WO2021179868A1 - 人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置 - Google Patents

人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021179868A1
WO2021179868A1 PCT/CN2021/075670 CN2021075670W WO2021179868A1 WO 2021179868 A1 WO2021179868 A1 WO 2021179868A1 CN 2021075670 W CN2021075670 W CN 2021075670W WO 2021179868 A1 WO2021179868 A1 WO 2021179868A1
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Prior art keywords
viruses
negative pressure
harmful bacteria
air
room
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PCT/CN2021/075670
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈治霖
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重庆陈氏清洁服务有限公司
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Publication of WO2021179868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021179868A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
    • E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
    • E04H1/125—Small buildings, arranged in other buildings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/28—Arrangement or mounting of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of germ and virus protection, in particular to a method and device for protecting harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas.
  • epidemic viruses such as influenza virus and new coronavirus
  • people often relax or work in densely populated areas such as open dining areas, collective office areas, railway stations, airports, hospitals, and shopping malls.
  • densely populated areas such as open dining areas, collective office areas, railway stations, airports, hospitals, and shopping malls.
  • people who carry harmful germs and viruses will carry viruses and germs in the surrounding air when talking loudly, coughing, or sneezing. If these aerosols and droplets carrying viruses and germs are not handled in time, Will cause cross-infection problems.
  • the wind noise generated is unacceptable to the diners; and if disinfection sprays are used to disinfect or sterilize the air, the impact of disinfectants on the dining environment cannot be eliminated in such a short time; if plasma or ultraviolet rays are used to disinfect the air Or sterilization, the air cannot be effectively sterilized or sterilized in such a short time. In such special places, the current methods of preventing cross-infection through disinfection or sterilization cannot solve the problem of preventing cross-infection of diners.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a protection method and protective device for harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas, to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and to provide a comfortable and safe environment space in densely populated areas to prevent germs. And virus cross infection.
  • the present invention provides the following solutions:
  • the present invention provides a protection method for harmful bacteria and viruses in crowded areas: a closed room for a single person to be alone is provided; a door, an air inlet and an exhaust pipe are arranged in the closed room, and are arranged in the closed room A negative pressure inhalation cavity connected to the exhaust pipe; the negative pressure inhalation cavity is set near the mouth and nose of a person to prevent droplets and aerosols from escaping out of the negative pressure inhalation cavity, and quickly collect the production of personnel
  • a first sterilization device is installed at the air inlet to filter or kill viruses and harmful bacteria contained in the inhaled air
  • a second sterilization device is installed at the exhaust pipe to filter or kill and discharge Viruses and harmful bacteria contained in the air.
  • the present invention proposes a protection device for harmful bacteria and viruses in crowded areas based on the above protection method, including a closed room where one person is alone, and the closed room is provided with a door, an air inlet and an exhaust pipe, so A negative pressure suction cavity connected to the exhaust pipe is arranged in the enclosed room, and the negative pressure suction cavity is arranged near the mouth and nose of a person;
  • the first sterilization device for viruses and harmful bacteria, and the exhaust pipe is provided with a second sterilization device for eliminating viruses and harmful bacteria contained in the exhaust air.
  • the first sterilization device and the second sterilization device are filtering devices that eliminate harmful bacteria and viruses by filtering, a high-temperature sterilization device that kills harmful bacteria and viruses through high temperature, or is killed by plasma Plasma sterilization device for harmful bacteria and viruses.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity is located in front of the mouth and nose of the person.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity is enclosed outside the human head, that is, the negative pressure suction cavity can be located on the outer circumference of the human head, such as on the left, right, front or back of the human head, In actual use, the person adjusts his or her direction until the nose and mouth are in front of the negative pressure inhalation cavity.
  • the negative pressure suction chamber is a gas buffer chamber
  • the gas buffer chamber is used to contain droplets and/or aerosols, and prevent droplets and/or aerosols from going to the outside of the gas buffer chamber. Escape; one end of the gas buffer chamber is provided with a suction port, and the other end is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is installed with a negative pressure for providing a negative pressure air flow Power source.
  • the gas buffer chamber has a fluid buffer cross-section, the fluid cross-sectional area through the suction port is smaller than the fluid cross-sectional area through the fluid buffering cross-section, and the fluid cross-sectional area through the suction port is larger than that through the exhaust.
  • the fluid cross-sectional area of the port since the negative pressure power source is used together by the exhaust pipe and the gas buffer chamber, the airflow flows through the suction port, the fluid buffer section in the gas buffer chamber, and the exhaust port.
  • the flow rate at the time is always the same, and the difference of the fluid cross-sectional area will directly lead to the difference in the flow velocity of the air flow when passing through the suction port, the gas buffer chamber and the exhaust port, that is, the suction
  • the fluid velocity at the port is less than the fluid velocity at the exhaust port but greater than the fluid velocity in the gas buffer chamber.
  • the fluid velocity in the gas buffer chamber is relatively minimal, so that the flow rate of the airflow after entering the gas buffer chamber It is cushioned, and the wind feeling in the enclosed room is reduced.
  • the outer edge of the fluid buffer section is a closed annular edge, and each point of the closed annular edge is located on the inner cavity wall of the gas buffer chamber, and the fluid buffer section is located at the suction port and the Between the exhaust ports, and the fluid buffer section can be a section of any size in the gas buffer chamber; the fluid buffer section can be a vertical cross section of the gas buffer chamber, or it can be aligned with the axis of the gas buffer chamber There is an angle between them; in the same way, the section where the suction port is located, the section where the exhaust port is located, and the fluid buffer section may be completely non-parallel or not completely parallel.
  • the suction port and the exhaust port may be provided with one or multiple respectively; when the suction port and the exhaust port are provided with one each, in order to achieve the above-mentioned cushioning effect,
  • the diameter of the suction port can be set to be larger than the diameter of the exhaust port, and the diameter of the suction port is smaller than the inside diameter of the fluid buffer section to ensure that the area of the suction port is greater than
  • the area of the exhaust port and the area of the suction port are smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fluid buffer section, thereby satisfying the relationship between the above-mentioned suction port, the gas buffer chamber, and the fluid cross-sectional area of the exhaust port;
  • the above-mentioned cushioning effect can be achieved by satisfying the following relationship: the sum of the area of each suction port is greater than that of each The sum of the areas of the exhaust ports and the sum of the areas of the suction ports is smaller than the
  • a negative pressure fan can be installed on the top of the enclosed room.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity is detachably connected to the exhaust pipe, so that the negative pressure suction cavity can be disassembled, cleaned and disinfected regularly.
  • the exhaust pipe can be a square hard tube, and a flexible hose is used to connect the negative pressure suction chamber with the exhaust pipe.
  • the flexibility of the soft tube can be used to control the height and pitch of the negative pressure suction chamber. The posture can be adjusted at will to meet a variety of usage needs.
  • an air purification device an ultraviolet disinfection lamp and/or an oxygen generator are provided in the enclosed room; the air purification device is used for purifying the air environment in the enclosed room; the ultraviolet disinfection lamp is used for When the enclosed room is empty, the enclosed room is sterilized and disinfected so that the next person can use it normally; the oxygen generator is used to improve the breathing environment in the enclosed room.
  • a number of liftable universal wheels are arranged at the bottom of the enclosed room. When it is necessary to move, the wheels are put down, and when the enclosed room is in normal use, the wheels are put away.
