WO2021144815A1

WO2021144815A1 - Improved magnetic filtration device for arsenic removal from drinking water and method thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2021144815A1
Application number: PCT/IN2021/050046
Authority: WO
Inventors: Abhijeet KUMAR; Arpit Kumar; Akshat Adarsh
Original assignee: Kumar Abhijeet; Arpit Kumar; Akshat Adarsh
Priority date: 2020-01-16
Filing date: 2021-01-18
Publication date: 2021-07-22

Abstract

The present invention discloses a very efficient, low-cost approach for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. An improved filtration device for arsenic removal from water consisting of three chambers. The second chamber (8) consists of a String structure (101), Suspended structure (102) further consisting of conical shapes C1, C2 and C3 and covered with material having magnetic property (103) consisting of NdfeB Magnets (6). Arsenic is removed from the water upto 95-99.9% and fluoride up to 80-90% by the magnetic filtration sequentially when water comes in the contact of C1, then C2 and finally C3.

Description

IMPROVED MAGNETIC FILTRATION DEVICE FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM DRINKING WATER

AND METHOD THEREOF

FIELD OF INVENTION

The invention generally relates to the field of water filtration devices and methods. More specifically, it relates to an improved filtration device for arsenic removal and method thereof.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Arsenic contamination in water is a matter of grave concern, owing to its toxic effect on human health. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic, mainly through drinking-water and food, can lead to chronic arsenic poisoning. Skin lesions and skin cancer are the most characteristic effects. Hence, its removal from water is very important.

Source of Arsenic- Arsenic is a natural component of the earth’s crust and is widely distributed throughout the environment in the air, water and land. It is highly toxic in its inorganic form. People are exposed to elevated levels of inorganic arsenic through drinking contaminated water, using contaminated water in food preparation and irrigation of food crops, industrial processes, eating contaminated food and smoking tobacco.

Arsenic uses in Industry- Arsenic is used industrially as an alloying agent, as well as in the processing of glass, pigments, textiles, paper, metal adhesives, wood preservatives and ammunition. Arsenic is also used in the hide tanning process and, to a limited extent, in pesticides, feed additives and pharmaceuticals. Hence, it is present in industrial effluents or in water discharged by such industries.

Tobacco as a source of Arsenic- People who smoke tobacco can also be exposed to the natural inorganic arsenic content of tobacco because tobacco plants can take up arsenic naturally present in the soil. Also, in the past, the potential for elevated arsenic exposure was much greater when tobacco plants used to be treated with lead arsenate insecticide.

Threat to public health from Arsenic- The greatest threat to public health from arsenic originates from contaminated groundwater. Inorganic arsenic is naturally present at high levels in the groundwater of a number of countries, including Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, Mexico, and the United States of America. Drinking-water, crops irrigated with contaminated water and food prepared with contaminated water are the sources of exposure.

Fish, shellfish, meat, poultry, dairy products and cereals can also be dietary sources of arsenic, although exposure from these foods is generally much lower compared to exposure through contaminated groundwater. In seafood, arsenic is mainly found in its less toxic organic form.

Arsenic in Bihar- Bhojpur, Bhagalpur, Jamui

Harmful effects of Arsenic on Human Health

Inorganic arsenic is a confirmed carcinogen and is the most significant chemical contaminant in drinking-water globally. Arsenic can also occur in an organic form. Inorganic arsenic compounds (such as those found in water) are highly toxic while organic arsenic compounds (such as those found in seafood) are less harmful to health.

Acute effects- The immediate symptoms of acute arsenic poisoning include vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. These are followed by numbness and tingling of the extremities, muscle cramping and death, in extreme cases. Long-term effects- The first symptoms of long-term exposure to high levels of inorganic arsenic (for example, through drinking-water and food) are usually observed in the skin, and include pigmentation changes, skin lesions and hard patches on the palms and soles of the feet (hyperkeratosis). These occur after a minimum exposure of approximately five years and may be a precursor to skin cancer. In addition to skin cancer, long-term exposure to arsenic may also cause cancers of the bladder and lungs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified arsenic and arsenic compounds as carcinogenic to humans, and has also stated that arsenic in drinking-water is carcinogenic to humans. Other adverse health effects that may be associated with long-term ingestion of inorganic arsenic include developmental effects, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease. Arsenic-induced myocardial infarction, in particular, can be a significant cause of excess mortality. In China (Province of Taiwan), arsenic exposure has been linked to “Blackfoot disease” which is a severe disease of blood vessels leading to gangrene. This disease has not been observed in other parts of the world however, and it is possible that malnutrition contributes to its development. Arsenic is also associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant mortality, with impacts on child health, and exposure in utero and in early childhood has been linked to increases in mortality in young adults due to multiple cancers, lung disease, heart attacks, and kidney failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated negative impacts of arsenic exposure on cognitive development, intelligence, and memory.

