WO2021168781A1 - 一种安全胰岛素笔针 - Google Patents

一种安全胰岛素笔针 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021168781A1
WO2021168781A1 PCT/CN2020/077151 CN2020077151W WO2021168781A1 WO 2021168781 A1 WO2021168781 A1 WO 2021168781A1 CN 2020077151 W CN2020077151 W CN 2020077151W WO 2021168781 A1 WO2021168781 A1 WO 2021168781A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needle
finger
needle tip
insulin pen
sliding sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/077151
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆军
赵丽杰
张传雷
倪琳
马兆霞
孔炜彬
陈天柱
王嘉琦
Original Assignee
江苏采纳医疗科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 江苏采纳医疗科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏采纳医疗科技有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2020/077151 priority Critical patent/WO2021168781A1/zh
Publication of WO2021168781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021168781A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M5/32—Needles; Details of needles pertaining to their connection with syringe or hub; Accessories for bringing the needle into, or holding the needle on, the body; Devices for protection of needles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a safety insulin pen needle and a method for stimulating the safety insulin pen needle.
  • Diabetes is a common chronic disease. As the course of the disease progresses, patients need to inject insulin to achieve the goal of lowering blood sugar. Needles for insulin injection pens have quickly been widely used in the field of diabetes treatment. Compared with traditional needle injection, insulin pen usually has the following advantages: 1. It avoids the cumbersome needle injection, avoids embarrassment in public places, and is more convenient for patients with poor eyesight. 2. The insulin dose is more precise, and the insulin dose can be adjusted in 1 unit. The syringe is generally accurate to 2 units at least. 3. Basically painless, the needle is thinner than the needle of a special insulin syringe, and some patients think that there is basically no pain after use.
  • needle stick injury of the needle of insulin injection pen is one of the most common occupational risks of medical staff, and it is also the main cause of nosocomial infection. It is also a topic that needs attention for diabetic patients and their family members who need insulin injection treatment. According to a study on needlestick injuries caused by insulin injections, 60% of needlestick injuries come from the needle cap. We found that among the patients treated with insulin, only a small number of patients wear the outer needle cap immediately after the injection is completed. However, most of the needles were not removed from the injection pen in time and discarded in a hard-shelled container with a lid. These irregular operations greatly increased the risk of needlestick injuries for patients and their families, and even sanitation workers.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a safety insulin pen needle and a method for stimulating the safety insulin pen needle in response to the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, which can more reliably ensure that the pen needle is excited during use, and the user experience is better.
  • a safety insulin pen needle which comprises a housing, a needle tip sheath slidably fitted with the cover of the housing, a needle seat arranged in the housing, A sliding sleeve frictionally fitted on the needle tip sheath and an elastic member arranged between the needle base and the needle tip sheath;
  • At least one inclined first finger is provided on the housing
  • At least one non-return part is provided on the needle seat
  • the sliding sleeve is configured to allow the needle tip sheath to pass through the first finger in the initial position
  • the safety insulin pen needle includes a proximal end and a distal end, and the non-return portion is configured to allow part or all of the sliding sleeve to move from the distal end to the proximal end through the non-return portion and prevent the The sliding sleeve reversely passes through the non-return part;
  • the first finger is configured to allow part or all of the needle tip shield to move through the first finger from the proximal end to the distal end, and to prevent the needle tip shield from passing through the first finger in the reverse direction. Finger.
  • the present invention also proposes the following subsidiary technical solution: the first finger portion is inclined toward the rotation axis of the housing and the distal end.
  • the sliding sleeve is provided with at least one second finger, and the second finger resists the non-return portion to prevent the sliding sleeve from passing through the non-return portion in a reverse direction.
  • the needle tip shield is provided with a first protrusion that can be inserted between the first finger portion and the cover portion, and the first finger portion resists the first protrusion to prevent the needle tip shield Reverse through the first finger.
  • the first finger includes a base, and in the initial position, the sliding sleeve abuts against the cover and the first protrusion is located at the base.
  • the needle tip sheath is provided with a second tube portion with a diameter smaller than that of the first protrusion, and the sliding sleeve is tightly fitted with the second tube portion.
  • the needle tip sheath is provided with an inverted L-shaped second protrusion, and the sliding sleeve is partially embedded in the second protrusion.
  • the sliding sleeve is provided with an abutting portion at a position close to the distal end, and the abutting portion abuts against the cover portion.
  • It also includes an indicator ring fitted in the needle tip sheath, and the indicator ring abuts against the elastic member.
  • the needle hub is provided with a mating part accommodating the elastic member, and the non-return part is formed on the mating part and protruding outward from the mating part.
  • the needle seat is provided with a base, and the base is buckled and fixed with the housing.
  • the end of the second finger is provided with a barb, and when the sliding sleeve moves from the distal end to the proximal end, the non-return portion supports the barb and allows the second finger to pass through the The non-return portion, when the sliding sleeve moves in the reverse direction, the barb abuts against the non-return portion.
  • the first finger and the housing are integrally formed.
  • the mating portion is in the shape of a truncated cone, and its outer diameter gradually decreases from the proximal end to the distal end.
  • the base includes a guide portion protruding outward from the base, and the housing is provided with a positioning groove corresponding to the guide portion.
  • the needle seat is fixed with a needle, and the housing is provided with an observation window through which the needle tip of the needle can be observed.
  • a method for stimulating a safe insulin pen needle which includes the following steps:
  • the needle tip sheath drives the sliding sleeve from the initial position to move toward the proximal end of the safety insulin pen needle; the sliding sleeve is in the process of moving, and the second finger is arranged on the sliding sleeve After being squeezed and partially or completely passing through the non-return portion on the needle seat, the second finger portion recovers from deformation and prevents the sliding sleeve from passing through the non-return portion in the reverse direction;
  • the pressure that presses the needle tip shield is released, the elastic member pushes the needle tip shield to move distally, the needle tip shield squeezes and partially or completely passes through the first finger, and then the first finger The part recovers its deformation and prevents the needle tip sheath from passing through the first finger part in the reverse direction.
