WO2021179814A1 - 一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法 - Google Patents

一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法 Download PDF

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WO2021179814A1
WO2021179814A1 PCT/CN2021/073693 CN2021073693W WO2021179814A1 WO 2021179814 A1 WO2021179814 A1 WO 2021179814A1 CN 2021073693 W CN2021073693 W CN 2021073693W WO 2021179814 A1 WO2021179814 A1 WO 2021179814A1
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ore
barite
tailings
fluorite
calcite
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PCT/CN2021/073693
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French (fr)
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曾小波
杨耀辉
严伟平
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中国地质科学院矿产综合利用研究所
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Priority to US17/595,853 priority Critical patent/US11478801B2/en
Publication of WO2021179814A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021179814A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/08Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
    • B03D1/082Subsequent treatment of concentrated product of the froth product, e.g. washing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/08Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
    • B03D1/087Subsequent treatment of concentrated product of the sediment, e.g. regrinding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
    • B03D2203/02Ores

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of beneficiation of fluorite and barite symbiosis ore, in particular to a method for separating low-grade fluorite and barite symbiosis ore rich in calcite.
  • Fluorite is a strategically significant non-metallic mineral resource, and its application fields cover traditional and emerging industries such as metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, ceramics, aviation, refrigeration, medicine, atomic energy industry, fluorine chemical industry and so on. Europe, the United States and China have listed it as an important strategic mineral resource, and a variety of protective measures have been adopted for its development and utilization.
  • hydrofluoric acid the chemical industry needs high-grade fluorite concentrate, generally above acid grade, that is, CaF 2 ⁇ 97%).
  • Fluorochemical products are one of the basic materials necessary for the high-tech industry.
  • Hydrofluoric acid is the starting point of the fluorine chemical industry chain, and fluorite is the most economical and most critical mineral raw material for the production of hydrofluoric acid.
  • China's fluorspar import volume reached 51. 10,000 tons (mainly acid grade fluorite concentrate with CaF 2 ⁇ 97%), surpassing export volume for the first time and becoming a net importer.
  • Barite is also a very important non-metallic mineral resource. Its most prominent physical property is its high specific gravity, ranging from 4.3 to 4.7. In addition, barite has stable chemical properties, is insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, and is non-magnetic and toxic. Barite is mainly used as a weighting agent for drilling mud, accounting for 50% of its consumption; as a raw material, it can also be used to produce chemical raw materials such as barium oxide, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, precipitated barium sulfate, and barium hydroxide. .
  • barite powder filler can increase the thickness, strength and durability of the paint film; in the paper industry, rubber and plastic industries, using barite as a filler can improve the hardness, wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber and plastics sex.
  • Fluorite and barite symbiosis mines are widely distributed in Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Shandong, Hunan and other regions of China. They are characterized by: 1rich reserves and huge resource potential; 2concentrated distribution and good development conditions; 3low grade of fluorite, general CaF 2 is below 25%; 4
  • the ore also contains alkaline earth metal salt minerals such as barite and calcite, and the content of calcite is generally above 5%, the sum of the three contents of fluorite, barite and calcite More than 90%.
  • the cationic particles on the surface of these minerals are all Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , and Ba 2+ ions. The crystal properties and physical and chemical properties are similar. During the flotation process, they interfere with each other and have similar floatability. The separation between minerals is very difficult.
  • the development and utilization of this kind of resources have generally been concentrated in middle-rich ores with a fluorite content of more than 40%, and the recovery of fluorite is the main one.
  • Most of the barite minerals in the ore are piled up as tailings.
  • the beneficiation methods used for the recovery of fluorite minerals are mainly hand selection and flotation.
  • the first choice is to sell lump ore containing more than 60% CaF 2 to the metallurgical industry as a flux. The remaining fine ore can obtain fluorite concentrate containing about 94% CaF 2 through flotation, and the flotation process used is generally The "mixed flotation-separation flotation" process of two rough selections, three sweeps, and seven selections.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for separating low-grade fluorite-barite intergrowth ore rich in calcite, so as to obtain high-quality acid-grade fluorite concentrate and barite concentrate, and float Select the effect that the water can be recycled.
  • a method for separating low-grade fluorite barite intergrowth ore rich in calcite characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • the use of the jig-gravity separation to pre-select the barite with good crystallinity can greatly reduce the subsequent operation pressure of inhibiting the floating fluorite from the barite, and achieve the improvement of the fluorite concentrate grade and The effect of significantly reducing the dosage of the inhibitor and the cost of the medicament; using the color sorting to select calcite, greatly reducing the influence of calcite on the flotation of fluorite, ensuring that the content of CaF 2 in the fluorite concentrate is ⁇ 98% effect.
  • this method is suitable for common low-grade fluorite and barite intergrowth mines in China, that is, the weight percentage of calcite is greater than 5%, the weight percentage of fluorite is less than 25%, and the sum of the weight percentages of barite, fluorite and calcite More than 90%; if the weight percentage of calcite in the symbiotic ore is less than 5% and the weight percentage of fluorite is greater than 25%, the present invention can obtain a higher-quality fluorite concentrate.
