WO2021169906A1 - R-t-b system permanent magnet material, preparation method therefor and use thereof - Google Patents

R-t-b system permanent magnet material, preparation method therefor and use thereof Download PDF

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WO2021169906A1
WO2021169906A1 PCT/CN2021/077200 CN2021077200W WO2021169906A1 WO 2021169906 A1 WO2021169906 A1 WO 2021169906A1 CN 2021077200 W CN2021077200 W CN 2021077200W WO 2021169906 A1 WO2021169906 A1 WO 2021169906A1
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percentage
mass
content
permanent magnet
raw material
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PCT/CN2021/077200
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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付刚
黄吉祥
黄佳莹
陈大崑
黄清芳
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厦门钨业股份有限公司
福建省长汀金龙稀土有限公司
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Publication of WO2021169906A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021169906A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
    • H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing

Definitions

  • the content of Ti is preferably 0.2 to 0.25 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, and the percentage is based on the raw material composition The mass percentage of the total mass of the material.
  • the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
  • the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24wt%; Pr 8wt%; Ga 0.75wt%; Cu 0.45wt% ; Al 0.06wt%; Co 0.5wt%; Zr 0.2wt%; B 0.92wt%; Fe 65.12wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
  • the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
  • the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.752wt%; Pr 8.252wt%; Ga 0.554wt%; Cu 0.552wt%; Al 0.108wt%; Co 1.501wt%; Nb 0.501wt%; B 0.942wt%; Fe 62.838wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are an R-T-B system permanent magnet material, a preparation method therefor and the use thereof. A raw material composition for the R-T-B system permanent magnet material comprises the following amounts of components by mass: 28.5-33.0% of R; Ga: ＞0.5%; Cu: ≥0.4%; 0.84-0.94% of B; 0.05-0.07% of Al; Co: ≤2.5%, exclusive of 0; 60-70% of Fe; and N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb, wherein when N comprises Ti, the content of Ti is 0.15-0.25%, when N comprises Zr, the content of Zr is 0.2-0.35%, and when N comprises Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5%, with the percentages being the mass percentages of the components relative to the total mass of the raw material composition. The magnetic performance of the R-T-B system permanent magnet material is relatively good, and products of the same batch have a uniform magnetic performance.

Description

一种R-T-B系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用A kind of R-T-B series permanent magnet material and its preparation method and application 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种R-T-B系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用。The invention relates to an R-T-B series permanent magnet material and a preparation method and application thereof.
背景技术Background technique
R-T-B系烧结磁铁(R指稀土元素，T指过渡金属元素及第三主族金属元素，B指硼元素)由于其优异的磁特性而被广泛应用于电子产品、汽车、风电、家电、电梯及工业机器人等领域，例如硬盘、手机、耳机、和电梯曳引机、发电机等永磁电机中作为能量源等，其需求日益扩大，且各产商对于磁铁性能例如剩磁、矫顽力性能的要求也逐步提升。RTB series sintered magnets (R refers to rare earth elements, T refers to transition metal elements and metal elements of the third main group, B refers to boron element) are widely used in electronic products, automobiles, wind power, home appliances, elevators and Industrial robots and other fields, such as hard disks, mobile phones, headsets, and permanent magnet motors such as elevator traction machines, generators, etc., are used as energy sources, and their demand is increasing. The requirements have gradually increased.
为了提升R-T-B系烧结磁铁的剩磁，通常需要降低B含量。但是当B的含量在较低水平时，会形成R 2T 17相。而R 2T 17不具有室温单轴各向异性，进而使得磁体的性能劣化。 In order to increase the remanence of RTB-based sintered magnets, it is usually necessary to reduce the B content. But when the content of B is at a low level, the R 2 T 17 phase will be formed. R 2 T 17 does not have uniaxial anisotropy at room temperature, which further deteriorates the performance of the magnet.
现有技术中，一般通过添加重稀土元素例如Dy、Tb、Gd等，以提高材料的矫顽力以及改善温度系数，但重稀土价格高昂，采用这种方法提高R-T-B系烧结磁体产品的矫顽力，会增加原材料成本，不利于R-T-B系烧结磁体的应用。In the prior art, heavy rare earth elements such as Dy, Tb, Gd, etc. are generally added to increase the coercivity of materials and improve the temperature coefficient. However, the price of heavy rare earths is high. This method is used to increase the coercivity of RTB-based sintered magnet products. Force, will increase the cost of raw materials, is not conducive to the application of RTB series sintered magnets.
因此，在不添加或少量添加重稀土的情况下，如何采用低B体系(B＜5.88at％)制备得到高矫顽力、高剩磁的R-T-B系磁铁是本领域亟待解决的技术问题。Therefore, how to prepare R-T-B magnets with high coercivity and high remanence by using a low-B system (B<5.88at%) without adding or adding a small amount of heavy rare earth is a technical problem to be solved urgently in this field.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中B＜5.88at％时，磁体性能差的缺陷，而提供了一种R-T-B系永磁材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明首次发现，现有技术中低B体系的R-T-B系磁体产品，虽然在小试中表现出矫顽力有所提高，但是在工业化生产中磁体仍然存在性能不均一的缺陷，如现有中国专利CN 110619984 A。为了使R-T-B系磁体产品适用于大规模的工业化生产，发明人经过大量研究和实验，发现通过控制Al的含量，同时将一定范围含量内的Ga和Cu与其他元素合适的配伍，能够制得本发明中磁体性能优异且性能均一的R-T-B系永磁材料。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect of poor magnet performance when B<5.88at% in the prior art, and to provide a R-T-B series permanent magnet material and a preparation method and application thereof. The present invention finds for the first time that in the prior art, the low-B system of RTB magnet products, although the coercivity has been improved in small tests, the magnets still have the defect of uneven performance in industrial production, such as the existing China Patent CN 110619984 A. In order to make RTB magnet products suitable for large-scale industrial production, the inventors have conducted a lot of research and experiments and found that by controlling the content of Al and at the same time matching Ga and Cu within a certain range with other elements, the invention can be prepared. The RTB-based permanent magnet material with excellent magnet performance and uniform performance in the invention.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明提供的技术方案之一为：One of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is:
一种R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，其包括如下质量含量的组分：A raw material composition of R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which includes the following components by mass content:
R：28.5～33.0wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 28.5-33.0wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：＞0.5wt％；Ga: >0.5wt%;
Cu：≥0.4wt％；Cu: ≥0.4wt%;
B：0.84～0.94wt％；B: 0.84～0.94wt%;
Al：0.05～0.07wt％；Al: 0.05～0.07wt%;
Co：≤2.5wt％但不为0；Co: ≤2.5wt% but not 0;
Fe：62～70wt％；Fe: 62～70wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.15～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.25 wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.2～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.2 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.5wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述R的含量较佳地为29.5～32.5wt％，例如29.5wt％、30wt％、30.5wt％、31wt％、32wt％，更佳地为30.5～32wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, the content of R is preferably 29.5-32.5wt%, for example 29.5wt%, 30wt%, 30.5wt%, 31wt%, 32wt%, more preferably 30.5~ 32wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
其中，所述原料组合物中，所述Nd的含量较佳地为21～25wt％，例如21.375wt％、21.5wt％、22.125wt％、22.5wt％、22.875wt％、23.25wt％、23.75wt％、24wt％、24.75wt％，更佳地为22～24％；百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, in the raw material composition, the Nd content is preferably 21-25 wt%, such as 21.375wt%, 21.5wt%, 22.125wt%, 22.5wt%, 22.875wt%, 23.25wt%, 23.75wt% %, 24wt%, 24.75wt%, more preferably 22-24%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述R中还可包括Pr。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, the R may further include Pr.
其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量可为＜0.2at％或者＞8at％；at％为在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比。Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of the Pr may be <0.2 at% or> 8 at%; at% is the atomic percentage in the raw material composition.
其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量较佳地在5～10wt％，更佳地为7～9wt％，例如7.125wt％、7.375wt％、7.5wt％、7.625wt％、7.75wt％、8wt％、8.25wt％；百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of Pr is preferably 5-10 wt%, more preferably 7-9 wt%, such as 7.125 wt%, 7.375 wt%, 7.5 wt%, 7.625 wt% , 7.75wt%, 8wt%, 8.25wt%; the percentages are the mass percentages of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中可不含重稀土元素，也可达到与现有技术的磁体材料的磁性能相当甚至更佳的水平。或者，所述原料组合物中还可包括RH，所述RH为重稀土元素。In the present invention, the raw material composition may not contain heavy rare earth elements, and may also reach a level equivalent or even better than the magnetic properties of the prior art magnet materials. Alternatively, the raw material composition may further include RH, which is a heavy rare earth element.
其中，当所述原料组合物中包含RH时，所述RH的含量较佳地为1.5～6wt％，更佳地为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, when the raw material composition contains RH, the content of the RH is preferably 1.5-6 wt%, more preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition .
其中，所述RH的种类较佳地包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种。Wherein, the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho.