  • the negative pressure power source is a negative pressure fan
  • the negative pressure fan is equipped with an on-off switch and/or a speed regulating switch, and the on-off switch and/or the speed regulating switch are arranged in the closed In the room, it is convenient for the operation and control of the personnel in the enclosed room.
  • the gas buffer chamber is a trapezoidal cavity cover or a truncated truncated cavity cover
  • the suction port is arranged at the large end of the trapezoidal cavity cover or the truncated truncated cavity cover
  • the exhaust port is arranged at the small head end of the trapezoidal cavity cover or the truncated truncated cavity cover.
  • the protection method and protection device for harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas provided by the present invention are provided by a closed room for a single person to live alone, and the air entering the closed room and the air discharged from the closed room are processed by the sterilization device, so that The air entering the enclosed room and the air discharged from the enclosed room are safe air, which can provide people with a comfortable and safe environment in densely populated areas and prevent cross-infection of germs and viruses.
  • the protective device of the present invention has a reasonable structure, low cost, and is suitable for popularization and use.
  • the present invention not only solves the contradiction problem of large numbers of people and limited space, but also solves the reliability problem of people's isolation and protection by placing people in a small enclosed space that only accommodates one person.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity provided by the present invention is located in the closed room and near the mouth and nose. People in the closed room can cough and sneez into the negative pressure suction cavity. In this case, the people in the closed room produce The aerosols and droplets are in the negative pressure suction cavity. The strong airflow of entrained droplets and aerosols produced by coughing and sneezing is buffered in the negative pressure suction cavity and discharged under the action of the negative pressure airflow. The trachea is quickly sucked away, so as to prevent splashed droplets and aerosols from coughing and sneezing from spreading to the surroundings.
  • the airflow velocity of droplets and aerosols generated under the conditions of normal breathing and speaking of personnel is not as fast as that of coughing and sneezing.
  • the mouth and nose of personnel can be outside the negative pressure inhalation cavity and away from the negative pressure inhalation cavity.
  • the negative pressure air flow can also quickly inhale the droplets and aerosols produced by the human nose into the negative pressure suction cavity. Therefore, whether it is the strong exhalation airflow generated when coughing or sneezing or the weak exhalation airflow generated by normal speech and breathing, the negative pressure inhalation cavity can make the aerosols and droplets produced by the personnel be quickly sucked and discharged.
  • the closed room prevents aerosols and droplets from staying in the closed room, so that when a person leaves the closed room after using the closed room, the aerosol and droplets produced by the person will not remain in the closed room, so that the next person can continue to be safe Use the enclosed room.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection lamp provided in the present invention can be turned on for disinfection when the enclosed room is empty or after a person leaves, so as to ensure the normal use of the next person.
  • the present invention is equipped with an air purification device in the closed room to purify the air.
  • the volume of the closed room for a single person is generally only 2 cubic meters. After the air is purified for 2 to 3 minutes, a clean and hygienic air environment can be achieved in the closed room. , And the enclosed room is not affected by the outside world, and a clean and hygienic air environment can be maintained.
  • the current air purifiers need to purify the air in the whole room, which takes a long time and high energy consumption, and because the space of the whole room is larger than the single-person space of the present invention, it is difficult to maintain a clean and hygienic air environment.
  • the suction port caliber is larger than the exhaust port caliber, the inner diameter of the cavity at the fluid buffering section is larger than the suction port caliber, and the whole is in a cone structure.
  • the negative pressure fan is used in the gas buffer cavity A negative pressure airflow is formed in the room to inhale the gas. After the large-caliber suction port enlarges the airflow, the airflow is buffered and swirled in the gas buffer chamber, which greatly reduces the airflow velocity, so that there is no obvious wind feeling in the enclosed room, and the personnel in the enclosed room are more comfortable.
  • the respiratory airflow generated by human sneezing, severe coughing, and general relaxation breathing can be trapped or absorbed by the negative pressure suction cavity.
  • the airflow cannot be too strong.
  • the method to improve the effect of collecting the airflow carrying harmful bacteria and viruses is to increase the power of the fan to increase the flow rate and velocity of the negative pressure airflow.
  • such a method or device in a small single enclosed room can make people very uncomfortable.
  • the present invention allows people in a closed room to be in a natural breeze and can quickly suck away the aerosols and droplets produced by people in various breathing states, and can give people a comfortable feeling. So that it can be widely used in densely populated areas.
  • the present invention does not need to wear a mask, and the air flow in the closed room is smooth, and the oxygen generator can be opened when needed to improve the breathing environment in the closed room, which solves the problem of long-term wearing Masks are prone to cause discomfort, especially to solve the problem that existing methods cannot protect people when eating and drinking, and at the same time improve breathing comfort.
  • the air inlet and the exhaust pipe are arranged to exchange and flow the air in the enclosed room and the air outside the enclosed room.
  • the enclosed room of the present invention always has external fresh air entering, which can improve the comfort of the people in the enclosed room, even if people are in the enclosed room Boiled water, hot pot, tea, etc. will not cause discomfort.
  • the present invention uses the enclosed room to isolate the outside air, avoids the turbulence of the airflow in the enclosed room caused by the outside airflow, and solves the problem that the outside airflow affects the droplets and aerosols generated by the negative pressure suction chamber to collect personnel.
  • the present invention not only allows people to obtain a reliable protective effect against cross-infection, but also a very comfortable use experience. It is suitable for intensive promotion and use in offices, conference rooms and restaurants, etc., and can be a good solution The cross-infection problem in densely populated areas has good application prospects.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the protective device for harmful bacteria and viruses in the densely populated area of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective device for harmful bacteria and viruses in the densely populated area of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cavity structure of the negative pressure suction cavity in the protective device against harmful bacteria and viruses in the densely populated area of the present invention
  • the reference signs are: 100. Protective device for harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas; 1. Closed room; 2. Door; 3. Air inlet; 4. Exhaust pipe; 5. Negative pressure suction chamber; 51. Gas buffer chamber; 52. Inhalation port; 53, Exhaust port; 6. First sterilization device; 7. Second sterilization device.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a protection method and protective device for harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and to provide people with a comfortable and safe environment space in densely populated areas to prevent Cross infection of germs and viruses.
  • This embodiment provides a method for protecting harmful bacteria and viruses in densely populated areas.
  • the details are as follows: set up a closed room 1 for a single person; set up a door 2, an air inlet 3 and an exhaust pipe 4 in the closed room, and The closed room 1 is provided with a negative pressure suction cavity 5 connected to the exhaust pipe 4; the negative pressure suction cavity 5 is set near the mouth and nose of a person to prevent droplets and aerosols from escaping outside the negative pressure suction cavity, and it is fast Collect droplets and aerosols produced by personnel; install a first sterilization device 6 at the air inlet to filter or kill viruses and harmful germs contained in the inhaled air, and at the same time install a second sterilization device 7 on the exhaust pipe to filter or kill Exhaust viruses and harmful bacteria contained in the air.
  • one person or 2-3 persons with mutual trust in health can also constitute the personnel of the protection unit, and then set up a closed room to protect the personnel of the protection unit.
  • people in the enclosed room need to aim at or as close as possible to the suction port of the negative pressure suction cavity, and the droplets and aerosols produced by the personnel will be stored in the negative pressure suction cavity.