  • the jig-gravity separation, flotation and chute re-selection all include steps of filtration and separation, and the beneficiation water obtained by the filtration and separation can be returned to steps S3 to S4 and/or steps S6 to S7 To recycle.
  • the particle size of the fine-grained ore is ⁇ 1 mm.
  • the particle size of the crushed ore is ⁇ 20 mm.
  • the coarse-grained ore has a particle size> 8 mm.
  • the particle size of the crushed ore is ⁇ 15 mm.
  • the coarse-grained ore has a particle size> 5 mm.
  • the jigging reselection includes the following steps:
  • the water content of the jig tailings is less than 5%, and then color sorting is performed.
  • the methods for controlling the water content of the jig tailings include, but are not limited to, draining, drying and air drying.
  • the moisture content of the jig tailings can be reduced, and the color separation effect can be improved.
  • the weight percentage of the minerals with a particle size ⁇ 0.074 mm in the floating material is 75%-85%.
  • the content of minerals with a particle size of ⁇ 0.074mm is limited. On the one hand, it can prevent it from being effectively dissociated due to the low content, thereby affecting the grade of the fluorite concentrate, and on the other hand, it can prevent it from being Too high content causes over-grinding of the ore, thereby affecting the recovery rate of the fluorite concentrate and increasing energy consumption.
  • the flotation includes at least two rough selections and at least five fine selections.
  • an inhibitor is added to the flotation; the inhibitor includes acidified water glass, fulvic acid and sodium naphthalenesulfonate; the collector of the flotation can be based on the prior art Choose, mostly oleic acid or sodium oleate, which are common on the market.
  • the acidified water glass, fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate can selectively inhibit barite, calcite and a small amount of silicate minerals through a synergistic effect.
  • the present invention only needs 3 to 5 times of selection to obtain high-quality acid-grade fluorite concentrate with CaF 2 content ⁇ 98%, achieving the effect of improving the flotation efficiency; wherein, the acidified water glass is effective for Calcite and silicate minerals have an inhibitory effect.
  • the fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate have an inhibitory effect on barite.
  • the mass ratio of the acidified water glass, fulvic acid and sodium naphthalenesulfonate is 1-2:1-2:2-3.
  • the amount of the inhibitor is 1000-2000 g/t ⁇ floating material, and the mass concentration of the inhibitor is 1%-10%.
  • the dosage of the inhibitor is limited, mainly to ensure its selective inhibition effect on the ore. If the dosage is too low, the inhibitory effect on barite and calcite is insufficient, and if the dosage is too high, it may also affect fluorite. Produce an inhibitory effect.
  • the chute reselection includes at least one rough selection, at least one sweep selection, and at least one fine selection.
  • the method for separating low-grade fluorite barite symbiotic ore rich in calcite of the present invention greatly reduces the subsequent operation pressure of inhibiting the floating fluorite on barite by the jigging gravity separation, and achieves the improvement of the fluorite Concentrate grade and the effect of significantly reducing the dosage of the inhibitor and the cost of the agent; through the color separation, the influence of calcite on the flotation of fluorite is greatly reduced, so as to ensure that the CaF 2 content in the fluorite concentrate is ⁇ 98 %Effect.
  • the method for separating low-grade fluorite and barite symbiosis ore rich in calcite of the present invention only uses a single agent system to flotate fluorite, and barite is recovered by gravity separation, which achieves the recovery of flotation. The effect that water can be recycled.
  • a method for separating low-grade fluorite barite symbiotic ore rich in calcite of the present invention through the synergistic effect of the acidified water glass, fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate on barite, calcite and a small amount of silicic acid
  • the salt minerals are selectively inhibited, and only 3 to 5 times of selection can obtain high-quality acid-grade fluorite concentrate with CaF 2 content ⁇ 98%, which achieves the effect of improving the flotation efficiency.
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for separating low-grade fluorite barite symbiotic ore rich in calcite according to the present invention.
  • the flotation process consists of two rough separations and five selections.
  • the total amount of inhibitor is 1800g/t ⁇ floating material;
  • the inhibitors of calcite and barite are acidified water glass with a mass ratio of 1:1:2.
  • Fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, fluorite collectors are commonly used oleic acid in the market;
  • the flotation tailings are subjected to chute gravity separation, and the concentration of the slurry is 25wt% to obtain barite concentrate II containing 92.87wt% of BaSO 4 , 1.57wt% of CaF 2 and 2.09wt% of CaCO 3 and containing CaF 2 9.58 wt%, BaSO 4 48.50wt%, CaCO 3 13.88wt% of chute tailings;
  • the chute reselection process is a rough selection, a sweep selection and a selection.
  • the flotation process consists of two rough separations and five selections.
  • the total amount of inhibitor is 1200g/t ⁇ floating material;
  • the inhibitors of calcite and barite are acidified water glass with a mass ratio of 1:1:2.
  • Fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, fluorite collectors are commonly used sodium oleate in the market;
  • the flotation tailings are subjected to chute gravity separation, and the concentration of the slurry is 28wt% to obtain barite concentrate II containing 90.12wt% of BaSO 4, 2.10wt% of CaF 2 and 3.13wt% of CaCO 3 and containing CaF 2 8.33 wt%, BaSO 4 48.50wt%, CaCO 3 17.97wt% of chute tailings;
  • the chute reselection process is one rough selection, one sweep selection and two selections.
  • the flotation process is two roughing and five beneficiation, the total amount of inhibitor is 1250g/t ⁇ floating material; the inhibitor of calcite and barite is acidified water glass with a mass ratio of 1:1:2, Fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, fluorite collectors are commonly used oleic acid in the market;
  • the flotation tailings were subjected to chute gravity separation, and the slurry concentration was 30wt%, to obtain barite concentrate II containing 90.03wt% of BaSO 4, 1.98wt% of CaF 2 and 3.01wt% of CaCO 3 and containing CaF 2 9.00 wt%, BaSO 4 53.50wt%, CaCO 3 16.20wt% of chute tailings;
  • the chute reselection process is one rough selection, one sweep selection and two selections.
  • the flotation process consists of two rough separations and five selections.
  • the total amount of inhibitor is 1300g/t ⁇ floating material;
  • the inhibitors of calcite and barite are acidified water glass with a mass ratio of 1:1:2.
  • Fulvic acid and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, fluorite collectors are commonly used oleic acid in the market;
  • the flotation tailings were subjected to chute gravity separation, and the slurry concentration was 32wt% to obtain barite concentrate II containing BaSO 4 91.12wt%, CaF 2 1.76wt%, CaCO 3 2.18wt% and CaF 2 8.31 wt%, BaSO 4 46.44wt%, CaCO 3 8.74wt% of chute tailings;
  • the chute reselection process is one rough selection, one sweep selection and two selections.
  • the indexes of separating low-grade fluorite barite symbiosis ore rich in calcite in Example 1 of the present invention are compared with those in Comparative Example 1.
  • the raw ore in Example 1 is used in Comparative Example 1, and the separation method is:
  • Chinese Patent Literature The technical solution described in CN201510202332.2 (this comparative example is compared with the prior art to prove that the separation method of the present invention has a better effect).
  • the indexes for separating the low-grade fluorite barite symbiotic ore rich in calcite in Example 1 of the present invention are compared with those in Comparative Example 2.
  • the raw ore in Example 1 is used in Comparative Example 2, and the separation method is: no steps S3 ⁇ S5, and replace S6 in Example 1 with direct color separation of medium-grain ore and coarse-grain ore to obtain calcite minerals and color separation tailings; other conditions such as dosage of medicament, fineness of grinding and follow-up
  • the process flow and the like used are the same as those of Example 1 of the present invention (this comparative example is compared with the step of reselection without jigging to prove that the separation method of the present invention has a better effect).
  • Example 1 of the present invention The indexes of separating the low-grade fluorite barite symbiosis ore rich in calcite in Example 1 of the present invention are compared with those in Comparative Example 3.
  • the raw ore in Example 1 is used in Comparative Example 3, and the separation method is: no steps S6, and directly replace S7 in Example 1 with the combined grinding of fine-grained ore and jigging tailings to obtain floating materials; other conditions such as dosage of medicament, fineness of grinding and subsequent process flow, etc.
  • Example 1 of the present invention is the same (this comparative example is compared with the colorless selection step to prove that the separation method of the present invention has a better effect).
  • the indexes for separating the low-grade fluorite barite symbiotic ore rich in calcite in Example 1 of the present invention are compared with those in Comparative Example 4.
  • the raw ore in Example 1 is used in Comparative Example 4, and the separation method is: inhibitor replacement It is the prior art dextrin sulfonated phenanthrene, tannic acid, sodium humate, etc.; other conditions such as dosage of medicament, fineness of ore grinding and subsequent process flow are the same as those of Example 1 of the present invention (this comparative example It is compared with replacing the inhibitor with the prior art to prove that the inhibitor of the present invention has a better separation effect).
  • the method for separating low-grade fluorite-barite intergrowth ore rich in calcite of the present invention can obtain high-quality acid-grade fluorite concentrate and barite concentrate, and the flotation return water can be recycled .