Safe Levels of Arsenic in groundwater as per WHO - Arsenic contamination of groundwater is widespread and there are a number of regions where arsenic contamination of drinking-water is significant. It is now recognized that at least 140 million people in 50 countries have been drinking water containing arsenic at levels above the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 ug/L. Arsenic in Bangladesh has attracted much attention since recognition in the 1990s of its wide occurrence in well-water in that country. Since this time, significant progress has since been made and the number of people exposed to arsenic exceeding the Bangladesh drinking- water quality standard has decreased by approximately 40%. Despite these efforts, it was estimated that in 2012 about 19 million and 39 million people in Bangladesh were still exposed to arsenic concentrations above the national standard of 50 ug/L and the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 ug/L respectively. In a highly affected area of Bangladesh, 21.4% of all deaths in the area were attributed to arsenic levels above 10 pg/L in drinking-water. A similar dose-response function has been found in other parts of Bangladesh, and these results have been combined with national survey data to estimate an annual death toll of nearly 43, 000. The US National Research Council has noted that as many as 1 in 100 additional cancer deaths could be expected from a lifetime exposure to drinking-water containing 50 pg/L. The symptoms and signs caused by long-term elevated exposure to inorganic arsenic differ between individuals, population groups and geographical areas. Thus, there is no universal definition of the disease caused by arsenic. This complicates the assessment of the burden on health of arsenic. Similarly, there is no method to distinguish cases of cancer caused by arsenic from cancers induced by other factors. As a result, there is no reliable estimate of the magnitude of the problem worldwide. In 2010, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) re-evaluated the effects of arsenic on human health, taking new data into account. JECFA concluded that for certain regions of the world where concentrations of inorganic arsenic in drinking-water exceed 50-100 tig/L, there is some evidence of adverse effects. In other areas, where arsenic concentrations in water are elevated (10-50 pg/L), JECFA concluded that while there is a possibility of adverse effects, these would be at a low incidence that would be difficult to detect in epidemiological studies.

Prevention and control of diseases caused by high levels of Arsenic in Water- There are a number of options to reduce levels of arsenic in drinking-water as discussed below: i. Substitution of groundwater with other forms of water- Substitute high-arsenic sources, such as groundwater, with low-arsenic, microbiologically safe sources such as rain water and treated surface water. Low-arsenic water can be used for drinking, cooking and irrigation purposes, whereas high-arsenic water can be used for other purposes such as bathing and washing clothes. ii. Differentiating between high and low sources of arsenic by color coding-

Discriminate between high-arsenic and low-arsenic sources. For example, test water for arsenic levels and paint tube wells or hand pumps different colors. This can be an effective and low-cost means to rapidly reduce exposure to arsenic when accompanied by effective education. iii. Reduction in levels of arsenic by blending- Blend low-arsenic water with higher- arsenic water to achieve an acceptable arsenic concentration level. iv. Installation of arsenic removal systems- Install arsenic removal systems - either centralized or domestic - and ensure the appropriate disposal of the removed arsenic. Technologies for arsenic removal include oxidation, coagulation-precipitation, absorption, ion exchange, and membrane techniques. There is an increasing number of effective and low-cost options for removing arsenic from small or household supplies, though there is still limited evidence about the extent to which such systems are used effectively over sustained periods of time. v. Education and community engagement to reduce arsenic exposure- Long-term actions are also required to reduce occupational exposure from industrial processes. Education and community engagement are key factors for ensuring successful interventions. There is a need for community members to understand the risks of high arsenic exposure and the sources of arsenic exposure, including the intake of arsenic by crops (e.g. rice) from irrigation water and the intake of arsenic into food from cooking water. High-risk populations should also be monitored for early signs of arsenic poisoning - usually skin problems. vi. Global concerns relating to Arsenic contamination in water and WHO response-

