WO2021147321A1 - 一种恒风量引风机 - Google Patents

一种恒风量引风机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021147321A1
WO2021147321A1 PCT/CN2020/112384 CN2020112384W WO2021147321A1 WO 2021147321 A1 WO2021147321 A1 WO 2021147321A1 CN 2020112384 W CN2020112384 W CN 2020112384W WO 2021147321 A1 WO2021147321 A1 WO 2021147321A1
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Prior art keywords
motor
air volume
constant air
induced draft
power
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/112384
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林炎虎
张先胜
王嘉麟
张淼
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN202010074819.8A external-priority patent/CN111207098B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202020146552.4U external-priority patent/CN211901021U/zh
Application filed by Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Zhongshan Broad Ocean Motor Co Ltd
Publication of WO2021147321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021147321A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/08—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the working fluid being air, e.g. for ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00—Control of flow
    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a constant air volume induced draft fan.
  • the existing DC induced draft fans are all constant-speed induced draft fans, and the output air volume of the DC induced draft fans is unstable when the static pressure fluctuates greatly.
  • Patent name A constant air volume control with direct power control of a PM motor Method and its applied HVAC system; this patented constant air volume control method is suitable for low static pressure (0-300Pa), low speed (0-2000RPM), and large air volume (0-1000CFM).
  • the current induced draft fan is equipped with a motor controller behind the motor, and some electronic components in the motor controller have a high axial height, which results in a larger axial size of the entire induced draft fan, which affects the installation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume induced draft fan, which solves the technical problem that the application range of constant air volume control is narrow by controlling the motor input power and the motor speed in the prior art.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a constant air volume induced draft fan, which solves the technical problem of the large axial size of the entire induced draft fan in the prior art, which affects the installation.
  • a constant air volume induced draft fan includes a volute, a wind wheel, and a motor.
  • the motor is installed outside the volute through a mounting bracket.
  • the motor includes a motor body and a motor controller.
  • the motor body includes a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly, a rotating shaft, and a motor housing.
  • a wind wheel is installed in the volute, and the motor drives the wind wheel to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit and a microprocessor.
  • the set constant air volume control function P/a f(n/b), by controlling the input power and speed to make the induced draft fan output a constant air volume, where P is the motor input power, n is the motor speed, and a is the power proportional coefficient , B is the proportional coefficient of speed.
  • C 1 , C 2 ,..., Cm are coefficients.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a bus current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the bus current detection circuit and the bus voltage detection circuit detect real-time bus current IDC and real-time bus voltage VDC.
  • Real-time motor input power Pi IDC ⁇ VDC.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit described above includes a phase line current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the above-mentioned motor controller includes a control box and a control circuit board.
  • the control circuit board is installed inside the control box.
  • the end of the motor housing is equipped with the control box.
  • the opening of the control box faces the end of the motor housing.
  • the width H of the control box is larger than that of the motor housing.
  • the diameter D of the control circuit board should be wide, the edge of the control circuit board is arranged with a longer axial length of the electronic vitality part, and the bottom of the longer axial length of the electronic vitality part extends out of the control box and is located on one side of the motor housing.
  • the aforementioned electronic element with longer axial length is a capacitive element.
  • the control box described above has a baffle extending axially, and the baffle shields the outer side of the electronic vitality element with a long axial length.
  • the above-mentioned baffle is also connected to a cover plate.
  • the cover plate includes a left side plate, a right side plate and a bottom plate.
  • the left side plate, the right side plate, the bottom plate and the baffle enclose the cover body to cover the long axial length electronics. Outside the bottom of the vitality piece.
  • the bottom of the baffle mentioned above is provided with upper mounting ears protruding outwards, the lower mounting ears protruding outwards from the cover plate, and the upper mounting ears and the lower mounting ears are connected by a first screw.
  • the above-mentioned motor housing includes a rear end cover, lower lugs extend from both sides of the rear end cover, upper lugs extend from both sides of the control box, and the lower lug and the upper lug are connected by a second screw.
  • the present invention has the following effects:
  • the constant air volume induced draft fan of the present invention includes a volute, a wind wheel, and a motor.
  • the motor is installed outside the volute through a mounting bracket.
  • the motor includes a motor body and a motor controller.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit.
  • the operating speed range of the induced draft fan can be 0-8000RPM, the static pressure range is 0-1000Pa, and the small output air volume is 0-300CFM, which is suitable for different working environment requirements.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an induced draft fan according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view from another angle of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded view of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded view of a partial structure of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a motor controller of an induced draft fan according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an exploded view of the motor controller of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit block diagram of the motor controller of the induced draft fan in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a partial circuit diagram corresponding to Fig. 9;
  • Figure 11 is a control flow chart of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a cluster of constant air volume fitting curves obtained through experimental measurements in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a curve diagram of experimental data fitting curve for direct power control of a constant air volume of a 1/3HP PM motor in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is a curve diagram of the experimental data fitting curve of using interpolation to solve arbitrary input air volume in the second embodiment of the present invention
  • 15 is a control logic diagram of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of a control process of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another control process of the constant air volume control method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 19 is a block diagram of an implementation circuit of the motor controller of the PM motor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a traditional vector control of a typical PM motor
  • Fig. 21 is a diagram of the relationship between the coordinate systems of a typical vector control of a traditional PM motor
  • Figure 22 is a control logic diagram of the constant air volume control method of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a constant air volume induced draft fan, which includes a volute 1, a wind wheel 2, and a motor 3.
  • the motor 3 is installed outside the volute 1 through a mounting bracket 4.
  • the motor 3 includes a motor body And a motor controller.
  • the motor body includes a stator assembly 31, a permanent magnet rotor assembly 32, a rotating shaft 33, and a motor housing 34.
  • a wind wheel 2 is installed in the volute 1, and the motor 3 drives the wind wheel 2 to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes The control box 35 and the control circuit board 36 are installed in the control box 35.
  • the control box 35 is installed at the end of the motor housing 34.
  • the opening 351 of the control box 35 faces the end of the motor housing 34.
  • the width H of the control box 35 is greater than The diameter D of the motor housing 34 should be wide.
  • the edge of the control circuit board 36 is provided with an electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length.