Abstract

一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,包括以下步骤:S1.破碎;S2.分级得到细粒级矿石、中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石;S3.对所述中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅰ和跳汰尾矿;S4.对所述跳汰尾矿进行色选,得到方解石矿物和色选尾矿;S5.合并所述细粒级矿石和色选尾矿,然后进行磨矿,得到入浮物料;S6.对所述入浮物料进行浮选,得到萤石精矿和浮选尾矿;S7.对所述浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅱ和溜槽尾矿。该方法达到了获得优品质酸级萤石精矿(CaF2≥98%)和重晶石精矿,并且使得浮选回水能够循环利用的效果。

Description

一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法 技术领域
本发明涉及萤石重晶石共生矿选矿技术领域,具体是一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法。
背景技术
萤石是一种具有战略意义的非金属矿产资源,应用领域涵盖冶金、化工、建材、陶瓷、航空、制冷、医药、原子能工业、氟化工等传统行业和新兴行业。欧美及中国均将其列为重要战略矿产资源,对其开发利用采取多种保护措施。
目前,全球萤石产量的一半以上用于制取氢氟酸(化学工业需要高品位的萤石精矿,一般在酸级以上,即CaF 2≥97%)。氟化工产品是高新技术产业所必须的基础材料之一,氢氟酸是氟化工产业链的起点,而萤石是制取氢氟酸最经济、最关键的矿物原料。在2018年以前,中国一直是萤石纯出口国,近年来,随着中国氟化工等高新产业的持续发展,中国对酸级萤石精粉的需求与日俱增,2018年中国萤石进口量达51万吨(主要为CaF 2≥97%的酸级萤石精矿),首次超越出口量而成为纯进口国。
重晶石也是一种非常重要的非金属矿产资源,其最突出的物理性质是比重大,为4.3~4.7;另外,重晶石化学性能稳定、不溶于水和盐酸、无磁性和毒性。重晶石主要用于钻井用泥浆加重剂,占到了其用量的50%;其作为原料还可用于制造氧化钡、碳酸钡、氯化钡、硝酸钡、沉淀硫酸钡、氢氧化钡等化工原料。在油漆工业中,重晶石粉填料可以增加漆膜厚度、强度及耐久性;在造纸工业、橡胶和塑料工业中,将重晶石作为填料能提高橡胶和塑料的硬度、耐磨性及耐老化性。
萤石重晶石共生矿广泛分布在中国的川、渝、黔以及山东、湖南等地区,其特点是:①储量丰富、资源潜力巨大;②分布集中、开发条件较好;③萤石品位低,一般CaF 2在25%以下;④矿石中除萤石外,还含有重晶石、方解石等碱土金属盐类矿物,且方解石含量一般在5%以上,萤石、重晶石和方解石三者含量之和大于90%。另外,这几种矿物表面阳离子质点均为Ca 2+、Sr 2+、Ba 2+离子,晶体性质和物理化学性质相似,浮选过程中彼此相互干扰,且可浮性相近,造成这几种矿物间的选矿分离十分困难。
一直以来,这类资源的开发利用普遍集中在萤石含量大于40%的中富矿,且以回收萤石为主,矿石中的大部分重晶石矿物作为尾矿堆放。另一方面,回收萤石矿物采用的选矿方法主要为手选和浮选为主。其中,首选是将含CaF 260%以上的块矿卖给冶金工业做熔剂,剩余的粉矿通过浮选获得含CaF 294%左右的萤石精粉,而其采用的浮选工艺普遍为两次粗选三次扫选七次精选的“混合浮选-分离浮选”工艺。但是,该工艺浮选流程繁冗,碱性矿浆条件下萤 石和重晶石矿物混合浮选,酸性矿浆条件下萤石与重晶石矿物分离浮选的选别环境,造成矿物上浮量巨大、杂质夹带及萤石重晶石互含严重的问题,以至于获得的萤石精矿回收率低、产品质量不高,达不到酸级萤石的质量要求;同时,由于浮选药剂种类繁多,浮选回水无法回用,造成了资源浪费和环境污染问题。
中国专利文献CN200910114165.0,申请日20090622,名称为:低品位萤石重晶石浮选分离方法,通过单一的浮选法对萤石和重晶石进行处理,其浮选药剂包括水玻璃、酸化水玻璃、硫酸钠、淀粉和六偏磷酸钠。
上述专利文献虽然能够同时回收萤石和重晶石,但萤石精矿品位仅为95%。
中国专利文献CN201510202332.2,申请日20170616,名称为:一种分离低品级方解石-重晶石-萤石型矿石的分步浮选方法,同样采用单一的浮选法对萤石和重晶石进行处理,首先采用脱泥浮选(即萤石重晶石混合浮选),浮选药剂为碳酸钠、水玻璃、捕收剂CA;然后分离浮选抑制重晶石上浮萤石得到萤石精矿,浮选药剂为硫酸铝、木质素磺酸钠和捕收剂CA;最后分离浮选尾矿再添加活性炭、水玻璃和捕收剂CA浮选重晶石得到重晶石精矿。
上述专利文献虽然能够同时回收萤石和重晶石,但此工艺采用了三种药剂制度,药剂种类繁多,使浮选回水无法循环利用;并且此方法获得的萤石精矿品位同样不高,仅为94~98%。
综上所述,我们亟需一种能合理的开发萤石重晶石共生矿,特别是大量萤石含量小于25%的低品位矿,从而获得优品质酸级萤石精矿(CaF 2≥98%)和重晶石精矿,并且能够解决浮选回水无法循环利用问题的分离方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,以达到获得优品质酸级萤石精矿和重晶石精矿,并且浮选回水能够循环利用的效果。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.对原矿进行破碎,得到破碎矿石;
S2.对所述破碎矿石进行分级,得到细粒级矿石、中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石;
S3.对所述中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅰ和跳汰尾矿;
S4.对所述跳汰尾矿进行色选,得到方解石矿物和色选尾矿;
S5.合并所述细粒级矿石和色选尾矿,然后进行磨矿,得到入浮物料;
S6.对所述入浮物料进行浮选,得到萤石精矿和浮选尾矿;
S7.对所述浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅱ和溜槽尾矿。
通过上述技术方案,采用所述跳汰重选将结晶较好的重晶石预先选出,能够大幅降低后续抑制重晶石上浮萤石的作业压力,达到了提高所述萤石精矿品位和显著降低所述抑制剂的用量及药剂成本的效果;采用所述色选将方解石选出,大幅降低了方解石对萤石浮选的影响,达到了确保所述萤石精矿中CaF 2含量≥98%的效果。
应当理解的是,本方法适用于中国普遍的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿,即方解石的重量百分比大于5%、萤石的重量百分比小于25%,重晶石、萤石和方解石的重量百分比之和大于90%;若共生矿中方解石的重量百分比小于5%,萤石的重量百分比大于25%,则本发明能获得更为优质的萤石精矿。
