WO2021170052A1 - 一种整体式多层保温大棚 - Google Patents

一种整体式多层保温大棚 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021170052A1
WO2021170052A1 PCT/CN2021/077967 CN2021077967W WO2021170052A1 WO 2021170052 A1 WO2021170052 A1 WO 2021170052A1 CN 2021077967 W CN2021077967 W CN 2021077967W WO 2021170052 A1 WO2021170052 A1 WO 2021170052A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermal insulation
arch
shed
greenhouse
pulley
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PCT/CN2021/077967
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English (en)
French (fr)
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柳文涛
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柳文涛
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Application filed by 柳文涛 filed Critical 柳文涛
Publication of WO2021170052A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021170052A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/16—Dismountable or portable greenhouses ; Greenhouses with sliding roofs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural greenhouse manufacturing, in particular to an integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse.
  • Plastic greenhouses are widely used in the off-season production of vegetables today, taking advantage of their low prices and excellent thermal insulation properties.
  • the outermost arch of the general multi-membrane greenhouse is inserted into the soil, and a plastic film is laid on the outer arch to form an external insulation protection system. In the design and construction, it has strong wind, rain and snow resistance, and also has thermal insulation.
  • a multi-component inner arch bar group consisting of upper and lower layers, and an insulation layer laid on each inner arch bar group, are inserted into the soil at the bottom end of the arch bar of each inner arch bar group.
  • the arch group generally does not need to bear the load other than the supporting insulation layer.
  • the inner arch group arch can be set much sparser than the outer arch group arch, and the cost is lower, the heat preservation effect is better, and the time to market for fruits and vegetables can be earlier. It has greater economic benefits and is more common in production.
  • the layers are set independently, because the bottom ends of the arch rods of each group of arch rods are inserted into the soil separately, which is not convenient to disassemble and move, and cannot move as a whole at the same time;
  • the rods are kept at a certain distance.
  • the inner arch rods seriously affect the farming space of the machine, resulting in low farming efficiency. For example, to improve the farming efficiency, it is generally necessary to remove the inner arch rod and the thermal insulation layer on it, which is time-consuming and laborious.
  • the present utility model provides an integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse.
  • the device can easily move the entire greenhouse to realize the mechanized planting of crops in the greenhouse, reduce labor intensity, and improve mechanical farming. Efficiency, increase the number of multiple cropping in the greenhouse.
  • An integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse including an external thermal insulation shed and a plurality of internal thermal insulation sheds arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside;
  • the external thermal insulation shed includes a plurality of external arch rods
  • the internal thermal insulation shed includes a plurality of internal arch rods.
  • the multiple external arch rods and the internal arch rods are arranged at intervals along the length of the greenhouse, and the multiple external arch rods and the internal arch rods respectively pass through At least one longitudinal tie rod is connected, and the top of the inner arch rod and the outer arch rod are covered with an insulation layer;
  • the inner arch bar and the outer arch bar are fixed by connecting members, and the lower ends of the inner arch bar and the outer arch bar are both located above the ground plane.
  • the connecting member is a connecting rod, the upper end of the connecting rod is connected with the outer arch rod, and the lower end is connected with the inner arch rod.
  • the lower end of the outer arch is provided with an arch bearing plate, the arch bearing plate extends to the inside of the greenhouse, and the lower end of the inner arch is connected to the arch bearing plate.
  • the structure of the thermal insulation layer of the internal thermal insulation shed and the external thermal insulation shed are the same, and both include a top film and two skirt films;
  • the two skirt membranes are laid symmetrically on both sides of the heat preservation shed.
  • the lower end of the skirt membrane is used to be buried in the soil.
  • the two ends coincide with the upper ends of the two skirt films respectively.
  • the lower ends of the multiple skirt films on the same side of the multiple inner heat preservation sheds are fixedly connected.
  • a film reeling device is provided on the top of the outer heat-preserving shed or/and the inner heat-preserving shed, and the film reeling device is connected with the top film.
  • the outer heat preservation shed and the inner heat preservation shed are installed above the planting area through a mobile device;
  • the moving device includes a track and a plurality of pulleys.
  • the outer arch rod and the inner arch rod are connected with the track or pulley, and the pulley or track is arranged along the edge of the planting area through the ground pile.
  • the plurality of ground piles are arranged at intervals along the edge of the planting area, a pulley support is arranged on the top of each ground pile, the pulley is arranged on the top of the pulley support, the track is laid on the pulley, the outer heat preservation shed and the inner The arch poles of the heat preservation shed are all connected with the track.
  • the track is laid on the ground pile, the two ends of the outer insulation shed arch rod are respectively provided with a pulley bracket, the pulley is set at the lower end of the pulley bracket, the pulley is installed on the track, and the arch rod of the inner insulation layer is connected to the outer The arch pole connection of the insulation shed.
  • the pulley includes a horizontal bearing and a vertical bearing, the horizontal bearing and the vertical bearing are respectively installed on the top of the ground pile or the bottom of the outer arch through the pulley support, and are located on the same axis;
  • the track is U-shaped channel steel, the U-shaped channel steel is buckled on the horizontal bearing and the vertical bearing, the two ends of the horizontal bearing are in contact with the two side walls of the U-shaped channel steel, and the top of the vertical bearing is connected to the U-shaped channel steel. The top contact.
  • the utility model discloses an integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse, which comprises an external thermal insulation shed and a plurality of internal thermal insulation sheds which are arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.
  • the arch rods of the outer and inner heat preservation sheds are connected and fixed by structural connecting members to form an integral structure.
  • the integral outer heat preservation shed and the inner heat preservation shed can be moved at one time, so that part of the planting area is in the open air.
  • mechanical equipment for planting or harvesting which solves the problem of small space in the greenhouse and not suitable for mechanical equipment; at the same time, it increases the number of multiple cropping in the greenhouse and reduces soil-borne diseases and crop physiological diseases.