当所述RH包含Dy时，所述Dy的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，例如2wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。When the RH contains Dy, the content of Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, for example 2% by weight, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
当所述RH包含Tb时，所述Tb的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，例如2wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。When the RH contains Tb, the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, for example 2% by weight, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述B的含量较佳地为0.85～0.94wt％，例如0.9wt％、0.915wt％、0.92wt％、0.94wt％，更佳地为0.915～0.94wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of B in the raw material composition is preferably 0.85 to 0.94 wt%, such as 0.9 wt%, 0.915 wt%, 0.92 wt%, 0.94 wt%, and more preferably 0.915 to 0.94 wt% wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比较佳地满足如下关系式：B/R≥0.38，式中，所述B为B在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比，所述R为R在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B preferably satisfy the following relationship: B/R≥0.38, where B is B in the raw material The atomic percentage in the composition, and the R is the atomic percentage of R in the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述R中还包括Pr时，优选地，所述B、所述Nd满足如下关系式：B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405，式中，B指的是所述B在原料组合物中的原子百分比，Pr指的是所述Pr在原料组合物中的原子百分比，Nd指的是所述Nd在原料组合物中的原子百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the R also includes Pr, preferably, the B and the Nd satisfy the following relational formula: B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405, where B It refers to the atomic percentage of the B in the raw material composition, Pr refers to the atomic percentage of the Pr in the raw material composition, and Nd refers to the atomic percentage of the Nd in the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Ga的含量较佳地为0.55～1.5wt％，例如0.55wt％、0.6wt％、0.65wt％、0.75wt％、0.85wt％、0.95wt％、1.05wt％、1.15wt％、1.25wt％，更佳地为1.05～1.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Ga in the raw material composition is preferably 0.55 to 1.5 wt%, such as 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.85 wt%, 0.95 wt% , 1.05wt%, 1.15wt%, 1.25wt%, more preferably 1.05~1.5wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Ga和所述B的原子比优选满足下列条件Ga＞7.2941-1.24B(at％)，并且，0.55wt％≤Ga＜1.05wt％。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, the atomic ratio of the Ga to the B preferably satisfies the following conditions: Ga>7.2941-1.24B (at%), and 0.55wt%≤Ga<1.05wt%.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Cu的含量较佳地为0.45～1wt％，例如0.45wt％、0.5wt％、0.55wt％、0.6wt％、0.65wt％、0.7wt％、0.8wt％、0.9wt％，更佳地为0.65～0.9wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Cu in the raw material composition is preferably 0.45 to 1 wt%, such as 0.45 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.55 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65 wt%, 0.7 wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, more preferably 0.65-0.9wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Al的含量较佳地为0.06～0.07wt％，例如0.06wt％、0.07wt％，更佳地为0.06wt％；百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Al in the raw material composition is preferably 0.06 to 0.07% by weight, such as 0.06% by weight, 0.07% by weight, and more preferably 0.06% by weight; the percentage is based on the raw material composition. The mass percentage of the total mass of the material.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Co的含量较佳地为0.5～2.5wt％，例如0.5wt％、1.00wt％、1.5wt％、2wt％、2.5wt％，更佳地为1.00～2wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Co in the raw material composition is preferably 0.5 to 2.5% by weight, such as 0.5% by weight, 1.00% by weight, 1.5% by weight, 2% by weight, and 2.5% by weight, more preferably 1.00-2wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，所述Fe的含量较佳地为64～69wt％，例如64.13wt％、64.265wt％、64.59wt％、64.78wt％、65.08wt％、65.12wt％、65.26wt％、65.35wt％、65.39wt％、65.85wt％、66.11wt％、66.135wt％、66.415wt％、67.29wt％、67.63wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Fe in the raw material composition is preferably 64 to 69 wt%, such as 64.13 wt%, 64.265 wt%, 64.59 wt%, 64.78 wt%, 65.08 wt%, 65.12 wt%, 65.26wt%, 65.35wt%, 65.39wt%, 65.85wt%, 66.11wt%, 66.135wt%, 66.415wt%, 67.29wt%, 67.63wt%, the percentages are the mass percentages of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量较佳地为0.2～0.25wt％，例如0.2wt％、0.25wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the N contains Ti, the content of Ti is preferably 0.2 to 0.25 wt%, such as 0.2 wt%, 0.25 wt%, and the percentage is based on the raw material composition The mass percentage of the total mass of the material.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量较佳地为0.25～0.35wt％，例如0.25wt％、0.26wt％、0.30wt％、0.35wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the N contains Zr, the content of the Zr is preferably 0.25 to 0.35 wt%, for example, 0.25 wt%, 0.26 wt%, 0.30 wt%, 0.35 wt% , The percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量优选为0.26wt％≤Zr＜(3.48B-2.67)wt％，式中，B指的是所述B占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the N contains Zr, the content of the Zr is preferably 0.26wt%≤Zr<(3.48B-2.67)wt%, where B refers to the B accounts for the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量较佳地为0.2～0.3wt％，例如0.2wt％、0.3wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the N contains Nb, the Nb content is preferably 0.2 to 0.3% by weight, for example, 0.2% by weight, 0.3% by weight, and the percentage is based on the raw material composition. The mass percentage of the total mass of the material.
本发明中，所述原料组合物中，当所述N包含Ti和Nb时，优选地，所述Ti或所述Nb的原子百分比≥0.55at％。In the present invention, in the raw material composition, when the N contains Ti and Nb, preferably, the atomic percentage of the Ti or the Nb is ≥0.55 at%.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Al: 0.06～0.07wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2 to 0.3 wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5 wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr;
Pr：5～10wt％；Pr: 5～10wt%;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Al: 0.06～0.07wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2 to 0.3 wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5 wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Al: 0.06～0.07wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Ti：0.2～0.25wt％；Ti: 0.2～0.25wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Al: 0.06～0.07wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Zr：0.25～0.35wt％；Zr: 0.25～0.35wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the raw material composition of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Al: 0.06～0.07wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Nb：0.2～0.3wt％；Nb: 0.2～0.3wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.375wt％；Pr 7.125wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.4wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 0.5wt％；Ti 0.15wt％；B 0.84wt％；Fe 69.01wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.375wt%; Pr 7.125wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.4 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 0.5wt%; Ti 0.15wt%; B 0.84wt%; Fe 69.01wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.125wt％；Pr 7.375wt％；Ga 0.6wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 1wt％；Ti 0.2wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 67.29wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.125wt%; Pr 7.375wt%; Ga 0.6wt%; Cu 0.45 wt%; Al 0.06 wt%; Co 1 wt%; Ti 0.2 wt%; B 0.9 wt%; Fe 67.29 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.5wt％；Pr 7.5wt％；Ga 0.65wt％；Cu 0.5wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 1.5wt％；Ti 0.25wt％；B 0.915wt％；Fe 66.135wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.5wt%; Pr 7.5wt%; Ga 0.65wt%; Cu 0.5 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 1.5wt%; Ti 0.25wt%; B 0.915wt%; Fe 66.135wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.875wt％；Pr 7.625wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.55wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 2wt％；Ti 0.15wt％；B 0.94wt％；Fe 65.26wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.875wt%; Pr 7.625wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.55 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 2wt%; Ti 0.15wt%; B 0.94wt%; Fe 65.26wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.25wt％；Pr 7.75wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.6wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 2.5wt％；Ti 0.25wt％；B 0.92wt％；Fe 64.13wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.25wt%; Pr 7.75wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.6 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 2.5wt%; Ti 0.25wt%; B 0.92wt%; Fe 64.13wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24wt％；Pr 8wt％；Ga 0.75wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 0.5wt％；Zr 0.2wt％；B 0.92wt％；Fe 65.12wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24wt%; Pr 8wt%; Ga 0.75wt%; Cu 0.45wt% ; Al 0.06wt%; Co 0.5wt%; Zr 0.2wt%; B 0.92wt%; Fe 65.12wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.75wt％；Pr 8.25wt％；Ga 0.85wt％；Cu 0.5wt％；Al 0.05wt％； Co 1wt％；Zr 0.26wt％；B 0.92wt％；Fe 63.42wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.75wt%; Pr 8.25wt%; Ga 0.85wt%; Cu 0.5 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 1wt%; Zr 0.26wt%; B 0.92wt%; Fe 63.42wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.375wt％；Pr 7.125wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.55wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 1.5wt％；Zr 0.3wt％；B 0.92wt％；Fe 67.63wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.375wt%; Pr 7.125wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.55 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 1.5wt%; Zr 0.3wt%; B 0.92wt%; Fe 67.63wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.125wt％；Pr 7.375wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.6wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 2wt％；Zr 0.35wt％；B 0.84wt％；Fe 66.11wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.125wt%; Pr 7.375wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.6 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 2wt%; Zr 0.35wt%; B 0.84wt%; Fe 66.11wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.5wt％；Pr 7.5wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.65wt％；Al 0.07wt％；Co 2.5wt％；Zr 0.25wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 65.08wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.5wt%; Pr 7.5wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.65 wt%; Al 0.07wt%; Co 2.5wt%; Zr 0.25wt%; B 0.9wt%; Fe 65.08wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.875wt％；Pr 7.625wt％；Ga 0.75wt％；Cu 0.65wt％；Al 0.07wt％；Co 0.5wt％；Zr 0.2wt％；B 0.915wt％；Fe 66.415wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.875wt%; Pr 7.625wt%; Ga 0.75wt%; Cu 0.65 wt%; Al 0.07 wt%; Co 0.5 wt%; Zr 0.2 wt%; B 0.915 wt%; Fe 66.415 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.25wt％；Pr 7.75wt％；Ga 0.65wt％；Cu 0.7wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 1wt％；Zr 0.26wt％；B 0.94wt％；Fe 65.39wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.25wt%; Pr 7.75wt%; Ga 0.65wt%; Cu 0.7 wt%; Al 0.06 wt%; Co 1 wt%; Zr 0.26 wt%; B 0.94 wt%; Fe 65.39 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24wt％；Pr 8wt％；Ga 1.05wt％；Cu 0.8wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 1.5wt％；Zr 0.3wt％；B 0.84wt％；Fe 63.45wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24wt%; Pr 8wt%; Ga 1.05wt%; Cu 0.8wt% ; Al 0.06wt%; Co 1.5wt%; Zr 0.3wt%; B 0.84wt%; Fe 63.45wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.75wt％；Pr 8.25wt％；Ga 1.25wt％；Cu 0.9wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 2wt％；Zr 0.35wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 62.54wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.75wt%; Pr 8.25wt%; Ga 1.25wt%; Cu 0.9 wt%; Al 0.06 wt%; Co 2 wt%; Zr 0.35 wt%; B 0.9 wt%; Fe 62.54 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下 质量含量的组分：Nd 22.875wt％；Pr 7.625wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.4wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 2.5wt％；Ti 0.18wt％；Nb 0.2wt％；B 0.84wt％；Fe 64.78wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.875wt%; Pr 7.625wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.4 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 2.5wt%; Ti 0.18wt%; Nb 0.2wt%; B 0.84wt%; Fe 64.78wt%; the percentage is the mass of each component in the total mass of the raw material composition The mass percentage.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.25wt％；Pr 7.75wt％；Ga 0.75wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 0.5wt％；Ti 0.2wt％；Nb 0.3wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 65.85wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.25wt%; Pr 7.75wt%; Ga 0.75wt%; Cu 0.45 wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 0.5wt%; Ti 0.2wt%; Nb 0.3wt%; B 0.9wt%; Fe 65.85wt%; the percentage is the mass of each component in the total mass of the raw material composition The mass percentage.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24wt％；Pr 8wt％；Ga 0.85wt％；Cu 0.5wt％；Al 0.07wt％；Co 1wt％；Nb 0.4wt％；B 0.915wt％；Fe 64.265wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24wt%; Pr 8wt%; Ga 0.85wt%; Cu 0.5wt% ; Al 0.07wt%; Co 1wt%; Nb 0.4wt%; B 0.915wt%; Fe 64.265wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.75wt％；Pr 8.25wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.55wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 1.5wt％；Nb 0.5wt％；B 0.94wt％；Fe 62.9wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.75wt%; Pr 8.25wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.55 wt%; Al 0.06 wt%; Co 1.5 wt%; Nb 0.5 wt%; B 0.94 wt%; Fe 62.9 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.5wt％；Pr 6.5wt％；Tb 2wt％；Ga 0.95wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.05wt％；Co 2wt％；Nb 0.3wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 65.35wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.5wt%; Pr 6.5wt%; Tb 2wt%; Ga 0.95wt %; Cu 0.45wt%; Al 0.05wt%; Co 2wt%; Nb 0.3wt%; B 0.9wt%; Fe 65.35wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the raw material composition .