  • the non-return portion abuts against the second finger portion, so that the needle tip shield is separated from the sliding sleeve.
  • the excitation position of the present invention can be determined by the position of the non-return part, and there is no need to reach the position where the needle tip sheath is flush with the top of the housing.
  • the pen needle is in use. It can be excited earlier, reducing the probability of not reaching the excitation position after use, and is safer and more reliable.
  • it does not need to always pay attention to whether it has reached the excitation position, which is more convenient to use;
  • the needle tip sheath will be supported by the first finger and cannot be retracted, which can prevent accidental injury, and the first finger can provide a large supporting force, which is more safe;
  • the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention has a simple structure, is very convenient to install, and can be automatically assembled and produced, thereby improving production efficiency;
  • the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention is equipped with an observation window, the injection state can be visually observed, and the needle tip position can be clearly observed before injection, which is more suitable for injection and will not cause additional damage due to blind puncture. After use, it does not require shell protection.
  • the sleeve can also ensure that the needle tip is not exposed, reducing the risk of secondary injury and cross-infection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention in the initial position.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the needle A of the safety insulin pen in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of assembling the needle tip shield and sliding sleeve of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the needle tip sheath and indicator ring of the safety insulin pen of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention at the pre-excitation position.
  • Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the safety insulin pen needle of the invention in the maximum compression position.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the safety insulin pen of the invention in the post-use position.
  • distal refers to the end of the safety insulin pen needle closer to the patient during use
  • proximal refers to the end of the safety insulin pen needle opposite to the “distal” Over there.
  • a safety insulin pen needle corresponding to a preferred embodiment of the present application includes a housing 1, a needle holder 2, a needle tip sheath 3, a sliding sheath 4, an elastic member 5 and a housing sheath 6.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a first accommodating cavity 10 for installing the needle holder 2, the needle tip sheath 3, the sliding sleeve 4 and the elastic member 5.
  • the inner wall of the housing 1 is provided with a buckle groove 1 a near the bottom, and the buckle groove 1 a is used to buckle the needle seat 2.
  • the buckle groove 1a is an annular groove opened along the circumference of the inner wall of the housing 1.
  • the inner wall of the housing 1 is provided with at least one positioning groove 1b near the bottom, and the positioning groove 1b extends vertically upward from the bottom of the housing 1.
  • the number of the positioning grooves 1b is 4, and the positioning grooves 1b are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner wall.
  • the upper end of the housing 1 is provided with a cover 11 extending toward the first accommodating cavity 10, and the center of the cover 11 is provided with a through hole 11 a matching the outer circumference of the needle tip sheath 3.
  • first finger 12 is provided on the inner wall below the cover 11.
  • the first finger 12 is inclined toward the rotation axis 7 and the distal end 71 of the housing 1.
  • the number of the first finger 12 There are preferably two, and they are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the rotation axis 7.
  • the first finger 12 and the cover 11 are not in contact, and there is a certain distance between the two.
  • the first finger 12 and the housing 1 One piece.
  • the housing 1 is provided with an observation window 13 corresponding to the first finger 12, and the needle tip sheath 3 inside the housing 1 can be observed through the observation window 13.
  • the inner wall of the housing 1 at the observation window 13 forms the base 12 a of the first finger 12.
  • the needle hub 2 includes a base 21 matched with the housing 1 and a matching portion 22 for accommodating the elastic member 5.
  • the base 21 includes a buckle portion 211 and a guide portion 212 protruding from the base 21.
  • the buckle portion 211 is tightly buckled in the buckle groove 1a to limit the up and down movement of the housing 1.
  • the buckle portion 211 is a convex ring.
  • the number of the guiding parts 212 is four and they are arranged corresponding to the positioning groove 1b.
  • the guiding part 212 protrudes from the base 21 in the vertical direction. During installation, the guiding part 212 is embedded in the positioning groove 1b, thereby positioning and restricting the needle seat. 2
  • the base 21 is provided with a second accommodating cavity 213, and an internal thread 21a is provided in the second accommodating cavity 213 for mating with an insulin injection device (such as an insulin pen).
  • a sealing paper (not shown) is sealed under the second accommodating cavity 213 to prevent dust from entering the second accommodating cavity 213.
  • the mating portion 22 is formed above the base 21 and has a truncated cone shape. Its outer diameter gradually decreases from the proximal end 72 to the distal end 71. The outer diameter of the mating portion 22 is smaller than the outer diameter of the base 21.
  • a third accommodating cavity 222 is provided in the mating portion 22, and the elastic member 5 is installed in the third accommodating cavity 222.
  • the mating portion 22 is provided with a non-return portion 221, and the non-return portion 221 protrudes outward from the mating portion 22.
  • the non-return portion 221 is an annular protrusion formed along the circumferential direction of the mating portion 22, but is not limited to this.
  • the number of the non-return portions 221 is three, and the non-return portions 221 are separated by a certain distance.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is slidably fitted in the through hole 11a and abuts against the cover 11 through the elastic member 5.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is provided with a first protrusion 30 with a larger outer diameter, preferably, the first protrusion
  • the number of 30 is two and symmetrically arranged on the 3 side of the needle tip sheath.
  • the two ends of the needle tip sheath 3 are respectively a first tube portion 32 and a second tube portion 33.
  • the first tube portion 32 and the second tube portion 33 are respectively located on both sides of the first protrusion 30 and have a smaller diameter than the first protrusion 30.
  • the first tube portion 32 is slidably fitted with the through hole 11a, that is, the needle tip sheath 3 can slide along the through hole 11a.