  • the bottom of the electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length extends out of the control box 35 and is located in the motor housing. 34 on the side. In this way, the height of the motor body and the motor controller combination is reduced, and the space is small, which is suitable for installation of different loads and is more compact.
  • the aforementioned electronic element 37 with a longer axial length is a capacitive element and has a reasonable layout.
  • the aforementioned control box shaft 35 has a baffle 352 extending in the direction.
  • the baffle 352 covers the outer side of the electronic vitality element 37 with a longer axial length.
  • the baffle 352 can prevent collision and block the water outside.
  • the above-mentioned baffle 352 is also connected to a cover plate 38.
  • the cover plate 38 includes a left side plate 381, a right side plate 382 and a bottom plate 383.
  • the left side plate 381, the right side plate 382, the bottom plate 383 and the baffle 352 form a cover.
  • the body cover is outside the bottom of the electronic vitality member 37 with a longer axial length. In this way, the airtightness of the electronic vitality component 37 can be greatly improved, and the electronic vitality component 37 can be effectively protected.
  • the bottom of the baffle 352 described above is provided with an upper mounting ear 3521 protruding outward, a lower mounting ear 384 protruding from the cover plate 38, and the upper mounting ear 3521 and the lower mounting ear 384 are connected by a first screw 40.
  • the structure is simple, and the installation is convenient.
  • the above-mentioned motor housing 34 includes a rear end cover 341, lower lugs 3411 extend from both sides of the rear end cover 341, upper lugs 353, lower lugs 3411 and upper lugs 353 extend from both sides of the control box 35. It is connected by the second screw 39, the structure is simple and the installation is convenient.
  • the control circuit board 36 of the motor controller integrates the following circuits: microprocessor, inverter circuit, phase current measurement circuit, bus current detection circuit, bus voltage detection circuit, rectifier circuit, switching power supply and The protection circuit, the phase current measurement circuit detects the phase current of the coil winding in the stator assembly and inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor estimates the real-time speed n and rotor position of the motor based on the phase current of the coil winding.
  • the bus current detection circuit connects the bus The current is input to the microprocessor, and the bus voltage detection circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor controls the inverter circuit.
  • the inverter circuit controls the power on and off of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly, and the microprocessor controls the motor. Input power control circuit.
  • the rotor position measurement circuit 14 generally uses 3 Hall sensors, and the 3 Hall sensors respectively detect the rotor position in a 360-degree electrical angle cycle, every 120 degrees of rotation. The electrical angle changes the energization of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly 12 once to form a 3-phase 6-step control mode.
  • the DC bus voltage VDC is output at one end of the capacitor C1.
  • the DC bus voltage VDC is related to the input AC voltage.
  • the DC bus current IDC can be changed.
  • the inverter circuit is composed of electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6.
  • the control terminals of the electronic switch tubes Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, and Q6 are respectively output by the microprocessor It is controlled by 6 PWM signals (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6).
  • the inverter circuit is also connected to the resistor R1 to detect the bus current IDC.
  • the bus current detection circuit converts the detected bus current IDC of the resistor R1 and transmits it to microprocessor.
  • the motor input power control is controlled by the electronic switch tube Q7, and a PWM signal output by the microprocessor-namely P0, controls the on-time of the electronic switch tube Q7 to control the motor input power.
  • the protection circuit includes an overcurrent protection circuit, an overvoltage protection circuit, and an overtemperature protection circuit.
  • the PM motor direct power control constant air volume control method
  • the PM motor drives the wind wheel
  • the PM motor has a stator assembly, a permanent magnet rotor assembly and a motor controller
  • the device includes a microprocessor, an inverter circuit, a rotor position measurement circuit, a bus current detection circuit, a bus voltage detection circuit, and a motor input power control circuit (not shown in the figure).
  • the rotor position measurement circuit detects the rotor position signal and inputs it to the micro
  • the processor calculates the real-time speed n of the motor according to the rotor position signal
  • the bus current detection circuit inputs the bus current to the microprocessor
  • the bus voltage detection circuit inputs the DC bus voltage to the microprocessor
  • the microprocessor controls the reverse
  • the variable circuit, the inverter circuit controls the on and off of each phase coil winding of the stator assembly, and the microprocessor controls the motor input power control circuit, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:
  • Step A) Start the motor controller and receive the target air volume value IN-CFM
  • Step F If the power increment value ⁇ P is greater than or equal to the set value Pset; the power/speed control logic will calculate whether the operating time of the speed loop is reached; if the operating time of the speed loop is not reached, keep the current operating point;
  • a constant air volume CFM is provided by controlling the power and speed at a specific static pressure.
  • the characteristic curve represents the physical characteristics of the constant air volume that maintains the control power and speed.
  • the process of curve fitting is to select a polynomial to describe the curve, and the coefficient of the polynomial can be obtained by the least square method.
  • each target air volume corresponds to a set of C 1 , C 2 and C 3 coefficients as shown in Table 1 below:
  • Figure 13 is the experimental data fitting curve diagram of the direct power control constant air volume of a 1/3HP PM motor in a small pipe HVAC system.
  • the system selects some typical air volume CFM as the test point to establish a
  • the database is used for building mathematical models. These typical points include minimum and maximum air volume values, with some intermediate points added. According to product specifications, there are 5 typical air volume CFMs as test points, 150CFM/300CFM/450CFM/600CFM and 750CFM.
  • Table 2 shows an example of the test data results.
  • the range of the motor speed is from 200 to 1400rpm; the static pressure of the system is from 0 to 1000Pa.
  • each predetermined CFM air volume corresponds to the quadratic function of power and speed, obtained in a standard calculation method: these equations define the power and the speed of any system operating point at a specific static pressure.
  • the motor system defines a corresponding function, and the trajectory of its operating point follows the function definition. Equations (3) to (7) can be expressed as a standard equation, and C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are constants.
  • the requested constant air volume IN-CFM is not one of the modeling curves, use an interpolation method to obtain a new characteristic equation to fit the requested constant air volume IN-CFM, for example, when the requested constant air volume IN-CFM is requested
  • the weight value W is calculated as follows:
  • the real-time input power Pi of the motor is processed by a digital low-pass filter: the application of filtering technology of an infinite impulse response filter assumes that the input and output are sampled within the sampling period (PWM switching frequency).