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.5wt％；Pr 6.5wt％；Dy 2wt％；Ga 1.15wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.06wt％；Co 2.5wt％；Nb 0.35wt％；B 0.9wt％；Fe 64.59wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.5wt%; Pr 6.5wt%; Dy 2wt%; Ga 1.15wt %; Cu 0.45wt%; Al 0.06wt%; Co 2.5wt%; Nb 0.35wt%; B 0.9wt%; Fe 64.59wt%; the percentage is the mass of each component in the total mass of the raw material composition percentage.
本发明提供的技术方案之二为：一种R-T-B系永磁材料的制备方法，其包括下述步骤：The second technical solution provided by the present invention is: a preparation method of R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which includes the following steps:
将所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物的熔融液经铸造、制粉、成形、烧结和时效处理，即可。The molten liquid of the raw material composition of the R-T-B permanent magnet material is subjected to casting, powder milling, forming, sintering and aging treatments.
其中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物的熔融液可按本领域常规方法制得，例如：在高频真空感应熔炼炉中熔炼，即可。所述熔炼炉的真空度可为5×10 -2Pa。所述熔炼的温度可为1500℃以下。 Wherein, the molten liquid of the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material can be prepared according to a conventional method in the art, for example, smelting in a high-frequency vacuum induction melting furnace. The vacuum degree of the melting furnace may be 5×10 -2 Pa. The melting temperature may be 1500°C or less.
其中，所述铸造的工艺可为本领域常规的铸造工艺，例如：在Ar气氛中(例如5.5×10 4Pa的Ar气氛下)，以10 2℃/秒-10 4℃/秒的速度冷却，即可。 Wherein, the casting process can be a conventional casting process in the field, for example: cooling in an Ar atmosphere (for example, under an Ar atmosphere of 5.5×10 4 Pa) at a rate of 10 2 ℃/sec-10 4 ℃/sec , You can.
其中，所述冷却可通过辊轮中通入冷却水实现。优选地，所述辊轮的进水温度≤25℃，例如23.5℃、23.6℃、23.7℃或23.8℃。Wherein, the cooling can be realized by passing cooling water into the roller. Preferably, the inlet water temperature of the roller is ≤ 25°C, such as 23.5°C, 23.6°C, 23.7°C or 23.8°C.
其中，所述辊轮可为本领域常规的辊轮，例如铜辊。Wherein, the roller may be a conventional roller in the field, such as a copper roller.
其中，所述制粉的操作和条件可为本领域常规的操作和条件。所述制粉通常包括氢破工艺和气流磨工艺。Wherein, the operation and conditions of the powder milling can be conventional operations and conditions in the art. The pulverization usually includes a hydrogen cracking process and a jet milling process.
其中，所述氢破的工艺可为本领域常规的氢破工艺，例如经吸氢、脱氢、冷却处理，即可。Wherein, the hydrogen breaking process can be a conventional hydrogen breaking process in the art, such as hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation, and cooling treatment.
所述吸氢可在氢气压力0.15MPa的条件下进行。The hydrogen absorption can be performed under the condition of a hydrogen pressure of 0.15 MPa.
所述脱氢可在边抽真空边升温的条件下进行。The dehydrogenation can be carried out under the conditions of raising the temperature while drawing a vacuum.
其中，所述氢破后还可按本领域常规手段进行粉碎。所述粉碎的工艺可为本领域常规的粉碎工艺，例如气流磨粉碎。Wherein, after the hydrogen is broken, it can be pulverized according to conventional means in the field. The pulverization process can be a conventional pulverization process in the field, such as jet mill pulverization.
所述气流磨粉碎可在氧化气体含量120ppm以下的氮气气氛下进行。所述氧化气体指的是氧气或水分含量。The jet mill pulverization can be performed in a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxidizing gas content of 120 ppm or less. The oxidizing gas refers to oxygen or moisture content.
所述气流磨粉碎的粉碎室压力可为0.38MPa。The pressure of the crushing chamber of the jet mill crushing may be 0.38 MPa.
所述气流磨粉碎的时间可为3h。The pulverization time of the jet mill may be 3h.
所述粉碎后，可按本领域常规手段在粉体中添加润滑剂，例如硬脂酸锌。所述润滑剂的添加量可为混合后粉末重量的0.10～0.15％，例如0.12％。After the pulverization, a lubricant, such as zinc stearate, can be added to the powder according to conventional means in the art. The added amount of the lubricant may be 0.10-0.15% of the weight of the powder after mixing, for example 0.12%.
其中，所述成形的工艺可为本领域常规的成形工艺，例如磁场成形法或热压热变形法。Wherein, the forming process may be a conventional forming process in the field, such as a magnetic field forming method or a hot pressing and thermal deformation method.
其中，所述烧结的工艺可为本领域常规的烧结工艺，例如，在真空条件下(例如在5×10 -3Pa的真空下)，经预热、烧结、冷却，即可。 Wherein, the sintering process may be a conventional sintering process in the field, for example, preheating, sintering, and cooling under vacuum conditions (for example, under a vacuum of 5×10 -3 Pa).
所述预热的温度可为300～600℃。所述预热的时间可为1～2h。优选地，所述预热为在300℃和600℃的温度下各预热1h。The preheating temperature may be 300-600°C. The preheating time may be 1 to 2 hours. Preferably, the preheating is a preheating at a temperature of 300°C and 600°C for 1 hour each.
所述烧结的温度可为本领域常规的烧结温度，优选为1040～1090℃，更优选为1060～1078℃。The sintering temperature may be a conventional sintering temperature in the art, preferably 1040-1090°C, more preferably 1060-1078°C.
所述烧结的时间可为本领域常规的烧结时间，例如5～10h，再例如8h。The sintering time may be a conventional sintering time in the art, for example, 5-10h, and for example 8h.
所述冷却前可通入Ar气体使气压达到0.1MPa。Before the cooling, Ar gas can be introduced to make the gas pressure reach 0.1 MPa.
其中，所述时效处理包括一级时效处理和二级时效处理。Wherein, the aging treatment includes primary aging treatment and secondary aging treatment.
其中，所述一级时效处理可为本领域常规的一级时效处理工艺；优选地，所述一级 时效处理在高纯度Ar条件下进行。Wherein, the primary aging treatment may be a conventional primary aging treatment process in the art; preferably, the primary aging treatment is performed under high-purity Ar conditions.
所述一级时效处理温度的可为本领域常规的一级时效处理温度，优选为850～950℃，更优选为900℃。The primary aging treatment temperature may be a conventional primary aging treatment temperature in the art, and is preferably 850 to 950°C, more preferably 900°C.
所述一级时效的处理时间可为2～4h，优选为3h。The treatment time of the primary aging may be 2 to 4 hours, preferably 3 hours.
其中，所述二级时效处理的温度可为本领域常规的二级时效处理温度，优选为430～490℃，更优选为450～460℃，例如450℃、455℃、460℃。Wherein, the temperature of the secondary aging treatment may be a conventional secondary aging treatment temperature in the art, preferably 430-490°C, more preferably 450-460°C, such as 450°C, 455°C, 460°C.
所述二级时效的处理时间可为2～4h，优选为3h。The treatment time of the secondary aging may be 2 to 4 hours, preferably 3 hours.
其中，升温至所述一级时效处理或二级时效处理的温度的速率较佳地为3～5℃/min。所述升温的起点可为室温，例如20℃。Wherein, the rate of heating up to the temperature of the primary aging treatment or secondary aging treatment is preferably 3 to 5°C/min. The starting point of the temperature increase may be room temperature, for example, 20°C.
本发明的技术方案之三为：一种由上述方法制得的R-T-B系永磁材料。The third technical solution of the present invention is: an R-T-B series permanent magnetic material prepared by the above method.
本发明的技术方案之四为：一种R-T-B系永磁材料，其包括如下质量含量的组分：The fourth technical solution of the present invention is: an R-T-B series permanent magnetic material, which includes the following components by mass content:
R：28.5～33.0wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 28.5-33.0wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：＞0.5wt％；Ga: >0.5wt%;
Cu：≥0.4wt％；Cu: ≥0.4wt%;
B：0.84～0.94wt％；B: 0.84～0.94wt%;
Al：0.08～0.12wt％；Al: 0.08～0.12wt%;
Co：≤2.5wt％但不为0；Co: ≤2.5wt% but not 0;
Fe：62～70wt％；Fe: 62～70wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.15～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.25 wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.2～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.2 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.5wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料包含R 2T 14B主相、晶界相和富稀土相。 In the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnetic material includes R 2 T 14 B main phase, grain boundary phase and rare earth-rich phase.
其中，所述晶界相指的是两个或两个以上的R 2T 14B晶粒间的晶界相的总称。 Wherein, the grain boundary phase refers to the general term of the grain boundary phase between two or more R 2 T 14 B crystal grains.
其中，所述R 2T 14B相中，R是指稀土元素、T是指Fe和/或Co。 Wherein, in the R 2 T 14 B phase, R refers to a rare earth element, and T refers to Fe and/or Co.
