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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner

Definitions

• the invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. More particularly, the invention provides novel inhibitors of HIV, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and methods for using these compounds in the treatment of HIV infection. The invention also relates to methods for making the compounds hereinafter described.
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
• HIV-infected individuals consists of a combination of approved anti-retroviral agents. Close to four dozen drugs are currently approved for HIV infection, either as single agents, fixed dose combinations or single tablet regimens; the latter two containing 2-4 approved agents. These agents belong to a number of different classes, targeting either a viral enzyme or the function of a viral protein during the virus replication cycle.
• agents are classified as either nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (Pis), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), or entry inhibitors (one, maraviroc, targets the host CCR5 protein, while the other, enfuvirtide, is a peptide that targets the gp41 region of the viral gpl60 protein).
• a pharmacokinetic enhancer cobicistat or ritonavir
• ARVs antiretroviral agents
• HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitors as Antiretroviral Agents
• the present invention discloses A compound or salt selected from the group consisting of: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound or salt of the invention.
• the present invention discloses a method of treating HIV infection in a human comprising administering a compound or salt of the invention.
• the present invention discloses a compound or salt of the invention for use in therapy.
• the present invention discloses a compound or salt of the invention for use in treating HIV infection in a human.
• the present invention discloses the use of a compound or salt of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of HIV infection in a human.
• the salts of the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable. Such salts may be acid addition salts or base addition salts.
• suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts see, for example, Berge etal, J. Pharm, Sci., 66, 1-19, 1977.
• Representative pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, 4-acetamidobenzoate, acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), benzoate, bisulfate, bitartrate, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate (camsylate), caprate (decanoate), caproate (hexanoate), caprylate (octanoate), cinnamate, citrate, cyclamate, digluconate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, disuccinate, dodecylsulfate (estolate), edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), estolate (lauryl sulfate), ethane-1, 2-disulfonate (edisylate), ethanesulfonate (esylate), formate, fumarate, galactarate (
• Representative pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include, but are not limited to, aluminium, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-l, 3-propanediol (TRIS, tromethamine), arginine, benethamine (/V-benzylphenethylamine), benzathine (/V,/V-dibenzylethylenediamine), Zvs-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, bismuth, calcium, chloroprocaine, choline, clemizole (1 -p chlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolildine-l'-ylmethylbenzimidazole), cyclohexylamine, dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, diethyltriamine, dimethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, dopamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, L-histidine, iron, isoquinoline, lepidine, lithium, lysine, magnesium, meglumine (/V-methylglucamine), piperazine
• compositions of this invention further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
• preferred routes of administration are oral and by injection to deliver subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Therefore, preferred pharmaceutical compositions include compositions suitable for oral administration (for example tablets) and compositions suitable for subcutaneous or intramuscular injection.
• the present invention discloses methods of preventing HIV infection in a human or reducing the risk of infection, comprising administering a compound or salt of this invention.
• Pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP is when people at risk for HIV infection take daily medicine to lower their chances of getting HIV infection. PrEP has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of infection.
• the compounds and salts of this invention are believed to have as their biological target the HIV capsid and thus their mechanism of action is to modify in one or more ways the function of the HIV capsid.
• Combination therapies according to the present invention thus comprise the administration of at least one compound or salt of the invention, and the administration of at least one other agent which may be useful in the treatment of HIV infection.
• a compound or salt of the present invention, and the other agent may be formulated and administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or may be formulated and administered separately. When formulated and administered separately, administration may occur simultaneously or sequentially in any order.
• Suitable other agents include, for example, abacavir, atazanavir, bictegravir, cabotegravir, darunavir, delavirdine, didanosine, dideoxyinosine, dolutegravir, doravirine, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, etavirine, fosamprenavir, fostemsavir, indinavir, slatravir, lamivudine, lopinavir, maraviroc, nelfinavir, nevirapine, raltegravir, rilpiverine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, tipranavir, tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, zalcitabine, and zidovudine.
• Preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, islatravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir.
• Particularly preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir.
• the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was extracted with EtOAc (1000 mL).