  • the described method of laying the thermal insulation layer on the inner arch rod facilitates the use of the film roll and greatly improves the work efficiency; the lower ends of the multiple skirt films on the same side of the multiple internal thermal insulation sheds are fixedly connected, which can be pressed at one time.
  • the soil realizes multi-membrane sealing.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of the utility model mobile greenhouse
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a greenhouse according to another embodiment of the utility model
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the laying of the thermal insulation film of the utility model
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mobile device of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the mobile device according to the second embodiment of the utility model
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of the mobile device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • a layer/element when referred to as being "on" another layer/element, the layer/element may be directly on the other layer/element, or there may be an intermediate layer/element between them. element.
  • the layer/element may be located "under” the other layer/element when the orientation is reversed.
  • an integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse including a mobile device, and several internal thermal insulation sheds and external thermal insulation sheds sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside.
  • the two moving devices are symmetrically arranged on the edge of the planting area.
  • the moving device includes a track and a plurality of pulleys.
  • the arches of the outer and inner heat preservation shed are connected to the track or pulley, and the pulleys or tracks are arranged along the edge of the planting area. .
  • the mobile device is set on the edge of the planting area through the ground pile group.
  • the ground pile group includes multiple ground piles arranged at intervals along the edge of the planting area. The length of all ground piles is the same as the edge line of the planting area, and the top of the ground pile is higher than the horizontal plane. , The mobile device is set on the top of it to avoid the problem that the mobile device is blocked by debris and it is difficult to move.
  • each pile is provided with a pulley support 3, the pulley 4 is set on the top of the pulley support 3, and the track 5 is laid on the pulley.
  • the arrangement direction of the pulleys moves to realize the overall movement of the multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse.
  • the track 5 is laid on the ground pile, the two ends of the arch pole of the outer thermal insulation shed are respectively provided with a pulley bracket, the pulley is set at the lower end of the pulley bracket, the pulley is installed on the track, and the pulley moves along the track to achieve The overall movement of the multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse; in the embodiment, the arch rods of the external thermal insulation shed are connected with pulleys, and the arch rods of the internal thermal insulation layer are connected with the arch rods of the external thermal insulation shed through the connecting rods, so that the external thermal insulation shed and the internal thermal insulation shed are formed The overall structure realizes synchronous movement.
  • the pulley 4 is set on the ground pile 1 through the pulley support 3, and positioning plates are provided on the pulley support 3 and the track.
  • the positioning plates extend to the inside of the greenhouse.
  • the two positioning plates are connected by pins to realize the positioning of the track. To realize the positioning of the greenhouse, the pins need to be removed when the greenhouse is moved, and the track can move along the pulley.
  • the lower part of the ground pile 1 is embedded in the soil, and the upper part is on the horizon.
  • the top of the ground pile 1 is provided with a pulley support 3, and the pulley 4 is installed on the top of the pulley support 3;
  • the pulley support 3 includes a supporting column and a pulley mounting column ,
  • the lower end of the supporting column is connected with the top surface of the ground pile,
  • the pulley mounting column is installed obliquely on the upper end of the supporting column, the pulley 4 is sleeved on the pulley mounting column, so that the pulley is inclined at 45°, and the upper end of the pulley is close to the side of the planting area.
  • the two ends of the top surface of the pulley 4 are respectively supported on the two inner side walls of the angle steel, and the side of the angle steel perpendicular to the ground is close to the edge of the planting area.
  • Two tracks 5 are symmetrically arranged on the top of the pulley 4 at the edge of the planting area.
  • the track 5 can move along the arrangement direction of the piles 1.
  • a plurality of arch fixing seats 6 are arranged on the top of the track 5 at intervals along its length.
  • the two ends of the arch rod are respectively connected with two arch rod fixing seats 6, so that the outer thermal insulation shed is supported on the track 5, and the movement of the track drives the whole shed to move.
  • the arch rod fixing seat 6 is a hollow tube structure.
  • the arch rod fixing seat is vertically arranged on the top of the track.
  • the lower end of the arch rod of the external thermal insulation shed is inserted into the hollow tube to realize the connection between the arch rod and the track.
  • the arch rod fixing seat 6 is on the side wall A screw hole is provided, and a top wire 13 is arranged in the screw hole, and the top wire is rotated to realize the fixed connection between the arch rod fixing seat and the arch rod.
  • the arch rod fixing seat 6 can also be inclinedly arranged on the top of the track to facilitate the installation of the arch rod in the greenhouse.
  • the plane of the arch bar of the outer thermal insulation shed is perpendicular to the ground
  • the top surface of the rail 5 is parallel to the ground
  • the pulleys are installed obliquely to avoid
  • the rail and the pulley support 3 are in conflict and friction to ensure that the rail 5 can move smoothly.
  • the track 5 is an L-shaped angle steel.
  • the horizontal side of the angle steel is located at the top of the pulley 4, and the vertical side is located at the end of the horizontal side close to the planting area. Both ends of the top surface of the pulley 4 are respectively supported on the two inner side walls of the angle steel.
  • the pulley 4 is a roller or a bearing, and circlips are arranged on both sides of the pulley, and the circlips are clamped on the pulley installation column to position the pulley in the axial direction.
  • the length of the pile groups in each row is greater than at least 1.5 times the length of the track 5, preferably 2-3 times the length of the track.
  • a positioning device is provided on the track and the pile 1 for positioning the track, including a guide rail fixing plate 7 and a positioning column 8.
  • a horizontal guide rail fixing plate 7 is provided on one side of the track and the pulley support, and the guide rail fixing plate 7 is provided There is a positioning hole, and the positioning column 8 passes through the two guide rail fixing plates 7 to connect the track and the pulley support to realize the positioning of the track and prevent the track from moving.