其中，优选地，所述晶界相中包含R 6T 13M相；所述R 6T 13M相中，R是指稀土元素、T是指Fe和/或Co、M是指Ga和/或Cu。 Wherein, preferably, the grain boundary phase includes R 6 T 13 M phase; in the R 6 T 13 M phase, R refers to rare earth elements, T refers to Fe and/or Co, and M refers to Ga and/ Or Cu.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述R的含量较佳地为29.5～32.5wt％，例 如30wt％、30.004wt％、30.005wt％、30.009wt％、30.491wt％、30.5wt％、30.505wt％、31.004wt％、31.999wt％、32.005wt％、32.029wt％，更佳地为30～31.5wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, the content of R is preferably 29.5-32.5wt%, for example 30wt%, 30.004wt%, 30.005wt%, 30.009wt%, 30.491wt%, 30.5wt% %, 30.505wt%, 31.004wt%, 31.999wt%, 32.005wt%, 32.029wt%, more preferably 30-31.5wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
其中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Nd的含量较佳地为21～25wt％，例如21.371wt％、21.375wt％、21.503wt％、21.506wt％、22.121wt％、22.126wt％、22.502wt％、22.503wt％、22.871wt％、22.874wt％、22.876wt％、23.252wt％、23.752wt％、24.012wt％、24.032wt％、24.751wt％、24.752wt％，更佳地为22～24wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, in the RTB-based permanent magnet material, the Nd content is preferably 21-25wt%, such as 21.371wt%, 21.375wt%, 21.503wt%, 21.506wt%, 22.121wt%, 22.126wt%, 22.502wt%, 22.503wt%, 22.871wt%, 22.874wt%, 22.876wt%, 23.252wt%, 23.752wt%, 24.012wt%, 24.032wt%, 24.751wt%, 24.752wt%, more preferably 22~ 24wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述R中还可包括Pr。In the present invention, in the R-T-B system permanent magnetic material, the R may further include Pr.
其中，所述Pr的含量可为＜0.2at％或者＞8at％；at％为在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比。Wherein, the content of Pr can be <0.2at% or >8at%; at% is the atomic percentage in the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material.
其中，所述Pr的含量较佳地在5～10wt％，例如6.503wt％、6.508wt％、7.123wt％、7.128wt％、7.371wt％、7.372wt％、7.497wt％、7.502wt％、7.62wt％、7.626wt％、7.629wt％、7.752wt％、7.987wt％、7.997wt％、8.252wt％、8.253wt％，更佳地为7～9wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, the content of Pr is preferably 5-10wt%, for example, 6.503wt%, 6.508wt%, 7.123wt%, 7.128wt%, 7.371wt%, 7.372wt%, 7.497wt%, 7.502wt%, 7.62wt% wt%, 7.626wt%, 7.629wt%, 7.752wt%, 7.987wt%, 7.997wt%, 8.252wt%, 8.253wt%, more preferably 7-9wt%; the percentage is based on the RTB-based permanent magnet material The mass percentage of the total mass.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中可不含重稀土元素，也可达到与现有技术的磁体材料的磁性能相当甚至更佳的水平。或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中还可包括RH，所述RH为重稀土元素。In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnet material may not contain heavy rare earth elements, and may also reach a level equivalent to or even better than the magnetic properties of the prior art magnet materials. Alternatively, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material may further include RH, and the RH is a heavy rare earth element.
其中，当所述R-T-B系永磁材料中包含RH时，所述RH的含量较佳地为1.5～6wt％，更佳地为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。Wherein, when the RTB-based permanent magnetic material contains RH, the content of the RH is preferably 1.5-6wt%, more preferably 1-2.5wt%, and the percentage is based on the total of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material The mass percentage of mass.
其中，所述RH的种类较佳地包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种。Wherein, the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho.
当所述RH包含Dy时，所述Dy的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，例如1.998wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。When the RH contains Dy, the content of the Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, for example, 1.998 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
当所述RH包含Tb时，所述Tb的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，例如1.996wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。When the RH contains Tb, the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, for example, 1.996 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述B的含量较佳地为0.85～0.94wt％，例如0.902wt％、0.903wt％、0.904wt％、0.915wt％、0.916wt％、0.921wt％、0.922wt％、0.923wt％、0.941wt％、0.942wt％、0.945wt％，更佳地为0.915～0.94wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, the content of B is preferably 0.85 to 0.94 wt%, such as 0.902 wt%, 0.903 wt%, 0.904 wt%, 0.915 wt%, 0.916 wt%, 0.921. wt%, 0.922 wt%, 0.923 wt%, 0.941 wt%, 0.942 wt%, 0.945 wt%, more preferably 0.915 to 0.94 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比较佳地满足如下关系式：B/R≥0.38，式中，所述B为B在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原 子百分比，所述R为R在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnet material, the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B preferably satisfy the following relationship: B/R≥0.38, where B is where B is The atomic percentage of the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, and the R is the atomic percentage of R in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述R中还包括Pr时，优选地，所述B、所述Nd满足如下关系式：B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405，式中，B指的是所述B在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比，Pr指的是所述Pr在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比，Nd指的是所述Nd在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, when Pr is also included in the R, preferably, the B and the Nd satisfy the following relationship: B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405, where , B refers to the atomic percentage of the B in the RTB permanent magnetic material, Pr refers to the atomic percentage of the Pr in the RTB permanent magnetic material, and Nd refers to the Nd in the RTB permanent magnetic material The atomic percentage in.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Ga的含量较佳地为0.55～1.5wt％，例如0.55wt％、0.551wt％、0.552wt％、0.553wt％、0.554wt％、0.6wt％、0.65wt％、0.652wt％、0.75wt％、0.751wt％、0.753wt％、0.851wt％、0.852wt％、0.95wt％、1.05wt％、1.153wt％、1.253wt％，更佳地为1.05～1.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Ga in the RTB-based permanent magnet material is preferably 0.55 to 1.5 wt%, such as 0.55 wt%, 0.551 wt%, 0.552 wt%, 0.553 wt%, 0.554 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.652wt%, 0.75wt%, 0.751wt%, 0.753wt%, 0.851wt%, 0.852wt%, 0.95wt%, 1.05wt%, 1.153wt%, 1.253wt%, more preferably It is 1.05 to 1.5 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Ga和所述B的原子比优选满足下列条件Ga＞7.2941-1.24B(at％)，并且，0.55wt％≤Ga＜1.05wt％。In the present invention, in the R-T-B-based permanent magnetic material, the atomic ratio of Ga to B preferably satisfies the following conditions: Ga>7.2941-1.24B (at%), and 0.55wt%≤Ga<1.05wt%.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Cu的含量较佳地为0.45～1wt％，例如0.45wt％、0.451wt％、0.452wt％、0.5wt％、0.503wt％、0.55wt％、0.552wt％、0.6wt％、0.65wt％、0.7wt％、0.8wt％、0.9wt％，更佳地为0.65～0.9wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Cu in the RTB-based permanent magnet material is preferably 0.45-1wt%, for example 0.45wt%, 0.451wt%, 0.452wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.503wt%, 0.55wt %, 0.552wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.65wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, more preferably 0.65-0.9wt%, the percentage is the mass of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material percentage.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Al的含量较佳地为0.09～0.12wt％，例如0.091wt％、0.092wt％、0.093wt％、0.094wt％、0.103wt％、0.108wt％、0.115wt％，更佳地为0.09～0.11wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, the content of Al is preferably 0.09 to 0.12wt%, for example, 0.091wt%, 0.092wt%, 0.093wt%, 0.094wt%, 0.103wt%, 0.108 wt%, 0.115 wt%, more preferably 0.09 to 0.11 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Co的含量较佳地为0.5～2.5wt％，例如0.502wt％、0.503wt％、0.504wt％、0.996wt％、1.012wt％、1.014wt％、1.501wt％、1.502wt％、1.503wt％、1.992wt％、1.993wt％、2.012wt％，更佳地为1.00～2.00wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Co in the RTB-based permanent magnet material is preferably 0.5-2.5 wt%, such as 0.502 wt%, 0.503 wt%, 0.504 wt%, 0.996 wt%, 1.012 wt%, 1.014 wt% wt%, 1.501wt%, 1.502wt%, 1.503wt%, 1.992wt%, 1.993wt%, 2.012wt%, more preferably 1.00-2.00wt%, the percentage is based on the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material The mass percentage.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，所述Fe的含量较佳地为64～69wt％，例如64.079wt％、64.2wt％、64.536wt％、64.736wt％、65.082wt％、65.272wt％、65.31wt％、65.363wt％、65.796wt％、66.086wt％、66.097wt％、66.361wt％、67.249wt％、67.645wt％、68.964wt％，更佳地为64～69wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, the content of Fe in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material is preferably 64-69wt%, for example 64.079wt%, 64.2wt%, 64.536wt%, 64.736wt%, 65.082wt%, 65.272wt% %, 65.31wt%, 65.363wt%, 65.796wt%, 66.086wt%, 66.097wt%, 66.361wt%, 67.249wt%, 67.645wt%, 68.964wt%, more preferably 64 to 69wt%, the percentage is The RTB is the mass percentage of the total mass of the permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量较佳地为0.2～0.25wt％，例如0.202wt％、0.203wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, when the N contains Ti, the content of Ti is preferably 0.2-0.25wt%, such as 0.202wt%, 0.203wt%, and the percentage is RTB is the mass percentage of the total mass of permanent magnet materials.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量较佳地为0.25～0.35wt％，例如0.252wt％、0.257wt％、0.261wt％、0.302wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, when the N contains Zr, the content of Zr is preferably 0.25 to 0.35 wt%, such as 0.252 wt%, 0.2557 wt%, 0.261 wt%, 0.302 wt%, the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量优选为0.26wt％≤Zr＜(3.48B-2.67)wt％，式中，B指的是所述B占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, when the N contains Zr, the content of the Zr is preferably 0.26wt%≤Zr<(3.48B-2.67)wt%, where B means The B accounts for the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量较佳地为0.2～0.3wt％，例如0.201wt％、0.295wt％、0.297wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In the present invention, in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, when the N contains Nb, the Nb content is preferably 0.2-0.3wt%, such as 0.201wt%, 0.295wt%, 0.297wt%, percentage It is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中，当所述N包含Ti和Nb时，优选地，所述Ti或所述Nb的原子百分比≥0.55at％。In the present invention, in the R-T-B-based permanent magnetic material, when the N contains Ti and Nb, preferably, the atomic percentage of the Ti or the Nb is ≥0.55 at%.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Al: 0.09～0.12wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2 to 0.3 wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5 wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr;