  • the sequence representation of power input (P in1 ,...P ini ..., P inn ) and the sequence representation of power output (Pout1,...Pouti...,Poutn) correspond to the same time point, and then the low-pass filter can be considered as:
  • the discrete-time, low-pass filter can be expressed as an exponentially weighted moving average.
  • the change from one filter output to the next is proportional to the difference between the previous output and input, and this smoothness exponentially decays in proportion to the continuous time system.
  • the discrete-time smoothing factor ⁇ decreases, and the sequence of power output (Pout1,...Pouti...,Poutn) reacts slowly, and the sequence of power input represents (P in1 , ...P ini ..., P inn ) Therefore, the system has higher inertia.
  • This filtering technique can also be applied to the two signal processing calculations of DC bus voltage and DC bus current.
  • DPC Direct Power Control
  • the function of the power/speed control logic is to coordinate the power/speed loop time constant to ensure the stability of the system. Control can be achieved by controlling the precise control of the motor, comparing with torque control. Whether it is scalar or vector control, speed control is more effective than torque control, which improves control accuracy.
  • DPC control is speed control through unique power and fan load speed characteristics.
  • the motor goes from zero speed to high speed, the power also increases from zero to high speed.
  • the motor speed will rise until it reaches a pair of operating points A (power, speed), which is the static pressure point, as shown in Figure 16.
  • A power, speed
  • the motor provides more power (or Greater torque) to maintain speed, due to higher static pressure requires a lot of power requirements.
  • the power will suddenly rise to a higher level.
  • the algorithm will know whether it is at a constant CFM trajectory curve operating point, thereby determining a pair of power/ Speed point "C”. But point C is not a stable operating point. Due to high power requirements, go to point "D”, repeat, and wait until it converges to a new stable operating point "G", and end.
  • Figure 15 is the logic block diagram of this algorithm in the PM motor scalar control application.
  • the input power is calculated from the DC bus voltage and current.
  • the power and speed will be limited to the maximum power P max and the speed n max .
  • the real-time output power Pi of the motor obtains the power difference ⁇ P, and the power difference ⁇ P is limited to avoid excessive power difference ⁇ P and large adjustment power fluctuations.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is output through the power/speed control logic for speed loop control, and the PWM inverter performs speed control.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a bus current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the PM motor is a 3-phase brushless DC permanent magnet synchronous motor based on vector control without a rotor position sensor.
  • the phase current detection circuit detects the phase current of the stator winding and then inputs it to the microprocessor.
  • the flow observer calculates the rotor speed n and rotor position based on the phase current and the DC bus voltage.
  • the DC bus voltage Vbus is output at one end of the capacitor C1, and the DC bus voltage Vbus is related to the input AC voltage.
  • Figure 20 is A typical block diagram of vector control.
  • FIG 21 it is a typical coordinate system diagram of vector control.
  • Vector control is described in detail in textbooks and patent documents, so there is no need to describe it here. Knowing the target speed of control, vector control can be used to achieve closed-loop control.
  • ⁇ represents the rotor speed
  • ⁇ is the rotation angle between the d-q axis coordinate system and the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate
  • ⁇ is the rotation load angle between the d-q axis coordinate system and the ds-qs axis coordinate system. Therefore, the vector current and vector voltage of the d-q axis coordinate system can be converted into the current and voltage of the ⁇ - ⁇ coordinate system.
  • the motor operating parameter detection circuit includes a phase current detection circuit and a bus voltage detection circuit.
  • the phase current detection circuit and the bus voltage detection circuit detect the phase current and bus voltage data and input the phase current and bus voltage data to the microprocessor.
  • the logical block diagram of the DPC constant air volume control method As shown in Figure 22, in the sensorless vector control PM motor system, the logical block diagram of the DPC constant air volume control method.
  • the input power is calculated by the vector control. This power is filtered and used for power control.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is obtained, and the power difference ⁇ P is limited to avoid excessive power difference ⁇ P and large fluctuations in the adjustment power.
  • the power difference ⁇ P is output through the power/speed control logic for speed loop control, and the speed loop control is realized through vector control.
  • the data of this embodiment is the data obtained when the air volume is 0-1000 CFM, the static pressure is at a low static pressure of 0-300 Pa, and the speed is 0-2000 RPM, which is suitable for constant air volume under this condition.
  • the present invention uses the small constant air volume induced draft fan of the first embodiment. Its output air volume is in the range of 0-300CFM, working in the range of 0-1000Pa, and the rotating speed is in the range of 0-8000RPM. After calculation and comparison, the experimental data of embodiment 1 is very good. Most of the mismatches result in a large constant air volume control error, which cannot meet the customer's requirements, especially when the static pressure is 500Pa-1000Pa and the rotation speed is 4000RPM-8000RPM, the original data error is very large. Therefore, this embodiment provides a new solution on the basis of the second embodiment to expand the requirements of the working environment to which it can adapt.
  • the calculation model of this embodiment is the same as the calculation model of the second embodiment.
  • the reason for increasing the power proportional coefficient a and speed proportional coefficient b is that when the target constant air volume is not the air volume value in the table, it needs to be calculated by interpolation.
  • the coefficients obtained by the interpolation method are limited.
  • the coefficient calculated by the interpolation method will overflow (the coefficient exceeds 2 16 ), and the calculation result cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the power proportional coefficient a and the speed proportional coefficient b .
  • both P/a and n/b need to be around 1 (between 0-2). According to the measured speed and power range, the value of the power proportional coefficient a is obtained in the range of 50-100.
  • the scale factor b is in the range of 3000-8000.
  • This embodiment provides: a constant air volume induced draft fan, including a volute 1, a wind wheel 2, and a motor 3.
  • the motor 3 is installed outside the volute 1 through a mounting bracket 4, the motor 3 includes a motor body and a motor controller, and the motor body includes The stator assembly 31, the permanent magnet rotor assembly 32, the rotating shaft 33, the motor housing 34, the volute 1 is equipped with a wind wheel 2, and the motor 3 drives the wind wheel 2 to rotate.
  • the motor controller includes a motor operating parameter detection circuit and a micro
  • the induced draft fan can output a constant air volume.
  • C 1 , C 2 ,..., Cm are coefficients.