在某些实施方案中,所述跳汰重选、浮选和溜槽重选后均包括过滤分离的步骤,所述过滤分离得到的选矿用水可返回至步骤S3~S4和/或步骤S6~S7以循环利用。
通过上述技术方案,仅采用单一药剂制度对萤石进行浮选,而重晶石通过重选法回收,使得浮选pH值保持在6.5~7.0的弱酸性范围,达到了使浮选回水能够循环利用的效果。
在某些实施方案中,所述细粒级矿石的粒径≤1mm。
在某些实施方案中,所述破碎矿石的粒径≤20mm。
在某些实施方案中,所述粗粒级矿石的粒径>8mm。
在某些实施方案中,所述破碎矿石的粒径≤15mm。
在某些实施方案中,所述粗粒级矿石的粒径>5mm。
在某些实施方案中,S3中,所述跳汰重选包括以下步骤:
1)对所述中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿I;
2)对所述粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
3)将所述中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并得到重晶石精矿I;将所述尾矿I和尾矿I合并,得到跳汰尾矿。
通过上述技术方案,限定所述细粒级矿石、中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石的粒度有利于使所述跳汰重选取得最优的选别效果。
在某些实施方案中,所述重晶石精矿Ⅰ中BaSO 4的重量百分比≥88%,所述重晶石精矿Ⅱ中BaSO 4的重量百分比≥90%。
在某些实施方案中,S4中,使所述跳汰尾矿的含水量小于5%,再进行色选。
在上述技术方案中,控制所述跳汰尾矿的含水量的方式包括但不限于滤干、烘干和风干。
通过上述技术方案,降低所述跳汰尾矿的水分,能够提高色选效果。
在某些实施方案中,S5中,所述入浮物料中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为75%~85%。
通过上述技术方案,对粒径≤0.074mm矿物的含量进行限定,一方面能够防止其由于含量过低而不能有效解离,从而影响所述萤石精矿的品位,另一方面能够防止其由于含量过高而造成矿石过磨,从而影响所述萤石精矿的回收率以及增加能耗。
在某些实施方案中,S6中,所述浮选包括至少两次粗选和至少五次精选。
在某些实施方案中,S6中,所述浮选添加有抑制剂;所述抑制剂包括酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠;所述浮选的捕收剂可根据现有技术进行选择,多为市面上常见的油酸或油酸钠。
通过上述技术方案,所述酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠通过协同作用对重晶石、方解石和少量硅酸盐矿物进行选择性抑制,相比于现有技术需要进行6~8次精选,本发明仅需3~5次精选即可获得CaF 2含量≥98%的优品质酸级萤石精矿,达到了提高浮选效率的效果;其中,所述酸化水玻璃对方解石和硅酸盐矿物起抑制作用,所述黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠对重晶石起抑制作用,具体是其在重晶石表面能够产生较强的化学吸附,增加了重晶石的亲水性,而其在萤石表面的吸附性较弱,从而扩大了萤石与重晶石的可浮性差异,有利于实现二者的浮选分离。
在某些实施方案中,所述酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠的质量比为1~2:1~2:2~3。
在某些实施方案中,所述抑制剂的用量为1000~2000g/t·入浮物料,所述抑制剂的质量浓度为1%~10%。
通过上述技术方案,对所述抑制剂的用量进行限定,主要为保证其对矿石的选择性抑制效果,用量过低则对重晶石和方解石抑制效果不够,用量过高则有可能对萤石也产生抑制作用。
在某些实施方案中,S7中,所述溜槽重选包括至少一次粗选、至少一次扫选和至少一次精选。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,通过所述跳汰重选大幅降低后续抑制重晶石上浮萤石的作业压力,达到了提高所述萤石精矿品位和显著降低所述抑制剂的用量及药剂成本的效果;通过所述色选大幅降低了方解石对萤石浮选的影响,达到了确保所述萤石精矿中CaF 2含量≥98%的效果。
2.本发明的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,仅采用单一药剂制度对萤石进行浮选,而重晶石通过重选法回收,达到了使浮选回水能够循环利用的效果。
3.本发明的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,通过所述酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠通过协同作用对重晶石、方解石和少量硅酸盐矿物进行选择性抑制,仅需3~5次精选即可获得CaF 2含量≥98%的优品质酸级萤石精矿,达到了提高浮选效率的效 果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案,但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1
一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿,原矿主要含CaF 219.83wt%,BaSO 463.42wt%,CaCO 37.15wt%,其分离方法如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1.采用颚式破碎机和圆锥破碎剂对原矿进行两段破碎,得到粒径≤20mm的破碎矿石;
S2.对破碎矿石进行分级,得到粒径≤1mm的细粒级矿石、粒径>8mm的粗粒级矿石,剩余为中粒级矿石;
S3.采用细粒跳汰机对中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为10mm,冲次为320次/min,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅰ;
S4.采用粗粒跳汰机对粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为15mm,冲次为350次/min,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
S5.将中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并,得到含BaSO 490.23wt%,CaF 22.15wt%,CaCO 33.11wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅰ;将尾矿Ⅰ和尾矿Ⅱ合并,得到含CaF 223.83wt%,BaSO 456.23wt%,CaCO 39.35wt%的跳汰尾矿;