  • the bacteria or viruses entrained in droplets and aerosols will adhere to the inner wall of the negative pressure suction chamber after 1 to 2 seconds without the influence of airflow.
  • This method of protection against harmful bacteria and viruses keeps the living space of personnel and the contaminated space always separated, even in the case of short intervals between use and frequent replacement of users, a safe and hygienic living space can be established, especially It is suitable for use in some special protective places, such as the dining area of high-speed rail trains.
  • An air inlet, an exhaust pipe, a negative pressure airflow, and a second sterilization device prevent droplets and aerosols from escaping to the negative pressure suction cavity, which improves and enhances the protective effect of this protection method.
  • this embodiment provides a protection device 100 for harmful bacteria and viruses in a crowded area based on the above protection method, including a closed room 1 for a single person, and a door 2 provided on the closed room 1 ,
  • the air inlet 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 the closed room 1 is provided with a negative pressure suction cavity 5 connected with the exhaust pipe 4, the negative pressure suction cavity 5 is arranged near the mouth and nose of the person; the air inlet 3
  • a first sterilization device 6 for eliminating viruses and harmful germs contained in the inhaled air is provided, and a second sterilization device 7 for eliminating viruses and harmful germs contained in the exhaust air is provided on the exhaust pipe 4.
  • the door 2, the air inlet 3, the exhaust pipe 4 and the pipe connections of the enclosed room 1 are all provided with corresponding sealing structures, such as adding a sealing strip at the door of the enclosed room, adding a check valve to the exhaust pipe, etc. , To ensure the tightness of the protective device and effectively isolate it from the outside world.
  • the enclosed room 1 is preferably configured as a transparent glass structure, so that a single person has a wide field of vision in the enclosed room, bright and not depressed.
  • blinds, curtains, etc. are arranged inside, which can be opened when needed to improve the privacy of the enclosed room 1.
  • daily necessities such as tables, chairs, and power supplies can be easily configured.
  • the first sterilization device 6 and the second sterilization device 7 can be existing filtering devices that eliminate harmful bacteria and viruses by filtering, high temperature sterilization devices that kill harmful bacteria and viruses through high temperature, or Any of plasma sterilization devices that kill harmful bacteria and viruses by plasma.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity 5 is preferably arranged in front of a person’s mouth and nose, and the airflow in the negative pressure suction cavity is not affected by the airflow outside the enclosed room, which can more quickly and thoroughly remove the airflow generated by the person. Foam and aerosol are sucked away.
  • the negative pressure suction cavity 5 can also be set as a structure that can be adjusted up and down according to requirements, so as to be suitable for people of different heights.
  • the negative pressure suction chamber 5 includes a gas buffer chamber 51, and a negative pressure fan (not shown in the figure) is installed on the exhaust pipe 4; one end of the gas buffer chamber 51 is provided with a suction port 52, An exhaust port 53 is provided at the other end, and the exhaust port 53 is connected to the exhaust pipe 4.
  • This embodiment defines that the cross-sectional area of the fluid at the suction port 52 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the fluid buffer section in the gas buffer chamber 51 and larger than the exhaust pipe.
  • the fluid cross-sectional area at the port 53 because the negative pressure power source is shared by the exhaust pipe 4 and the gas buffer chamber 51, it can be assumed that the airflow is flowing through the suction port 52, the gas buffer chamber 51 and the exhaust port 53 by default.
  • the flow rate is the same when the fluid cross-sectional area is different, which will directly cause the flow velocity of the airflow when passing through the suction port 52, the gas buffer chamber 51 and the exhaust port 53, that is, the fluid flow velocity at the suction port 52 is greater than
  • the fluid flow rate in the gas buffer chamber 51 is less than the fluid flow rate at the exhaust port 53, so that the flow rate buffer effect is obtained after the airflow enters the gas buffer chamber 51, and the wind feeling in the enclosed compartment 1 is reduced.
  • the gas buffer chamber 51 can be a trapezoidal cavity cover, a truncated truncated cavity cover or other structures, and the suction port 52 is provided at the large end of the trapezoidal cavity cover or the truncated truncated cavity cover, and the exhaust port 53 is provided at The small head end of a trapezoidal cavity cover or a truncated truncated cavity cover. As shown in FIG.
  • the gas buffer chamber 51 is preferably a trapezoidal cavity cover with an axisymmetric structure, and a negative pressure fan is used to make the air flow form a negative pressure air flow in the gas buffer chamber 51 to inhale the gas;
  • Both the suction port 52 and the exhaust port 53 are provided with one and both are square ports, and the fluid buffer section is also a square section.
  • the centers of the fluid buffer section, the suction port 52 and the exhaust port 53 are all set in the trapezoidal cavity cover. On the axis, and the fluid buffer section, the suction port 52, and the exhaust port 53 are all perpendicular to the central axis of the trapezoidal cavity cover.
  • the diameter of the suction port 52 (ie, the side length of the square suction port) is set to The caliber of the exhaust port 53 (that is, the side length of the square exhaust port), the fluid buffer section is located between the intake port 52 and the exhaust port 53, so that after the large-diameter intake port 52 amplifies the air flow, the air flow is
  • the buffer chamber 51 is buffered and swirled so that the flow rate of the airflow is greatly reduced before entering the closed room, so that there is no obvious wind feeling in the closed room, more specifically, a breeze feeling, and the people in the closed room are more comfortable.
  • the function of the above-mentioned negative pressure suction cavity 5 is to buffer and collect the strong airflow generated by people coughing and sneezing, and at the same time storing bacteria or viruses in the airflow generated by people coughing and sneezing.
  • the exhaust port of the negative pressure suction cavity 5 is preferably detachably connected to the exhaust pipe 4 through a flexible hose, which facilitates regular disassembly, cleaning and disinfection of the negative pressure suction cavity.
  • the exhaust pipe 4 can be a square hard pipe, and a flexible hose is used to connect the negative pressure suction chamber with the exhaust pipe. The flexibility of the soft pipe can be used to adjust the height and pitch of the negative pressure suction chamber at will. Meet a variety of usage needs.
  • an air purification device and an ultraviolet disinfection lamp can be provided in the enclosed room 1 according to requirements.
  • the air purification device can use the existing filtration and sterilization device to purify the air environment in the enclosed room; the volume of the enclosed room 1 for a single person is generally only 2 cubic meters, and the air is cleaned in the enclosed room after 2 to 3 minutes.
  • a clean and hygienic air environment can be achieved, and the enclosed room is not affected by the outside world, and a clean and hygienic air environment can be maintained.
  • Multiple UV disinfection lamps can be set, and they can be installed on the inner wall or the top wall to sterilize and disinfect the closed room when the closed room is empty, so that the next person can use it normally.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection lamp can be set to an automatic start mode through the prior art, and it can be started automatically after a person walks out of the enclosed room 1, and it will be automatically turned off after a period of disinfection.
  • oxygen production equipment can be installed in the enclosed room 1 according to requirements, such as an existing miniature oxygen generator.
  • the volume of the enclosed room 1 is generally about two cubic meters, and the miniature oxygen generator is sufficient for the space.
  • the effective use of oxygen can be realized without the use of an oxygen mask.
  • the user can turn on the oxygen generator as required to improve the breathing environment in the enclosed room 1 and improve breathing comfort.
  • the negative pressure fan can be turned off according to demand, until the environment in the enclosed room 1 meets the demand for improvement, the oxygen generator is turned off, and the negative pressure fan continues to be turned on at the same time.