Pr：5～10wt％；Pr: 5～10wt%;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Al: 0.09～0.12wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25wt%;
当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%;
当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2 to 0.3 wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5 wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr;
Pr：5～10wt％；Pr: 5～10wt%;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Al: 0.09～0.12wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Ti：0.2～0.25wt％；Ti: 0.2～0.25wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Al: 0.09～0.12wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Zr：0.25～0.35wt％；Zr: 0.25～0.35wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
本发明中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：In the present invention, the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components in mass content:
R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%;
Cu：0.45～1wt％；Cu: 0.45～1wt%;
B：0.85～0.94wt％；B: 0.85～0.94wt%;
Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Al: 0.09～0.12wt%;
Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Co: 0.5～2.5wt%;
Fe：64～69wt％；Fe: 64～69wt%;
Nb：0.2～0.3wt％；Nb: 0.2～0.3wt%;
所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.375wt％；Pr 7.123wt％；Ga 0.551wt％；Cu 0.404wt％；Al 0.081wt％；Co 0.504wt％；Ti 0.154wt％；B 0.844wt％；Fe 68.964wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.375wt%; Pr 7.123wt%; Ga 0.551wt%; Cu 0.404wt%; Al 0.081wt%; Co 0.504wt%; Ti 0.154wt%; B 0.844wt%; Fe 68.964wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.121wt％；Pr 7.371wt％；Ga 0.6wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.092wt％；Co 1.012wt％；Ti 0.203wt％；B 0.902wt％；Fe 67.249wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.121wt%; Pr 7.371wt%; Ga 0.6wt%; Cu 0.45wt%; Al 0.092wt%; Co 1.012wt%; Ti 0.203wt%; B 0.902wt%; Fe 67.249wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.503wt％；Pr 7.479wt％；Ga 0.65wt％；Cu 0.5wt％；Al 0.083wt％；Co 1.502wt％；Ti 0.252wt％；B 0.916wt％；Fe 66.097wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.503wt%; Pr 7.479wt%; Ga 0.65wt%; Cu 0.5wt%; Al 0.083wt%; Co 1.502wt%; Ti 0.252wt%; B 0.916wt%; Fe 66.097wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.871wt％；Pr 7.62wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.55wt％；Al 0.082wt％；Co 2.012wt％；Ti 0.152wt％；B 0.941wt％；Fe 65.222wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.871wt%; Pr 7.62wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.55wt%; Al 0.082wt%; Co 2.012wt%; Ti 0.152wt%; B 0.941wt%; Fe 65.222wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.252wt％；Pr 7.752wt％；Ga 0.552wt％；Cu 0.6wt％；Al 0.091wt％；Co 2.502wt％；Ti 0.251wt％；B 0.921wt％；Fe 64.079wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.252wt%; Pr 7.752wt%; Ga 0.552wt%; Cu 0.6wt%; Al 0.091wt%; Co 2.502wt%; Ti 0.251wt%; B 0.921wt%; Fe 64.079wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.012wt％；Pr 7.987wt％；Ga 0.75wt％；Cu 0.45wt％；Al 0.093wt％；Co 0.502wt％；Zr 0.202wt％；B 0.922wt％；Fe 65.082wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.012wt%; Pr 7.987wt%; Ga 0.75wt%; Cu 0.45wt%; Al 0.093wt%; Co 0.502wt%; Zr 0.202wt%; B 0.922wt%; Fe 65.082wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.751wt％；Pr 8.252wt％；Ga 0.851wt％；Cu 0.5wt％；Al 0.081wt％；Co 0.996wt％；Zr 0.261wt％；B 0.921wt％；Fe 63.387wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.751wt%; Pr 8.252wt%; Ga 0.851wt%; Cu 0.5wt%; Al 0.081wt%; Co 0.996wt%; Zr 0.261wt%; B 0.921wt%; Fe 63.387wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.371wt％；Pr 7.128wt％；Ga 0.549wt％；Cu 0.55wt％；Al 0.082wt％；Co 1.502wt％；Zr 0.302wt％；B 0.923wt％；Fe 67.593wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.371wt%; Pr 7.128wt%; Ga 0.549wt%; Cu 0.55wt%; Al 0.082wt%; Co 1.502wt%; Zr 0.302wt%; B 0.923wt%; Fe 67.593wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.126wt％；Pr 7.372wt％；Ga 0.548wt％；Cu 0.6wt％；Al 0.083wt％；Co 1.993wt％；Zr 0.351wt％；B 0.841wt％；Fe 66.086wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.126wt%; Pr 7.372wt%; Ga 0.548wt%; Cu 0.6wt%; Al 0.083wt%; Co 1.993wt%; Zr 0.351wt%; B 0.841wt%; Fe 66.086wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.502wt％；Pr 7.502wt％；Ga 0.553wt％；Cu 0.65wt％；Al 0.103wt％；Co 2.503wt％；Zr 0.252wt％；B 0.903wt％；Fe 65.032wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.502wt%; Pr 7.502wt%; Ga 0.553wt%; Cu 0.65wt%; Al 0.103wt%; Co 2.503wt%; Zr 0.252wt%; B 0.903wt%; Fe 65.032wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.874wt％；Pr 7.626wt％；Ga 0.753wt％；Cu 0.65wt％；Al 0.115wt％；Co 0.503wt％；Zr 0.203wt％；B 0.915wt％；Fe 66.361wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.874wt%; Pr 7.626wt%; Ga 0.753wt%; Cu 0.65wt%; Al 0.115wt%; Co 0.503wt%; Zr 0.203wt%; B 0.915wt%; Fe 66.361wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.252wt％；Pr 7.752wt％；Ga 0.652wt％；Cu 0.7wt％；Al 0.083wt％；Co 0.996wt％；Zr 0.257wt％；B 0.945wt％；Fe 65.363wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.252wt%; Pr 7.752wt%; Ga 0.652wt%; Cu 0.7wt%; Al 0.083wt%; Co 0.996wt%; Zr 0.257wt%; B 0.945wt%; Fe 65.363wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.012wt％；Pr 7.987wt％；Ga 1.05wt％；Cu 0.8wt％；Al 0.091wt％；Co 1.503wt％；Zr 0.302wt％；B 0.842wt％；Fe 63.413wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.012wt%; Pr 7.987wt%; Ga 1.05wt%; Cu 0.8wt%; Al 0.091wt%; Co 1.503wt%; Zr 0.302wt%; B 0.842wt%; Fe 63.413wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.752wt％；Pr 8.253wt％；Ga 1.253wt％；Cu 0.9wt％；Al 0.092wt％；Co 2.012wt％；Zr 0.351wt％；B 0.903wt％；Fe 62.484wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述 R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.752wt%; Pr 8.253wt%; Ga 1.253wt%; Cu 0.9wt%; Al 0.092wt%; Co 2.012wt%; Zr 0.351wt%; B 0.903wt%; Fe 62.484wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 22.876wt％；Pr 7.629wt％；Ga 0.55wt％；Cu 0.404wt％；Al 0.082wt％；Co 2.502wt％；Ti 0.178wt％；Nb 0.201wt％；B 0.842wt％；Fe 64.736wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 22.876wt%; Pr 7.629wt%; Ga 0.55wt%; Cu 0.404wt%; Al 0.082wt%; Co 2.502wt%; Ti 0.178wt%; Nb 0.201wt%; B 0.842wt%; Fe 64.736wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material .
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 23.252wt％；Pr 7.752wt％；Ga 0.751wt％；Cu 0.452wt％；Al 0.092wt％；Co 0.503wt％；Ti 0.202wt％；Nb 0.297wt％；B 0.903wt％；Fe 65.796wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 23.252wt%; Pr 7.752wt%; Ga 0.751wt%; Cu 0.452wt%; Al 0.092wt%; Co 0.503wt%; Ti 0.202wt%; Nb 0.297wt%; B 0.903wt%; Fe 65.796wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material .
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.032wt％；Pr 7.997wt％；Ga 0.852wt％；Cu 0.503wt％；Al 0.091wt％；Co 1.014wt％；Nb 0.395wt％；B 0.916wt％；Fe 64.2wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.032wt%; Pr 7.997wt%; Ga 0.852wt%; Cu 0.503wt%; Al 0.091wt%; Co 1.014wt%; Nb 0.395wt%; B 0.916wt%; Fe 64.2wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 24.752wt％；Pr 8.252wt％；Ga 0.554wt％；Cu 0.552wt％；Al 0.108wt％；Co 1.501wt％；Nb 0.501wt％；B 0.942wt％；Fe 62.838wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 24.752wt%; Pr 8.252wt%; Ga 0.554wt%; Cu 0.552wt%; Al 0.108wt%; Co 1.501wt%; Nb 0.501wt%; B 0.942wt%; Fe 62.838wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.506wt％；Pr 6.503wt％；Tb 1.996wt％；Ga 0.95wt％；Cu 0.452wt％；Al 0.092wt％；Co 1.992wt％；Nb 0.295wt％；B 0.904wt％；Fe 65.31wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.506wt%; Pr 6.503wt%; Tb 1.996wt%; Ga 0.95wt%; Cu 0.452wt%; Al 0.092wt%; Co 1.992wt%; Nb 0.295wt%; B 0.904wt%; Fe 65.31wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material .
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：Nd 21.503wt％；Pr 6.508wt％；Dy 1.998wt％；Ga 1.153wt％；Cu 0.451wt％；Al 0.094wt％；Co 2.502wt％；Nb 0.351wt％；B 0.904wt％；Fe 64.536wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the RTB-based permanent magnetic material preferably includes the following components by mass content: Nd 21.503wt%; Pr 6.508wt%; Dy 1.998wt%; Ga 1.153wt%; Cu 0.451wt%; Al 0.094wt%; Co 2.502wt%; Nb 0.351wt%; B 0.904wt%; Fe 64.536wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material .
本发明的技术方案之五为：一种所述R-T-B系永磁材料作为电子元器件的应用。The fifth technical solution of the present invention is: an application of the R-T-B series permanent magnetic material as an electronic component.
其中，所述应用的领域可为汽车驱动领域、风电领域、伺服电机和家电领域(例如空调)。Among them, the application fields can be the automotive drive field, wind power field, servo motor and home appliance field (for example, air conditioner).
本发明中，所述室温是指25℃±5℃。In the present invention, the room temperature refers to 25°C±5°C.
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实 例。On the basis of conforming to common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain preferred embodiments of the present invention.
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。The reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available.
本发明的积极进步效果在于：The positive and progressive effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明中的R-T-B系永磁材料磁性能优异：Br≥12.97kGs，Hcj≥18.9kOe，添加重稀土元素后，Hcj可达28.35kOe、25.9kOe；磁体温度稳定性好，20-80℃Br温度系数α％/℃的绝对值小于0.104。(1) The RTB-based permanent magnet material of the present invention has excellent magnetic properties: Br≥12.97kGs, Hcj≥18.9kOe, after adding heavy rare earth elements, Hcj can reach 28.35kOe, 25.9kOe; the temperature stability of the magnet is good, 20-80 The absolute value of the temperature coefficient of ℃Br α%/℃ is less than 0.104.