  • the first maximum distance L1 from the outer surface of the first protrusion 30 to the axis of rotation 7 is greater than the first minimum distance L2 from the first finger 12 to the axis of rotation 7 (refer to FIG. 8), and its thickness is smaller than that of the first finger 12 and The distance between the cover portions 11, in other words, the first protrusion 30 can be received between the first finger portion 12 and the cover portion 11, thereby restricting its position and preventing it from moving to the distal end 71 or the proximal end 72.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is provided with a first inner wall 3a and a second inner wall 3b. The diameter of the first inner wall 3a is larger than the diameter of the second inner wall 3b, and a step 3c is formed between the two.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is further provided with a second protrusion 31 with a larger outer diameter.
  • the second protrusion 31 has an inverted L-shaped structure.
  • the second protrusion 31 includes an extension portion 311 that is bent downward.
  • a receiving groove 312 is formed between the 311 and the outer wall of the needle tip shield 3, and the extension 311 has the same or substantially the same curvature as the inner wall of the housing 1.
  • the first protrusions 30 and the second protrusions 31 are spaced apart and arranged staggered.
  • the number of the second protrusions 31 is two and they are symmetrically arranged on the 3 circumferential side of the needle tip sheath.
  • an indicator ring 8 is further provided in the needle tip sheath 3.
  • the indicator ring 8 is frictionally fitted (preferably tightly fitted) with the first inner wall 3a of the needle tip sheath 3. 5 abut against, thereby driving the needle tip sheath 3 to press against the cover 11.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is made of transparent material, and the color of the indicator ring 8 is different from other parts, preferably red, which is more eye-catching.
  • the indicator ring 8 in the needle tip sheath 3 can be observed through the observation window 13. The position is different to determine the state of use of the pen needle. In addition, the position of the needle tip of the needle 20 in the initial state can be observed through the observation window 13, so as to avoid additional damage caused by blind stabs during use.
  • the sliding sleeve 4 is arranged on the needle tip sheath 3, and it frictionally fits with the outer wall of the needle tip sheath 3 (preferably a tight fit), and a certain friction force needs to be overcome to separate the sliding sleeve 4 from the needle tip sheath 3.
  • the sliding sleeve 4 includes a main body 41, a second finger 42 and an abutting portion 43.
  • the outer diameter of the main body 41 is smaller than the outer diameters of the first protrusion 30 and the second protrusion 31.
  • the main body 41 and the second tube 33 The friction fit is partially embedded in the receiving groove 312, so as to improve the friction of the sliding sleeve 4 and the needle tip sheath 3.
  • the second finger 42 is located near the proximal end 72 of the main body 41 and extends toward the proximal end 72, and the number of the second finger 42 is multiple.
  • the second fingers 42 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the main body 41, and the number of the second fingers 42 on each side is two.
  • the end of the second finger 42 is provided with a barb 421.
  • the barb 421 includes a barb arc surface 421 a and a barb plane 421 b extending toward the rotation axis 7.
  • the second maximum distance L3 from the outer surface of the non-return portion 221 to the axis of rotation 7 is greater than the second minimum distance L4 from the second finger portion 42 to the axis of rotation 7 (refer to FIG. 1).
  • the non-return portion 221 When the needle tip sheath 3 is pressed down, the non-return portion 221 can contact with the barbed arc surface 421a of the second finger 42 and push the second finger 42 outwardly so that the second finger 42 can pass the non-return part 221 smoothly.
  • the sliding sleeve 4 When the sliding sleeve 4 is subjected to the resilient force of the elastic member 5 When rebounding upward, the non-return portion 221 can abut against the barb plane 421b of the barb 421, thereby preventing the sliding sleeve 4 from moving to the distal end 71.
  • the abutment portion 43 is disposed at a position close to the distal end 71 of the main body 41 and abuts against the cover portion 11 of the housing 1.
  • the abutment portion 43 is two in number and arranged symmetrically.
  • the abutment portion 43 and the first The two fingers 42 are staggered.
  • the elastic member 5 is sleeved on the needle base 2, and its two ends respectively abut against the indicator ring 8 and the base 21 in the needle tip sheath 3, and the elastic member 5 is in a compressed state, which provides for pushing the needle tip sheath 3 to the distal end 71 Ability.
  • an accommodating hole 34 for accommodating the elastic member 5 is provided on the end surface of the needle tip sheath 3 facing the proximal end 72.
  • the elastic member 5 is located in the accommodating hole 34 to avoid contact with the sliding sleeve 4, thereby facilitating the sliding sleeve 4 and Detachment of the needle tip sheath 3.
  • the elastic member 5 may be a spring.
  • the housing sheath 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the pen needle, and its inner wall is friction-fitted or snap-fitted with the base 20.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the safety insulin pen needle in its initial position.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 is connected to the sliding sleeve 4, and the elastic member 5 abuts against the indicator ring 8 in the needle tip sheath 3, thereby pushing the needle tip
  • the sheath 3 and the sliding sleeve 4 are pushed upward as a whole, and the abutting portion 43 of the sliding sleeve 4 is tightly pressed against the cover 11.
  • the first protrusion 30 of the needle tip shield 3 is located at the first finger portion 12. The lower position (ie at the base 12a).
  • the distal end of the needle tip sheath 3 receives pressure (such as from the skin), thereby compressing the elastic member 5 to move toward the housing 1, and the second finger 42 on the sliding sleeve 4 is in contact with the non-return portion 221 on the needle hub 2.
  • the second finger 42 engages with the uppermost non-return portion 221 to reach the pre-excitation position. If the sliding sleeve 4 moves to the distal end 71 at this time, the second finger 42 will abut the non-return portion 221, thereby preventing the sliding sleeve 4 from moving to the distal end 71.
