Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/191—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more hydroxy groups, e.g. gluconic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
  • A61K31/194—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having two or more carboxyl groups, e.g. succinic, maleic or phthalic acid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/04—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
  • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/02—Suppositories; Bougies; Bases therefor; Ovules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a composition for use in a treatment of cervical cell abnormalities.
• Cervical smear screening also known as Pap test or Pap smear
• Cervical smear screening is a widely used practice for detecting potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix uteri of female patients.
• cervical cell abnormalities are classified according to the Bethesda system (see Nayar R, Wilbur D. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, Definitions, Criteria, and Explanatory Notes. Springer; 2015.).
• Such abnormalities include atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), atypical squamous cells - cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), atypical glandular cells (AGC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), among others. It is known that these abnormalities can improve but also deteriorate with time. In this connection, remission is defined as a complete recovery from abnormal cytological smear findings, regression is defined as an improvement of cytological smear findings (e.g.
• persistence is defined as no change of cytological smear findings and progression is defined as a worsening of cytological smear findings (e.g. from ASC-US to ASC-H or LSIL, or from ASC-H to LSIL or from LSIL to HSIL).
• Typical procedures include cone-shaped excision, cryotherapy, loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or large loop excision of the cervical transformation zone (LLETZ).
• the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing a selenite-containing compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid, selected from citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, fruit acids (e.g. malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid, in particular citric acid) and mixtures thereof.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable acid selected from citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, fruit acids (e.g. malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid and fumaric acid, in particular citric acid) and mixtures thereof.
• the composition is for use in reducing progression of cervical cell abnormalities (typically as determined by cervical smear screening) in a female patient.
• the composition is applied intravaginally to the patient.
• the patient is pl6-positive and Ki-
• pi6/Ki-67-double-positive at least in a region of the cervix uteri, and/or at least a portion of the cervical cell abnormalities is pl6-positive and Ki-67-positive (i.e. pi6/Ki-67-double-positive).
• the pharmaceutical composition is not only effective in increasing remission and regression of the cervical cell abnormalities, but remarkably also in reducing progression of cervical cell abnormalities. This was confirmed by a controlled clinical trial (see example 2).
• US 2003/0180387 A1 relates to a method for increasing the antioxidative potential of selenium-containing aqueous solutions. It is disclosed that a preparation comprising a pharmaceutically administrable or food-compatible form of selenium, namely selenite, and a pharmaceutically acceptable or food-compatible acid, selected from citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, carbonic acid, various fruit acids and mixtures thereof, can be used to prevent or treat herpes simplex infections, among many other indications.
• a pharmaceutically administrable or food-compatible form of selenium namely selenite
• a pharmaceutically acceptable or food-compatible acid selected from citric acid, acetic acid, malic acid, carbonic acid, various fruit acids and mixtures thereof.
• the document neither discloses intravaginal application nor that the target organ is the cervix uteri nor the inventive therapeutic indication .
• US 2005/0048134 A1 concerns the use of a selenite-containing compound to be topically or buccally administered. Treatment or prophylaxis of infections with papilloma viruses, particularly in the genital region, is disclosed as one among many indications. However, the document neither discloses intravaginal application nor that the target organ is the cervix uteri nor the inventive therapeutic indication.
• US 2013/0323328 A1 (also published as WO 2012/109685 A1) relates to a pharmaceutical preparation containing selenite or selenite-containing compounds for treating cervical dysplasia or carcinomas.
• the document is silent at least with respect to the inventive therapeutic indication.
• the cervical cell abnormalities to be treated are selected from ASC-US, ASC-H, AGO, LSIL and HSIL, preferably from ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC and LSIL, more preferably from ASC-US, ASC-H and AGC, yet even more preferably from ASC-US and ASC-H, in particular from ASC-US, all according to the Bethesda system (see also explanation and book citation above).
• the patient has cervical cell abnormalities selected from ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC, LSIL and HSIL, preferably from ASC-US, ASC-H, AGC and LSIL, more preferably from ASC-US, ASC-H and AGC, yet even more preferably from ASC-US and ASC-H, in particular from ASC-US; in particular as determined by cervical smear screening (especially of said region of the cervix uteri).