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Abstract

一种恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳（1）、风轮（2）、电机（3），电机（3）通过安装支架（4）安装在蜗壳（1）外面，电机（3）包括电机本体以及电机控制器，电机本体包括定子组件（31）、永磁转子组件（32）、转轴（33）、电机外壳（34），蜗壳（1）里面安装有风轮（2），电机（3）驱动风轮（2）转动，电机控制器包括电机运行参数检测电路和微处理器，微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM和恒风量控制的函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b)，通过控制输入功率和转速使引风机输出恒定的风量，其中P是电机输入功率，n是电机转速，a是功率比例系数，b是转速的比例系数。通过增加功率比例系数a和转速比例系数b，可使得引风机适用于不同工作环境需求。

Description

一种恒风量引风机 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种恒风量引风机。
背景技术：
现有的直流引风机都为恒转速引风机，当静压波动大的时候直流引风机输出风量不稳定。
申请人于2014年申请了一项发明专利，该专利的申请号:CN201410042547.8申请日:2014.01.28公开(公告)号:CN104807152A、专利名称：一种开PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法及其应用的HVAC系统；这个专利的恒风量控制方法适用于低静压(0-300Pa)，低转速(0-2000RPM),大风量(0-1000CFM)。
对于高静压、高转速、小风量的场合就不适用，导致应用范围受到很大的限制，有鉴于此，必须对该控制方法进行改良。
另外，目前的引风机，在电机后面安装电机控制器，电机控制器里面有一些电子元器件的轴向高度较高，导致整个引风机轴向尺寸较大，影响安装。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种恒风量引风机，解决现有技术中通过控制电机输入功率和电机转速进行恒风量控制适用范围较窄的技术问题。
本发明的进一步目的是提供一种恒风量引风机，解决现有技术中整个引风机轴向尺寸较大，影响安装的技术问题。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案予以实现的。
一种恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳、风轮、电机，电机通过安装支架安装在蜗壳外面，电机包括电机本体以及电机控制器，电机本体包括定子组件、永磁转子组件、转轴、电机外壳，蜗壳里面安装有风轮，电机驱动风轮转动，所述的电机控制器包括电机运行参数检测电路和微处理器，其特征在于：微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM和预先设定的恒风量控制的函数P/a＝f(n/b),通过控制输入功率和转速使引风机输出恒定的风量，其中P是电机输入功率，n是电 机转速，a是功率比例系数，b是转速的比例系数。
上述所述的函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b)是一个多项式函数：
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000001
其中C 1,C 2,…,Cm是系数，根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C 1,C 2,…,Cm系数和功率比例系数a和转速的比例系数b，从而得到函数关系式P/a＝fx(n/b)，x＝1,2,3，…，功率比例系数a的值为50-100的范围,转速比例系数b为3000-8000的范围。
所述的电机运行参数检测电路包括母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路检测实时母线电流IDC和实时母线电压VDC，电机实时输入功率Pi＝IDC×VDC。
上述所述的电机运行参数检测电路包括相线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，相线电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路检测实时相电流和实时母线电压数据输入到微处理器，实时相电流和实时母线电压转换成α-β坐标上的电流Iα、Iβ、电压Vα、Vβ，电机实时输入功率Pi＝3/2(Iα·Vα+Iβ·Vβ)。
上述所述的电机控制器包括控制盒和控制线路板，控制线路板安装在控制盒里面，电机外壳的尾部安装控制盒，控制盒的开口朝向电机外壳的尾部，控制盒的宽度H比电机外壳的直径D要宽，控制线路板的边缘布置有上轴向长度较长的电子元气件，轴向长度较长的电子元气件的底部伸出控制盒并位于电机外壳的一侧。
上述所述的轴向长度较长的电子元气件是电容器件。
上述所述的控制盒轴向伸出有挡板，挡板遮挡住轴向长度较长的电子元气件的外侧。
上述所述的挡板上还连接盖板，盖板包括左侧板、右侧板和底板，左侧板、右侧板、底板和挡板围成罩体罩在轴向长度较长的电子元气件的底部外面。
上述所述的挡板底部往外凸出设置上安装耳，盖板上往外凸出下安装耳， 上安装耳与下安装耳通过第一螺钉连接。
上述所述的电机外壳包括后端盖，后端盖两侧伸出有下凸耳，控制盒的两侧伸出有上凸耳，下凸耳和上凸耳通过第二螺钉连接。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下效果：
1)本发明的恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳、风轮、电机，电机通过安装支架安装在蜗壳外面，电机包括电机本体以及电机控制器，所述的电机控制器包括电机运行参数检测电路和微处理器，其特征在于：微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM获得恒风量控制的函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b),其中P是电机输入功率，n是电机转速，a是功率比例系数，b是转速的比例系数，通过控制输入功率和转速使引风机输出恒定的风量。通过增加功率比例系数a和转速比例系数b，可使引风机运行转速范围在0—8000RPM，静压范围在0—1000Pa，小输出风量0-300CFM，适用于不同工作环境需求。
2)本发明的其它优点在实施例作详细的描述。
附图说明：
图1是本发明实施例一的引风机的一个角度的立体图；
图2是本发明实施例一的引风机的另一个角度的立体图；
图3是本发明实施例一的引风机的一个角度的分解图；
图4是本发明实施例一的引风机的局部结构分解图；
图5是本发明实施例一的引风机的的俯视图；
图6是本图5的A-A剖视图；
图7是本发明实施例一的引风机的电机控制器的立体图；
图8是本发明实施例一的引风机的电机控制器的分解图；
图9是本发明实施例一的引风机的电机控制器的电路方框图；
图10是图9对应的部分电路图；
图11是本发明实施例二的控制流程图；
图12是本发明实施例二通过实验测得到得一簇恒风量拟合曲线；
图13是本发明实施例二的1/3HP的PM电机直接功率控制恒风量的实验数据拟合曲线图；
图14是本发明实施例二的利用插值法求解任意输入风量实验数据拟合曲线图
图15是本发明实施例二的恒风量控制方法的控制逻辑图；
图16是本发明实施例二的恒风量控制方法的一种控制过程示意图；
图17是本发明实施例二的恒风量控制方法的另一种控制过程示意图；
图18是本发明实施例二的恒风量控制方法的经过实验验证的测试结果图；
图19是本发明实施例二的PM电机的电机控制器的一种实施电路方框图；
图20是传统的一个典型的PM电机矢量控制的原理图；
图21是传统的一个典型的PM电机矢量控制的各坐标系关系图；
图22是本发明实施例二的恒风量控制方法的控制逻辑图.