  • the top of the needle tip sheath 3 is not yet flush with the top of the housing 1, that is to say, as long as the sliding sleeve 4 moves downward beyond the excitation position, it cannot return to the initial position, and the excitation position It can be determined by the position of the non-return part 221.
  • the position shown in FIG. 7 is the maximum compression position. At this time, the top of the needle tip sheath 3 is flush with the top of the housing 1, and the second finger 42 is located below the non-return portion 221 at the bottom of the mating portion 22. In normal use, The needle tip sheath 3 can no longer move to the proximal end 72.
  • the sliding sleeve 4 will be affected by the mating portion 22
  • the lowermost non-return part 221 blocks and cannot go up, and the thrust provided by the elastic member 5 is greater than the friction between the sliding sleeve 4 and the needle tip sheath 3, therefore, the needle tip sheath 3 will be separated from the sliding sleeve 4 and continue to be farther. Move the end and push away the first finger 12 to reach the after-use position.
  • the sliding sleeve 4 is not easily separated from the mating portion 22, and the reliability is higher.
  • the first protrusion 30 is located between the cover portion 11 and the first finger portion 12. Under the force of the elastic member 5, the first protrusion 30 and the second protrusion 31 are both Conflict with the cover 11.
  • the first protrusion 30 will be supported by the first finger 12 and cannot move to the proximal end 72. At this time, the needle 20 will not expose the needle tip sheath 3, and no puncture will occur. Risk of injury.
  • the needle tip sheath 3 can be very reliably guaranteed not to retract into the housing 1 after use.
  • the first finger 12 may be excessively bent and broken, and the broken first finger 12 will be blocked between the first protrusion 30 and the base 12a.
  • the needle tip shield from moving proximally. It can be seen that even under great force, there is no danger of accidental injury.
  • the indicator ring 8 is inserted into the needle tip sheath 3, and the needle tip sheath 3 and the sliding sleeve 4 inserted into the indicator ring 8 are inserted from the proximal end 72 of the housing and protruded from the through hole 11a in turn;
  • the elastic member 5 is put into the accommodating hole 34 or sleeved on the needle seat 2;
  • the housing sheath 6 is sleeved on the needle base 2 to complete the assembly.
  • the excitation position of the present invention can be determined by the position of the second finger and the non-return part, and does not need to reach the position where the needle tip sheath is flush with the top of the housing.
  • the pen needle can be excited earlier during use, reducing The probability of not reaching the excitation position after use is more secure and reliable.
  • it does not need to always pay attention to whether it has reached the excitation position, which is more convenient to use;