  • a plurality of guide rail fixing plates 7 are arranged at intervals on the track, and the interval distance is the same as the distance between two adjacent ground piles.
  • the positioning post 8 is a bolt.
  • the positioning hole of the guide rail fixing plate 7 is provided with threads.
  • the positioning post 8 is installed in the positioning hole through the threads, and the two guide rail fixing plates are fixed to realize the locking of the track and the pulley and prevent the track shaft Move to ensure the stability of the greenhouse.
  • a traction hook 10 is provided at the end of the track, and the traction device is connected with the traction hook 10 through a rope to complete the movement of the greenhouse. Move to the next working position, and use the positioning column to connect the two guide rail fixing plates 7 to realize the fixing of the mobile greenhouse frame.
  • a film-pressing rope fixing ring 2 is provided on one side of the ground pile, and the pressing rope of the insulating film is fixed on the film-pressing fixing ring 2 to improve the fixing efficiency of the insulating film.
  • the external thermal insulation shed includes a plurality of external arch rods and an external thermal insulation layer 17.
  • the multiple external arch rods 9 are arranged at intervals along the length of the greenhouse.
  • the external thermal insulation layer 17 is connected with the external arch rod through the circlip groove, and is laid on the upper part of the external arch rod to form an external thermal insulation system of the greenhouse.
  • Longitudinal tie rods are longitudinal rods that connect multiple arch rods longitudinally. Multiple outer arch rods are connected by longitudinal tie rods. The longitudinal tie rods are arranged on the top of the outer arch rods along the length of the greenhouse. In order to enhance the strength of the external thermal insulation shed, it is also Multiple longitudinal tie rods can be set.
  • the outer thermal insulation layer is a plastic film.
  • a film roll is used to uncover the outer insulation film.
  • the outer insulation layer 17 includes an outer top film 18 and two outer skirt films 19.
  • the two outer skirt films 19 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the greenhouse and laid along the length of the greenhouse.
  • the lower end of the outer skirt film 19 is used for prefabrication. Buried in the soil, the upper part of the outer skirt membrane 19 is fixed on the outer arch rod with a circlip.
  • the outer roof membrane is laid on the top of the outer arch rod, and the ends on both sides coincide with the upper ends of the outer skirt membrane, and are arranged symmetrically on the outer roof membrane.
  • the two ends of the outer roof film are connected with a film roll 16, which is used to roll the outer roof film to the top of the greenhouse or to lay it on both sides of the greenhouse to realize the uncovering of the outer roof film.
  • the thermal insulation film of the existing greenhouse is placed on the ground through a film roll, but the thermal insulation film cannot fit well with the ground, resulting in poor thermal insulation of the greenhouse. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outer skirt film and the outer roof film are used as the outer insulation layer
  • the combined structure of the outer skirt film is pre-buried in the soil, which can effectively prevent wind and rain and improve the sealing of the greenhouse.
  • the inner heat preservation shed and the outer heat preservation shed have the same structure. They include a plurality of inner arch rods 20 and an inner heat preservation layer. 15. The upper end of the connecting rod is connected with the outer arch rod, and the lower end extends downward and is connected with the top center of the inner arch rod.
  • An arch bearing plate 14 is provided on the side of the arch fixing seat 6 close to the greenhouse. The plate 14 extends horizontally to the inside of the greenhouse. The arch bearing plate 14 is provided with an inner arch rod seat. Whole movement.
  • the structure of the arch rod seat is the same as the structure of the arch rod fixing seat 6, and both have a hollow tube structure.
  • a plurality of longitudinal tie rods can be used to connect a plurality of inner arch rods, and the number of inner arch rods is equal to or less than the number of outer arch rods.
  • the inner arch rod, the inner arch rod and one of the outer arch rods are located in the same vertical plane, which reduces the weight of the greenhouse and enhances the stability of the greenhouse.
  • the number of the inner heat preservation shed is multi-layer, and the multiple inner heat preservation sheds are arranged at intervals from the inner layer to the outer layer.
  • a plurality of arch rod seats are arranged on the rod bearing plate at intervals, and the lower ends of all the inner arch rods are connected with the arch rod seats.
  • the inner arch rod is suspended on the ground, and the lower end of the inner arch rod is connected by a longitudinal tie rod.
  • the inner arch rod is connected with the outer arch rod through a connecting rod.
  • the internal thermal insulation layer includes two plastic films, which are laid on the inner arch symmetrically along the center of the greenhouse, and the splicing ends of the two plastic films are fixed by bonding or nailing.
  • two film rolls 16 are provided on the inner insulation shed of each layer.
  • the inner thermal insulation layer includes an inner roof membrane 21 and an inner skirt membrane 22.
  • Two inner roof membranes 21 are laid symmetrically on the inner arch rod along the center of the greenhouse, and two inner skirt membranes 22 are laid on the lower part of the outer arch rod, and their lower ends extend to the ground.
  • its upper end is fixed to the lower part of the outer arch rod by a pipe clamp, the lower end of the inner roof membrane 21 and the upper end of the inner skirt membrane 22 overlap each other, and each inner roof membrane 21 is equipped with a film roll 16. Used to uncover the inner top film 21.
  • the film roll can roll the inner insulation layer to the top of the inner arch, so when the outdoor temperature rises from low and no need to cover with multiple insulation layers, you only need to roll up the corresponding film on the top of the inner arch without removing it.
  • the inner arch and the inner thermal insulation layer; and the internal thermal insulation layer is not limited to new transparent plastic paper, old plastic paper, and other materials with thermal insulation can be used.
  • the lower part of the inner skirt film of the multi-layer inner insulation shed should be placed in the same direction and overlapped together, and fixed with a stapler.
  • the multi-layer skirt film can pass through the soil at one time, and the sand is compacted. Seal, increase heat preservation performance, and reduce the number of pressings.