S6.将跳汰尾矿滤干至含水量小于5%,再进行色选,得到含CaCO 332.03wt%,CaF 28.20wt%,BaSO 435.35wt%的方解石矿物和含CaF 226.77wt%,BaSO 460.17wt%,CaCO 35.67wt%的色选尾矿;
S7.将细粒级矿石和色选尾矿合并磨矿,得到入浮物料,其中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为82.00%;
S8.向入浮物料中加入浓度为1wt%的用于抑制方解石和重晶石的抑制剂和用于捕收萤石的捕收剂进行萤石浮选,得到含CaF 298.15wt%,BaSO 40.71wt%,CaCO 30.68wt%的萤石精矿和含CaF 24.22wt%,BaSO 478.23wt%,CaCO 36.59wt%的浮选尾矿;
其中,浮选工艺为两次粗选和五次精选,抑制剂总用量为1800g/t·入浮物料;方解石、重晶石抑制剂为质量比为1:1:2的酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠,萤石捕收剂为市场上常用的油酸;
S9.对浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,矿浆的浓度为25wt%,得到含BaSO 492.87wt%,CaF 21.57wt%,CaCO 32.09wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅱ和含CaF 29.58wt%,BaSO 448.50wt%,CaCO 3 13.88wt%的溜槽尾矿;
其中,溜槽重选工艺为一次粗选、一次扫选和一次精选。
实施例2
一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿,原矿主要含CaF 224.36wt%,BaSO 458.15wt%,CaCO 38.13wt%,其分离方法如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1.采用颚式破碎机和圆锥破碎剂对原矿进行两段破碎,得到粒径≤15mm的破碎矿石;
S2.对破碎矿石进行分级,得到粒径≤1mm的细粒级矿石、粒径>5mm的粗粒级矿石,剩余为中粒级矿石;
S3.采用细粒跳汰机对中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为12mm,冲次为340次/min,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅰ;
S4.采用粗粒跳汰机对粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为20mm,冲次为370次/min,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
S5.将中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并,得到含BaSO 488.21wt%,CaF 22.85wt%,CaCO 33.46wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅰ;将尾矿Ⅰ和尾矿Ⅱ合并,得到含CaF 229.62wt%,BaSO 449.37wt%,CaCO 310.32wt%的跳汰尾矿;
S6.将跳汰尾矿滤干至含水量小于5%,再进行色选,得到含CaCO 334.03wt%,CaF 210.02wt%,BaSO 428.92wt%的方解石矿物和含CaF 233.39wt%,BaSO 453.31wt%,CaCO 35.76wt%的色选尾矿;
S7.将细粒级矿石和色选尾矿合并磨矿,得到入浮物料,其中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为78.00%;
S8.向入浮物料中加入浓度为3wt%的用于抑制方解石和重晶石的抑制剂和用于捕收萤石的捕收剂进行萤石浮选,得到含CaF 298.56wt%,BaSO 40.65wt%,CaCO 30.52wt%的萤石精矿和含CaF 24.06wt%,BaSO 477.04wt%,CaCO 37.79wt%的浮选尾矿;
其中,浮选工艺为两次粗选和五次精选,抑制剂总用量为1200g/t·入浮物料;方解石、重晶石抑制剂为质量比为1:1:2的酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠,萤石捕收剂为市场上常用的油酸钠;
S9.对浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,矿浆的浓度为28wt%,得到含BaSO 490.12wt%,CaF 22.10wt%,CaCO 33.13wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅱ和含CaF 28.33wt%,BaSO 448.50wt%,CaCO 317.97wt%的溜槽尾矿;
其中,溜槽重选工艺为一次粗选、一次扫选和两次精选。
实施例3
一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿,原矿主要含CaF 222.56wt%,BaSO 459.35wt%,CaCO 38.65wt%,其分离方法如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1.采用颚式破碎机和圆锥破碎剂对原矿进行两段破碎,得到粒径≤15mm的破碎矿石;
S2.对破碎矿石进行分级,得到粒径≤1mm的细粒级矿石、粒径>5mm的粗粒级矿石,剩余为中粒级矿石;
S3.采用细粒跳汰机对中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为13mm,冲次为350次/min,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅰ;
S4.采用粗粒跳汰机对粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为22mm,冲次为380次/min,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
S5.将中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并,得到含BaSO 488.65wt%,CaF 22.35wt%,CaCO 33.75wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅰ;将尾矿Ⅰ和尾矿Ⅱ合并,得到含CaF 227.37wt%,BaSO 450.77wt%,CaCO 311.07wt%的跳汰尾矿;