  • the needle tip sheath will be supported by the first finger and cannot be retracted, which can prevent accidental injury, and the first finger can provide a large supporting force, which is more safe;
  • the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention is equipped with an observation window, the injection state can be visually observed, and the needle tip position can be clearly observed before injection, which is more suitable for injection, and will not cause additional damage due to blind puncture, and does not require shell protection after use.
  • the sleeve can also ensure that the needle tip is not exposed, reducing the risk of secondary injury and cross-infection;
  • the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention has a simple structure, is very convenient to install, and can be automatically assembled and produced, thereby improving production efficiency;
  • the sliding sleeve of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention is provided with an abutting portion. In the initial position, the abutting portion abuts against the cover of the housing, so that the first protrusion of the needle tip shield is located below the first finger. , It is convenient for the needle tip sheath to pass through the first finger;
  • the needle seat of the safety insulin pen needle of the present invention is provided with a plurality of ring-shaped non-return parts, and the sliding sleeve is correspondingly provided with a plurality of second finger parts mated with the non-return parts to improve the slippage of the pen needle during excitation.
  • the buckle effect of the sleeve and the needle seat improves the reliability.

Abstract

一种安全胰岛素笔针，其包括外壳(1)、与外壳(1)的盖部(11)滑动配接的针尖护套(3)、设置于外壳(1)内的针座(2)、摩擦配接于针尖护套(3)上的滑套(4)以及设置于针座(2)和针尖护套(3)之间的弹性件(5)，外壳(1)上设置有至少一个倾斜的第一指部(12)，针座(2)上设置有至少一个外凸的止回部(221)。使用时，针尖护套可带动滑套经过止回部，且止回部能够阻止滑套向远端移动，针尖护套可在弹性件的驱动下与盖部接触，且第一指部阻止其向近端移动。笔针的激发位置由止回部决定，从而在使用时能够更可靠的保证笔针被激发，使用体验更佳。

Description

一种安全胰岛素笔针 技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别涉及一种安全胰岛素笔针及安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法。
背景技术
糖尿病是一种常见的慢性病，随着病程的发展，患者需要通过注射胰岛素才能达到降糖的目的。胰岛素注射笔用针头迅速在糖尿病治疗领域得到广泛的应用。胰岛素笔相对于传统的针式注射而言，通常具有以下优点：1.免去针式注射的繁琐，避免公共场合的尴尬，同时对于视力不佳的患者而言也更方便。2.胰岛素剂量更加精确，可以以1个单位进行胰岛素剂量调整。而注射器一般最小精确到2个单位。3.基本无痛，其针头比专用胰岛素注射器的针头更细，有的病友使用后认为基本没有疼痛感。但是胰岛素注射笔针头的针刺伤，是医护人员最常见的职业风险之一，也是引起院内感染的主要原因，对于需要胰岛素注射治疗的糖尿病患者及其家人来说，也是一个需要重视的话题。根据一项针对胰岛素注射引发的针刺伤研究，60％的针刺伤来自于回盖针帽环节。我们发现，在使用胰岛素治疗的患者中，仅小部分患者注射完成后立即戴上外针帽。但大部分并未及时将针头从注射笔上取下，并丢弃在加盖的硬壳容器中，而这些不规范的操作大大增加了患者及家属，甚至环卫工人的针刺伤风险。
胰岛素注射笔用针头的频繁使用，最容易给医护人员产生二次伤害，目前市场其他的安全胰岛素笔针最大的问题是无法保证每次使用后都能激发成功，或者说使用者在使用过程中必须严格按照说明书方法使用，稍有不当，激发机构就不能激发。此外，目前市场投诉比较多就是注射完毕后安全机构未激发，对于安全笔针来说，使用者使用后往往防备心里更低，不会担心针尖会漏出小帽，因此使用未激发成功的笔针更加容易让医护人员或者患者刺伤，更加容易造成二次感染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中的上述缺陷，提供一种安全胰岛素笔针及安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法，在使用时能够更可靠的保证笔针被激发，使用体验更佳。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：一种安全胰岛素笔针， 其包括外壳、与所述外壳的盖部滑动配接的针尖护套、设置于所述外壳内的针座、摩擦配接于所述针尖护套上的滑套以及设置于所述针座和所述针尖护套之间的弹性件；
所述外壳上设置有至少一个倾斜的第一指部；
所述针座上设置有至少一个止回部；
所述滑套被配置成在初始位置时使所述针尖护套通过所述第一指部；
所述安全胰岛素笔针包括近端和远端，所述止回部被配置成允许部分或全部的所述滑套自所述远端向近端移动通过所述止回部，并阻止所述滑套反向通过所述止回部；