(2)本发明中的R-T-B系永磁材料能够生成6-13-1相，相对磁导率低，方形度较高，磁体性能一致性好。(2) The R-T-B series permanent magnet material of the present invention can generate 6-13-1 phase, has low relative permeability, high squareness, and good consistency of magnet performance.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件，或按照商品说明书选择。The present invention will be further described by way of examples below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the described examples. In the following examples, the experimental methods without specific conditions are selected according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the product specification.
实施例1～20和对比例1～7Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-7
实施例1～20和对比例1～7中制备R-T-B系永磁材料所用的原料如表1所示，其制备的工艺如下：The raw materials used in the preparation of R-T-B series permanent magnet materials in Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are shown in Table 1. The preparation process is as follows:
(1)熔炼过程：按表1所示配方，取配制好的原料放入氧化铝制的坩埚中，在高频真空感应熔炼炉中在5×10 -2Pa的真空中以1500℃以下的温度进行真空熔炼得熔融液。 (1) melting process: according to the formulation shown in Table 1, the prepared feedstock take placed in an alumina crucible, a high-frequency vacuum induction melting furnace at 1500 deg.] C or less in a vacuum of 5 × 10 -2 Pa in The temperature is vacuum smelted to obtain a molten liquid.
(2)铸造过程：在真空熔炼后的熔炼炉中通入Ar气体使气压达到5.5万Pa后，进行铸造，将熔融液通过29转/分转速的铜辊制得0.12-0.35mm厚度的速凝合金片，浇铸过程中，铜辊需通入冷冻水，其进水温度≤25℃。(2) Casting process: Ar gas is introduced into the smelting furnace after vacuum smelting to make the pressure reach 55,000 Pa, and then the casting is carried out. The molten liquid is passed through a copper roller with a rotation speed of 29 rpm to obtain a thickness of 0.12-0.35 mm. For the condensed alloy sheet, during the casting process, the copper roller needs to be fed with chilled water, and the water inlet temperature is ≤25°C.
(3)氢破粉碎过程：在室温下将放置急冷合金的氢破用炉抽真空，而后向氢破用炉内通入纯度为99.9％的氢气，维持氢气压力0.15MPa，充分吸氢后，边抽真空边升温，充分脱氢，之后进行冷却，取出氢破粉碎后的粉末。(3) Hydrogen breaking and pulverizing process: Vacuum the hydrogen breaking furnace containing the quench alloy at room temperature, and then pass hydrogen with a purity of 99.9% into the hydrogen breaking furnace, maintain the hydrogen pressure at 0.15MPa, and fully absorb hydrogen. The temperature is raised while vacuuming, and the hydrogen is fully dehydrogenated, and then cooled, and the powder after the hydrogen cracking and pulverization is taken out.
(4)微粉碎工序：在氧化气体含量120ppm以下的氮气气氛下，在粉碎室压力为0.38MPa的条件下对氢破粉碎后的粉末进行3小时的气流磨粉碎，得到细粉。氧化气体指的是氧或水分。(4) Fine pulverization process: Under the nitrogen atmosphere with an oxidizing gas content of 120 ppm or less, the powder after hydrogen pulverization is pulverized by jet milling for 3 hours under the condition of a pulverizing chamber pressure of 0.38 MPa to obtain a fine powder. Oxidizing gas refers to oxygen or moisture.
(5)在气流磨粉碎后的粉末中添加硬脂酸锌，硬脂酸锌的添加量为混合后粉末重量的0.12％，再用V型混料机充分混合。(5) Add zinc stearate to the powder pulverized by the jet mill. The addition amount of zinc stearate is 0.12% of the weight of the mixed powder, and then fully mix it with a V-type mixer.
(6)磁场成型过程：使用直角取向型的磁场成型机，在1.6T的取向磁场中，在 0.35ton/cm 2的成型压力下，将上述添加了硬脂酸锌的粉末一次成形成边长为25mm的立方体，一次成形后在0.2T的磁场中退磁。为使一次成形后的成形体不接触到空气，将其进行密封，再使用二次成形机(等静压成形机)在1.3ton/cm 2的压力下进行二次成形。 (6) Magnetic field molding process: using a right-angle orientation magnetic field molding machine, in a 1.6T orientation magnetic field, under a molding pressure of 0.35ton/cm 2 , the above-mentioned zinc stearate-added powder is formed into a side length at a time It is a 25mm cube, which is demagnetized in a 0.2T magnetic field after a single forming. In order to prevent the molded body after the primary molding from coming into contact with air, it was sealed, and then a secondary molding machine (isostatic press) was used to perform secondary molding at a pressure of 1.3 ton/cm 2.
(7)烧结过程：将各成形体搬至烧结炉进行烧结，烧结在5×10 -3Pa的真空下，在300℃和600℃的温度下各保持1小时后，以1050～1090℃的温度烧结8小时，之后通入Ar气体使气压达到0.1MPa后，冷却至室温。 (7) Sintering process: each compact is moved to a sintering furnace for sintering, sintered in a vacuum of 5×10 -3 Pa, and maintained at a temperature of 300°C and 600°C for 1 hour, and then heated to a temperature of 1050～1090°C. The temperature is sintered for 8 hours, then Ar gas is introduced to make the pressure reach 0.1 MPa, and then cooled to room temperature.
(8)时效处理过程：烧结体在高纯度Ar气中，以3-5℃/min的升温速率从20℃升温至900℃进行一级时效处理；之后，进行二级时效处理3h，由室温升温至二级时效温度的升温速率为3～5℃/min；(8) Aging treatment process: the sintered body is heated from 20°C to 900°C at a heating rate of 3-5°C/min in high-purity Ar gas for a primary aging treatment; after that, a secondary aging treatment is carried out for 3h, from room temperature The heating rate to the secondary aging temperature is 3～5℃/min;
其中，步骤(2)中铸造工艺铜辊进水温度，步骤(7)中烧结温度和步骤(8)中二级时效处理温度参见表2。Among them, the water inlet temperature of the copper roll in the casting process in step (2), the sintering temperature in step (7) and the secondary aging treatment temperature in step (8) are shown in Table 2.
表1 实施例1～20、对比例1～7中原料质量百分比Table 1 The mass percentage of raw materials in Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-7
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000002
注：TRE是指总稀土量，包括Nd、Pr和重稀土(Tb、Dy)；“/”是指不含有该元素。Note: TRE refers to the total amount of rare earths, including Nd, Pr and heavy rare earths (Tb, Dy); "/" means not containing this element.
按表1所示配方配制原料，除表2所示条件外，其他工艺条件均相同，制得R-T-B系烧结磁铁。The raw materials were prepared according to the formula shown in Table 1, except for the conditions shown in Table 2, other process conditions were the same, and the R-T-B series sintered magnet was prepared.
表2Table 2
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000003
效果实施例1成分测定Effect Example 1 Component measurement
实施例1～20、对比例1～7的烧结磁体使用高频电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定具体成分。下表所示为成分检测结果。The sintered magnets of Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-7 were measured for specific components using a high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The following table shows the component test results.
表3table 3
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000006
注：TRE是指总稀土量，包括Nd、Pr和重稀土(Tb、Dy)；实施例1～20、对比例1～7的烧结磁体中Al的含量是原料中的Al以及在其他原料和工艺(例如熔炼过程中氧化铝制的坩埚)中引入的Al的含量之和。Note: TRE refers to the total amount of rare earths, including Nd, Pr and heavy rare earths (Tb, Dy); the content of Al in the sintered magnets of Examples 1-20 and Comparative Examples 1-7 is the Al content in the raw materials and other raw materials and The sum of the content of Al introduced in the process (such as a crucible made of alumina during the smelting process).
效果实施例2磁性能和磁性能一致性检测Effect Example 2 Magnetic performance and magnetic performance consistency test
烧结磁铁使用中国计量院的NIM-10000H型BH大块稀土永磁无损测量系统进行磁性能检测。表4所示为磁性能检测结果。其中，The sintered magnet uses the NIM-10000H BH bulk rare earth permanent magnet non-destructive measurement system of the China Metrology Institute for magnetic performance testing. Table 4 shows the magnetic performance test results. in,
(1)6-13-1相的检测方法：(1) Detection method of phase 6-13-1:
微观结构：采用FE-EPMA检测，对R-T-B系永磁材料的垂直取向面进行抛光，采用场发射电子探针显微分析仪(FE-EPMA)(日本电子株式会社(JEOL)，8530F)检测。检测晶界中的R 6T 13M相，T指Fe和/或Co，M指Ga和/或Cu。 Microstructure: FE-EPMA is used to detect, the vertical orientation surface of RTB-based permanent magnet materials is polished, and the field emission electron probe microanalyzer (FE-EPMA) (JEOL, 8530F) is used to detect. The R 6 T 13 M phase in the grain boundary is detected, T refers to Fe and/or Co, and M refers to Ga and/or Cu.
(2)Br、Hcj、20-80℃Br温度系数、20-80℃Hcj温度系数、20-150℃Hcj温度系数、方形度和相对磁导率均是指均值：通过测试同一批次中5份R-T-B系永磁材料样品的剩磁、矫顽力、20-80℃Br温度系数、20-80℃Hcj温度系数、20-150℃Hcj温度系数、方形度或相对磁导率，计算得出平均值。本发明每一实施例和对比例中制备出的是若干个R-T-B系永磁材料，同一批次指的就是每一实施例和对比例中所获得的若干个R-T-B系永磁材料，其中用于测试的R-T-B系永磁材料为10×10mm的圆柱体。(2) Br, Hcj, 20-80℃Br temperature coefficient, 20-80℃Hcj temperature coefficient, 20-150℃Hcj temperature coefficient, squareness and relative permeability all refer to the average value: 5 in the same batch through testing Remanence, coercivity, 20-80℃Br temperature coefficient, 20-80℃Hcj temperature coefficient, 20-150℃Hcj temperature coefficient, squareness or relative permeability of RTB permanent magnet material samples, calculated average value. In each embodiment and comparative example of the present invention, several RTB-based permanent magnet materials are prepared. The same batch refers to several RTB-based permanent magnet materials obtained in each embodiment and comparative example. The RTB series permanent magnet material tested is a cylinder of 10×10 mm.
表4Table 4
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000008
注：对比例1-7中R-T-B系永磁材料的磁性能为对比例1-7的配方经二级时效温度优化后所能够获得的最佳性能。Note: The magnetic properties of the R-T-B series permanent magnet materials in Comparative Examples 1-7 are the best performance that can be obtained after the formulation of Comparative Examples 1-7 is optimized by the secondary aging temperature.