  • a number of lifting universal wheels are provided at the bottom of the enclosed room 1, and when it is necessary to move, the wheels are lowered to move. When the enclosed room is in normal use, the wheels are stowed, which is convenient and practical.
  • the universal wheel improves the flexibility of the protective device. Among them, there are preferably four liftable universal wheels, which are distributed in the four corners of the enclosed room 1.
  • the negative pressure fan can also be equipped with an on-off switch and a speed-regulating switch.
  • the on-off switch and the speed-regulating switch are arranged in the enclosed room 1 to facilitate the operation and regulation of personnel in the enclosed room.
  • the protection method and protection device for harmful bacteria and viruses in the densely populated area provided by this embodiment are provided by a closed room for a single person to stay alone, and the air entering the closed room and the air discharged from the closed room have been removed.
  • the bacteria treatment device makes the air entering and exiting the enclosed room safe air, which can provide people with a comfortable and safe environment space in densely populated areas, and prevent cross-infection of germs and viruses.
  • the protective device of the present invention has a reasonable structure, low cost, and is suitable for popularization and use.
  • the present invention not only solves the contradiction problem of large numbers of people and limited space, but also solves the reliability problem of people's isolation and protection by placing people in a small enclosed space that only accommodates one person.
  • the negative pressure inhalation cavity provided by the present invention is located in the closed room and near the mouth and nose. People in the closed room can cough or sneeze directly in the negative pressure inhalation cavity. In this case, people in the closed room The generated aerosols and droplets are in the negative pressure inhalation cavity. The strong airflow of entrained droplets and aerosols produced by coughing and sneezing is buffered in the negative pressure inhalation cavity and is absorbed by the negative pressure airflow. The exhaust pipe is quickly sucked away to prevent splashed droplets and aerosols from coughing and sneezing from spreading to the surroundings.
  • the airflow velocity of droplets and aerosols generated under the conditions of normal breathing and speaking of personnel is not as fast as that of coughing and sneezing.
  • the mouth and nose of personnel can be outside the negative pressure inhalation cavity and away from the negative pressure inhalation cavity.
  • the negative pressure air flow can also quickly inhale the droplets and aerosols produced by the human nose into the negative pressure suction cavity. Therefore, whether it is the strong exhalation airflow generated when coughing or sneezing or the weak exhalation airflow generated by normal speech and breathing, the negative pressure inhalation cavity can make the aerosols and droplets produced by the personnel be quickly sucked and discharged.
  • the closed room prevents aerosols and droplets from staying in the closed room, so that when a person leaves the closed room after using the closed room, the aerosol and droplets produced by the person will not remain in the closed room, so that the next person can continue to be safe Use the enclosed room.
  • the ultraviolet disinfection lamp provided in the present invention can be turned on for disinfection when the enclosed room is empty or after a person leaves, so as to ensure the normal use of the next person.
  • the present invention is equipped with an air purification device in the closed room to purify the air.
  • the volume of the closed room for a single person is generally only 2 cubic meters. After the air is purified for 2 to 3 minutes, a clean and hygienic air environment can be achieved in the closed room. , And the enclosed room is not affected by the outside world, and a clean and hygienic air environment can be maintained.
  • the current air purifiers need to purify the air in the whole room, which takes a long time and high energy consumption, and because the space of the whole room is compared with the single-person space of the present invention, it is difficult to maintain a clean and hygienic air environment.
  • the suction port caliber is larger than the exhaust port caliber, the inner diameter of the cavity at the fluid buffering section is larger than the suction port caliber, and the whole is in a cone structure.
  • the negative pressure fan is used in the gas buffer cavity A negative pressure airflow is formed in the room to inhale the gas. After the large-caliber suction port enlarges the airflow, the airflow is buffered and swirled in the gas buffer chamber, which greatly reduces the airflow velocity, so that there is no obvious wind feeling in the enclosed room, and the personnel in the enclosed room are more comfortable.
  • the respiratory airflow generated by human sneezing, severe coughing, and general relaxation breathing can be trapped or absorbed by the negative pressure suction cavity.
  • the airflow cannot be too strong.
  • the method to improve the effect of collecting the airflow carrying harmful bacteria and viruses is to increase the power of the fan to increase the flow rate and velocity of the negative pressure airflow.
  • such a method or device in a small single enclosed room can make people very uncomfortable.
  • the present invention can allow the personnel in the enclosed room to be in a natural breeze state, and can also quickly absorb the aerosols and droplets generated by the personnel in various breathing states, and can give people a comfortable feeling.
  • the present invention does not need to wear a mask, and the air flow in the closed room is smooth, and the oxygen generator can be opened when needed to improve the breathing environment in the closed room, which solves the problem of long-term wearing Masks are prone to cause discomfort, especially to solve the problem that existing methods cannot protect people when eating and drinking, and at the same time improve breathing comfort.
  • the air inlet and the exhaust pipe are arranged to exchange and flow the air in the enclosed room and the air outside the enclosed room.
  • the enclosed room in the present invention always has external fresh air entering, which can improve the comfort experienced by the people in the enclosed room.
  • the present invention uses the enclosed room to isolate the outside air, avoids the turbulence of the airflow in the enclosed room caused by the outside airflow, and solves the problem that the outside airflow affects the droplets and aerosols generated by the negative pressure suction chamber to collect personnel.
  • the present invention not only allows people to obtain a reliable protective effect against cross-infection, but also a very comfortable use experience. It is suitable for intensive promotion and use in offices, conference rooms and restaurants, etc., and can be a good solution The cross-infection problem in densely populated areas has good application prospects.