• the filtrate was washed with saturated aq. Na2S2C>3 (2x500 mL); saturated aq. FeSCM (300 mL); and then brine (500 mL).
• the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SC>4,; filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude title compound (150 g).
• H2SO4 (0.425 L, 0.34 V) and 70% HNO3 (0.85 kg, 13.49 mol, 1.30 equiv.) at 0 °C] was added to the above reaction mixture at below 10 °C [Note: Reaction is slightly exothermic (3-6 °C); so that addition is preferred at lower temperature].
• the reaction mixture was stirred at 5-10 °C for 2-3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), it was quenched with ice cold water (18.75 L, 15 V) at below 25 °C. Then the reaction mass was allowed warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The solids were isolated by filtration and then were washed with water (2.5 L, 2.0 V).
• Step-2a To a solution of DMSO (5.9 L, 5.0 V)) in a round-bottom flask was added 2,6- dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.17 kg, 5.31 mol, 1.0 equiv.) at room temperature. After being stirred for 30 min at room temperature, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.63 kg, 9.04 mol, 1.70 equiv.) was added and the reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mass was quenched by the addition of ice-cold water (18.0 L, 15.0 V) added at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 30 °C (Observation: Solids formed upon water addition).
• the reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 60-90 min.
• the solids were isolated by filtration; washed with water (2.5 L, 2.0 V); followed by washing with a mixture of acetone and hexanes (6.0 L, 1:1 ratio). Bulk residual water was removed from the solids by maintaining vacuum filtration for 60-90 min.
• the wet solid was initially air dried and then finally dried in a hot air oven at 50-55 °C for 10-12 h (until moisture content was not more than 1.0 %) to get the dried target product, 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime (1.22 kg, 92% yield) as an off- white solid.
• the crude product (which contains 10-20% of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile) was used directly in the next step without further purification.
• Step-2b To a stirred solution of the crude oxime (preparation described above, 1.13 kg, 4.80 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (9.04 L, 8.0 V) at 0-5 °C was added triethylamine ("TEA", 1.02 kg, 10.09 mol, 2.1 equiv.). After being stirred for 5 min, methanesulfonyl chloride (0.60 kg, 5.29 mol, 1.1 equiv.) was added (Observation: An exotherm is noted during the addition) slowly at 15 °C. Then the reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 30-45 min.
• TOA triethylamine
• reaction mass was diluted with water (6.78 L, 6.0 V); the organic layer was separated; and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3.4 L, 3.0 V). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5.65 L, 5.0 V); dried over Na2SC>4; and concentrated under vacuum. The resulting crude solids were triturated with hexanes (4.50 L, 4.0 V) at room temperature.
• the mixture was diluted with water (7.5 L, 10.0 V) and further stirred for 1 h at room temperature.
• the solids were isolated via filtration and then were washed with water (2.25 L, 3.0 V).
• the wet solid was washed with a 1:1 ratio mixture of acetone (1.875 L, 2.5 V) and hexanes (1.875 L, 2.5 V). Bulk residual water was removed from the solids by maintaining vacuum filtration for 60-90 min.
• reaction temperature was slowly raised to room temperature and stirring was continued an additional 2 h at the same temperature.
• reaction mass was quenched by the addition of ice-cold water (15.0 L, 30.0 V) and the resulting mixture was then stirred for 6-8 h at room temperature.
• the solids were isolated via filtration and were then washed with water (1.5 L, 3.0 V).
• the wet solid was washed with IPA (1.5 L, 3.0 V) followed by hexanes (1.0 L, 2.0 V). Bulk residual water was removed from the solids by maintaining vacuum filtration for 60-90 min.
• Step 5a To a solution of 4-chloro-l-methyl-7-nitro-l/5 L indazol-3-amine (625.0 g, 2.76 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (6.25 L, 10.0 V) at 0-5 °C. was added triethylamine (TEA) (837.0 g, 8.27 mol, 3.0 equiv.); followed by the addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (20.60 g, 0.165 mol, 0.06 equiv.).
• TEA triethylamine
• DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
• Step 6 Preparation of /V-(4-chloro-l-methyl-7-nitro-l/7 L indazol-3-yl)-A i -(4- methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide
• the mixture was poured into ice cold water (19.05 L, 30.0 V) [Note: Slow quenching with vigorous stirring is preferred to avoid clumping as the product precipitates].