  • the layered inner skirt film needs to be set through the arch bearing plate.
  • the corresponding inner skirt film can be divided into several parts first, and then spliced together where there is the arch bearing plate, and then fixed on the corresponding The lower end of the inner arch.
  • a plurality of pull rings are arranged on the stitched multilayer inner skirt film at intervals, and when it is necessary to move, the sand and soil pressed on it are removed first, and the pull rings are fixed to the outer arch rod by a rope to make the whole stitching
  • the lower ends of the inner skirt films that are together can be lifted off the ground, which can prevent the skirt film from rubbing against the ground during translation, scratching the skirt film, and affecting the seal and heat preservation.
  • the vertical arch of the shed head is covered with a plastic film.
  • the lower end of the vertical arch of the shed head is covered with a sleeve.
  • the sleeve is moved down and inserted into the soil to complete the fixation of the greenhouse, which greatly improves the wind and snow resistance of the greenhouse; when it is necessary to move the greenhouse, move the sleeve upward to separate the shed head from the soil.
  • the plastic film covered by the shed head should be set separately from the top film, and the upper part of the shed head and the end of the top film are blended at the bottom of the top film, which is beneficial to the thermal insulation of the large shed.
  • a screw or socket can be provided at the lower part of the arch connecting piece to facilitate the installation of a support column at the lower part of the arch connecting piece to enhance the ability of the greenhouse to prevent snow and heavy pressure.
  • the structure and principle of this embodiment are basically the same as those of the first embodiment. The difference lies in the structure and connection mode of the pulley and the track.
  • the specific structure is as follows:
  • the track 5 is U-shaped channel steel, and the pulley 4 includes a horizontal bearing 11 and a vertical bearing 12.
  • the horizontal bearing 11 and the vertical bearing 12 are respectively on the top of the ground pile through the pulley support, and are located on the same axis, which is the extension direction of the track.
  • the height of the horizontal bearing 11 is lower than the height of the vertical bearing, and the U-shaped channel steel is inverted in On the horizontal bearing 11 and the vertical bearing 12, the outer ring diameter of the horizontal bearing 11 is smaller than the distance between the two side walls of the U-shaped channel steel.
  • the channel steel is positioned horizontally, the top of the vertical bearing 12 is in contact with the top of the U-shaped channel steel; the vertical bearing 12 bears the gravity of the track, the track moves along the vertical bearing 12, and the horizontal bearing positions the track horizontally to prevent the track from moving and Other parts generate friction, which increases the friction of movement.
  • the utility model discloses an integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse.
  • a moving device makes the greenhouse move on pulleys to realize the horizontal movement of the greenhouse. When crops are planted, it will be connected with a track through a traction device to make the track move on the pulley. Keep part of the planting area in the open air, and then use mechanical equipment for planting or harvesting, which solves the problem of small space in the greenhouse that mechanical equipment is not suitable.
  • the pulleys are installed on the bottom surface through piles, and the track is connected with the greenhouse, which greatly shortens the length of the track and reduces the investment cost.
  • the pulleys on the piles are installed individually for easy operation , And can extend the length of the pile group according to the expansion of the planting area, thereby increasing the moving range of the greenhouse, increasing the number of multiple cropping in the greenhouse, reducing soil-borne diseases and crop physiological diseases;
  • the main body and pulleys of the greenhouse above the ground piles And track does not touch the soil, is not easy to rust, and is easy to maintain, which greatly increases the service life of the equipment.
  • the integral multi-layer thermal insulation greenhouse when it is necessary to move the greenhouse, moves along the pulley through the track to realize the overall movement of the inner and outer insulation shed, expands the arable area, and eliminates the process of dismantling and installing the shed, and improves work efficiency;
  • each additional layer of insulation will increase the temperature in the shed, bring fruits and vegetables to market earlier, and also reduce the height of the shed.
  • the entire multi-film shed is integrated by the ground beam, which is convenient for mechanical farming after removal; secondly, it solves the soil salinity The problem of chemistry.
  • each layer of arch poles is provided with insulation layer skirt film, so that the bottom end of the inner arch pole does not directly contact the soil.
  • the inner skirt membrane at the lower end of the inner arch rod can be superimposed and connected to the soil at its lower part, which can press the soil at one time, realize the sealing and fixation of multiple skirt membranes, and save manpower.
  • a plurality of pull rings are provided on the skirt film. After removing the pressure film and the soil, the pull ring can be lifted and fixed on the outer arch rod by a rope. When the whole shed is placed on the ground, the skirt film can be lifted as a whole to reduce the skirt film. The friction with the soil prevents the skirt film from being scratched and affects the sealing and heat preservation.