具体实施方式：
下面通过具体实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例一：
如图1至图8所示，本实施例提供一种恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳1、风轮2、电机3，电机3通过安装支架4安装在蜗壳1外面，电机3包括电机本体以及电机控制器，电机本体包括定子组件31、永磁转子组件32、转轴33、电机外壳34，蜗壳1里面安装有风轮2，电机3驱动风轮2转动，所述的电机控制器包括控制盒35和控制线路板36，控制线路板36安装在控制盒35里面，电机外壳34的尾部安装控制盒35，控制盒35的开口351朝向电机外壳34的尾部，控制盒35的宽度H比电机外壳34的直径D要宽，控制线路板36的边缘布置有上轴向长度较长的电子元气件37，轴向长度较长的电子元气件37的底部伸出控制盒35并位于电机外壳34的一侧。这样使电机本体以及电机控制器组合的高度降低，占用空间小，适合不同的负载安装，就够更加紧凑。
上述所述的轴向长度较长的电子元气件37是电容器件，布局合理。
上述所述的控制盒轴35向伸出有挡板352，挡板352遮挡住轴向长度较长的电子元气件37的外侧，挡板352可以防碰撞和挡住外侧的水。
上述所述的挡板352上还连接盖板38，盖板38包括左侧板381、右侧板382和底板383，左侧板381、右侧板382、底板383和挡板352围成罩体罩在轴向长度较长的电子元气件37的底部外面。这样可以大大提高电子元气件37密闭性，有效保护电子元气件37。
上述所述的挡板352底部往外凸出设置上安装耳3521，盖板38上往外凸出下安装耳384，上安装耳3521与下安装耳384通过第一螺钉40连接。结构简单，安装防便。
上述所述的电机外壳34包括后端盖341，后端盖341两侧伸出有下凸耳3411，控制盒35的两侧伸出有上凸耳353，下凸耳3411和上凸耳353通过第二螺钉39连接，结构简单，安装方便。
如图9、图10所示，电机控制器的控制线路板36集成如下电路：微处理器、逆变电路、相电流测量电路、母线电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路、整流电路、开关电源和保护电路，相电流测量电路检测定子组件中的线圈绕组的相电流并输入到微处理器，微处理器根据线圈绕组的相电流估算出电机的实时转速n和转子位置，母线电流检测电路将母线电流输入到微处理器，母线电压检测电路将直流母线电压输入到微处理器，微处理器控制逆变电路，逆变电路控制定子组件的各相线圈绕组的通断电，微处理器控制电机输入功率控制电路。
假设PM电机3是3相无刷直流永磁同步电机，转子位置测量电路14一般采用3个霍尔传感器，3个霍尔传感器分别检测一个360度电角度周期的转子位置，每转过120度电角度改变一次定子组件12的各相线圈绕组的通电，形成3相6步控制模式。交流输入(AC INPUT)经过由二级管D7、D8、D9、D10组成的全波整流电路后，在电容C1的一端输出直流母线电压VDC,直流母线电压VDC与输入交流电压有关，交流输入(AC INPUT)的电压确定后，3相绕组的线电压 UP是PWM斩波输出电压，UP＝VDC*w，w是微处理器输入到逆变电路的PWM信号的占空比，改变线电压UP可以改变直流母线电流IDC,逆变电路由电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6组成，电子开关管Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4、Q5、Q6的控制端分别由微处理器输出的6路PWM信号(P1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P6)控制，逆变电路还连接电阻R1用于检测母线电流IDC，母线电流检测电路将电阻R1的检测母线电流IDC转换后传送到微处理器。电机输入功率控制由电子开关管Q7控制，微处理器输出的1路PWM信号--即P0，来控制电子开关管Q7的导通时间，以控制电机输入功率。保护电路包括过流保护电路、过压保护电路和过温保护电路。
实施例二：
具体见图10、图11所示，PM电机直接功率控制的恒风量控制方法，所述的PM电机驱动风轮，PM电机具有定子组件、永磁转子组件以及电机控制器，所述的电机控制器包括微处理器、逆变电路、转子位置测量电路、母线电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路和电机输入功率控制电路(图中未画出)，转子位置测量电路检测转子位置信号并输入到微处理器，微处理器根据转子位置信号计算出电机的实时转速n，母线电流检测电路将母线电流输入到微处理器，母线电压检测电路将直流母线电压输入到微处理器，微处理器控制逆变电路，逆变电路控制定子组件的各相线圈绕组的通断电，微处理器控制电机输入功率控制电路，其特征在于：它包括如下步骤：
步骤A)起动电机控制器，接收目标风量值IN-CFM；
步骤B)根据目标风量值IN-CFM获得对应的函数关系式P＝f x(n)，x＝1,2,3，…，其中n是转速，P是电机的输入功率；
步骤C)进入直接功率控制恒风量控制模式：控制电机或电机速度为零时启动电机，使它沿着函数P＝f(n)的控制轨迹到达一稳定的工作点(Pt,nt)；Pt,nt是位于满足恒风量控制函数P＝f(n)的轨迹上一对输入功率和转速；
步骤D)保持直接功率控制恒风量控制模式：根据电机运行参数计算出电机 实时输入功率Pi；计算ΔP＝|Pt-Pi|；
步骤E)若功率增量值ΔP小于设定值Pset,保持现有工作点；
步骤F)若功率增量值ΔP大于等于设定值Pset；功率/转速控制逻辑将计算速度环的操作时间是否达到；如果速度环的操作时间没有达到，保持现有工作点；
步骤G)如果速度环的操作时间已经达到，进入速度控制回路按Δn＝|ni-nt|调节速度,ni是实时转速，实现轨迹上的新工作点(Pi，ni),即令Pt＝Pi,nt＝ni,回到步骤C。
上述所述的函数P＝f(n)是这样获得的：先采集原始数据，针对若干个目标风量，从低静压一直调节到高静压，这个静压要能涵盖应用的实际静压范围，在调节静压的过程中，让电机处于恒转速控制，并通过调节电机转速n和电机实时输入功率Pi保持风量为目标风量，并记录此时的电机稳态转速n和对应的电机实时输入功率Pi，这样，针对若干个目标风量，都产生了一组转速n和电机实时输入功率Pi，然后通过曲线拟合的方法产生若干个目标风量中的每一个目标风量对应一个函数关系式P＝f x(n)，x＝1,2,3，…，。
上述所述如果外部输入目标风量值IN-CFM都不等于上述测定的若干个目标风量的其中一个，可以通过插值法,拟合计算与任何外部输入目标风量值IN-CFM相对应的函数关系式P＝f x(n)，x＝1,2,3，…，。实现了全程任意目标风量的恒风量控制。
上述所述的函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个多项式函数：P＝C 1+C 2×n+...+C m×n m-1，其中C 1,C 2,…,Cm是系数，n是电机转速值，每一个目标风量对应一组C 1,C 2,…,Cm系数并储存起来，微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C 1,C 2,…,Cm系数，从而得到函数关系式P＝f(n)。