• said progression of cervical cell abnormalities comprises (or: is further defined as) at least one of change from ASC-US to ASC-H, change from ASC-US to AGC, change from ASC-US to LSIL, change from ASC-US to HSIL, change from ASC-H to AGC, change from ASC-H to LSIL, change from ASC-H to HSIL, change from AGC to LSIL, change from AGC to HSIL and change from LSIL to HSIL, preferably at least one of change from ASC-US to ASC-H, change from ASC-US to AGC, change from ASC-US to LSIL, change from ASC-US to HSIL, change from ASC-H to AGC, change from ASC-H to LSIL and change from ASC-H to HSIL, more preferably at least one of change from ASC-US to ASC-H, change from ASC-US to AGC, change from ASC-US to LSIL and change from ASC-US to HSIL, in particular at least one of
• such a change is determined after at least 30 days, preferably at least 60 days, more preferably at least 90 days, even more preferably at least 120 days, yet even more preferably at least 150 days or even at least 180 days have passed after initial screening which may e.g. performed when starting the inventive treatment.
• pl6 also known as pl6 INK4a or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
• pl6 INK4a or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A is a protein that is encoded by the CDKN2A gene in humans. Overexpression of pl6 is a biomarker of increased cervical cancer risk.
• Ki-67 also known as KI-67 or MKI67
• Ki-67 is a protein that is encoded by the MKI67 gene in humans. Ki-67 is a biomarker for cell proliferation. Both of these biomarkers may be tested for instance with the CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland) which is a commercially available, approved cytological assay (see e.g. Ravarino, A., et al. (2012). CINtec
• pl6/Ki-67 dual-staining is also disclosed in Schmidt, Dietmar, et al. "pl6/Ki-67 dual-stain cytology in the triage of ASCUS and LSIL Papanicolaou cytology: results from the European equivocal or mildly abnormal Papanicolaou cytology study.” Cancer cytopathology 119.3 (2011): 158-166.
• the inventive therapy is especially effective in reducing progression of cervical cell abnormalities when they are associated with biomarkers pl6 and Ki-67.
• the patient is pi6-positive, preferably pl6-positive and Ki-67-positive, at least in a region of the cervix uteri (and/or at least a portion of the cervical cell abnormalities is pl6-positive and/or Ki-67- positive) .
• the pharmaceutical composition is applied until the patient has become pi6-negative, preferably p!6- negative and Ki-67-negative, in said region (and/or until at least a portion of the cervical cell abnormalities has become pl6-negative and/or Ki-67-negative).
• a biopsy sample obtained from the region of the cervix uteri is defined as pl6-positive if at least one cell, preferably at least two adjoining cells, more preferably at least three adjoining cells, even more preferably at least five adjoining cells, in particular at least ten adjoining cells over-express pl6 compared to healthy control tissue, such as healthy adjoining cells in the biopsy sample, preferably wherein each of said cells are epithelial cells.
• such a biopsy sample is preferably defined as pie negative if less than ten adjoining cells, preferably less than five adjoining cells, more preferably less than three adjoining cells, even more preferably less than two cells, in particular no cell over-expresses pl6 compared to healthy control tissue, such as healthy adjoining cells in the biopsy sample, preferably wherein each of said cells are epithelial cells.
• the skilled person also knows how to assess whether a region of the cervix uteri (or at least a portion of the cell abnormalities) is Ki-67-positive, e.g. by performing a biopsy in the region and using a Ki-67 assay (such as an immunocytochemistry assay) known in the art.
• Ki-67 assay such as an immunocytochemistry assay
• a biopsy sample obtained from the region of the cervix uteri is defined as Ki-67-positive if at least one cell, preferably at least two adjoining cells, more preferably at least three adjoining cells, even more preferably at least five adjoining cells, in particular at least ten adjoining cells over-express Ki-67 compared to healthy control tissue, such as healthy adjoining cells in the biopsy sample, preferably wherein each of said cells are epithelial cells.
• such a biopsy sample is preferably defined as Ki-67-negative if less than ten adjoining cells, preferably less than five adjoining cells, more preferably less than three adjoining cells, even more preferably less than two cells, in particular no cell over-expresses Ki-67 compared to healthy control tissue, such as healthy adjoining cells in the biopsy sample, preferably wherein each of said cells are epithelial cells.
• pi6-positive and Ki-67- positive is defined as a positive result in the established CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland), especially as disclosed in CINtec® PLUS Interpretation Guide (Roche, 2016).