Abstract

一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置，属于病菌及病毒防护技术领域。防护方法是单人进入供单人使用的封闭间(1)实行交叉感染防护。防护装置包括单人独处的封闭间(1)，封闭间(1)上设置有门(2)、进气口(3)和排气管(4)，封闭间(1)内设置有与排气管(4)连接的负压吸气腔(5)，进气口(3)处设置有第一除菌装置(6)，排气管(4)上设置有第二除菌装置(7)。通过设置供单人独处的封闭间(1)，且进入封闭间(1)的空气和排出封闭间(1)的空气都经过了除菌装置处理，使得进入封闭间(1)的空气和排出封闭间(1)的空气都是安全的，能够在人员密集区为人们提供一个舒适安全的环境空间，防止病菌及病毒交叉感染。且防护装置结构合理，成本低，防护装置及方法适于推广使用。

Description

人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置 技术领域
本发明涉及病菌及病毒防护技术领域，特别是涉及一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置。
背景技术
在医学很发达的今天，流行性病毒、病菌仍然严重威胁着人类的健康。目前，流行性病毒，比如流感病毒、新冠病毒等多是通过患者咳嗽、喷嚏及言语中的口腔飞沫来传播。人们常会在开敞餐饮区、集体办公区、火车站、飞机场、医院、商场等人员密集区休闲或工作。在人员密集区由于携带有害病菌、病毒的人在大声说话、咳嗽、喷嚏等情况下会使周围空气中携带有病毒、病菌，若不及时地处理这些带病毒及病菌的气溶胶及飞沫，会造成交叉感染的问题。
为了防止交叉感染，人们通常采用佩戴口罩的方式进行防护。由于在人员密集区吃饭、喝水时不得不摘除口罩，所以就餐期间口罩无法实现防护效果。特别是一些特殊的场所比如高铁列车的就餐区，虽然可以通过以现有技术进行空气消毒处理后的单人就餐密闭间来解决防止交叉感染的问题，但不同的人高频次使用会产生交叉感染、风噪不舒适等问题，这是现有技术所不能解决。在高铁就餐区内的同一个餐位，上一个人使用后2～3秒可能就会有下一位使用，如果采用过滤的方式对空气进行消毒或灭菌，在如此短的时间内换气产生的风噪是就餐人员无法接受的；而如果采用消毒喷雾剂对空气进行消毒或灭菌，在如此短的时间内无法消除消毒剂对就餐环境的影响；如果采用等离子或紫外线对空气进行消毒或灭菌，在如此短的时间内无法对空气进行有效消毒或灭菌。在诸如此类的特殊场所现行的通过消毒或灭菌方式实施的防止交叉感染方法均无法解决就餐人员的防止交叉感染的问题。
此外，长时间戴口罩会给人造成不舒适感，尤其打喷嚏产生的飞沫会粘附在口罩内表面，带来极度不适，且口罩在佩戴过程中由于拉伸、揉搓自身过滤的效果受影响，其性能也会随着使用时间延长而降低，不足以达 到完全阻断传染的效果。
综上所述，如何营造一个舒适的安全空间，使其能够在公共密集区也能够有效避免病毒及病菌的交叉感染，是本发明亟待解决的一个技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，并能够在人员密集区为提供一个舒适安全的环境空间，防止病菌及病毒交叉感染。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法：设置供单人独处的封闭间；在所述封闭间设置门、进气口和排气管，并在所述封闭间内设置与所述排气管连接的负压吸气腔；所述负压吸气腔设置在人的口鼻附近，以阻止飞沫和气溶胶向所述负压吸气腔外逃逸，快速收集人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶；在所述进气口设置第一除菌装置过滤或杀灭吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌，同时在所述排气管设置第二除菌装置过滤或杀灭排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌。
同时，本发明提出一种基于上述防护方法的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，包括单人独处的封闭间，所述封闭间上设置有门、进气口和排气管，所述封闭间内设置有与所述排气管连接的负压吸气腔，所述负压吸气腔设置在人的口鼻附近；所述进气口处设置有用于消除吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第一除菌装置，所述排气管上设置有用于消除排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第二除菌装置。
可选的，所述第一除菌装置和所述第二除菌装置为通过过滤方式消除有害细菌及病毒的过滤装置、通过高温杀灭有害细菌及病毒的高温除菌装置或通过等离子杀灭有害细菌及病毒的等离子除菌装置。
可选的，所述负压吸气腔位于人的口鼻前方。或者所述负压吸气腔包围在人的头部外，即所述负压吸气腔可以位于人头部的外周，比如位于人头部的左侧、右侧、前侧或后侧，实际使用时，再由人调整自身方向，直至口鼻位于所述负压吸气腔的前方即可。
可选的，所述负压吸气腔为气体缓冲腔室，所述气体缓冲腔室用于收 纳飞沫和/或气溶胶，并阻止飞沫和/或气溶胶向所述气体缓冲腔室外逃逸；所述气体缓冲腔室的一端开设吸气口、另一端开设排气口，所述排气口连接所述排气管，所述排气管上安装用于提供负压气流的负压动力源。所述气体缓冲腔室内具有流体缓冲截面，经所述吸气口的流体截面积小于经所述流体缓冲截面的流体截面积，且经所述吸气口的流体截面积大于经所述排气口的流体截面积，由于负压动力源为排气管和气体缓冲腔室共同使用，所以气流在流经所述吸气口、所述气体缓冲腔室内的流体缓冲截面和所述排气口时的流量始终是相同的，而流体截面积的不同将直接导致气流在流经所述吸气口、所述气体缓冲腔室和所述排气口时的流速的不同，即所述吸气口处流体流速小于所述排气口处的流体流速、但大于所述气体缓冲腔室内的流体流速，所述气体缓冲腔室内的流体流速相对最小，从而使气流在进入气体缓冲腔室后流速得到缓冲，降低所述封闭间内的风感。其中，流体缓冲截面的外边缘为一封闭环状边缘，且该封闭环状边缘的各点均位于所述气体缓冲腔室的内腔壁上，流体缓冲截面位于所述吸气口和所述排气口之间，且流体缓冲截面可以是所述气体缓冲腔室内任意面积大小的一截面；流体缓冲截面可以是气体缓冲腔室的垂直横截面，也可以与所述气体缓冲腔室的轴线之间存在夹角；同理，所述吸气口所在截面、所述排气口所在截面和所述流体缓冲截面之间可以完全不平行，也可以不完全平行。所述封闭间内人员打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时需对准或尽量靠近所述气体缓冲腔室的吸气口，这样人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶便会收纳在负压吸气腔的腔室内，夹带在飞沫和气溶胶中的细菌或病毒吸附在腔室内壁，实现封闭间内人员及安全生活区域与腔室内病菌之间的隔离，定期对气体缓冲腔室内消毒即可。在封闭间内有人员使用时，负压动力源一般保持开启状态，使得飞沫和气溶胶在负压作用下更容易进入气体缓冲腔室，提高病菌与人员的隔离效率和隔离效果。
可选的，所述吸气口和所述排气口可分别设置一个，也可分别设置多个；当所述吸气口和所述排气口分别设置一个时，为了实现上述缓冲效果，可将所述吸气口的口径设置为大于所述排气口的口径、且所述吸气口的口径小于所述流体缓冲截面处的腔室内径，以确保所述吸气口的面积大于所述排气口的面积、且所述吸气口的面积小于所述流体缓冲截面的截面积， 进而满足上述吸气口、气体缓冲腔室和排气口处流体截面积的关系；同理，当所述吸气口和所述排气口分别设置两个以上时，不论气口形状为何、分布方式为何，满足如下关系可实现上述缓冲效果：各所述吸气口的面积之和大于各所述排气口的面积之和、且各所述吸气口的面积之和小于所述流体缓冲截面的截面积。
可选的，为了提高装置的结构紧凑性，可将负压风机安装于封闭间的顶部。