S6.将跳汰尾矿滤干至含水量小于5%,再进行色选,得到含CaCO 336.12wt%,CaF 28.86wt%,BaSO 429.16wt%的方解石矿物和含CaF 231.44wt%,BaSO 455.52wt%,CaCO 35.56wt%的色选尾矿;
S7.将细粒级矿石和色选尾矿合并磨矿,得到入浮物料,其中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为80.00%;
S8.向入浮物料中加入浓度为3wt%的用于抑制方解石和重晶石的抑制剂和用于捕收萤石的捕收剂进行萤石浮选,得到含CaF 298.32wt%,BaSO 40.69wt%,CaCO 30.58wt%的萤石精矿和含CaF 24.31wt%,BaSO 477.92wt%,CaCO 37.38wt%的浮选尾矿;
其中,浮选工艺为两次粗选和五次精选,抑制剂总用量为1250g/t·入浮物料;方解石、重晶石抑制剂为质量比为1:1:2的酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠,萤石捕收剂为市场上常用的油酸;
S9.对浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,矿浆的浓度为30wt%,得到含BaSO 490.03wt%,CaF 21.98wt%,CaCO 33.01wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅱ和含CaF 29.00wt%,BaSO 453.50wt%,CaCO 316.20wt%的溜槽尾矿;
其中,溜槽重选工艺为一次粗选、一次扫选和两次精选。
实施例4
一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿,原矿主要含CaF 220.98wt%,BaSO 460.35wt%,CaCO 35.89wt%,其分离方法如图1所示,包括以下步骤:
S1.采用颚式破碎机和圆锥破碎剂对原矿进行两段破碎,得到粒径≤20mm的破碎矿石;
S2.对破碎矿石进行分级,得到粒径≤1mm的细粒级矿石、粒径>8mm的粗粒级矿石,剩余为中粒级矿石;
S3.采用细粒跳汰机对中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为15mm,冲次为350次/min,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅰ;
S4.采用粗粒跳汰机对粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,冲程为20mm,冲次为400次/min,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
S5.将中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并,得到含BaSO 489.83wt%,CaF 22.15wt%,CaCO 33.41wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅰ;将尾矿Ⅰ和尾矿Ⅱ合并,得到含CaF 225.60wt%,BaSO 450.58wt%,CaCO 37.17wt%的跳汰尾矿;
S6.将跳汰尾矿滤干至含水量小于5%,再进行色选,得到含CaCO 325.52wt%,CaF 28.01wt%,BaSO 430.58wt%的方解石矿物和含CaF 229.57wt%,BaSO 455.10wt%,CaCO 33.03wt%的色选尾矿;
S7.将细粒级矿石和色选尾矿合并磨矿,得到入浮物料,其中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为82.00%;
S8.向入浮物料中加入浓度为5wt%的用于抑制方解石和重晶石的抑制剂和用于捕收萤石的捕收剂进行萤石浮选,得到含CaF 298.10wt%,BaSO 40.75wt%,CaCO 30.45wt%的萤石精矿和含CaF 23.90wt%,BaSO 476.53wt%,CaCO 34.32wt%的浮选尾矿;
其中,浮选工艺为两次粗选和五次精选,抑制剂总用量为1300g/t·入浮物料;方解石、重晶石抑制剂为质量比为1:1:2的酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠,萤石捕收剂为市场上常用的油酸;
S9.对浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,矿浆的浓度为32wt%,得到含BaSO 491.12wt%,CaF 21.76wt%,CaCO 32.18wt%的重晶石精矿Ⅱ和含CaF 28.31wt%,BaSO 446.44wt%,CaCO 38.74wt%的溜槽尾矿;
其中,溜槽重选工艺为一次粗选、一次扫选和两次精选。
对照例1
采用本发明实施例1中分离富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的各项指标与对照例1进行对比,其中对照例1采用实施例1中的原矿,其分离方法为:中国专利文献CN201510202332.2中记载的技术方案(本对照例是与现有技术进行对比,用于证明本发明的分离方法效果更好)。
对照例2
采用本发明实施例1中分离富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的各项指标与对照例 2进行对比,其中对照例2采用实施例1中的原矿,其分离方法为:不包括步骤S3~S5,并将实施例1中的S6替换为直接对中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石进行色选,得到方解石矿物和色选尾矿;其他条件如药剂用量、磨矿细度和后续采用的工艺流程等与本发明实施例1均相同(本对照例是与无跳汰重选步骤进行对比,用于证明本发明的分离方法效果更好)。
对照例3
采用本发明实施例1中分离富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的各项指标与对照例3进行对比,其中对照例3采用实施例1中的原矿,其分离方法为:不包括步骤S6,并将实施例1中的S7直接替换为将细粒级矿石和跳汰尾矿合并磨矿,得到入浮物料;其他条件如药剂用量、磨矿细度和后续采用的工艺流程等与本发明实施例1均相同(本对照例是与无色选步骤进行对比,用于证明本发明的分离方法效果更好)。
对照例4
采用本发明实施例1中分离富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的各项指标与对照例4进行对比,其中对照例4采用实施例1中的原矿,其分离方法为:抑制剂替换为现有技术的糊精磺化菲、单宁酸、腐殖酸钠等;其他条件如药剂用量、磨矿细度和后续采用的工艺流程等与本发明实施例1均相同(本对照例是与将抑制剂替换为现有技术进行对比,用于证明本发明的抑制剂分离效果更好)。