  • the skirt membrane when moving the greenhouse, the skirt membrane must be separated from the soil first, and the outer skirt membrane must be fixed to the outer arch rods, and the inner skirt membrane must be connected to the innermost arch rod to complete the entire greenhouse. move.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种整体式多层保温大棚，包括移动装置，以及由内而外依次设置的若干内保温棚和外保温棚；两个移动装置对称设置在种植区的边缘，移动装置包括轨道（5）和多个滑轮（4），外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆与轨道（5）或滑轮（4）连接，滑轮（4）或轨道（5）通过地桩（1）沿种植区的边缘设置；当种植农作物时，通过牵引设备与轨道（5）或滑轮（4）连接，实现大棚的整体移动，使部分种植区域处于露天状态，解决了大棚内空间狭小不适用机械设备的问题；同时增加了大棚复种次数，降低了土传病害和作物生理病害；另外，地桩以上的大棚主体、滑轮和轨道，不接触土壤，不易生锈，易于保养，提高了使用寿命。

Description

一种整体式多层保温大棚 技术领域
本实用新型涉及农业大棚制造技术领域，具体为一种整体式多层保温大棚。
背景技术
塑料大棚在当今蔬菜反季节生产中有着广泛的应用，利用了其低廉的价格和较为出色的保温性能。一般的多膜大棚最外层的拱杆插入土壤，在外拱杆上铺设塑料薄膜，形成了外保温层防护系统。在设计建造中，具有较强的防风，防雨雪性能，兼具保温。在外保温层防护系统的内部，再设置多组分为上下层的内拱杆组，以及铺设在各内拱杆组之上保温层，各内拱杆组的拱杆底端插入土壤，由于内拱杆组一般不需要负担除支撑保温层以外的荷载，内拱杆组拱杆可设置得较外拱杆组拱杆稀疏得多，成本较低，保温效果较好，可提早果蔬上市时间，具有较大的经济效益，在生产中较为普遍。
但是其缺点也较为明显：外拱杆组的拱杆，以及设置在外拱杆组内部的多层内拱杆组，拱杆下端一般都插入土壤固定，以及各层内外拱杆组上铺设的保温层分别独立设置，因其各组拱杆的拱杆底端分别插入土壤中，不便于拆卸和移动，更不能成为一个整体同时移动；尤其是在大棚内机械耕作时，机械耕作需与内拱杆保持一定的距离，内拱杆严重影响了机械的耕作空间，导致耕作效率低下，为例提高耕作效率，一般都需要拆除内拱杆和其上的保温层，费时费力。
再例如，由于设施大棚封闭的环境及气热条件，及过多使用化肥，易出现土壤次生盐渍化，通常需要每年夏季揭膜歇棚，利用自然降雨淋溶洗盐，揭膜歇棚 具体为揭除外膜，拆除内拱杆组及保温层，因为内拱杆骨架较为稀疏，揭去最外层塑料薄膜后，下大雨时留存在内保温层上的雨水会形成水兜，将没有拆除的内拱杆组重压变形，甚至折断，同时也费时费力。
因此，需要一种可整体移动的的多层保温大棚，既能通过不断增加保温层的个数，提前作物上市，又可以利用其多个保温层整体移动，大大提高效率的同时，方便机械操作。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本实用新型提一种整体式多层保温大棚，通过该装置能够便捷的对大棚整体进行移动，实现大棚内农作物的机械化种植，降低劳动强度，提高了机械耕作效率，增加大棚复种次数。
本实用新型是通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种整体式多层保温大棚，包括由外而内依次间隔设置的外保温棚和若干内保温棚；
所述外保温棚包括多个外拱杆，内保温棚包括多个内拱杆，多个外拱杆和内拱杆均沿大棚长度方向间隔设置，多个外拱杆和内拱杆分别通过至少一纵向系杆连接，内拱杆和外拱杆的顶部均铺设有保温层；
所述内拱杆和外拱杆通过连接构件固定，内拱杆和外拱杆的下端均位于地平面的上方。
优选的，所述连接构件为连接杆，连接杆的上端与外拱杆连接，其下端与内拱杆连接。
优选的，所述外拱杆的下端设置有拱杆承重板，拱杆承重板向大棚的内部延 伸，内拱杆的下端与拱杆承重板连接。
优选的，所述内保温棚和外保温棚的保温层结构相同，均包括顶膜和两个裙膜；
所述两个裙膜对称铺设在保温棚的两侧，裙膜的下端用于埋置在土壤中，裙膜的上端与拱杆连接，顶膜铺设在保温棚的顶部，顶膜宽度方向的两端分别与两个裙膜的上端重合。
优选的，多个内保温棚同侧的多个裙膜下端固连。
优选的，所述外保温棚或/和内保温棚的顶部设置有卷膜器，卷膜器与顶膜连接。
优选的，所述外保温棚和内保温棚通过移动装置安装在种植区的上方；
两个移动装置对称设置在种植区的边缘，移动装置包括轨道和多个滑轮，外拱杆和内拱杆与轨道或滑轮连接，所述滑轮或轨道通过地桩沿种植区的边缘设置。
优选的，所述多个地桩沿种植区边缘间隔设置，所述每个地桩的顶部设置一滑轮支座，滑轮设置在滑轮支座的顶部，轨道铺设在滑轮上，外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆均与轨道连接。
优选的，所述将轨道铺设在地桩上，外保温棚拱杆的两端分别设置一滑轮支架，滑轮设置在滑轮支架的下端，滑轮配装在轨道上，内保温层的拱杆与外保温棚的拱杆连接。
优选的，所述滑轮包括水平轴承和垂直轴承，水平轴承和垂直轴承分别通过滑轮支座安装在地桩的顶部或外拱杆的底部，且位于同一轴线；