可选的，所述负压吸气腔与所述排气管可拆卸连接，便于定期将负压吸气腔拆卸、清理并消毒。
可选的，所述排气管可选用方形硬质管，采用柔性软管将负压吸气腔与排气管连接，可以利用软质管的柔性对负压吸气腔的高低位置以及俯仰姿态进行随意调节，满足多种使用需求。
可选的，所述封闭间内设置有空气净化装置、紫外消毒灯和/或制氧设备；所述空气净化装置用于净化所述封闭间内的空气环境；所述紫外消毒灯用于在所述封闭间空置时对所述封闭间杀菌消毒，以便下一个人正常使用；所述制氧设备用于改善所述封闭间内的呼吸环境。
可选的，所述封闭间的底部设置有若干可升降万向轮，需要移动时，将轮子放下，封闭间正常使用时，将轮子收起。
可选的，所述负压动力源为负压风机，所述负压风机配置有启闭开关和/或调速开关，所述启闭开关和/或所述调速开关设置于所述封闭间内，方便密闭间内人员的操作与调控。
可选的，所述气体缓冲腔室为梯形腔罩体或圆台形腔罩体，且所述吸气口设置于所述梯形腔罩体或所述圆台形腔罩体的大头端，所述排气口设置于所述梯形腔罩体或所述圆台形腔罩体的小头端。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：
本发明提供的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置，通过设置供单人独处的封闭间，且进入封闭间的空气和排出封闭间的空气都经过了除菌装置处理，使得进入封闭间的空气和排出封闭间的空气都是安全的空气，能够在人员密集区为人们提供一个舒适安全的环境空间，防止病菌及病毒交叉感染。且本发明的防护装置结构合理，成本低，适于推 广使用。
本发明的具体有益效果如下：
(一)本发明通过将人员放置在仅容纳1人的狭小的封闭空间内，既解决了人员众多与场所面积有限的矛盾问题，又解决了人们隔离防护的可靠性问题。
(二)本发明设置的负压吸气腔位于封闭间内，且位于口鼻附近，封闭间内的人可以向负压吸气腔内咳嗽、打喷嚏，这种情况下封闭间内人员产生的气溶胶及飞沫是处在负压吸气腔内的，由于咳嗽、打喷嚏产生的夹带飞沫及气溶胶的强气流在负压吸气腔内缓冲并在负压气流作用下被排气管快速吸走，从而避免咳嗽、打喷嚏等喷溅的飞沫及气溶胶向周围扩散。在人员正常呼吸、说话等情况下产生的飞沫及气溶胶的气流速度不像咳嗽、打喷嚏时那样快，人员的口鼻可以处在负压吸气腔外、离负压吸气腔的吸气口较近的位置，这时负压气流同样能将人口鼻产生的飞沫及气溶胶快速吸入负压吸气腔。因此，不管是在咳嗽、打喷嚏时产生的呼气强气流或正常说话、呼吸产生的呼气弱气流，负压吸气腔都能使得人员产出的气溶胶及飞沫被快速吸走排出封闭间，避免了气溶胶及飞沫在封闭间内停留，使得当一个人使用完封闭间离开后，封闭间内不会残留该人员产生的气溶胶和飞沫，使下一个人可以继续安全的使用该封闭间。
(三)本发明设置的紫外消毒灯，能够在封闭间空置时或人离开之后开启消毒，以确保下一个人员的正常使用。同时，本发明在封闭间内设置空气净化装置能净化空气，供单人独处的封闭间体积一般只有2个立方，空气通过净化2～3分钟后封闭间内就能达到干净、卫生的空气环境，而且封闭间内不受外界影响，干净卫生的空气环境能得到保持。而现在的空气净化器要对整体房间内的空气进行净化，耗时长、能耗高，而且由于整体房间空间较本发明的单人空间大，干净卫生的空气环境很难保持。
(四)本发明的负压吸气腔，吸气口口径大于排气口口径，流体缓冲截面处的腔体内径大于吸气口口径且整体呈锥体结构，通过负压风机在气体缓冲腔室内形成负压气流，将气体吸入。大口径的吸气口放大气流流量后，气流在气体缓冲腔室内缓冲、回旋，使得气流流速大大降低，使封闭间内没有明显的风感，封闭间内的人员更舒适。此外，通过负压和缓冲的 双重作用，使人体打喷嚏、巨烈咳嗽、一般缓和呼吸等产生的呼吸气流都能被负压吸气腔兜住或吸附。在狭小的密闭环境内，气流不能太强，在弱气流情况下通过在口鼻附近设置负压吸气腔，防止呼吸气流逃逸出负压吸气腔就显得很重要。传统技术中提高收集携带有害病菌、病毒气流效果的方法是增加风机的功率，来提高负压气流的流量、流速，但在狭小的单人封闭间这样的方法或装置会让人非常难受。相比现有技术本发明能让封闭间内的人员处在自然的微风状态下也可快速地吸走人员在多种呼吸状态下产生的气溶胶及飞沫，且能给人舒适的感觉，从而能在人员密集区广泛推广使用。
(五)本发明在单人独处的封闭间内，人员不必戴口罩，且封闭间内气流通畅，还可在需要时打开制氧设备，改善封闭间内的呼吸环境，既解决了长时间佩戴口罩容易造成不舒适的问题，特别解决了人们吃饭、喝水时现有方法无法防护的问题，同时又提高了呼吸舒适性。
(六)本发明设置进气口和排气管使封闭间内的空气与封闭间外的空气进行交换、流动。相对于采用“内、内空气循环”的空调、空气净化器等而言，本发明中的封闭间内时刻有外部新风进入，能提高封闭间内人员体验的舒适感，即使人们在封闭间内烧开水、烫火锅、煮茶等均不会产生不舒适感。
(七)本发明利用封闭间将外界空气隔离，避免了外界气流造成封闭间内的气流紊乱，解决了外界气流影响负压吸气腔收集人员产生的飞沫及气溶胶的问题。
(八)本发明既能让人们获得可靠的防交叉感染的防护效果，又能够获得很舒适的使用体验感，适用于在办公室、会议室及餐厅等人员密集地推广使用，能很好的解决人员密集区的交叉感染问题，应用前景好。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置的整体结构 示意图；
图2为本发明人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置的内部结构示意图；
图3为本发明人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置中负压吸气腔的腔体结构示意图；
其中，附图标记为：100、人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置；1、封闭间；2、门；3、进气口；4、排气管；5、负压吸气腔；51、气体缓冲腔室；52、吸气口；53、排气口；6、第一除菌装置；7、第二除菌装置。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，并能够在人员密集区为人们提供一个舒适安全的环境空间，防止病菌及病毒交叉感染。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法，具体如下：设置供单人独处的封闭间1；在封闭间设置门2、进气口3和排气管4，并在封闭间1内设置与排气管4连接的负压吸气腔5；将负压吸气腔5设置在人的口鼻附近，以阻止飞沫和气溶胶向负压吸气腔外逃逸，快速收集人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶；在进气口设置第一除菌装置6过滤或杀灭吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌，同时在排气管设置第二除菌装置7过滤或杀灭排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌。实际操作中，也可以由一人或健康状况互信的2-3人构成防护单元人员，再设立封闭间对防护单元人员进行防护。所述封闭间内人员打喷嚏、咳嗽或说话时需对准或尽量靠近所 述负压吸气腔的吸气口，人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶便会收纳在负压吸气腔的腔室内，且在无气流影响的情况下1～2秒后夹带在飞沫和气溶胶中的细菌或病毒就会附着在负压吸气腔的腔室内壁。这种对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法使人员的生活空间与污染空间总是保持分隔状态，即使在使用间隔时间很短、使用人员更换频繁的情况下也能建立安全、卫生的生活空间，特别适合在一些特殊防护场所使用，比如高铁列车的就餐区。通过设置进气口、排气管、负压气流、第二除菌装置阻止飞沫和气溶胶向所述负压吸气腔外逃逸，完善并增强了这种防护方法的防护效果。