表5所示为磁性能一致性检测结果。其中，Table 5 shows the consistency test results of magnetic properties. in,
(1)方形度SQ＝Hk/Hcj；其中，Hk为当B为90％Br时，所对应的外磁场H的值；Hcj为矫顽力。(1) Squareness SQ=Hk/Hcj; where Hk is the value of the corresponding external magnetic field H when B is 90% Br; Hcj is the coercive force.
(2)相对磁导率为Br/Hcb；其中，Br为剩磁，Hcb为磁感矫顽力，当B-H曲线存在拐点时，磁导率在拐点之前取值。(2) The relative permeability is Br/Hcb; among them, Br is the remanence and Hcb is the magnetic coercivity. When the B-H curve has an inflection point, the permeability is taken before the inflection point.
(3)Max(Hcj)-Min(Hcj)：同一批次产品中矫顽力最大值减去矫顽力最小值，若大于1.5kOe，则是磁性能一致性差。(3) Max(Hcj)-Min(Hcj): The maximum value of the coercive force minus the minimum value of the coercive force in the same batch of products. If it is greater than 1.5kOe, the magnetic performance consistency is poor.
表5table 5
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021077200-appb-000010
由表5可知，对比例1～3中的磁钢产品同批次矫顽力差值大于1.5kOe，即Max(Hcj)-Min(Hcj)＞1.5kOe，能够判断其磁体性能一致性较差；实施例1～20中的R-T-B系永磁材料相对磁导率低，方形度较高，且磁钢产品同批次矫顽力差值较低，磁体性能一致性好。It can be seen from Table 5 that the coercive force difference of the same batch of magnetic steel products in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is greater than 1.5kOe, that is, Max(Hcj)-Min(Hcj)>1.5kOe, which can be judged that the consistency of the magnet performance is poor. The RTB-based permanent magnet materials in Examples 1-20 have low relative permeability, high squareness, low coercivity difference of the same batch of magnetic steel products, and good consistency of magnet performance.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，其特征在于，其包括如下质量含量的组分：A raw material composition of R-T-B series permanent magnet material, which is characterized in that it includes the following components in mass content:
    R：28.5～33.0wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；R: 28.5-33.0wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
    Ga：＞0.5wt％；Ga: >0.5wt%;
    Cu：≥0.4wt％；Cu: ≥0.4wt%;
    B：0.84～0.94wt％；B: 0.84～0.94wt%;
    Al：0.05～0.07wt％；Al: 0.05～0.07wt%;
    Co：≤2.5wt％但不为0；Co: ≤2.5wt% but not 0;
    Fe：62～70wt％；Fe: 62～70wt%;
    N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
    当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.15～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.25 wt%;
    当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.2～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.2 to 0.35 wt%;
    当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.5wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5wt%;
    所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的原料组合物，其特征在于，所述原料组合物中，所述R的含量为29.5～32.5wt％，优选为30.5～32wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；The raw material composition of claim 1, wherein the content of R in the raw material composition is 29.5% to 32.5 wt%, preferably 30.5 to 32 wt%, and the percentage is based on the total amount of the raw material composition. Mass percentage of mass;
    和/或，所述Nd的含量为21～25wt％，优选为22～24wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the Nd content is 21-25 wt%, preferably 22-24 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述原料组合物中，所述R中包括Pr；And/or, in the raw material composition, the R includes Pr;
    其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量为＜0.2at％或者＞8at％；at％为在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比；Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of the Pr is <0.2 at% or> 8 at%; at% is the atomic percentage in the raw material composition;
    其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量优选为5～10wt％，更优选为7～9wt％；百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of the Pr is preferably 5-10 wt%, more preferably 7-9 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述原料组合物中包括RH，所述RH为重稀土元素；And/or, the raw material composition includes RH, and the RH is a heavy rare earth element;
    其中，当所述原料组合物中包含RH时，所述RH的含量优选为1.5～6wt％，更优选为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；Wherein, when the raw material composition contains RH, the content of the RH is preferably 1.5 to 6 wt%, more preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    其中，所述RH的种类优选包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种；Wherein, the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho;
    当所述RH包含Dy时，所述Dy的含量优选为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；When the RH contains Dy, the content of the Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    当所述RH包含Tb时，所述Tb的含量优选为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；When the RH contains Tb, the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述B的含量为0.85～0.94wt％，更优选为0.915～0.94wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of B is 0.85 to 0.94 wt%, more preferably 0.915 to 0.94 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述原料组合物中的所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比满足如下关系式：B/R≥0.38，式中，所述B为B在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比，所述R为R在所述原料组合物中的原子百分比；And/or, the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B in the raw material composition satisfy the following relationship: B/R≥0.38, where B is B in the raw material composition The atomic percentage of R is the atomic percentage of R in the raw material composition;
    和/或，当所述R中还包括Pr时，所述B、所述Nd满足如下关系式：B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405，式中，所述B为B在原料组合物中的原子百分比，所述Pr为Pr在原料组合物中的原子百分比，所述Nd为Nd在原料组合物中的原子百分比；And/or, when the R also includes Pr, the B and the Nd satisfy the following relational formula: B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405, where the B is the content of B in the raw material composition Atomic percentage, the Pr is the atomic percentage of Pr in the raw material composition, and the Nd is the atomic percentage of Nd in the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述Ga的含量为0.55～1.5wt％，优选为1.05～1.5wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；或者，所述Ga＞7.2941-1.24B(at％)且0.55wt％≤Ga＜1.05wt％；And/or, the content of Ga is 0.55 to 1.5 wt%, preferably 1.05 to 1.5 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition; or, the Ga>7.2941-1.24B(at %) and 0.55wt%≤Ga<1.05wt%;
    和/或，所述Cu的含量为0.45～1wt％，优选为0.65～0.9wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Cu is 0.45 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.65 to 0.9 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述Al的含量为0.06～0.07wt％，优选为0.06wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Al is 0.06-0.07% by weight, preferably 0.06% by weight, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述Co的含量为0.5～2.5wt％，优选为1.00～2wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Co is 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, preferably 1.00 to 2 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，所述Fe的含量为64～69wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Fe is 64-69 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，当所述N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；或者，所述Zr的质量含量优选为0.26wt％≤Zr＜(3.48B-2.67)wt％，式中，所述B为B占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Zr, the content of the Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition; or, the mass content of the Zr is preferably 0.26 wt. %≤Zr<(3.48B-2.67)wt%, where B is the mass percentage of B in the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，当所述N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％，百分比为占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.3 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    和/或，当所述N包含Ti和/或Nb时，所述Ti或所述Nb的原子百分比≥0.55at％。And/or, when the N contains Ti and/or Nb, the atomic percentage of the Ti or the Nb is ≥0.55 at%.
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的原料组合物，其特征在于，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；当N包含Ti时， 所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；The raw material composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5 wt%; the R is at least Rare earth elements containing Nd; Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.06～0.07wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt %; N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb; when N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2 to 0.25 wt%; when N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%; when N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.3 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；Pr：5～10wt％；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.061.51.5～0.07wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；Alternatively, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr; Pr: 5-10wt%; Ga ：0.55～1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.061.51.5～0.07wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; N: Ti One or more of, Zr and Nb; when N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2 to 0.25 wt%; when N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%; when N When Nb is contained, the content of Nb is 0.2 to 0.3 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Alternatively, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr; Ga: 0.55-1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45 to 1 wt%; B: 0.85 to 0.94 wt%; Al: 0.06 to 0.07 wt%; Co: 0.5 to 2.5 wt%;
    Fe：64～69wt％；Ti：0.2～0.25wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；Fe: 64 to 69 wt%; Ti: 0.2 to 0.25 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the raw material composition;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；Zr：0.25～0.35wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比；Alternatively, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd; Ga: 0.55-1.5wt%; Cu ：0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.06～0.07wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; Zr: 0.25～0.35wt%; the percentages are each The component mass accounts for the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.06～0.07wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；Nb：0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述原料组合物总质量的质量百分比。Alternatively, the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd; Ga: 0.55-1.5wt%; Cu ：0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.06～0.07wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; Nb: 0.2～0.3wt%; the percentages are each The component mass accounts for the mass percentage of the total mass of the raw material composition.
  4. 一种R-T-B系永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括下述步骤：将如权利要求1～3中任一项所述R-T-B系永磁材料的原料组合物经铸造、制粉、成型、烧结和时效处理即可。A method for preparing an RTB-based permanent magnet material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: casting, powdering, and molding the raw material composition of the RTB-based permanent magnet material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , Sintering and aging treatment.
  5. 如权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述铸造之前还包括熔炼；The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, before the casting, it further comprises smelting;
    其中，所述熔炼的温度较佳地在1500℃以下；Wherein, the smelting temperature is preferably below 1500°C;
    和/或，所述铸造是以10 2℃/秒～10 4℃/秒的速度冷却； And / or the casting speed is 10 2 ℃ / sec ~ 10 4 ℃ / sec cooling;
    和/或，所述铸造的工艺中辊轮进水温度≤25℃；And/or, the roller water inlet temperature in the casting process is ≤ 25°C;
    和/或，所述制粉包括氢破工艺和气流磨工艺；And/or, the pulverization includes a hydrogen breaking process and a jet milling process;
    其中，所述氢破的工艺包括吸氢、脱氢和冷却处理；Wherein, the hydrogen breaking process includes hydrogen absorption, dehydrogenation and cooling treatment;
    其中，所述吸氢在氢气压力0.15MPa的条件下进行；Wherein, the hydrogen absorption is performed under the condition of a hydrogen pressure of 0.15 MPa;
    其中，所述气流磨粉碎在氧化气体含量120ppm以下的氮气气氛下进行；Wherein, the jet mill pulverization is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxidizing gas content of 120 ppm or less;
    其中，所述气流磨粉碎的粉碎室压力为0.38MPa；Wherein, the pressure of the crushing chamber for the jet mill crushing is 0.38 MPa;
    其中，所述气流磨粉碎的时间为3h；Wherein, the pulverization time of the jet mill is 3h;
    其中，所述粉碎后，在粉体中添加润滑剂；所述润滑剂优选为硬脂酸锌；所述润滑剂的添加量优选为混合后粉末重量的0.10～0.15％；Wherein, after the pulverization, a lubricant is added to the powder; the lubricant is preferably zinc stearate; the added amount of the lubricant is preferably 0.10 to 0.15% of the weight of the powder after mixing;
    和/或，所述成形的工艺为磁场成形法或热压热变形法；And/or, the forming process is a magnetic field forming method or a hot pressing and thermal deformation method;
    和/或，所述烧结之前还包括预热；所述预热的温度优选为300～600℃；所述预热的时间优选为1～2h；所述预热优选为在300℃和600℃的温度下分别预热1h；And/or, preheating is also included before the sintering; the preheating temperature is preferably 300 to 600°C; the preheating time is preferably 1 to 2 hours; the preheating is preferably at 300°C and 600°C Preheat for 1h at the temperature of each;
    和/或，所述烧结的温度为1040～1090℃，优选为1060～1078℃；And/or, the sintering temperature is 1040-1090°C, preferably 1060-1078°C;
    和/或，所述烧结的时间为5～10h，优选为8h；And/or, the sintering time is 5-10h, preferably 8h;
    和/或，所述时效处理包括一级时效处理和二级时效处理；And/or, the aging treatment includes a primary aging treatment and a secondary aging treatment;
    其中，所述一级时效处理优选为在高纯度Ar条件下进行；Wherein, the primary aging treatment is preferably carried out under high-purity Ar conditions;
    其中，所述一级时效处理温度优选为850～950℃，更优选为900℃；Wherein, the first-stage aging treatment temperature is preferably 850 to 950°C, more preferably 900°C;
    其中，所述一级时效的处理时间优选为2～4h，更优选为3h；Wherein, the treatment time of the primary aging is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 3 hours;
    其中，所述二级时效处理的温度为430～490℃，优选为450～460℃；Wherein, the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 430-490°C, preferably 450-460°C;
    其中，所述二级时效的处理时间优选为2～4h，更优选为3h；Wherein, the treatment time of the secondary aging is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 3 hours;
    其中，升温至所述一级时效处理或二级时效处理的温度的速率优选为3～5℃/min。Wherein, the rate of heating up to the temperature of the primary aging treatment or secondary aging treatment is preferably 3 to 5°C/min.