所述轨道为U型槽钢，U型槽钢扣装在水平轴承和垂直轴承上，水平轴承的两端分别与U型槽钢的两个侧壁接触，垂直轴承的顶部与U型槽钢的顶部接触。
与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有以下有益的技术效果：
本实用新型公开的一种整体式多层保温大棚，包括由外而内依次间隔设置的外保温棚和若干内保温棚，外保温棚和内保温棚设置在种植区内地平面的上方，各保温外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆通过结构连接构件连接固定，形成整体结构，当种植农作物时，可通过将形成整体的外保温棚和内保温棚一次性移动，使部分种植区域处于露天状态，然后采用机械设备进行种植或收割，解决了大棚内空间狭小不适用机械设备的问题；同时增加了大棚复种次数，降低了土传病害和作物生理病害。
另外，依托大棚整体性，设置一对移动装置对大棚整体性移动，更加便利移动，提高工作效率，地桩以上的大棚主体、滑轮和轨道，不接触土壤，不易生锈，易于保养，大幅提高设备使用寿命。
其次，所述的将保温层铺设在内拱杆上的方式，方便了卷膜器的使用，大大提高了作业效率；多个内保温棚同侧的多个裙膜下端固连，可一次压土实现多膜封固。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本实用新型移动大棚结构图；
图2为本实用新型另一实施例的大棚结构图；
图3为本实用新型保温膜的铺设示意图；
图4为本实用新型移动装置的结构示意图；
图5为本实用新型实施例2移动装置的主视图；
图6为本实用新型实施例2移动装置的侧视图。
图中：1、地桩；2、压膜绳固定环；3、滑轮支座；4、滑轮；5、轨道；6、拱杆固定座；7、轨道固定板；8、定位柱；9、外拱杆；10、牵引钩；11、水平轴承；12、垂直轴承；13、顶丝；14、拱杆承重板；15、连接杆；16、卷膜器；17、外保温层；18、外顶膜；19、外裙膜；20、内拱杆；21、内顶膜；22、内裙膜。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的各种结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人 员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
本发明公开的上下文中，当将一层/元件称作位于另一层/元件“上”时，该层/元件可以直接位于该另一层/元件上，或者它们之间可以存在居中层/元件。另外，如果在一种朝向中一层/元件位于另一层/元件“上”，那么当调转朝向时，该层/元件可以位于该另一层/元件“下”。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
参阅图1-4，一种整体式多层保温大棚，包括移动装置，以及由内而外依次设置的若干内保温棚和外保温棚。
所述两个移动装置对称设置在种植区的边缘，移动装置包括轨道和多个滑轮，外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆与轨道或滑轮连接，所述滑轮或轨道沿种植区的边缘设置。
移动装置通过地桩组设置在种植区的边缘，地桩组包括多个沿种植区边缘间隔设置的地桩，所有地桩形成的长度与种植区边缘线等长，地桩的顶部高于水平面，移动装置设置在其顶部，避免杂物堵塞移动装置造成其移动困难的问题。
所述每个地桩的顶部设置一滑轮支座3，滑轮4设置在滑轮支座3的顶部，轨道5铺设在滑轮上，外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆均与轨道连接，轨道沿滑轮的排布方向移动，实现多层保温大棚的整体移动。
另一实施例中，将轨道5铺设在地桩上，外保温棚拱杆的两端分别设置一滑轮支架，滑轮设置在滑轮支架的下端，滑轮配装在轨道上，滑轮沿轨道移动，实现多层保温大棚的整体移动；在实施例中，外保温棚的拱杆与滑轮连接，内保温层的拱杆通过连接杆与外保温棚的拱杆连接，使外保温棚和内保温棚形成整体结构，实现同步移动。
所述滑轮4通过滑轮支座3设置在地桩1上，在滑轮支座3和轨道上均设置定位板，定位板向大棚的内部延伸，两个定位板通过销钉连接，实现轨道的定位，实现大棚的定位，需要移动大棚时拆掉销钉，轨道即可沿滑轮移动。
在该实施例中移动装置的结构具体如下：
地桩1的下部预埋在土壤中，上部位于地平线上，地桩1的顶部设置有滑轮支座3，滑轮4安装在滑轮支座3的顶部；滑轮支座3包括支撑柱和滑轮安装柱，支撑柱的下端与地桩的顶面连接，滑轮安装柱倾斜安装在支撑柱的上端，滑轮4套装在滑轮安装柱上，使滑轮45°倾斜设置，滑轮的上端靠近种植区的一侧，滑轮4顶面的两端分别支撑在角钢的两个内侧壁上，且角钢与地面垂直的一侧靠近种植区边缘。
两个轨道5对称设置在种植区边缘的滑轮4顶部，轨道5能够沿地桩1的排布方向移动，轨道5的顶部沿其长度方向间隔设置有多个拱杆固定座6，外保温棚拱杆的两端分别与两个拱杆固定座6连接，使外保温棚支撑在轨道5上，通过轨道的移动带动大棚整体移动。
拱杆固定座6为空心管结构，拱杆固定座垂直设置在轨道的顶部，外保温棚拱杆的下端插入空心管中，实现拱杆和轨道的连接，拱杆固定座6的侧壁上设置有螺孔，螺孔中设置有顶丝13，旋转顶丝实现拱杆固定座与拱杆的固连。
拱杆固定座6也可以倾斜设置在轨道的顶部，便于大棚拱杆的安装。当大棚拱杆9的两端分别与两个轨道顶部的拱杆固定座6插接完成时，外保温棚拱杆所在平面与地面垂直，轨道5的顶面与地面平行，滑轮倾斜安装，避免轨道和滑轮支座3相抵触摩擦，保证轨道5得以平滑移动。
该轨道5为L型角钢，角钢的水平侧位于滑轮4的顶部，垂直侧位于水平侧靠近种植区的一端，滑轮4顶面的两端分别支撑在角钢的两个内侧壁上。