所述第一指部被配置成允许部分或全部的所述针尖护套自所述近端向远端移动通过所述第一指部，并阻止所述针尖护套反向通过所述第一指部。
此外，本发明还提出如下附属技术方案：所述第一指部向着所述外壳的回转轴线和所述远端倾斜。
所述滑套设置有至少一个第二指部，所述第二指部通过与所述止回部相抵从而阻止所述滑套反向通过所述止回部。
所述针尖护套设置有可嵌入所述第一指部和所述盖部之间的第一凸起，所述第一指部通过与所述第一凸起相抵从而阻止所述针尖护套反向通过所述第一指部。
所述第一指部包括基部，在初始位置时，所述滑套与所述盖部相抵并使所述第一凸起位于所述基部处。
所述针尖护套设置有直径小于所述第一凸起的第二管部，所述滑套与所述第二管部紧配。
所述针尖护套设置有倒L型的第二凸起，所述滑套部分嵌设在所述第二凸起内。
所述滑套靠近所述远端位置上设置有抵接部，所述抵接部与所述盖部相抵接。
其还包括配接于所述针尖护套内的指示环，所述指示环与所述弹性件相抵。
所述针座设置有容纳弹性件的配接部，所述止回部成型在所述配接部上并向外凸出所述配接部。
所述针座设置有底座，所述底座与所述外壳卡扣配合固定。
所述第二指部端部设置有倒钩，所述滑套自所述远端向近端移动时，所述止回部撑开所述倒钩并使所述第二指部通过所述止回部，所述滑套反向移动时， 所述倒钩与所述止回部相抵接。
所述第一指部和所述外壳一体成型。
所述配接部呈圆台状，且其外径由所述近端至所述远端逐渐缩小。
所述底座包括向外凸出所述底座的导向部，所述外壳对应所述导向部设置有定位槽。
所述针座固定有针，所述外壳上设置有可观察所述针针尖的观察视窗。
一种安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法，其包括如下步骤：
提供压迫针尖护套的压力，所述针尖护套自初始位置带动滑套向安全胰岛素笔针的近端移动；所述滑套在移动过程中，设置在所述滑套上的第二指部受挤压并部分或全部地通过针座上的止回部，之后所述第二指部恢复形变，并阻止所述滑套反向通过所述止回部；
卸去压迫所述针尖护套的压力，弹性件推动所述针尖护套向远端移动，所述针尖护套挤压并部分或全部地通过所述第一指部，之后所述第一指部恢复形变，并阻止所述针尖护套反向通过所述第一指部。
卸去压迫所述针尖护套的压力后，所述止回部与所述第二指部相抵，使所述针尖护套与所述滑套脱离。
所述滑套挤压并通过所述止回部时，所述针尖护套突出于所述盖部。
相比于现有技术，本发明的优点在于：1.本发明的激发位置可由止回部的位置确定，无需到达针尖护套与外壳顶部平齐的位置，一方面，在使用过程中笔针能够更早的被激发，减少使用后尚未到达激发位置的概率，更为安全可靠，另一方面，其无需时刻注意是否到达激发位置，使用更为方便；
2.使用完毕后，针尖护套将被第一指部支撑而无法回缩，能够防止误伤，且第一指部能够提供很大的支撑力，安全性更高；
3.本发明的安全胰岛素笔针结构简单，安装十分方便，可进行自动化组装生产，从而提高生产效率；
4.本发明的安全胰岛素笔针设置有观察视窗，注射状态可直观观察，且注射前能清晰观察到针尖位置，更适合注射，不会因盲刺造成额外伤害，使用完成后不需要外壳护套也可以保证针尖不露出，降低二次损伤和交叉感染的风险。
附图说明
图1是本发明安全胰岛素笔针整体结构示意图。
图2是本发明安全胰岛素笔针位于初始位置的结构示意图。
图3是图2安全胰岛素笔针A处的局部放大图。
图4是本发明安全胰岛素笔针的针尖护套和滑套的装配示意图。
图5是本发明安全胰岛素笔针针尖护套和指示环的装配示意图。
图6是本发明安全胰岛素笔针位于预激发位置的结构示意图。
图7是发明安全胰岛素笔针位于最大压缩位置的结构示意图。
图8是发明安全胰岛素笔针位于用后位置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合较佳实施例及其附图对本发明技术方案作进一步非限制性的详细说明。
需要指出的是，在本文中，“远端”指的是安全胰岛素笔针在使用过程中更接近患者的那端，“近端”指的是安全胰岛素笔针上与“远端”相对的那端。
如图1所示，对应于本申请一种较佳实施例的安全胰岛素笔针，其包括外壳1、针座2、针尖护套3、滑套4、弹性件5以及外壳护套6。
如图2至图4所示，外壳1内设置有第一容纳腔10，用以安装针座2、针尖护套3、滑套4以及弹性件5。如图2所示，外壳1内壁靠近底部位置开设有卡扣槽1a，卡扣槽1a用于扣合针座2。优选的，卡扣槽1a为沿着外壳1内壁圆周开设的环形槽。此外，外壳1内壁靠近底部位置还开设有至少一个定位槽1b，定位槽1b由外壳1底部垂直向上延伸，优选的，定位槽1b数量为4条，且沿着内壁周向均匀分布。
外壳1上端设置有向着第一容纳腔10延伸的盖部11，盖部11中心开设有与针尖护套3外周配合的通孔11a。外壳1内部，位于盖部11下方的内壁上设置有至少一个倾斜设置的第一指部12，第一指部12向着外壳1的回转轴线7和远端71倾斜，第一指部12的数量优选为两个，且对称的设置在回转轴线7的两侧，第一指部12与盖部11并不接触，两者之间相隔一定的距离，优选的，第一指部12和外壳1一体成型。外壳1对应第一指部12处开设有观察视窗13，透过观察视窗13可以观察到外壳1内部的针尖护套3。观察视窗13处的外壳1内壁形成第一指部12的基部12a。
针座2中心固定有针20，针20的远端延伸出盖部11。针座2包括与外壳1配合的底座21以及容纳弹性件5的配接部22。如图2所示，底座21包括凸出于底座21的卡扣部211和导向部212。卡扣部211紧密扣合在卡扣槽1a内，从而限制外壳1的上下移动，优选的，卡扣部211为凸环，在安装时，通过塑料件的弹性形变将底座21上的卡扣部211挤入外壳1的卡扣槽1a内，两者之间可设置倒角以方便挤入。导向部212数量为四个且与定位槽1b对应设置，导向 部212沿竖直方向凸出底座21，在安装时，导向部212嵌设在定位槽1b中，从而起到定位和限制针座2轴向转动的作用。底座21设有第二容纳腔213，第二容纳腔213内设置有内螺纹21a，用于与胰岛素注射装置(如胰岛素笔)配接。第二容纳腔213下方封有密封纸(图未示)，能够防止灰尘进入到第二容纳腔213内。
配接部22成型在底座21上方，且呈圆台状，其外径由近端72至远端71逐渐缩小，配接部22的外径小于底座21的外径。配接部22内设置有第三容纳腔222，弹性件5安装在第三容纳腔222内。配接部22上设置有止回部221，止回部221向外凸出配接部22，优选的，止回部221为沿着配接部22圆周方向成型的环形凸起，但不限于此。优选的，在本实施例中，止回部221的数量为三个，且止回部221之间间隔一定间距。
针尖护套3滑动配接在通孔11a内并通过弹性件5抵接在盖部11处，针尖护套3上设置有外径较大的第一凸起30，优选的，第一凸起30数量为两个且对称设置在针尖护套3周侧。针尖护套3两端分别为第一管部32和第二管部33，第一管部32和第二管部33分别位于第一凸起30两侧且直径小于第一凸起30。第一管部32与通孔11a滑动配接，也就是说，针尖护套3能够沿着通孔11a滑动。第一凸起30的外表面至回转轴线7的第一最大距离L1大于第一指部12至回转轴线7的第一最小距离L2(参照图8)，且其厚度小于第一指部12和盖部11之间的距离，换言之，第一凸起30能够容纳在第一指部12和盖部11之间，从而限制其位置，防止其向远端71或者向近端72移动。针尖护套3内设置有第一内壁3a和第二内壁3b，第一内壁3a的直径大于第二内壁3b的直径，两者之间形成台阶3c。