Arsenic is one of WHO’s 10 chemicals of major public health concern. WHO’s work to reduce arsenic exposure includes setting guideline values, reviewing evidence, and providing risk management recommendations. WHO publishes a guideline value for arsenic in its Guidelines for drinking-water quality. The Guidelines are intended for use as the basis for regulation and standard setting worldwide. The current recommended limit of arsenic in drinking-water is 10 iig/L. although this guideline value is designated as provisional because of practical difficulties in removing arsenic from drinking-water. Every effort should therefore be made to keep concentrations as low as reasonably possible and below the guideline value when resources are available. The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene monitors progress towards global targets on drinking water. Under the new 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the indicator of "safely managed drinking water services" calls for tracking the population accessing drinking water which is free of faecal contamination and priority chemical contaminants, including arsenic (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/arsenic).

Status of Arsenic Contamination in Drinking Water in India Arsenic contamination in groundwater in the Ganga- Brahmaputra fluvial plains in India and Padma-Meghna fluvial plains in Bangladesh and its consequences to the human health have been reported as one of the world’s biggest natural groundwater calamities to the mankind. In India, seven states namely- West Bengal, Jharkhand, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh in the flood plain of the Ganga River; Assam and Manipur in the flood plain of the Brahamaputra and Imphal rivers and Rajnandgaon village in Chhattisgarh state have so far been reported affected by Arsenic contamination in groundwater above the permissible limit of 10 qg/L. People in these affected states have chronically been exposed to drinking Arsenic contaminated hand tube-wells water. With every new survey, more Arsenic affected villages and people suffering from Arsenic related diseases are being reported, and the issues are getting complicated by a number of unknown factors ( Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in India: Vulnerability and Scope for Remedy N. C. Ghosh & Scientist F & R.D. Singh, Director National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand)

Status of Arsenic Contamination in State of Bihar The extent of groundwater arsenic (As) contamination and associated health-risks were studied in the four villages in Bihar, India.

Chaukia and Terahrasiya (Vaishali);

Mamalkha and Masharu (Bhagalpur)

Groundwater samples were tested using the standard Silver diethyledithiocarbamate method at 520nm by Thermo UV-1 spectrophotometer.

The As levels in both the districts exceeded the WHO standard of 10pg/L for drinking water with a maximum value of 20ug/L in Vaishali and 143ug/L in Bhagalpur. However, the FAO standard of lOOpg/L of As for irrigation water was only exceeded in Bhagalpur. The calculated range of the hazard index (HI) for Vaishali was 0.9 to 10, and for Bhagalpur was 10.40 to 40.47. Both ranges exceed the accepted normal toxic HI of 1.00. The cancer risk was derived as 1- 5/1000 people to 5-16/10,000 people in Vaishali, and 7-21/1000 and 5-16/1000 people in Bhagalpur. Prevalence of skin pigmentation was double in Vaishali in comparison to Bhagalpur. The analysis of principal components showed that only two components had a fundamental role in defining variance for cancer risk assessment ( Ref: Groundwater Arsenic Contamination and Associated Health Risks in Bihar, SK Singh et.al (2013)Int. J. Environ. Res., 8(1 ):49-60, Winter 2014 ISSN: 1735-6865).

Existing technologies/methods for removal of arsenic from drinking water and their limitations - Arsenic removal systems are of two types viz. centralized or domestic. Centralized systems are installed at source level of water storage tanks to ensure that the water supplied by the Municipal Corporation is safe and free from arsenic. Domestic systems includes small portable systems for use in home or installation on taps.

Technologies for arsenic removal - These include oxidation, coagulation-precipitation, absorption, ion exchange and membrane techniques.

Limitations- Dependence on consumables such as membranes, chemicals etc. which makes them expensive. Further, the trapped arsenic creates a disposal problem unless there is a system to dislodge arsenic and use it in a safe and effective manner. Most of the existing systems do not address this issue which creates a limitation. Introduction to the Present Invention

The present invention discloses a very efficient, low-cost approach for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The invention consists of a separation chamber which houses multiple conical structures in succession such that outer surface of each conical structure has got magnets attached to it in a very specific pattern (Fig. 1). When arsenic contaminated drinking water is passed through the separation chamber, the arsenic particles get repelled and sticks to the surface of the space between conical structures and surrounding area. The concentration of arsenic decreases by about 95-97% after water is passed through the device.