述所述函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个二阶函数：P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2。
本发明的直接功率控制恒风量的控制方法(Direct P Control for Constant Airflow Control Apparatus Method)开发和数学模型建立是这样的：一般来 说，在一个通风系统，风机由PM电机驱动的驱动在一个稳定的状态产生的气流空气。一个恒定的风量控制通过在一个静态的压力条件下的速度、功率控制实现，见如下关系式：CFM＝F(P,speed,pressure)，其中CFM是风量，P是功率,speed是速度，pressure是静压。当静态压力的变化，用功率和速度的控制维持该恒风量。随着静态压力增加，功率与速度随之变化。一簇恒风量CFM曲线可以测试出，如图12所示的。基于这些恒风量CFM曲线，开发控制模型，当产品控制确定风量要求，通过控制功率和速度在特定的静态压力提供一个恒定风量CFM。在图12中，特性曲线代表保持控制功率和速度的的恒风量物理特性，所有电机的额定功率范围内，对任何类型的设计的气流系统的空调厂家，基于功率的测试结果与速度曲线，可以得出结论，一个典型的二次函数可以很好地用于开发建模作为一种典型的函数，P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2，通过在曲线上选者三个待定点(A，B和C)，其对应的坐标上的数据是(p1,n1),(p2,n2),(p3,n3)取得系数C1、C2、C3，见如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000002
通过
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000003
and
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000004
通过求解方程，m＝3。
曲线拟合的过程是选择多项式描述曲线，多项式的系数可以通过最小二乘法求出。理论上可以用P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2+...+Cm×n m-1，实际上选择二项式就可以满足一般的需要。函数关系式P＝f(n)是一个二阶函数：P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2，其中C 1、C 2和C 3是系数，n是电机转速值，在测试的若干个目标风量中任何一个目标风量对应一组C 1、C 2和C 3系数并储存起来，微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法获得对应的一组C 1、C 2和C 3系数，从而得到函数关系式P＝f(n)，在某负载中每一个目标风量对应一组C 1、C 2和C 3系数具体如下表1所示：
CFM C 1 C 2 C 3
150 0.338 —0.151 0.0458
300 0.4423 —0.2113 0.0765
450 。。。 。。。 。。。
600 。。。 。。。 。。。
750 。。。 。。。 。。。
900 。。。 。。。 。。。
表1
图13是1/3HP的PM电机在小型管道的HVAC系统的直接功率控制恒风量的实验数据拟合曲线图，对于一个给定的目标气流，系统选择某些典型的风量CFM作为测试点建立一个数据库为建立数学模型之用。这些典型的点包括最小和最大风量值，附加一些中间点根据产品规格，典型的风量CFM作为测试点有5个，分别为150CFM/300CFM/450CFM/600CFM和750CFM。
表2显示测试数据结果的一个例子。电机的转速的范围是从200到1400rpm；系统的静态压力从0到1000Pa。保持预设恒风量CCFM输出，获得一个对应图13的电机输入功率标么值，形成一个数据库。
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000006
表2
利用最小二乘法，每个预定的CFM风量对应功率和转速的二次函数，在一个标准的计算方法得到的：这些方程定义的功率与在一个特定的静态压力的任何系统的工作点的速度。当输入设定风量IN-CFM预设，电机系统定义了一个与之对应的函数，其工作点的轨迹遵循函数定义。方程(3)到(7)可以表示为一个标准方程，C 1、C 2和C 3是常数。
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000011
即得到P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2，方程(3)到(7)建模曲线提供了几个恒风量CFM需求的5个选择工作点的轨迹，Power是功率，n是转速。
如图14所示，如果请求的恒风量IN-CFM要求不是建模曲线其中的一个，使用一种插值方法来获得一个新的特征方程拟合该请求的恒风量IN-CFM，例如 当请求的恒风量IN-CFM＝525cfm要求被接收，相邻两个曲线CFM1-600cfm和CFM2-450cfm建模可以识别。然后两个相应的方程可以用于计算IN-CFM＝525cfm曲线的新方程。基于需求的IN-CFM＝525cfm，三个选定的速度ω 1、ω 2、ω 3，确定在这些速度计算出功率值，利用这两个模型曲线对应的方程对于双功率点在选定的速度，线性加权插值可以用来计算P值.首先列出矩阵数据如下。
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000012
对于一对功率点(p 1i,p 2i)对应一个选定的速度ω，选定的速度ω 1、ω 2、ω 3对应3对功率点p 1i,p 2i，线性加权插值可以用来计算Pi值为pi＝p 2i+w.(p 1i-p 2i)。
权重值W是这样计算的：
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000013
注意该CFM2≤IN-CFM≤CFM1，等0≤W≤1。下面的矩阵方程可计算的，
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000014
这样对应的IN-CFM＝525cfm的函数P＝C 1+C 2×n+C 3×n 2能被得到。解决这个矩阵方程，对C 1、C 2、C 3系数可以计算。因此，任何需求输入风量IN-CFM都可以得到功率方程。由于这一过程是在电机控制器里面的微处理器---单片机初始化完成，所以功率的计算不需要消耗较多实时的CPU资源。
电机实时输入功率Pi采用数字低通滤波器进行处理：无限脉冲响应滤波器的滤波技术的应用，假设输入和输出采样在采样周期内(PWM开关频率)。功率输入的序列表示(P in1，…P ini…，P inn)和功率输出的序列来表示(Pout1，…Pouti…，Poutn)，对应于同一时间点，然后低通滤波器可以考虑作为：