优选的，针尖护套3上还设置有外径较大的第二凸起31，第二凸起31为倒L型结构，第二凸起31包括向下弯折的延伸部311，延伸部311与针尖护套3外壁之间形成有容纳槽312，延伸部311与外壳1内壁弧度相同或者大致相同。第一凸起30和第二凸起31相隔一定间距且错开设置，优选的，第二凸起31数量为两个且对称设置在针尖护套3周侧。通过设置第二凸起31，能够增大针尖护套3上下运动过程中与外壳1的接触面积，从而减少圆周方向上的晃动。
优选的，针尖护套3内还设置有指示环8，指示环8与针尖护套3的第一内壁3a摩擦配合(优选为紧配)，指示环8的两端面分别与台阶3c和弹性件5相抵，从而带动针尖护套3向着盖部11抵压。优选的，针尖护套3采用透明材质，指示环8的颜色与其他部件不同，优选为红色，比较醒目，透过观察视窗13可 以观察到针尖护套3内的指示环8，通过指示环8位置不同从而判断笔针的使用状态。此外，透过观察视窗13还能观察到初始状态时针20针尖位置，避免使用时因盲刺造成额外伤害。
滑套4设置在针尖护套3上，其与针尖护套3外壁摩擦配合(优选为紧配)，需要克服一定的摩擦力才能使滑套4与针尖护套3脱离。滑套4包括主体部41、第二指部42和抵接部43，主体部41的外径小于第一凸起30和第二凸起31的外径，主体部41与第二管部33摩擦配合且部分嵌设在容纳槽312内，从而提高滑套4与针尖护套3的配合摩擦。
第二指部42位于主体部41靠近近端72的位置并向着近端72延伸，第二指部42数量为多个。优选的，第二指部42对称设置在主体部41两侧，且每侧的第二指部42数量为两个。第二指部42端部设有一倒钩421，倒钩421包括倒钩弧面421a和朝着回转轴线7延伸的倒钩平面421b。止回部221外表面至回转轴线7的第二最大距离L3大于第二指部42至回转轴线7的第二最小距离L4(参考图1)，当针尖护套3下压时，止回部221能够与第二指部42的倒钩弧面421a接触并顺势向外推开第二指部42，使第二指部42顺利通过止回部221，当滑套4受弹性件5回弹力向上回弹时，止回部221能够与倒钩421的倒钩平面421b相抵，从而阻止滑套4向远端71移动。
抵接部43设置在主体部41靠近远端71的位置上并与外壳1的盖部11相抵，优选的，抵接部43数量为两个且对称设置，优选的，抵接部43与第二指部42错开设置。当滑套4套设在针尖护套3上时，抵接部43穿过第一凸起30和第二凸起31之间的间隙并位于第一管部32外壁处，从而限制第一管部32在通孔11a内的位置。
弹性件5套设在针座2上，其两端分别与针尖护套3内的指示环8和底座21相抵，且弹性件5处于压缩状态，其提供将针尖护套3推向远端71的能力。优选的，在针尖护套3朝向近端72的端面上设置有容纳弹性件5的容置孔34，弹性件5位于容置孔34内可避免与滑套4接触，从而方便滑套4和针尖护套3的脱离。弹性件5可以为弹簧。
外壳护套6套设在笔针外侧，且其内壁与底座20摩擦配合或者卡接配合。
使用时，撕去密封纸，将笔针由内螺纹21a拧入胰岛素笔中，取下外壳护套6，捏起皮肤注射，当针尖护套3下压到一定位置听到咔嗒声即为笔针处于激发位置，同时也可根据在外壳1侧面的观察视窗13处所看到的指示环8位置不同，从而更准确的判断笔针是否处于激发位置。注射完成后针尖护套3在弹性 件5的作用下自动回弹到第一指部12处，此时针尖护套3的第一凸起30限位在第一指部12和盖部11之间，无法下压。
以下叙述在使用过程中各部件的位置及配合关系，以更清楚的表达本发明的安全胰岛素笔针的激发方式、结构和优势。
参考图2，图2示出了安全胰岛素笔针处于初始位置的示意图，此时，针尖护套3与滑套4相连，弹性件5与针尖护套3内的指示环8相抵，从而将针尖护套3和滑套4整体向上推动，且滑套4的抵接部43与盖部11顶紧。在该初始位置，由于滑套4的抵接部43与盖部11相抵，从而限制了针尖护套3的向上位置，此时，针尖护套3的第一凸起30位于第一指部12下方位置(即基部12a处)。
使用时，针尖护套3远端受到(如皮肤的)压力，从而压缩弹性件5向着外壳1内移动，滑套4上的第二指部42与针座2上的止回部221相接触并被撑开，继续向近端72移动，第二指部42与最上方的止回部221相扣合到达预激发位置。若此时滑套4向远端71移动，第二指部42将抵住止回部221，从而阻止滑套4向远端71移动。显而易见的是，如图6所示，此时针尖护套3顶部尚未与外壳1顶部平齐，也就是说，只要滑套4向下移动超过激发位置，就无法返回到初始位置，而激发位置可由止回部221的位置决定。
图7示出的位置为最大压缩位置，此时，针尖护套3顶部与外壳1顶部平齐，第二指部42位于配接部22最下方的止回部221下方位置，正常使用时，针尖护套3已经无法继续向近端72移动。
使用完毕后，针尖护套3远端71受到的压力消失，其在弹性件5的作用下向远端71移动，值得注意的是，在移动过程中，滑套4将会受到配接部22最下方的止回部221阻挡而无法上行，而弹性件5提供的推力大于滑套4与针尖护套3之间的摩擦力，因此，针尖护套3会与滑套4脱离而继续向远端移动，并推开第一指部12到达用后位置。此外，通过在配接部22上设置多个止回部221，滑套4不易脱离配接部22，可靠性更高。
如图8所示，在用后位置时，第一凸起30位于盖部11和第一指部12之间，在弹性件5的作用力下第一凸起30和第二凸起31均与盖部11相抵。在使用者误按针尖护套3时，第一凸起30将受到第一指部12的支撑而无法向近端72移动，此时针20不会露出针尖护套3，也就不会发生刺伤的风险。
由于在激发位置时，针尖护套3上端面与外壳1上端面尚有较长的距离，因此，只要针尖护套3上端面与外壳1上端面平齐或接近平齐，则必然已经被 激发，因此使用过程中无需时刻关注是否已经达到激发位置，十分方便。
上述结构还具备的一个优势在于，在使用后针尖护套3能够十分可靠的保证不会缩回外壳1内。比如，当使用完毕后，大力下压针尖护套3，第一指部12可能会过度弯曲而发生断裂，而断裂后的第一指部12将会堵塞于第一凸起30和基部12a之间，从而进一步防止针尖护套向近端移动。可见，即使在很大的作用力下，也不容易有误伤的危险。
本发明所述的技术方案通常可采取如下安装方式：
第一步，将指示环8装入针尖护套3内，并依次将装入指示环8的针尖护套3和滑套4自外壳近端72塞入，并由通孔11a伸出；
第二步，将弹性件5放入容置孔34内或套设在针座2上；
第三步，将针座2自外壳1的近端72塞入并与外壳1相扣合；
第四步，将外壳护套6套设在针座2上完成装配。
经过上述描述与分析，本发明所述的技术方案至少有如下优点是显而易见的：
1.本发明的激发位置可由第二指部和止回部的位置确定，无需到达针尖护套与外壳顶部平齐的位置，一方面，在使用过程中笔针能够更早的被激发，减少使用后尚未到达激发位置的概率，更为安全可靠，另一方面，其无需时刻注意是否到达激发位置，使用更为方便；
2.使用完毕后，针尖护套将被第一指部支撑而无法回缩，能够防止误伤，且第一指部能够提供很大的支撑力，安全性更高；
3.本发明的安全胰岛素笔针设置有观察视窗，注射状态可直观观察，且注射前能清晰观察到针尖位置，更适合注射，不会因盲刺造成额外伤害，使用完成后不需要外壳护套也可以保证针尖不露出，降低二次损伤和交叉感染的风险；
