地,表征故障的特征量F
m为1时,该相桥臂发生开路故障;F
m为0时,该相桥臂处于健康状态,其中,m=A,B,C。
进一步地,设定阈值k为0.414至1之间的某一数值。
总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,能够取得下列有益效果。
(1)诊断成本低、计算量小。本发明中的诊断方法具体属于系统信息方法中的电流法,通过共享三相逆变器控制系统采集的三相电流信号,不需要增加额外传感器和电路,因此诊断成本低;对于数据量为n的电流链表,算法的时间复杂度为O(n
2),计算量较小。
(2)检测速度快、鲁棒性强。通过物理实验验证,本发明所构思的技术方案的平均诊断时间仅需1/3个电流基波周期,快于目前大多数诊断方法(1个电流基波周期左右);同时,本方法不需要对电流信号进行滤波、降噪等处理,在电机负载的单次突变在额定负载30%以内时仍然能够快速、准确的给出诊断结果,没有发生误诊,具有较好的鲁棒性。
(3)本发明有利于快速定位到故障桥臂,为逆变器的快速检修或容错控制提供基础,提高系统的可靠性。
图1是本发明提供的一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法流程图;
图2(a)是本发明提供的逆变器工作于健康情况下的三相电流波形图;
图2(b)是本发明提供的逆变器a相桥臂双管故障情况下三相电流波形图;
图2(c)是本发明提供的逆变器a相桥臂单管故障情况下三相电流波形图;
图3是本发明提供的带故障检测模块的电机矢量控制系统拓扑结构。
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1所示,本发明提供了种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.采集逆变器当前时刻三相电流数据i
a(k),i
b(k)和i
c(k);
S2.更新三相电流向量I
a(k),I
b(k),I
c(k);
具体地,采用以下公式更新三相电流向量;
I
m(k)=[i
m(t),i
m(t+1),…,i
m(k)]
T,m=a,b,c (1)
S3.根据三相电流向量构建每两相电流向量间的格拉姆(Gram)矩阵G
bc,G
ac,G
ab;
具体地,对于任何两个维度相同的向量a,b,其对应的格拉姆矩阵为:
S4.计算各Gram矩阵的特征值、特征向量,获得特征向量矩阵,根据特征向量矩阵中最小元素与最大元素的绝对值之比得到相电流间相似性;
具体地,对于任何两个维度相同的向量a,b,其对应的格拉姆矩阵特征值为:
l
1,l
2对应的特征向量为:
特征向量矩阵记为X
ab=[X
1 X
2],采用特征向量矩阵中最小元素与最大元素的绝对值之比来度量两个向量间相似性大小,记为r,则可得到r的表达式并进行简化:
根据电流自身结构的对称性,将一个电流周期划分为6个子区间,于是可将三相电流向量分解为3个子向量I
1,I
2,I
3的组合,在健康情况下,三相电流波形如图2(a)所示,为简化分析,假定a相初相位为0;当采集到的a相一个周期电流信号初相位不为0时,可通过电流信号平移重构使初相位为0,因此假定不影响分析结果;当a相发生单管故障、双管故障时,电流信号的平移分解类似。经过以上操作,可大大简化不同情况下电流相似性数值的计算。
三相电流向量可分解为:
因此有,
结合公式(3)可计算得到a相电流与b相电流间的相似性;
以a相为例,当a相桥臂中上下两个晶体管都发生故障时,三相电流波形会发生畸变,如图2(b)所示,三相电流向量可分解如下:
根据对称性,a相电流与c相电流间相似性也为0,由此可知,当某一相发生开路故障时,故障相电流与正常相电流间相似性会急剧减小,对于正常的两相电流,其相似性仍为1。因此当a相发生双管故障时,b、c相电流之间相关性为1,即正常的另外两相电流间相似性保持不变,而正常相与故障相间相似性会急剧减小到0。
当a相桥臂中发生单管故障时,三相电流波形如图2(c)所示,三相电流向量分解如下:
利用正弦三角函数进行积分计算。
S5.比较相电流间相似性与设定阈值的大小,获得当前时刻表征故障的特征量,根据特征量判断各桥臂是否发生故障。
通过上面具体地计算分析发现,当某相发生故障时,故障相与正常相电流间相似性会显著减小,并且可以选定阈值为0.414至1之间的某一数值,比较相似性与阈值大小,判断各桥臂是否发生故障;按下式比较相似性与 阈值大小,诊断出当前时刻各桥臂是否发生故障,其中k为选定阈值,本发明实施例中选定阈值k为0.75:
表征故障的特征量F
m为1时,该相桥臂发生开路故障;F
m为0时,该相桥臂处于健康状态,其中,m=A,B,C。
本发明方法的应用实例如图3所示,带故障检测模块的电机矢量控制系统由功率管(T1-T6)、对应续流二极管(D1-D6)、整流后输出的直流电压、滤波电容(C)、感应电机、PWM控制模块以及故障检测模块组成,故障诊断模块采用共享控制系统的三相电流信号的方式,避免了添加额外的传感器,因此诊断成本低。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
- 一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,其特征在于,包括:S1.采集当前时刻逆变器输出的三相电流数据,并更新三相电流向量;S2.根据三相电流向量构建每两相电流向量间的格拉姆矩阵;S3.计算各格拉姆矩阵的特征值、特征向量,获得特征向量矩阵,根据特征向量矩阵中最小元素与最大元素的绝对值之比得到相电流间相似性;S4.比较相电流间相似性与设定阈值的大小,获得当前时刻表征故障的特征量,根据特征量得到当前时刻开路故障诊断结果。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,其特征在于,表征故障的特征量F m为1时,该相桥臂发生开路故障;F m为0时,该相桥臂处于健康状态,其中,m=A,B,C。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法,其特征在于,设定阈值k为0.414至1之间的某一数值。
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| CN111381188B (zh) * | 2020-03-18 | 2021-02-09 | 华中科技大学 | 一种两电平三相电压源逆变器桥臂开路故障诊断方法 |
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| CN114152830A (zh) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-08 | 武汉工程大学 | 基于电流特征分析的无刷直流电机逆变器故障诊断方法 |
| CN115480187B (zh) * | 2022-08-22 | 2024-03-26 | 合肥工业大学 | 基于系统停机后三相电流波形特性的短路故障诊断方法 |
| CN117092554B (zh) * | 2023-10-17 | 2024-01-02 | 中南大学 | 逆变器耦合故障分析方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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| CN119001536A (zh) * | 2024-08-13 | 2024-11-22 | 中南大学 | 一种列车变流器开路故障定位方法及系统 |
| CN119414194A (zh) * | 2024-10-15 | 2025-02-11 | 西安理工大学 | 一种换流器子模块igbt开路故障快速诊断与定位方法 |
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