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000015
其中T：时间常数；
以上条款后，重新给出了递推关系，离散时间，低通滤波器可以表示为指数加权移动平均。
p outi＝a·p ini+(1-a)·p outi-1
其中
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000016
根据定义，平滑因子0≤α≤1。如果α＝0.5，那么时间常数等于采样周期。如果α＜＜0.5，那么时间常数是显着大于采样间隔。
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000017
电力滤波在DPC控制，a≤0.01。所以Δt＝a T。
从一个滤波器输出到下一个变化是以前的输出和输入之间的差异成比例，这一平滑性指数衰减的比例在连续时间系统。正如预期的那样，随着时间的不断增加，离散时间平滑因子α减小，和功率输出的序列来表示(Pout1，…Pouti…，Poutn)反应比较慢，在功率输入的序列表示(P in1，…P ini…，P inn)因此系统具有更高的惯性。
这种过滤技术也可以应用于直流母线电压，直流母线电流的两个信号处理计算。
可以看出，本直接功率控制DPC(Direct Power Control)使用转速控制来实现功率控制。功率/转速控制逻辑的功能是协调功率/转速回路时间常数以保证系统的稳定性。控制可以通过控制电机的精确控制,转矩控制比较。无论是标量或矢量控制中,速度控制较转矩控制更有效，提高控制精度。
DPC控制是通过独特的功率和风机负载速度特性进行速度控制。电机从零转速到高转速，功率也是这样从零到增大。电机的转速将上升直至达到一对工作 点A(功率，速度)，是静态压力点，如图16所示，当静态压力突然增大，在速度控制模式下，电机提供更多的功率(或更大的扭矩)保持速度，由于较高的静压力需要很大的功率要求。功率会突然上升到更高的，当电机系统达到了一个新的工作点的“B”以相同的速度，该算法将知道这是不是在恒定的CFM轨迹曲线工作点，从而确定一对功率/速度点“C”。但C点不是一个稳定的工作点，由于高功率的要求，然后去“D”点，反复，等收敛到一个新的稳定工作点的“G”，结束。
在实施中，我们可以减少功率波动突然变化时，通过使用受限制的功率增量控制。它显示在图17中，增量功率可以被指定为ΔP。只要功率变化超过该功率增量ΔP，速度控制将进行速度控制。在这种方式中，所有的工作点在对应恒风量CFM轨迹曲线一个正负带宽下工作。静压变化过渡过程中的风流控制系统是稳定的。
如图18所示，上述电机直接功率控制恒风量控制方法和算法已在我们的PM电机控制器上试验，所有的系统性能，满足了如图18所示的要求。
图15是本算法在PM电机标量控制应用的逻辑框图,输入功率由直流母线电压，电流计算获得.功率及转速将被限幅于最大功率P max,及转速n max之内。
通过反馈的直流母线电流/电压计算电机实时输入功率值Pi,那么根据外部输入的风量IN-CFM与功率/速度数据匹配,得到电机输入功率的计算值Pt，比较电机输入功率的计算值Pt与电机实时输出功率Pi，得到功率差ΔP，功率差ΔP被限制，避免功率差ΔP过大，调节功率波动较大。功率差ΔP通过功率/速度控制逻辑输出，进行速度环控制，PWM变频器进行转速控制.
电机实时输入功率Pi的计算，图10中，采用标量控制，所述的电机运行参数检测电路包括母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路检测实时母线电流IDC和实时母线电压VDC，电机实时输入功率Pi＝IDC×VDC。
如图19所示，假设PM电机是基于无转子位置传感器的矢量控制的3相无 刷直流永磁同步电机，相电流检测电路检测定子绕组的相电流然后输入到微处理器，微处理器里面的流量观测器根据相的电流和直流母线电压计算转子的转速n和转子位置。交流输入(AC INPUT)经过由二级管D7、D8、D9、D10组成的全波整流电路后，在电容C1的一端输出直流母线电压Vbus,直流母线电压Vbus与输入交流电压有关.图20是一个典型的矢量控制的方框图。
如图21所述，是一个典型的矢量控制的坐标系统图，矢量控制在教科书和专利文献上均有详细记载，所以在此没有必要叙述。知道控制的目标转速，就可以利用矢量控制实现闭环控制。图中有3个坐标系，一个固定笛卡尔坐标系(α-β坐标)，一个是转子旋转坐标(d-q轴坐标系)，一个是定子磁通旋转坐标系(ds-qs轴坐标系)。图中，ω代表转子速度，θ是d-q轴坐标系与α-β坐标的旋转夹角，δ是d-q轴坐标系与ds-qs轴坐标系的旋转负载角。因此d-q轴坐标系的矢量电流和矢量电压可以转换为α-β坐标系的电流和电压。
在图19中矢量控制中，电机运行参数检测电路包括相电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，相电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路检测相电流和母线电压数据输入到微处理器，实时相电流和实时母线电压V bus并转换成为αβ坐标上的电流Iα、Iβ、电压Vα、Vβ，电机实时输入功率Pi＝3/2(Iα×Vα+Iβ×Vβ)
如图22所示,在无传感器矢量控制PM电机系统,DPC恒风量控制方法的逻辑框图.输入功率由矢量控制算出.此功率经滤波后用于功率控制.磁通观测器估算转子转速和转子位置，那么根据外部输入的风量IN-CFM与功率/速度数据匹配，利用函数P＝f(n)换算成对应的电机输入功率的计算值Pt，比较电机输入功率的计算值Pt与电机实时输出功率Pi，得到功率差ΔP，功率差ΔP被限制，避免功率差ΔP过大，调节功率波动较大。功率差ΔP通过功率/速度控制逻辑输出，进行速度环控制,速度环控制通过矢量控制得以实现。
本实施例的数据是在风量0-1000CFM，静压在0-300Pa的低静压下，转速在0-2000RPM的情况下获取的数据，是适合在该条件下进行恒风量的数据。
实施例三：
本发明使用实施例一种的小型恒风量引风机，其输出风量在0-300CFM的范围，工作在0-1000Pa，转速在0-8000RPM的范围，经过运算对比，实施例1的实验数据有很大一部份不匹配，导致恒风量控制误差很大，不能达到客户的要求，尤其是在静压500Pa-1000Pa,转速在4000RPM-8000RPM的工作状态下，原有的数据误差非常大。故此，本实施例在实施例二的基础上提供一种新的方案，以扩大其适应的工作环境的要求。
本实施例的计算模型与实施例二的计算模型是一样的，增加功率比例系数a和转速比例系数b的原因是当目标恒风量不是表格中的风量值，就需要用插值法进行计算，而插值法出来的系数有限制，当转速和功率比较大的时候，插值法计算的系数就会溢出(系数超过2 16)，得不到计算结果，因此需要增加功率比例系数a和转速比例系数b。要得出计算结果，就需要P/a和n/b都在1左右(0-2之间)，根据实测转速和功率范围，得出功率比例系数a的值为50-100的范围,转速比例系数b为3000-8000的范围。
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000018