• a positive result is defined as the presence of at least one dual-stained cervical epithelial cell (the cytoplasm stains brown (pl6) and the nucleus stains red (Ki-67)).
• the total selenium content of the pharmaceutical composition is 0.01 mg - 1.25 mg, preferably 0.025 mg - 1.00 mg, more preferably 0.05 mg - 0.75 mg, even more preferably 0.10 mg - 0.50 mg, yet even more preferably 0.15 mg - 0.40 mg, especially 0.20 mg - 0.30 mg, per 5 ml of the composition.
• total selenium content does not imply that selenium has to be present as elemental selenium in the composition.
• 0.83 mg sodium selenite as the only selenium-containing compound per 5 ml of composition corresponds to a total selenium content ("selenium-equivalent content”) of 0.25 mg per 5 ml.
• the selenium dose per application can be low and still be effective.
• the total selenium dose is 0.01 mg - 1.25 mg, preferably 0.025 mg - 1.00 mg, more preferably 0.05 mg - 0.75 mg, even more preferably 0.10 mg - 0.50 mg, yet even more preferably 0.15 mg - 0.40 mg, especially 0.20 mg - 0.30 mg, per application. It is evident that "total selenium dose” does not imply that selenium has to be present as elemental selenium in the dose.
• 0.83 mg sodium selenite as the only selenium-containing compound of a dosage unit applied corresponds to a total selenium dose ("selenium-equivalent dose") of 0.25 mg per application.
• the pharmaceutical composition is applied at least once per day, preferably for at least 30 days, more preferably for at least 60 days, even more preferably for at least 90 days.
• a further preferred embodiment relates to the inventive pharmaceutical composition for use wherein the composition is applied once per day, preferably for at least 30 days, more preferably for at least 60 days, even more preferably for at least 90 days.
• the application of the pharmaceutical composition may be discontinued during menstruation of the patient.
• composition for use according to the present invention may additionally contain further suitable ingredients and/or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
• the pharmaceutical composition for use according to the present invention contains selenite in the form of sodium selenite (which is mostly present as a pentahydrate compound which starts to release crystal water at 40°C).
• the composition contains one or more acids in a total amount between 1 mg and 10 g acid, more preferably between 10 mg and 5 g acid, in particular between 100 mg and 1 g acid, per 100 g of the composition (in particular if the acid is added in its solid form).
• the acid may also be added in its liquid form (e. g. with water, i.e. as an aqueous solution).
• Water and aqueous solutions, respectively, optionally containing further ingredients, may be added to the composition according to the present invention in an amount between 0 and (about) 99.9 g, preferably between 50 and 99 g, in particular between 80 and 98g, per 100 g of the composition.
• the composition is present in the form of a gel, a suspension, an emulsion, a suppository such as gelatine capsules or gelatine-free capsules, a spray or a powder.
• the pharmaceutical composition for use according to the present invention preferably contains a gelling agent.
• a gelling agent Both inorganic and organic aqueous gelling agents may be used as a gelling agent.
• Particularly suitable gelling agents are cellulose derivatives, in particular carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and, in particular, hydroxyethyl cellulose.
• the gelling agents in particular hydroxyethyl cellulose, are used at a total concentration of between 0.1 g and 30 g, more preferably between 0.5 g and 5 g, in particular between 1 g and 3 g, per 100 g of the composition.
• a further particularly preferred embodiment of the composition for use according to the present invention especially when the composition is present in the form of a gel, contains silicon dioxide, in particular highly dispersed silicon dioxide, e. g. according to WO 2001/85852 Al, as a technological suspension medium and/or as an adsorbent.
• silicon dioxide in particular highly dispersed silicon dioxide, e. g. according to WO 2001/85852 Al, as a technological suspension medium and/or as an adsorbent.
• an amount between 100 mg and 50 g, more preferably between 500 mg and 10 g, in particular between 1 g and 5 g, Si02 per 100 g of the composition is used.
• composition for use according to the present invention preferably has a pH-value of less than 7.0, more preferably less than 5.0, in particular between 4.0 and 2.5.
• the composition may contain further excipients and/or further active ingredients, in particular buffer substances, colouring agents, stabilizers, preservatives, carrier substances or combinations thereof.
• buffer substances e.g., buffer substances, colouring agents, stabilizers, preservatives, carrier substances or combinations thereof.
• preservatives are potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.