Advantages of present invention i. Online process- No holding of water required at all. Arsenic is removed as water flows through the pipe or filtration system. ii. Zero wastage of water- Unlike reverse osmosis, where the ratio of water recovered is 1/10^th of the amount processed i.e. about 10 times water is thrown out and wasted, in present case NOT A SINGLE DROP OF WATER IS WASTED and entire quantity is recovered. iii. No electricity required- The present system is a magnetic based system, not requiring any electricity for operation. iv. No chemicals required- The system does not require any chemicals or precipitating agents at all. v. No consumables required- There is no requirement of any special consumables such as precipitating agents or membranes etc. vi. Magnets used in the process are easily available and inexpensive- The process uses a number of specialized magnets i.e. NdFeB (Neodymium Iron Boron) which are fitted in a special conical structure to enhance magnetic field and ensure efficiency of arsenic removal from water passing through the magnetic chamber. vii. Long life of the device- The device is very rugged and long lasting since there are no chemicals or consumables required. Further, there are no mechanical or moving parts which will undergo wear and tear with passage of time. The critical components are the magnets which do not undergo any wear and tear.

Limitations of the invention and method to overcome the same

The magnets have limited life of about 3-4 years, after which the magnetic power (MGOe i.e. Magnetic Gauss Orientation) decreases and magnets need re-charging. Further, arsenic accumulation in the separation chamber takes place and needs to be removed. However, both aspects can be easily addressed and do not pose much of a problem. Magnets can be charged in an industrial facility to restore their original strength. Similarly, arsenic can be removed by washing using suitable solutions.

Prior Art

CN106335956A discloses separation of arsenic from water using field effect. The device is composed of an inner tube filled with magnetic ball and a magnetizing field distributor is placed above the casing of the inner tube. The arsenic from the water adsorbs on the Fe₃0₄ present in the magnetic balls, thus separating arsenic. In present invention, there is no adsorption of arsenic on any iron surface, since plastic is used in the entire body of the inventive device. Further, no magnetic balls are used at all. Though magnetism is used in both cases, the approach used in present invention results in technical advantages of reduced costs of manufacturing and easy regeneration.

JP2017193761A and JP5746407B1 disclose method of arsenic removal from muddy water by adsorption of arsenic on iron powder coated with ferric oxide to strengthen the adsorption process. Thereafter, arsenic adsorbed iron power is separated using magnet and arsenic is recovered by backwashing the iron power with acid solution and electrolysis. The process is not an online process, since adsorption is involved and holding of water must be carried out. Secondly, the process is overall cumbersome and not cost-effective at all because replacement of the nano particles or magnetic balls is needed on regular basis.

A search of the Indian Patent Database did not reveal any similar patent.

OBJECT OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to disclose a simple and inexpensive device for the removal of arsenic from drinking water.

Another object of the present invention is to disclose a device for the removal of arsenic from drinking water which is online.

Yet another object of the present invention is to disclose a device for the removal of arsenic from drinking water without using any chemicals, membranes etc. SUMMARY OF PRESENT INVENTION

The present invention discloses a very efficient, low-cost approach for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The invention consists of a separation chamber which houses multiple conical structures in succession such that outer surface of each conical structure has got magnets attached to it in a very specific pattern (Fig. 1). When arsenic contaminated drinking water is passed through the separation chamber, the arsenic particles get repelled and stick to the surface of the space between conical structures and surrounding area. The concentration of arsenic decreases by about 95-97% after water is passed through the device. The device offers the advantage of being online separation device, thus enabling arsenic removal during water flow through pipeline, without need for holding tank. No electricity is needed for its operation. Also, there is zero wastage of water and no consumables e.g. chemicals, membranes etc. are needed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DIAGRAMS

Fig. 1 Internal perspective view of the chambered separating device Fig. 2 View with magnetic flow

Fig. 3 View indicating cones of suspended structures (102)

Fig. 4 Exploded view of the separating device

Fig 5 2 pipe Connector/coupler that concentrates the raw water towards the suspended structures (102) for best physical contact with magnetic flux intense area

Fig 6 Bottom connector joint the magnetic chamber to the outlet with last chamber of the suspended structures (102)

Numbering Details:

101- String structure 102- Suspended structure

103- Material having magnetic property Cl- Cone 1

C2- Cone 2 C3- Cone 3

1- Inlet raw water

2- Upper and down Magnetic field

3- Last filtration chamber

4- Second trapping zone 5- First Trapping Zone

6- Magnets

7- 2 pipe Connector/coupler/Water regulator

8- Magnetic Cone Chamber

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention discloses a very efficient, low-cost approach for the removal of arsenic from drinking water. The invention consists of a separation chamber which houses multiple conical structures in succession such that outer surface of each conical structure has got magnets attached to it in a very specific pattern (Fig. 1). When arsenic contaminated drinking water is passed through the separation chamber, the arsenic particles get repelled and stick to the surface of the space between conical structures and surrounding area. The concentration of arsenic decreases by about 95-97% after water is passed through the device.

The invention is now explained in detail along with the description of method of making the same.

The device comprises three chambers of different filtration media. Raw water passes through the bunch of sediment (0.5 pm) fabric where sand large sized granular dirt gets sedimented. After that (sediment pre-filter), water passes through Chamber 1 which is Silver Impregnated activated carbon chamber, where the organic impurities odour, colour etc. are adsorbed.

After post filtration, water passes through circular 2 pipe Connector/coupler/ water flow reducer (7) that controls the area of flow and enters Chamber 2 (magnetic cone chamber (8)). This

2 pipe Connector/coupler/water flow reducer (7) concentrates the raw water towards the suspended structures (102) for best physical contact with magnetic flux intense area.

Now the water points on the top of the suspended structure (102) where string structure (101), plurality of suspended structures (102) and plurality of materials having magnetic property (103) are placed on the said suspended structures (102); the suspended structures (102) are attached to the said string structure (101).

Arsenic adheres onto the string structure (101) and suspended structures (102) when water flows over the separating device where the string structure (102) fixed in the threaded socket, allows the water to pass onto the third and last filtration chamber where activated alumina adsorb the fluoride and other remaining impurities after that final filtered water are again filtered from the bunch of sediment (0.5 pm) fabric where final touch up filtration given to the water. After complete filtration of Arsenic & other impurities, clear and clean water dispenses through the bottom attached dispenser outlet. Bottom connector (Fig 7) joins the dispenser outlet with last chamber of the suspended structures (102). Construction of string structure (101): It is made of either hollow or solid pipe, the diameter of which is 10 cm. The pipe is made of one or more combination of materials of plastic, steel or iron. These materials support adherence of arsenic.

Construction of suspended structure (102): The shape of the suspended structure (102) can be either cone, spherical, oval and made of one or more combination of materials of plastic, steel or iron. Plurality of suspended structures (102) have same or different shapes. The surface of suspended structure (102) is plain or grooved near the larger diameter end. The string structure (101) and the suspended structure (102) are attached either by passing the string structure (101) through the center of the suspended structure (102) vertically and fastened through bolting, screwing, using adhesive or a combination thereof or molding the suspended structure (102) and the string structure (101) together. Fig 3 indicates three cones Cl, C2 and C3 as suspended structure (102).

Construction of material having magnetic property (103): This material made up any one type of Neodymium, Samarium cobalt, Alnico, ferrite magnet, is placed on the flat surface of the suspended structure (102) using adhesives or is placed on the grooves of the suspended structure (102). The shape of said material may be shape of either one of bar or spherical. The materials having magnetic property (103) are made up of permanent magnets.

The number of suspended structures (102) depends on the magnetic strength of the materials having magnetic property (103) and quantity of water to be purified. Materials having magnetic property (103) are arranged in single row or multiple rows. The arrangement is such that the adjacent materials having magnetic property (103) are placed in a row, have opposite polarity. The arrangement can be also be such that adjacent rows may have same or opposite polarity.

The distance between two successive suspended structures are maintained in the range of 10 to 50.

Distance between Cl and C2 is equal to the height of Cl. Water needs to touch each surface of each cone and all the surface of cones are exposed to the water if we do not maintain proper distance ratio between cones then water is not able to reach the surface next cone. Same for another segment of cones are as distance between C2 and C3 equal to the height of C2. The points where distance is measured b/w cones is end-to-end distance.

The foremost suspended structure (102) is attached at a distance ranging from one-fourth to twice the height of suspended structure (102) from the end of the pipe facing the direction of flow of water. The material having magnetic property (103) is placed on the said suspended structures (102) at a distance of one-sixth of the distance of suspended structure (102) measured in the opposite direction of flow of water from the larger diameter.