  6. 一种由如权利要求4或5的制备方法制得的R-T-B系永磁材料。An R-T-B series permanent magnet material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4 or 5.
  7. 一种R-T-B系永磁材料，其特征在于，其包括如下质量含量的组分：R：28.5～33.0wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；An R-T-B series permanent magnet material, characterized in that it comprises the following components by mass content: R: 28.5-33.0wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd;
    Ga：＞0.5wt％；Ga: >0.5wt%;
    Cu：≥0.4wt％；Cu: ≥0.4wt%;
    B：0.84～0.94wt％；B: 0.84～0.94wt%;
    Al：0.08～0.12wt％；Al: 0.08～0.12wt%;
    Co：≤2.5wt％但不为0；Co: ≤2.5wt% but not 0;
    Fe：62～70wt％；Fe: 62～70wt%;
    N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；N: one or more of Ti, Zr and Nb;
    当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.15～0.25wt％；When N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.15 to 0.25 wt%;
    当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.2～0.35wt％；When N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.2 to 0.35 wt%;
    当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.5wt％；When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.5wt%;
    所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。The percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnetic material.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的R-T-B系永磁材料，其特征在于，所述R-T-B系永磁材料包含R 2T 14B主相、晶界相和富稀土相； 8. The RTB-based permanent magnet material of claim 7, wherein the RTB-based permanent magnet material comprises a R 2 T 14 B main phase, a grain boundary phase, and a rare earth-rich phase;
    较佳地，所述晶界相中包含R 6T 13M相； Preferably, the grain boundary phase includes R 6 T 13 M phase;
    和/或，所述R的含量为29.5～32.5wt％，优选为30～31.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of R is 29.5-32.5wt%, preferably 30-31.5wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述Nd的含量为21～25wt％，优选为22～24wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the Nd content is 21-25 wt%, preferably 22-24 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述R中包括Pr；And/or, said R includes Pr;
    其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量为＜0.2at％或者＞8at％；at％为在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比；Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of the Pr is <0.2at% or >8at%; at% is the atomic percentage in the R-T-B system permanent magnetic material;
    其中，当所述R中包括Pr时，所述Pr的含量优选为5～10wt％，更优选为7～9wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；Wherein, when the R includes Pr, the content of the Pr is preferably 5-10 wt%, more preferably 7-9 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中包括RH，所述RH为重稀土元素；And/or, the R-T-B series permanent magnet material includes RH, and the RH is a heavy rare earth element;
    其中，当所述R-T-B系永磁材料中包含RH时，所述RH的含量为1.5～6wt％，优选为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；Wherein, when the R-T-B series permanent magnet material contains RH, the content of the RH is 1.5-6 wt%, preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    其中，所述RH的种类优选包括Dy、Tb和Ho中的一种或多种；Wherein, the type of RH preferably includes one or more of Dy, Tb and Ho;
    当所述RH包含Dy时，所述Dy的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；When the RH contains Dy, the content of Dy is preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    当所述RH包含Tb时，所述Tb的含量较佳地为1～2.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；When the RH contains Tb, the content of Tb is preferably 1 to 2.5 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述B的含量为0.85～0.94wt％，更优选为0.915～0.94wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of B is 0.85 to 0.94 wt%, more preferably 0.915 to 0.94 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的所述R的原子百分比和所述B的原子百分比满足如下关系式：B/R≥0.38，式中，所述B为B在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比，所述R为R在所述R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比；And/or, the atomic percentage of R and the atomic percentage of B in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material satisfy the following relationship: B/R≥0.38, where B is B in the RTB system The atomic percentage of the permanent magnetic material, where R is the atomic percentage of R in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material;
    和/或，当所述R中还包括Pr时，所述B、所述Nd满足如下关系式：B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405，式中，所述B为B在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比，所述Pr为Pr在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比，所述Nd为Nd在R-T-B系永磁材料中的原子百分比；And/or, when the R also includes Pr, the B and the Nd satisfy the following relationship: B/(Pr+Nd)≥0.405, where the B is a permanent magnet material of the RTB system Where the Pr is the atomic percentage of Pr in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material, and the Nd is the atomic percentage of Nd in the RTB-based permanent magnetic material;
    和/或，所述Ga的含量为0.55～1.5wt％，优选为1.05～1.5wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；或者，所述Ga＞7.2941-1.24B(at％)且0.55wt％≤ Ga＜1.05wt％；And/or, the Ga content is 0.55 to 1.5 wt%, preferably 1.05 to 1.5 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material; or, the Ga>7.2941-1.24B (at%) and 0.55wt%≤Ga<1.05wt%;
    和/或，所述Cu的含量为0.45～1wt％，优选为0.65～0.9wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Cu is 0.45 to 1 wt%, preferably 0.65 to 0.9 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述Al的含量为0.06～0.07wt％，优选为0.06wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Al is 0.06-0.07% by weight, preferably 0.06% by weight; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述Co的含量为0.5～2.5wt％，优选为1.00～2wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Co is 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, preferably 1.00 to 2 wt%, and the percentage is a mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material;
    和/或，所述Fe的含量为64～69wt％；百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, the content of Fe is 64-69wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，当所述N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2-0.25 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material;
    和/或，当所述N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；或者，所述Zr的质量含量优选为0.26wt％≤Zr＜(3.48B-2.67)wt％，式中，所述B为B占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Zr, the Zr content is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material; or, the Zr mass content is preferably 0.26wt%≤Zr<(3.48B-2.67)wt%, where B is the mass percentage of B in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material;
    和/或，当所述N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％，百分比为占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；And/or, when the N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.3 wt%, and the percentage is the mass percentage of the total mass of the R-T-B permanent magnet material;
    和/或，当所述N包含Ti和/或Nb时，所述Ti或所述Nb的原子百分比≥0.55at％。And/or, when the N contains Ti and/or Nb, the atomic percentage of the Ti or the Nb is ≥0.55 at%.
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的R-T-B系永磁材料，其特征在于，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；The RTB-based permanent magnetic material according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, the RTB-based permanent magnetic material comprises the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R contains at least Nd Of rare earth elements; Ga: 0.55 to 1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45 to 1wt%; B: 0.85 to 0.94wt%; Al: 0.09 to 0.12wt%; Co: 0.5 to 2.5wt%; Fe: 64 to 69wt%; N: one or more of Ti, Zr, and Nb; when N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2 to 0.25 wt%; when N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt% When N contains Nb, the content of Nb is 0.2-0.3wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of each component in the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；Pr：5～10wt％；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；N：Ti、Zr和Nb中的一种或多种；当N包含Ti时，所述Ti的含量为0.2～0.25wt％；当N包含Zr时，所述Zr的含量为0.25～0.35wt％；当N包含Nb时，所述Nb的含量为0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；Alternatively, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr; Pr: 5-10wt%; Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.09～0.12wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; N: Ti, Zr and One or more of Nb; when N contains Ti, the content of Ti is 0.2 to 0.25 wt%; when N contains Zr, the content of Zr is 0.25 to 0.35 wt%; when N contains Nb , The content of the Nb is 0.2-0.3 wt%; the percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％； 所述R为包括Nd和Pr的稀土元素；Pr：5～10wt％；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；Ti：0.2～0.25wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；Alternatively, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; the R is a rare earth element including Nd and Pr; Pr: 5-10wt%; Ga: 0.55～1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.09～0.12wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; Ti: 0.2～0.25wt %; The percentage is the mass percentage of the mass of each component to the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；Zr：0.25～0.35wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比；Alternatively, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd; Ga: 0.55-1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.09～0.12wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; Zr: 0.25～0.35wt%; the percentages are for each group The mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material;
    或者，所述R-T-B系永磁材料，较佳地包括如下质量含量的组分：R：29.5～32.5wt％；所述R为至少含有Nd的稀土元素；Ga：0.55～1.5wt％；Cu：0.45～1wt％；B：0.85～0.94wt％；Al：0.09～0.12wt％；Co：0.5～2.5wt％；Fe：64～69wt％；Nb：0.2～0.3wt％；所述百分比为各组分质量占所述R-T-B系永磁材料总质量的质量百分比。Alternatively, the RTB-based permanent magnet material preferably includes the following components by mass content: R: 29.5-32.5wt%; said R is a rare earth element containing at least Nd; Ga: 0.55-1.5wt%; Cu: 0.45～1wt%; B: 0.85～0.94wt%; Al: 0.09～0.12wt%; Co: 0.5～2.5wt%; Fe: 64～69wt%; Nb: 0.2～0.3wt%; the percentages are for each group The sub-mass accounts for the mass percentage of the total mass of the RTB-based permanent magnet material.
  10. 一种如权利要求6～9中任一项所述的R-T-B系永磁材料作为电子元器件的应用。An application of the R-T-B series permanent magnet material according to any one of claims 6 to 9 as an electronic component.
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