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000019
表3
表3的数据如果采用实施例二插值法计算的系数C1、C2、C3就会溢出(系数超过2 16)，故经过对功率比例系数a和转速比例系数b调节才能实施现。
本实施例提供：一种恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳1、风轮2、电机3，电机3通过安装支架4安装在蜗壳1外面，电机3包括电机本体以及电机控制器，电机本体包括定子组件31、永磁转子组件32、转轴33、电机外壳34，蜗壳1里面安装有风轮2，电机3驱动风轮2轮转动，所述的电机控制器包括电机运行参数检测电路和微处理器，其特征在于：微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM获得恒风量控制的函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b),其中P是电机输入功率，n是电机转速，a是功率比例系数，b是转速的比例系数，通过控制输入功率和转速使引风机输出恒定的风量。
函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b)是一个多项式函数：
Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-000020
其中C 1,C 2,…,Cm是系数，根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C 1,C 2,…,Cm系数和功率比例系数a和转速的比例系数b，见表4所示，从而得到函数关系式P/a＝f(n/b)，功率比例系数a的值为50-100的范围,转速比例系数b为3000-8000的范围。
风量CFM C 1 C 2 C 3 a b
50 0.238 -0.141 0.0258 64 3320
100 0.1533 -0.193 0.0465 73 4545
150 。。。 。。。 。。。    
200 。。。 。。。 。。。    
250 。。。 。。。 。。。    
300 。。。 。。。 。。。    
表4

Claims (10)

  1. 一种恒风量引风机，包括蜗壳(1)、风轮(2)、电机(3)，电机(3)通过安装支架(4)安装在蜗壳(1)外面，电机(3)包括电机本体以及电机控制器，电机本体包括定子组件(31)、永磁转子组件(32)、转轴(33)、电机外壳(34)，蜗壳(1)里面安装有风轮(2)，电机(3)驱动风轮(2)转动，所述的电机控制器包括电机运行参数检测电路和微处理器，其特征在于：微处理器根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM和预先设定的恒风量控制的函数P/a＝f(n/b),通过控制输入功率和转速使引风机输出恒定的风量，其中P是电机输入功率，n是电机转速，a是功率比例系数，b是转速的比例系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种恒风量引风机，其特征在于：所述的函数P/a＝f(n/b)是一个多项式函数：
    Figure PCTCN2020112384-appb-100001
    其中C 1,C 2,…,C m是系数，根据输入的目标风量值IN-CFM通过查表法或者插值法获得对应的一组C 1,C 2,…,C m系数和功率比例系数a和转速的比例系数b，从而得到函数关系式P/a＝f x(n/b)，x＝1,2,3，…，功率比例系数a的值为50-100的范围,转速比例系数b为3000-8000的范围。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种恒风量引风机，其特征在于：所述的电机运行参数检测电路包括母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，母线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路检测实时母线电流IDC和实时母线电压VDC，电机实时输入功率Pi＝IDC×VDC。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种恒风量引风机，其特征在于：所述的电机运行参数检测电路包括相线电流检测电路和母线电压检测电路，相线电流检测电路、母线电压检测电路检测实时相电流和实时母线电压数据输入到微处理器，实时相电流和实时母线电压转换成α-β坐标上的电流Iα、Iβ、电压Vα、Vβ，电机实时输入功率Pi＝3/2(Iα·Vα+Iβ·Vβ)。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3或4所述的一种恒风量引风机，其特征在于：所述的电机控制器包括控制盒(35)和控制线路板(36)，控制线路板(36)安装在控制盒(35)里面，电机外壳(34)的尾部安装控制盒(35)，控制盒(35)的开口(351)朝向电机外壳(34)的尾部，控制盒(35)的宽度H比电机外壳(34)的直径D要宽，控制线路板(36)的边缘布置有上轴向长度较长的电子元气件(37)，轴向长度较长的电子元气件(37)的底部伸出控制盒(35)并位于电机外壳(34)的一侧。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种恒风量引风机,其特征在于：所述的轴向长度较长的电子元气件(37)是电容器件。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种恒风量引风机,其特征在于：所述的控制盒(35)轴向伸出有挡板(352)，挡板(352)遮挡住轴向长度较长的电子元气件(37)的外侧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种恒风量引风机,其特征在于：所述的挡板(352)上还连接盖板(38)，盖板(38)包括左侧板(381)、右侧板(382)和底板(383)，左侧板(381)、右侧板(382)、底板(383)和挡板(352)围成罩体罩在轴向长度较长的电子元气件(37)的底部外面。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种恒风量引风机,其特征在于：所述的挡板(352)底部往外凸出设置上安装耳(3521)，盖板(38)上往外凸出下安装耳(384)，上安装耳(3521)与下安装耳(384)通过第一螺钉(40)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种恒风量引风机,其特征在于：所述的电机外壳(34)包括后端盖(341)，后端盖(341)两侧伸出有下凸耳(3411)，控制盒(35)的两侧伸出有上凸耳(353)，下凸耳(3411)和上凸耳(353)通过第二螺钉(39)连接。
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