• the resulting solids were isolated via filtration and washed with water (1.90 L, 3.0 V); then the solids were washed with hexanes (1.27 L, 2.0 V). Bulk residual water was removed from the solids by maintaining vacuum filtration for 60-90 min.
• the isolated solid was dissolved in Ethyl acetate (12.7 L, 20.0 V) and charcoal was added (63.5 g). The mixture was heated to 60-70 °C and then stirred for 30-45 min. at that temperature.
• Step 7 Preparation of /V-(7-Amino-4-chloro-l-methyl-l/-/-indazol-3-yl)-A i -(4- methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide
• Step 5 Preparation of 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinic acid
• THF 120 mL
• Methanol 30 mL
• LiOH 2.491 g, 104 mmol
• the reaction mixture was heated to 70 °C and stirred at that temperature for 16 h.
• T3P 2,4,6-tripropyl- 1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide
• T3P 50% wt in EtOAc, 494 mL, 830 mmol
• the solution was allowed to warm to 13 °C and was then stirred for 5 hrs.
• N-(7-amino-4-chloro-l-methyl-lH-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4- methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (62.3 g, 158 mmol).
• the reaction mass was then allowed to slowly warm to 27 °C and then was stirred at that temperature for 48 hrs.
• HPLC purification was performed using one of the conditions indicated below, optionally followed by a second HPLC purification using a different condition indicated below. Based on analytical HPLC data obtained on the crude reaction mixture, the purification condition was optimized for each target compound by modifying the initial Solvent A:Solvent B ratio, the gradient time, the final Solvent A:Solvent B ratio, and the hold time at the final Solvent A:Solvent B concentration.
• Solvent B Acetonitrile.
• ESI+ Range 150 to 1500 Dalton.
• General LMCS analysis methods :
• Example 1 N-((S)-l-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-l-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-lH- indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-cyclopropyl-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-lH- cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[l,2-c]pyr
• Example 2 N-((S)-l-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-l-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-lH- indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bR,4aS)-3-cydopropyl-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-lH- cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[l,2-c]pyrazol-l-yl)acetamide.
• Example 3 N-((S)-l-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-l-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-lH- indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-cydopropyl-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-lH- cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[l,2-c]pyrazol-l-yl)acetamide.
• reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h.
• ammonia in methanol (2 M, 1 mL).
• the mixture was stirred for 2 h, then was concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the resulting residue was dissolved in DMF (2 mL) and filtered.
• Example 4 N-((S)-l-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-l-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-lH- indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bR,4aS)-3-cydopropyl-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-lH- cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[l,2-c]pyrazol-l-yl)acetamide.
• HIV cell culture assay - MT-2 cells, 293T cells and the proviral DNA clone of NL4-3 virus were obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program.
• MT-2 cells were propagated in RPMI 1640 media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mg/ml penicillin G and up to 100 units/mL streptomycin.
• FBS heat inactivated fetal bovine serum
• the 293T cells were propagated in DMEM media supplemented with 10% heat inactivated FBS, 100 mg/mL penicillin G and 100 mg/mL streptomycin.
• the recombinant virus was prepared through transfection of the recombinant NL4-3 proviral clone into 293T cells using Transit-293 Transfection Reagent from Mirus Bio LLC (Madison, WI). Supernatent was harvested after 2-3 days and the amount of virus present was titered in MT-2 cells using luciferase enzyme activity as a marker by measuring luciferase enzyme activity.
• Luciferase was quantitated using the EnduRen Live Cell Substrate from Promega (Madison, WI). Antiviral activities of compounds toward the recombinant virus were quantified by measuring luciferase activity in MT-2 cells infected for 4-5 days with the recombinant virus in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound.
• cytotoxicity and the corresponding CC50 values were determined using the same protocol as described in the antiviral assay except that uninfected cells were used. Cytotoxicity was assessed on day 4 in uninfected MT2 cells by using an XTT (2,3-bis[2- Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt)-based colorimetric assay (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Mo).

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