如图1-3所示，本实施例提供一种基于上述防护方法的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置100，包括供单人独处的封闭间1，封闭间1上设置有门2、进气口3和排气管4，封闭间1内设置有与排气管4连接的负压吸气腔5，负压吸气腔5设置在人的口鼻附近；进气口3处设置有用于消除吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第一除菌装置6，排气管4上设置有用于消除排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第二除菌装置7。其中，封闭间1的门2、进气口3、排气管4及各管路连接处均设置有对应的密封结构，如在封闭间门处加密封条、排气管加止逆阀等等，以确保防护装置的密封性，与外界进行有效隔离。
于本实施例中，封闭间1优选设置为透明玻璃结构，使得单人在封闭间内视野宽阔、敞亮不憋闷。并在内部配置百叶窗、窗帘等，在需要时开启，以提高封闭间1的私密性。封闭间1内可以简单配置桌椅、电源等生活用品。
于本实施例中，第一除菌装置6和第二除菌装置7可以为现有的通过过滤方式消除有害细菌及病毒的过滤装置、通过高温杀灭有害细菌及病毒的高温除菌装置或通过等离子杀灭有害细菌及病毒的等离子除菌装置中的任意一种。
于本实施例中，负压吸气腔5优选设置于人的口鼻前方，负压吸气腔内的气流不受封闭间外的气流影响，能更快速、更彻底地将人员产生的飞沫、气溶胶吸走。其中，负压吸气腔5也可以根据需求将其设置为可升降调节的结构，以适用不同身高的人群。
于本实施例中，负压吸气腔5包括气体缓冲腔室51，负压风机(图 中未示出)安装于排气管4上；气体缓冲腔室51的一端设置吸气口52、另一端设置排气口53，排气口53连接排气管4，本实施例限定吸气口52处的流体截面积小于气体缓冲腔室51内的流体缓冲截面的截面积、且大于排气口53处的流体截面积，由于负压动力源为排气管4和气体缓冲腔室51所共同使用，所以可以默认气流在流经吸气口52、气体缓冲腔室51和排气口53时的流量是相同的，根据流体截面积的不同将直接导致气流在流经吸气口52、气体缓冲腔室51和排气口53时的流速的不同，即吸气口52处流体流速大于气体缓冲腔室51内的流体流速、且小于排气口53处的流体流速，进而实现气流在进入气体缓冲腔室51后便得到流速缓冲的效果，降低封闭间1内的风感。其中，气体缓冲腔室51可以为梯形腔罩体、圆台形腔罩体或其他结构，且吸气口52设置于梯形腔罩体或圆台形腔罩体的大头端，排气口53设置于梯形腔罩体或圆台形腔罩体的小头端。如图3所示，本实施例优选将气体缓冲腔室51优选为梯形腔罩体，为轴对称结构，通过负压风机使气流在气体缓冲腔室51内形成负压气流，将气体吸入；吸气口52和排气口53均设置一个且均为正方形气口，流体缓冲截面也为正方形截面，流体缓冲截面、吸气口52和排气口53的中心均设置于梯形腔罩体的中轴线上，且流体缓冲截面、吸气口52和排气口53均垂直于梯形腔罩体的中轴线，此处将吸气口52的口径(即正方形吸气口的边长)设置为大于排气口53的口径(即正方形排气口的边长)，流体缓冲截面位于吸气口52和排气口53之间，从而，大口径的吸气口52放大气流流量后，气流在气体缓冲腔室51内缓冲、回旋，使得气流流速大大降低后再进入封闭间，使封闭间内没有明显的风感，更确切地说是一种微风感，封闭间内的人员更舒适。通过负压和缓冲的双重作用，使人体打喷嚏、巨烈咳嗽、一般缓和呼吸等产生的呼吸气流都能被负压吸气腔兜住或吸附。在狭小的密闭环境内，气流不能太强，在弱气流情况下通过在口鼻附近设置负压吸气腔，防止呼吸气流逃逸出负压吸气腔就显得很重要。上述负压吸气腔5的作用是：对人们咳嗽、打喷嚏产生的强气流进行缓冲并收集，同时对人们咳嗽、打喷嚏时产生气流中的细菌或病毒等进行收纳。
于本实施例中，负压吸气腔5的排气口优选通过柔性软管与排气管4 可拆卸连接，便于定期将负压吸气腔拆卸、清理并消毒。排气管4可选用方形硬质管，采用柔性软管将负压吸气腔与排气管连接，可以利用软质管的柔性对负压吸气腔的高低位置以及俯仰姿态进行随意调节，满足多种使用需求。
于本实施例中，封闭间1内可根据需求设置空气净化装置和紫外消毒灯。空气净化装置可采用现有过滤除菌装置，用于净化封闭间内的空气环境；供单人独处的封闭间1的体积一般只有2个立方，空气通过净化2～3分钟后封闭间内就能达到干净、卫生的空气环境，而且封闭间内不受外界影响，干净卫生的空气环境能得到保持。紫外消毒灯可以设置多个，可以安装在内壁或顶壁，用于在封闭间空置时对封闭间杀菌消毒，以便下一个人正常使用。紫外消毒灯可以通过现有技术设置为自动启动模式，在人走出封闭间1后便可自动启动，消毒一段时间后自动关闭。
于本实施例中，封闭间1内可根据需求设置制氧设备，比如一种现有的微型制氧机，封闭间1的体积一般在两个立方左右，微型制氧机足以满足该空间内的氧气需求，在封闭间内无需使用氧气罩就能实现氧气的有效使用。在封闭间1使用一段时间后，使用者可以根据需求将制氧设备打开，以改善封闭间1内的呼吸环境，提高呼吸舒适度。另外，在制氧设备启动时，可以根据需求关闭负压风机，直至封闭间1内环境达到改善需求后，将制氧设备关闭，同时继续开启负压风机。
于本实施例中，封闭间1的底部设置有若干可升降万向轮，需要移动时，将轮子放下进行移动。封闭间正常使用时，将轮子收起，方便、实用，万向轮提高了防护装置的使用灵活性。其中，可升降万向轮优选设置为四个，分布在封闭间1的四角。
于本实施例中，负压风机还可配置有启闭开关和调速开关，启闭开关和调速开关设置于封闭间1内，方便密闭间内人员的操作与调控。
由此可见，本实施例提供的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法及防护装置，通过设置供单人独处的封闭间，且进入封闭间的空气和排出封闭间的空气都经过了除菌装置处理，使得进入封闭间的空气和排出封闭间的空气都是安全的空气，能够在人员密集区为人们提供一个舒适安全的环境空间，防止病菌及病毒交叉感染。且本发明的防护装置结构合理，成 本低，适于推广使用。
本实施例的具体有益效果如下：
(一)本发明通过将人员放置在仅容纳1人的狭小的封闭空间内，既解决了人员众多与场所面积有限的矛盾问题，又解决了人们隔离防护的可靠性问题。
(二)本发明设置的负压吸气腔位于封闭间内，且位于口鼻附近，封闭间内的人可以直接在负压吸气腔内咳嗽、打喷嚏，这种情况下封闭间内人员产生的气溶胶及飞沫是处在负压吸气腔内的，由于咳嗽、打喷嚏产生的夹带飞沫及气溶胶的强气流在负压吸气腔内缓冲并在负压气流作用下被排气管快速吸走，从而避免咳嗽、打喷嚏等喷溅的飞沫及气溶胶向周围扩散。在人员正常呼吸、说话等情况下产生的飞沫及气溶胶的气流速度不像咳嗽、打喷嚏时那样快，人员的口鼻可以处在负压吸气腔外、离负压吸气腔的吸气口较近的位置，这时负压气流同样能将人口鼻产生的飞沫及气溶胶快速吸入负压吸气腔。因此，不管是在咳嗽、打喷嚏时产生的呼气强气流或正常说话、呼吸产生的呼气弱气流，负压吸气腔都能使得人员产出的气溶胶及飞沫被快速吸走排出封闭间，避免了气溶胶及飞沫在封闭间内停留，使得当一个人使用完封闭间离开后，封闭间内不会残留该人员产生的气溶胶和飞沫，使下一个人可以继续安全的使用该封闭间。
(三)本发明设置的紫外消毒灯，能够在封闭间空置时或人离开之后开启消毒，以确保下一个人员的正常使用。同时，本发明在封闭间内设置空气净化装置能净化空气，供单人独处的封闭间体积一般只有2个立方，空气通过净化2～3分钟后封闭间内就能达到干净、卫生的空气环境，而且封闭间内不受外界影响，干净卫生的空气环境能得到保持。而现在的空气净化器要对整体房间内的空气进行净化，耗时长、能耗高，而且由于整体房间空间较本发明的单人空间，干净卫生的空气环境很难保持。
(四)本发明的负压吸气腔，吸气口口径大于排气口口径，流体缓冲截面处的腔体内径大于吸气口口径且整体呈锥体结构，通过负压风机在气体缓冲腔室内形成负压气流，将气体吸入。大口径的吸气口放大气流流量后，气流在气体缓冲腔室内缓冲、回旋，使得气流流速大大降低，使封闭间内没有明显的风感，封闭间内的人员更舒适。此外，通过负压和缓冲的 双重作用，使人体打喷嚏、巨烈咳嗽、一般缓和呼吸等产生的呼吸气流都能被负压吸气腔兜住或吸附。在狭小的密闭环境内，气流不能太强，在弱气流情况下通过在口鼻附近设置负压吸气腔，防止呼吸气流逃逸出负压吸气腔就显得很重要。传统技术中提高收集携带有害病菌、病毒气流效果的方法是增加风机的功率，来提高负压气流的流量、流速，但在狭小的单人封闭间这样的方法或装置会让人非常难受。相比现有技术本发明能让封闭间内的人员处在自然的微风状态下也可快速地吸走人员在多种呼吸状态下产生的气溶胶及飞沫，且能给人舒适的感觉。