The material having magnetic property (103) is placed on the said suspended structures (102) at a distance ranging from one- sixth to one- twentieth of the distance of suspended structure measured in the opposite direction of flow of water from the larger diameter. The flow rate of water is maintained between 100-1000 liters per hour.

The above device is capable to filter arsenic or fluoride or suspended iron or other diamagnetic material or a combination thereof from not only water but also from contaminated air or sewage fluid.

Cleaning of Device: Arsenic on the separating device is backwashed using citric acid, nitric acid, ascorbic acid, adithionic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid solution or by smooth scratch of the separating device. One can also use ultrasonic device which generates ultrasonic waves to ‘wash off the adhered matter. The backwash of the separating device or chambered separating device is performed in the frequency of 4 to 10 months interval period.

Normally, the separating device is placed inside the fluid flow tube.

Although removal of arsenic is depended on the strength of magnetic, flow rate and width of the flow yet the experimental data shows that the separating device has the capability to separate arsenic of 95-99.9% from water. Even fluoride gets separated up to 80-90% from water.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF WORKING PROTOTYPE The device as explained above comes in various models such as domestic model, semi commercial model and commercial model. Most of these have either 3 or 4 chambers and magnetic strength is increased as per the flow of the water to be purified. Following specifications suit most of the models.

Filter Media NdfeB- 50 grades ,( Coating - Cu-Ni Zn- Epoxy /HDPE covering ), Activated Carbon ( Silver impregenated 1000- 1100 iV ), Activated Alumina (S/A 200 m² /g) Sediment Paper 0.5 pm.

Chambers 3 or 4 Chambers (Removal Section)

LPH 180+5% LPH

Body Materials PVC - 3mm Thickness

Conical height 27 cm© Filtration capacity As- 95-99 % F-80-85 % Fe- 50-60% Storage 200 ml Type Domestic

Strength of the body 50 Mpi Attachment with - Tap , Bor-well , Hand pump Price 1000-1200

Material amount 90g AC,150g Activated alumina ,39 piece of Nd-50) Carbon type Silver Impregenated 1100 IV Magnet shape Disc Size of Filter 40 cm Visually Opaque

Removal of an Arsenic species and its compounds by applying the strong magnetic field due to repulsion or diamagnetism. In the present invention, diamagnetism is used for the removal of the Arsenic as well other magnetic behavior consisting impurities from Ground water.

Therefore, the Separation Structure developed by using Neodymium magnet (NdfeB - 50 grades) are the type of permanent magnets applied strongest magnetic field. According to classic Principal of Diamagnetism the Compound which contains diamagnetic behaviour is always repelled when the external magnetic field applied on it no matter what is the polarity of the magnets whether is north or south poles.

EXEMPLARY WORKING OF THE INVENTION WRT FIG 2: Raw water (Arsenic Contaminated Ground Water) passes through this inlet pipe line and gets purified at first stage from total suspended solids and pathogens due to activated Carbon/ Silver Impregnated Chamber.

In the mid part of the filter have a special structures contains three conical shapes Cl, C2 and C3 covered with the NdfeB Magnets with the HDPE covering to avoid the physical contact from water. Contaminated water came from the inlet pipe line comes in contact with 3C1 which contains higher Magnetic field [2 UMF] due to which the Arsenic gets repelled to the opposite direction.

Therefore the particles of Arsenic not prevent to go opposite direction or to any other direction therefore experimentally it proved that’s Arsenic move with the flow of water downwards and comes in contact with [3 C2] This area contains even higher magnetic field [DMF Cl].

Therefore due to this difference in magnetic fields [DMF Cl-UMF C2] the particles get Trapped.

The same happens with the [3C2 DMF] and [3C3 UMF] and in this second trapping zone [4] Arsenic and its compounds are completely removed from the water by the magnetic filtration. The order of separation is in decreasing order i.e the contaminants decrease when water comes in the contact of Cl, then C2 and finally C3.

It is observed that the Arsenic species and its compound do not get repelled or removed if Arsenic gets contacted with only a single magnet.

EFFICIENCY IN REMOVAL OF ARSENIC

The inventors developed prototypes and went to many villages and installed the said filtration devices.