4.本发明的安全胰岛素笔针结构简单，安装十分方便，可进行自动化组装生产，从而提高生产效率；
5.本发明安全胰岛素笔针的滑套上设置有抵接部，在初始位置时，抵接部与外壳的盖部相抵，从而使针尖护套的第一凸起位于第一指部下方位置，便于针尖护套通过第一指部；
6.本发明安全胰岛素笔针的针座上设置有多个环状的止回部，滑套上对应设置有与止回部配接的多个第二指部，提高笔针激发过程中滑套与针座的卡扣效果，提高可靠性。
需要指出的是，上述较佳实施例仅为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：其包括外壳(1)、与所述外壳(1)的盖部(11)滑动配接的针尖护套(3)、设置于所述外壳(1)内的针座(2)、摩擦配接于所述针尖护套(3)上的滑套(4)以及设置于所述针座(2)和所述针尖护套(3)之间的弹性件(5)；
    所述外壳(1)上设置有至少一个倾斜的第一指部(12)；
    所述针座(2)上设置有至少一个止回部(221)；
    所述滑套(4)被配置成在初始位置时使所述针尖护套(3)通过所述第一指部(12)；
    所述安全胰岛素笔针包括近端(72)和远端(71)，所述止回部(221)被配置成允许部分或全部的所述滑套(4)自所述远端(71)向近端(72)移动通过所述止回部(221)，并阻止所述滑套(4)反向通过所述止回部(221)；
    所述第一指部(12)被配置成允许部分或全部的所述针尖护套(3)自所述近端(72)向远端(71)移动通过所述第一指部(12)，并阻止所述针尖护套(3)反向通过所述第一指部(12)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述第一指部(12)向着所述外壳(1)的回转轴线(7)和所述远端(71)倾斜。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述滑套(4)设置有至少一个第二指部(42)，所述第二指部(42)通过与所述止回部(221)相抵从而阻止所述滑套(4)反向通过所述止回部(221)。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针尖护套(3)设置有可嵌入所述第一指部(12)和所述盖部(11)之间的第一凸起(30)，所述第一指部(12)通过与所述第一凸起(30)相抵从而阻止所述针尖护套(3)反向通过所述第一指部(12)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述第一指部(12)包括基部(12a)，在初始位置时，所述滑套(4)与所述盖部(11)相抵并使所述第一凸起(30)位于所述基部(12a)处。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针尖护套(3)设置有直径小于所述第一凸起(30)的第二管部(33)，所述滑套(4)与所述第二管部(33)紧配。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针尖护套(3) 设置有倒L型的第二凸起(31)，所述滑套(4)部分嵌设在所述第二凸起(31)内。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述滑套(4)靠近所述远端(71)位置上设置有抵接部(43)，所述抵接部(43)与所述盖部(11)相抵接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：其还包括配接于所述针尖护套(3)内的指示环(8)，所述指示环(8)与所述弹性件(5)相抵。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针座(2)设置有容纳弹性件(5)的配接部(22)，所述止回部(221)成型在所述配接部(22)上并向外凸出所述配接部(22)。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针座(2)设置有底座(21)，所述底座(21)与所述外壳(1)卡扣配合固定。
  12. 根据权利要求3所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述第二指部(42)端部设置有倒钩(421)，所述滑套(4)自所述远端(71)向近端(72)移动时，所述止回部(221)撑开所述倒钩(421)并使所述第二指部(42)通过所述止回部(221)，所述滑套(4)反向移动时，所述倒钩(421)与所述止回部(221)相抵接。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述第一指部(12)和所述外壳(1)一体成型。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述配接部(22)呈圆台状，且其外径由所述近端(72)至所述远端(71)逐渐缩小。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述底座(21)包括向外凸出所述底座(21)的导向部(212)，所述外壳(1)对应所述导向部(212)设置有定位槽(1b)。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的安全胰岛素笔针，其特征在于：所述针座(2)固定有针(20)，所述外壳(1)上设置有可观察所述针(20)针尖的观察视窗(13)。
  17. 一种安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法，其特征在于所述激发方法包括如下步骤：
    提供压迫针尖护套(3)的压力，所述针尖护套(3)自初始位置带动滑套(4)向安全胰岛素笔针的近端(72)移动；所述滑套(4)在移动过程中，设置在所述滑套(4)上的第二指部(42)受挤压并部分或全部地通过针座(2) 上的止回部(221)，之后所述第二指部(42)恢复形变，并阻止所述滑套(4)反向通过所述止回部(221)；
    卸去压迫所述针尖护套(3)的压力，弹性件(5)推动所述针尖护套(3)向远端(71)移动，所述针尖护套(3)挤压并部分或全部地通过所述第一指部(12)，之后所述第一指部(12)恢复形变，并阻止所述针尖护套(3)反向通过所述第一指部(12)。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法，其特征在于：卸去压迫所述针尖护套(3)的压力后，所述止回部(221)与所述第二指部(42)相抵，使所述针尖护套(3)与所述滑套(4)脱离。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的安全胰岛素笔针的激发方法，其特征在于：所述滑套(4)挤压并通过所述止回部(221)时，所述针尖护套(3)突出于所述盖部(11)。
PCT/CN2020/077151 2020-02-28 2020-02-28 一种安全胰岛素笔针 WO2021168781A1 (zh)

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