该滑轮4为滚轮或轴承，滑轮的两侧设置有卡簧，卡簧卡接在滑轮安装柱上，对滑轮轴向定位。
每排的地桩组的长短大于轨道5长度的至少1.5倍，优选为轨道长度的2-3倍。
轨道和地桩1上设置有定位装置，用于对轨道进行定位，包括导轨固定板7和定位柱8，轨道和滑轮支座的一侧设置水平的导轨固定板7，导轨固定板7上设置有定位孔，定位柱8穿过两个导轨固定板7将轨道和滑轮支座连接，实现轨道的定位，防止轨道移动。轨道上间隔设置多个导轨固定板7，其间隔距离与相邻两个地桩之间的距离相同。
该定位柱8为螺栓，导轨固定板7的定位孔中设置有螺纹，定位柱8通过螺纹安装在定位孔中，并将两个导轨固定板进行固定，实现轨道和滑轮的锁定，防止轨道轴向移动，保证大棚的稳定性。
轨道的端部设置有牵引钩10，牵引设备通过绳索与牵引钩10连接，完成大 棚的移动。移动至下一个工作位置，采用定位柱将两个导轨固定板7的进行连接，实现了移动大棚骨架的固定。
地桩的一侧设置有压膜绳固定环2，保温膜的压绳固定在压膜绳固定环2上，提高保温膜的固定效率。
外保温棚包括多个外拱杆和外保温层17，多个外拱杆9沿大棚的长度方向间隔设置，外拱杆9的下端与拱杆固定座6连接，外保温层17覆盖在外拱杆的顶部，外保温层17通过卡簧卡槽配合与外拱杆连接，铺设在外拱杆上部，进而形成大棚的外保温系统。
纵向系杆是纵向连接多个拱杆的纵向杆件，多个外拱杆采用纵向系杆连接，纵向系杆沿大棚的长度方法设置在外拱杆的顶部，为了增强外保温棚的强度，也可以设置多个纵向系杆。
所述外保温层为塑料薄膜。
在另一实施例中，由于外保温层需要反复的揭盖，增加了劳动强度，因此采用卷膜器进行外保温膜的揭盖。
所述外保温层17包括外顶膜18和两个外裙膜19，两个外裙膜19对称设置在大棚的两侧，并沿大棚的长度方向铺设，外裙膜19的下端用于预埋在土壤中，外裙膜19的上部采用卡簧固定在外拱杆上，外顶膜铺设在外拱杆的顶部，其两侧的端部与外裙膜的上端重合，在外顶膜上对称设置有两个卷膜器，外顶膜的两端与一个卷膜器16连接，卷膜器用于外顶膜向大棚的顶部卷起或向大棚的两侧铺设，实现外顶膜的揭盖。
现有大棚的保温膜通过卷膜器放置在地面上，但是保温膜不能与地面很好的贴合，导致大棚的保温性差，因此本实施例中，外保温层采用外裙膜和外顶膜的 组合结构，将外裙膜的预埋在土壤中，可有效的防风防雨，提高大棚的密封性。
所述内保温棚和外保温棚的结构相同，其包括多个内拱杆20和内保温层，多个内拱杆沿大棚的长度方向间隔设置，在外拱杆的顶部的中心设置有连接杆15，连接杆的上端与外拱杆连接，其下端向下延伸，并与内拱杆的顶部中心连接，在拱杆固定座6靠近大棚的一侧设置有拱杆承重板14，拱杆承重板14水平向大棚的内部延伸，拱杆承重板14上设置有内拱杆座，内拱杆的下端与内拱杆座连接，进而使外拱杆、内拱杆和轨道形成整体结构，便于整体移动。
该拱杆座的结构与拱杆固定座6的结构相同，均为空心管结构。
进一步，为了提高内保温棚的稳定性，可以采用多个纵向系杆连接多个内拱杆，内拱杆的数量等于或小于外拱杆的数量，例如，相邻两个外拱杆设置一内拱杆，内拱杆与其中一个外拱杆位于同一垂直平面，这个减轻了大棚的重量，增强大棚的稳定性。
所述内保温棚的数量为多层，多个内保温棚由内而外层层间隔设置，外拱杆通过连接杆15依次连接每一层内保温棚的内拱杆，相应的，在拱杆承重板上间隔设置多个拱杆座，所有的内拱杆的下端均与拱杆座连接。
在另一实施中，内拱杆悬空在地面上，内拱杆的下端通过纵拉杆连接。内拱杆通过连接杆与外拱杆连接。
为了便于铺设内保温层，内保温层包括两幅塑料薄膜，两幅塑料薄膜沿大棚的中心对称铺设在内拱杆上，两幅塑料薄膜的拼阶端采用粘接或钉接固定。
在另一实施例中，为了便于内保温层的揭盖，在每层的内保温棚上设置两个卷膜器16。
内保温层包括内顶膜21和内裙膜22，两个内顶膜21沿大棚的中心对称铺设 在内拱杆上，两个内裙膜22铺设在外拱杆的下部，其下端延伸至地面，用于预埋在土壤中，其上端通过管卡固定在外拱杆的下部，内顶膜21的下端与和内裙膜22的上端相互重合，每个内顶膜21上安装一卷膜器16，用于揭盖内顶膜21。
卷膜器可以将内保温层卷至内拱杆顶部，所以在室外温度由低升高，不需要多保温层覆盖时，只需要将相应的薄膜卷起收于内拱杆顶部，而无需拆除内拱杆和内保温层；且内保温层不限于必须是新的透明的塑料纸，旧的塑料纸，其它具有保温的材料均可使用。
如采用多层内保温棚，则将多层内保温棚的内裙膜的下部摆放同一方向并重合在一起，并用订书机固定，多层裙膜可以一次性的通过土壤，沙土压紧密封，增加保温性能，更能减少压土次数。
需要说明的是，分层设置内裙膜需要穿过拱杆承重板设置，可以将相应的内裙膜先分开几部分，在具有拱杆承重板的地方再拼接在一起，而后固定在相应的内拱杆的下端。
进一步的，在订合的多层内裙膜上间隔设置多个拉环，在需要移动时，先除去镇压在其上的沙土，将拉环通过绳索固定于外拱杆上，使整个订合在一起的内裙膜下端可提起离开地面，可以在平移时候避免裙膜贴地摩擦，刮坏裙膜，影响密封保温。
在外保温棚的两端还设置有棚头，棚头的垂直拱杆上覆盖有塑料薄膜，棚头垂直拱杆的下端套设有套管，套管能够沿垂直拱杆上下移动，当需要对大棚固定时，套管向下移动，插入土壤中，完成大棚的固定，大大提高大棚的抗风雪能力；当需要移动大棚时，将套管向上移动，进而使棚头与土壤分离。设置卷膜器的保温棚，棚头覆盖的塑料薄膜需与顶膜分开设置，且棚头的上部与顶膜的端部掺合 在顶膜的底部，有利于大棚的保温。
进一步的，可在拱杆连接件的下部设置螺口，或插口，方便在其下部设置支撑柱，加强大棚防雪，防重压能力。
实施例2
本实施与实施例1的结构和原理基本相同，不同之处在于滑轮和轨道的结构及其连接方式，具体结构如下：