Most of the samples collected from the Arsenic affected regions of Bihar, [Gaya, Jamui and Maner] from eight villages, 75+ samples were collected and case study of these block are stated below.

Sampling procedure based on [APHA 23^rd edition 2017]. Arsenic contaminated water was poured into inlet (1^st Chamber) and allowed to flow out from tap. It takes few seconds, then collected and analyzed. After filtration, analytical results are given below.

Analysis of Arsenic and other contaminants were conducted in Bihar Bal Bhawan Kilakri (based on IS- 10500; 2012 standards and analytical methods; reference also taken from APHA 23^rd edition 2017) & PHED [State Laboratory of Bihar].

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION AND REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS

ANALYTICAL DATA STATED BELOW: Efficiency of removal of Arsenic and other impurities from various working prototypes.

1. Table: Data estimation of Arsenic filtration from the magnetic filter (Device type- Semi domestic Version - 800-1000 LPH).

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of Removal

As (Cone.) As(Conc) Unit m /i mm/i %

IS-10050 [2012] 10 10 Acceptable Limit

Stnd.-l Stnd.s 1000 Nil 99.9+1

Stnd.-2 Stnd.s 500 Nil 99.9+1

Stnd.-3 Stnd.s 1600 Nil 99.9+1

Three standard solutions of 5 litres were filtered through the device. After filtration, the result obtained was 100% removal of Arsenic. Standard solution of Arsenic (V) [Na3As04] was prepared using Loba chemical (Na3As04.7H20) salt. Arsenic estimation was done through UV visible spectrophotometer.

2. Table: Data estimation of Arsenic filtration from the magnetic filter (Device type- domestic Version - 180 LPH). In addition, technical details stated in the [Physical

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of

Removal

As (Cone.) As(Conc)

Unit m¾/1 m¾/1 %

IS-10050 [2012] 10 10

Acceptable Limit

Stnd.-l Stnd.s Ϊ000 82 91.8

Stnd.-2 Stnd.s 500 Nil 99.9+1 analysis segment]

Two standard solutions of 5 litres were filtered through the device. After filtration, the result obtained was 92% removal of Arsenic. Standard solution of Arsenic (V) [Na3As04] prepared using Loba chemical (Na3As04.7H20) salt. Arsenic estimation was done through UV visible spectrophoto meter.

3. Table: Data estimation of Arsenic filtration from the magnetic filter (Device type- Semi domestic Version - 800-1000 LPH).

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of Removal

As (Cone.) As(Conc)

WS-36-19 Well Vill- Chinveriya, Lakshmipur block 1000 Nil 99.9+1

Jamui , Bihar

WS-37-19 Well Bhupnagar, Amas Block, Gaya, Bihar 500 Nil 99.9+1

WS-38-19 Bor- well ( water Bhupnagar, Amas Block, Gaya, Bihar 500 Nil 99.9+1 plant)

WS-35-19 Well Dighra, Lakshmipur Block, Jamui 500 Nil 99.9+1

Bihar Four Arsenic contaminated samples of 1 litre were filtered through the device [sample were collected from different blocks of Bihar (Arsenic affected region) according to sampling procedure and preservation under (APHA 23^rd edition: 2012, sample preservation and sampling procedure)] after filtration the result obtained was 100% Arsenic removal.

Estimation was done through UV visible spectrophoto meter (initially & finally) for other reference and measured from Gutzite apparatus method.

4. Table: Data estimation of Arsenic filtration from the conical magnetic field chamber

(Device type- domestic Version - 180 LPH).

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of Removal

As (Cone.) As(Conc)

Stnd.-2 Stnd.s 500 Nil 99.9+1

Stnd.-3 Stnd.s 700 20 97.5+1

In addition, technical details stated in the [Physical analysis segment] and magnetic specification of different grades (NdFeB 35-42-52). Three standard solutions of amount 500 ml were filtered through the device.

Only two conical structures were working, which leads to removal of 80% Arsenic, it was also due to different grades of magnet and magnetic flux.

(Cl-Nd-35-C2-Nd-42-C3-Nd-52) separation variation stated as in magnetic filter, separation is totally dependent on the stable magnetic flux and grades of magnet. Standard solution of Arsenic (V) [Na3As04] was prepared using the Loba chemical (Na3As04.7H20) salt. Arsenic estimation was done through UV visible spectrophoto meter.