试验效果
1.为了验证本发明的分离方法的效果,对实施例1~4和对照例1~4各分离所得矿物的产率、品位和回收率进行了测试,结果如下表所示:
Figure PCTCN2021073693-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021073693-appb-000002
由上表可知,相比于实施例1,对照例1中萤石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中CaF 2的品位和回收率明显下降;重晶石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中BaSO 4的品位和回收率下降;
对照例2中萤石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中CaF 2的品位和回收率明显下降;重晶石精矿的产率、BaSO 4的品位和回收率均明显下降;这说明跳汰重选能够提高萤石精矿中CaF 2的品位和回收率,重晶石精矿的产率以及其中BaSO 4的品位和回收率;
对照例3中萤石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中CaF 2的品位和回收率明显下降;重晶石精矿的产率和BaSO 4的回收率均明显下降,BaSO 4的品位无明显变化;这说明色选能够提高萤石精矿中CaF 2的品位和回收率、重晶石精矿的产率以及其中BaSO 4的回收率;
对照例4中萤石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中CaF 2的品位和回收率明显下降;重晶石精矿的产率、BaSO 4的品位和回收率无明显变化;这说明本发明的抑制剂能够提高萤石精矿中CaF 2的品位和回收率。
2.为了验证本发明的选矿用水循环利用的效果,进行了对比试验。试验分为实验组、对照组A和对照组B,并分别对其浮选入料以及所得萤石精矿和浮选尾矿的产率、CaF 2品位和 CaF 2回收率进行了测试;其中,实验组为将实施例1所得选矿用水用于浮选分离,对照组A为将清水用于浮选分离,对照组B为将对照例1所得选矿用水用于浮选分离,浮选分离的方法均与实施例1相同。结果如下表所示:
Figure PCTCN2021073693-appb-000003
由上表可知,相比于对照组A,实验组所得萤石精矿的产率以及其中CaF 2的品位和回收率无明显变化;对照组B所得萤石精矿的产率无明显变化,但其中CaF 2的品位和回收率明显下降。因此,现有技术的选矿用水循环利用时会明显降低所得萤石精矿中CaF 2的品位和回收率;但本发明的选矿用水可循环利用,且效果与清水无明显区别。
综上所述,本发明的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,能够获得优品质酸级萤石精矿和重晶石精矿,并且浮选回水能够循环利用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施例的排除,而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本文所述构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S1.对原矿进行破碎,得到破碎矿石;
    S2.对所述破碎矿石进行分级,得到细粒级矿石、中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石;
    S3.对所述中粒级矿石和粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅰ和跳汰尾矿;
    S4.对所述跳汰尾矿进行色选,得到方解石矿物和色选尾矿;
    S5.合并所述细粒级矿石和色选尾矿,然后进行磨矿,得到入浮物料;
    S6.对所述入浮物料进行浮选,得到萤石精矿和浮选尾矿;
    S7.对所述浮选尾矿进行溜槽重选,得到重晶石精矿Ⅱ和溜槽尾矿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述细粒级矿石的粒径≤1mm。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述破碎矿石的粒径≤20mm。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述粗粒级矿石的粒径>8mm。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述破碎矿石的粒径≤15mm。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述粗粒级矿石的粒径>5mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,S3中,所述跳汰重选包括以下步骤:
    1)对所述中粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到中粒级精矿和尾矿I;
    2)对所述粗粒级矿石进行跳汰重选,得到粗粒级精矿和尾矿Ⅱ;
    3)将所述中粒级精矿和粗粒级精矿合并得到重晶石精矿I;将所述尾矿I和尾矿I合并,得到跳汰尾矿。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,S4中,使所述跳汰尾矿的含水量小于5%,再进行色选。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于:S5中,所述入浮物料中粒径≤0.074mm矿物的重量百分比为75%~85%。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,S6中,所述浮选包括至少两次粗选和至少五次精选。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其 特征在于,S6中,所述浮选添加有抑制剂;所述抑制剂包括酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述酸化水玻璃、黄腐酸和萘磺酸钠的质量比为1~2:1~2:2~3。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,所述抑制剂的用量为1000~2000g/t·入浮物料。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的一种富含方解石的低品位萤石重晶石共生矿的分离方法,其特征在于,S7中,所述溜槽重选包括至少一次粗选、至少一次扫选和至少一次精选。
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