• composition may additionally comprise further active agents such as antibiotics, antiviral agents, antimycotics, pain inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents or combinations thereof.
• the present invention also relates to a method for reducing progression of cervical cell abnormalities in a female patient (preferably wherein the patient is pl6-positive and Ki-67- positive at least in a region of the cervix uteri), comprising
• composition as defined herein; and - administering an effective amount of the composition to the patient, wherein the composition is applied intravaginally.
• the patient is in need of the inventive treatment .
• the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status of said region of the cervix uteri, preferably of the entire cervix uteri, of the patient is unknown or is not determined.
• said region of the cervix uteri, preferably the entire cervix uteri is preferably not infected with any HPV selected from HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33 and HPV58 (preferably with neither of the five).
• HPV infections may be specifically detected e.g. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assays of biopsy samples such as cervical smears, or other methods known in the art, since the genome sequences of HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33 and HPV58 are known. Genome sequences of these HPV types are for instance published in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank under the following accession numbers: K02718.1 (HPV16),
• the patient to be subject to inventive treatment is preferably older than 20 years, preferably older than 30 years, even more preferably older than 40 years, yet even more preferably older than 50 years.
• the patient is human.
• the inventive treatment has been found to be not as efficient in immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, the patient is preferably not immunosuppressed. In addition, or alternatively thereto, the patient preferably does not have cancer and/or chronic viral disease (or chronic viral disease other than HPV infection).
• the term "over-express" or similar in regard to a gene (product) A typically can mean that the expression level of A (as e.g. measured by Western blot or immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry ) e.g. in a biopsy sample is higher than the expression level of an appropriate control (such as healthy tissue of the same type), by a factor of at least 1.2 (i.e. an increase of at least 20%), preferably at least 1.4, more preferably at least 1.6, even more preferably at least 1.8, especially at least 2.0.
• an appropriate control such as healthy tissue of the same type
• Fig. 1 Difference in the cervical smear findings - Screening vs. 3 rd visit. An interim analysis showed that compared to the non-treated control arm the progression rate was strongly reduced in the active arm treated with the inventive therapy (0.0% in the active arm vs. 20.7% in the control arm). "at Screening”: initial screening of the patient, "at 3 rd Visit”: after 3x28 days of once-daily treatment.
• Fig. 2 Difference in the cervical smear findings - Screening vs. 4 th visit. Compared to the non-treated control arm the progression rate remained strongly reduced in the active arm treated with the inventive therapy even months after the treatment had ended (1.9% in the active arm vs. 19.3% in the control arm) "at Screening”: initial screening of the patient, "at 4 th Visit”: six months after initial screening.
• Fig. 3 Improvement of pl6/Ki-67 status. A much larger remission rate from pl6/Ki-67 double-stain positive was observed in the active arm treated with the inventive therapy, even months after the treatment had ended.
• "pl6/Ki-67 -” negative as determined with the established CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland) .
• "pl6/Ki-67 +” positive as determined with the established CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland).
• Figs. 4A and 4B Comparison between patients who were pl6/Ki-67-negative at baseline (Fig. 4A) with patients who were pl6/Ki-67-positive at baseline (Fig. 4B). Both groups of patients benefited from the inventive therapy also with respect to pl6/Ki-67 status; i.e. by maintaining the status of being pi6/Ki-67-negative or by changing the status back to pl6/Ki-67- negative. Surprisingly, for the group of patients who were pi6/Ki-67-positive at baseline (Fig. 4B), the percentage of patients for whom the inventive therapy achieved a benefit with respect to pl6/Ki-67 status during the observation period was much larger, when comparing the respective active arm to the respective control arm. "pi6/Ki-67(-) ": negative as determined with the established CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland). “pl6/Ki-67 (+) ": positive as determined with the established CINtec® PLUS test (Roche, Switzerland).
• Example 1 Pharmaceutical composition for use in reducing progression of cervical cell abnormalities
• composition is an aqueous vaginal gel having the following ingredients (per 5ml of gel): highly dispersed silicon dioxide 10.00 mg citric acid 24.80 mg sodium selenite 0.83 mg
• the present trial was a randomized, prospective, open label with control group multicentre study of 3 x 28 days once a day treatment with the composition of example 1 (female patients, age 25-60 years, no chronic viral disease, cancer and immunosuppressive treatment). Daily dose was 5 ml of the composition, applied intravaginally.

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