(五)本发明在单人独处的封闭间内，人员不必戴口罩，且封闭间内气流通畅，还可在需要时打开制氧设备，改善封闭间内的呼吸环境，既解决了长时间佩戴口罩容易造成不舒适的问题，特别解决了人们吃饭、喝水时现有方法无法防护的问题，同时又提高了呼吸舒适性。
(六)本发明设置进气口和排气管使封闭间内的空气与封闭间外的空气进行交换、流动。相对于采用“内、内空气循环”的空调、空气净化器等而言，本发明中的封闭间内时刻有外部新风进入，能提高封闭间内人员体验的舒适感。
(七)本发明利用封闭间将外界空气隔离，避免了外界气流造成封闭间内的气流紊乱，解决了外界气流影响负压吸气腔收集人员产生的飞沫及气溶胶的问题。
(八)本发明既能让人们获得可靠的防交叉感染的防护效果，又能够获得很舒适的使用体验感，适用于在办公室、会议室及餐厅等人员密集地推广使用，能很好的解决人员密集区的交叉感染问题，应用前景好。
需要说明的是，对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内，不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以 上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (15)

  1. 人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法，其特征在于：设置供单人独处的封闭间，给封闭间设置门、进气口和排气管，在封闭间内设置与排气管连接的负压吸气腔，并将负压吸气腔置于人的口鼻附近，以阻止飞沫和气溶胶向负压吸气腔外逃逸，快速收集人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶；设置除菌装置过滤或杀灭进气口吸入的空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌，以及设置除菌装置过滤或杀灭排气管排出的空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌。
  2. 人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：包括单人独处的封闭间，所述封闭间上设置有门、进气口和排气管，封闭间内设置有与排气管连接的负压吸气腔，所述负压吸气腔位于人的口鼻附近；所述人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置还包括用于消除进气口吸入的空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第一除菌装置和用于消除排气管排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第二除菌装置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压吸气腔位于人的口鼻前方，或者所述负压吸气腔包围在人的头部外。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述第一除菌装置和第二除菌装置为采用过滤的方式消除有害细菌及病毒的过滤装置，或者所述第一除菌装置和第二除菌装置为通过高温杀灭有害细菌及病毒的高温除菌装置，或者所述第一除菌装置和第二除菌装置为通过等离子杀灭有害细菌及病毒的等离子除菌装置。
  5. 一种人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护方法，其特征在于：设置供单人独处的封闭间；在所述封闭间设置门、进气口和排气管，并在所述封闭间内设置与所述排气管连接的负压吸气腔；将所述负压吸气腔设置在人的口鼻附近，以阻止飞沫和气溶胶向所述负压吸气腔外逃逸，快速收集人员产生的飞沫和气溶胶；在所述进气口设置第一除菌装置过滤或杀灭吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌，同时在所述排气管设置第二除菌装置过滤或杀灭排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌。
  6. 一种基于权利要求5所述防护方法的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：包括单人独处的封闭间，所述封闭间上设置 有门、进气口和排气管，所述封闭间内设置有与所述排气管连接的负压吸气腔，所述负压吸气腔设置在人的口鼻附近；所述进气口处设置有用于消除吸入空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第一除菌装置，所述排气管上设置有用于消除排出空气中含有的病毒及有害病菌的第二除菌装置。
  7. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述第一除菌装置和所述第二除菌装置为通过过滤方式消除有害细菌及病毒的过滤装置、通过高温杀灭有害细菌及病毒的高温除菌装置或通过等离子杀灭有害细菌及病毒的等离子除菌装置。
  8. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压吸气腔位于人的口鼻前方。
  9. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压吸气腔为气体缓冲腔室，所述气体缓冲腔室用于收纳飞沫和/或气溶胶，并阻止飞沫和/或气溶胶向所述气体缓冲腔室外逃逸；所述气体缓冲腔室的一端开设吸气口、另一端开设排气口，所述排气口连接所述排气管，所述排气管上安装用于产生负压气流的负压动力源；所述气体缓冲腔室内具有流体缓冲截面，经所述吸气口的流体截面积小于经所述流体缓冲截面的流体截面积，且经所述吸气口的流体截面积大于经所述排气口的流体截面积，以实现气流缓冲，降低所述封闭间内的风感。
  10. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压吸气腔与所述排气管可拆卸连接。
  11. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压吸气腔通过柔性软管与所述排气管可拆卸连接。
  12. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述封闭间内设置有空气净化装置、紫外消毒灯和/或制氧设备；所述空气净化装置用于净化所述封闭间内的空气环境；所述紫外消毒灯用于在所述封闭间空置时对所述封闭间杀菌消毒；所述制氧设备用于改善所述封闭间内的呼吸环境。
  13. 根据权利要求2或6所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护 装置，其特征在于：所述封闭间的底部设置有若干可升降万向轮。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述负压动力源为负压风机；所述负压风机配置有启闭开关和/或调速开关，所述启闭开关和/或所述调速开关设置于所述封闭间内。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的人员密集区对有害细菌及病毒的防护装置，其特征在于：所述气体缓冲腔室为梯形腔罩体或圆台形腔罩体，且所述吸气口设置于所述梯形腔罩体或所述圆台形腔罩体的大头端，所述排气口设置于所述梯形腔罩体或所述圆台形腔罩体的小头端。
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