如图5和6所示，该轨道5为U型槽钢，滑轮4包括水平轴承11和垂直轴承12。
水平轴承11和垂直轴承12分别通过滑轮支座在地桩的顶部，且位于同一轴线，该轴线为轨道的延长方向，水平轴承11的高度低于垂直轴承的高度，U型槽钢倒装在水平轴承11和垂直轴承12上，水平轴承11的外圈直径小于U型槽钢两个侧壁的距离，轨道5移动时，水平轴承11的两端分别与U型槽钢的两个侧壁接触，对槽钢进行横向定位，垂直轴承12的顶部与U型槽钢的顶部接触；垂直轴承12承受轨道的重力，轨道沿垂直轴承12移动，水平轴承对轨道进行水平定位，防止轨道移动与其它部件产生摩擦，增大移动的摩擦力。
本实用新型公开的一种整体式多层保温大棚，通过移动装置使大棚在滑轮上移动，实现大棚的水平移动，当种植农作物时，将通过牵引设备与轨道连接，使轨道在滑轮上移动，使部分种植区域处于露天状态，然后采用机械设备进行种植或收割，解决了大棚内空间狭小不适用机械设备的问题。同时，采用滑轮和轨道的移动结构，通过地桩将滑轮安装在底面上，将轨道与大棚连接，大大的缩短的轨道的长度，降低了投资费用，同时地桩上的滑轮单个安装，便于操作，而且能够根据种植区的扩大延长地桩组的长度，进而增大大棚的移动范围，同时增加了 大棚复种次数，降低了土传病害和作物生理病害；其次，地桩以上的大棚主体、滑轮和轨道，不接触土壤，不易生锈，易于保养，大幅提高设备使用寿命。
该整体式多层保温大棚，在需要移动大棚时，通过轨道沿滑轮移动，实现内外保温棚的整体移动，扩大了可耕作面积，又省却了拆棚装棚的工序，提高工作效率；采用多层棚结构，每增加一层保温层都会提高棚内温度，提早果蔬上市，也会降低大棚高度，整个多膜棚通过地梁成为一整体，移开后方便机械耕作；其次，解决土壤盐渍化的问题。
进一步的，可在各层保温棚上加装卷膜器后，提高大棚的自动化，同时每层拱杆的底端设置保温层裙膜，使内拱杆底端不直接与土壤接触，设置于内拱杆下端的内裙膜，其下部与土壤接触的部分可互相重合连接在一起，可一次压土，实现多裙膜封土固定，节约人力。
进一步的，裙膜上设置多个拉环，在除去压膜封土后，可将拉环通过绳索提起固定在外拱杆上，在大棚整体贴地平移时，可将裙膜整体提起，减少裙膜与土壤的摩擦，防止刮烂裙膜，影响密封保温。
需要说明的是，进行大棚移动操作时，首先需要将裙膜与土壤分离，外裙膜与外拱杆固定，所的内裙膜与最内层的内拱杆连接，即可进行大棚的整体移动。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，包括由外而内依次间隔设置的外保温棚和若干内保温棚；
    所述外保温棚包括多个外拱杆，内保温棚包括多个内拱杆，多个外拱杆和内拱杆均沿大棚长度方向间隔设置，多个外拱杆通过至少一纵向系杆连接，内拱杆和外拱杆的顶部均铺设有保温层；
    所述内拱杆和外拱杆通过连接构件固定，内拱杆和外拱杆的下端均位于地平面的上方。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述连接构件为连接杆(15)，连接杆的上端与外拱杆连接，其下端与内拱杆连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述外拱杆的下端设置有拱杆承重板(14)，拱杆承重板(14)向大棚的内部延伸，内拱杆的下端与拱杆承重板(14)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述内保温棚和外保温棚的保温层结构相同，均包括顶膜和两个裙膜；
    所述两个裙膜对称铺设在保温棚的两侧，裙膜的下端用于埋置在土壤中，裙膜的上端与拱杆连接，顶膜铺设在保温棚的顶部，顶膜宽度方向的两端分别与两个裙膜的上端重合。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，多个内保温棚同侧的多个裙膜下端固连。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述外保温棚或/和内保温棚的顶部设置有卷膜器(16)，卷膜器与顶膜连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述外 保温棚和内保温棚通过移动装置安装在种植区的上方；
    两个移动装置对称设置在种植区的边缘，移动装置包括轨道和多个滑轮，外拱杆和内拱杆与轨道或滑轮连接，所述滑轮或轨道通过地桩(1)沿种植区的边缘设置。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述多个地桩沿种植区边缘间隔设置，所述每个地桩的顶部设置一滑轮支座(3)，滑轮(4)设置在滑轮支座(3)的顶部，轨道(5)铺设在滑轮上，外保温棚和内保温棚的拱杆均与轨道连接。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述轨道(5)铺设在地桩上，外保温棚拱杆的两端分别设置一滑轮支架，滑轮设置在滑轮支架的下端，滑轮配装在轨道上，内保温层的拱杆与外保温棚的拱杆连接。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种整体式多层保温大棚，其特征在于，所述滑轮(4)包括水平轴承(11)和垂直轴承(12)，水平轴承(11)和垂直轴承(12)分别通过滑轮支座安装在地桩的顶部或外拱杆的底部，且位于同一轴线；
    所述轨道为U型槽钢，U型槽钢扣装在水平轴承(11)和垂直轴承(12)上，水平轴承(11)的两端分别与U型槽钢的两个侧壁接触，垂直轴承(12)的顶部与U型槽钢的顶部接触。
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