5. Table: Data estimation of Arsenic filtration from the conical magnetic field chamber

(Device type- Semi domestic Version - 800-1000 LPH). Magnetic specification of Nd -50 (Gauss 4500 mGOe) each.

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of

Removal

As (Cone.) As(Conc)

IS-10050m 10 10

[2012]

Four Acceptable Limit

Stnd.-l Standard - 1000 Nil 99.9+1 s solution

5

Stnd.-2 Standard - 500 Nil 99.9+1 solution

Stnd.-3 Standard - 1600 BDL +1% 99.2+1 solution

Stnd.-4 Standard - 700 Nil 99.9+1 solution

Standard solutions of 1500 ml were filtered through the device. After filtration the result obtained was 99.9% removal of Arsenic, when all {3} the conical structures were working, and there was less magnetic flux variation, magnets of same grades and size [15x6mm] { i.e. Nd- 50 magnets} were used in the magnetic cone. {Cl-Nd-50(15.6mm)-C2- Nd-50(15.6mm)- C3- Nd-50(15.6mm)}, Arsenic species and its compound separation method were stated in the

[Arsenic Separation and magnetic field analysis segment], standard solution of Arsenic (V) [Na3As04] was prepared using the Loba chemical (Na3As04.7H20) salt. Arsenic estimation was done through UV visible spectrophotometer. The sampling methods and standard solution preparation were based on APHA 23^rd Edition 20147: and IS-10050:2012 standards).

6. Table: Data estimation of iron removal from the conical magnetic field chamber (Device type-

Semi domestic Version - 800-1000 LPH . Magnetic specification of Nd -50(Gauss 4500 mGOe) each.

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters Initial Final (after Filtration) % of Removal

FeS0₄ (Cone.) FeS0₄ (Cone)

Unit mm/I mm/I %

IS-10050 [2012] 300 300

Acceptable Limit

Stnd.-l Standard solution 300 100 77.3 +1 Stnd.-2 Standard solution 1000 300 + 3% 70

Two standard solutions of 2 litres were filtered through the device. After filtration, the result obtained was 70% removal of Arsenic. Iron consists of ferromagnetic property, though it is removed by the magnetic filtration process (the order of filtration regulates in increasing order, the contaminants are decreased in regular interval, when it comes in the contact of [Cl], [C2] and [C3]. [FeSOr] was prepared using the Merck chemical (Feso4) Salt. Iron estimated by the Color comparator method; reference [IS-10500;2012]

7. Table: Data estimation of Primary parameters filtered from (Device type- Semi domestic Version - 800-1000 LPH).

3 chambers consists of consist - Silver impregnated activated carbon{ 1100 IV} , Activated alumina balls {5mm} and 0.5pm { 1mm thick} sediment paper layer.

Sample Source Location

Code

Parameters pH Ec TDS Turb. TH Ca Mg Pathogens

(Cac0₃₎ ms/cm² mg/1 NTU mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 Presence or

Unit Absence

IS-10050 [2012J 6.5-8.5 0.781 500 5 200 200 100

Acceptable Limit

Initial (before filtration)

Ws-1 Borwell Saidpur Patna 7.0 0.475 237.5 1 725 300 103.2 *Presence

75

Ws-1 Hand Saidpur Patna 7.0 0.863 431.5 1 400 200 48.6 ^Presence pump

After filtration from (Semi-Domestic 800-1000PLH filter)

Ws-1 Borwell Saidpur Patna 7.63 0.483 241.5 1 307.2 155.9 36.76 * Absence

Ws-1 Hand Saidpur Patna 7.36 0.759 379.5 1 365 159 50.05 * Absence pump 8 After filtration, most of the primary parameters were balanced. Silver Activated carbon (AC) has been proved to be an effective adsorbent for the removal of a wide variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous and gaseous media (Cook et al., 2001 and Crittenden et al., 1993). Activated alumina also adsorbs most of the primary parameters, all the parametern were under permissible limit , samples were collected from locality of Saidpur, Patna, Bihar, All the parameters were estimated by EDTA Titration method and Digital {BIO gene} meters [standard based in (IS-10500 ;2012)].

Novelty, Inventive Step and Industrial Application NOVELTY The magnetic arsenic removal filter as described herein is not disclosed in prior art and is novel.

INVENTIVE STEP

The technical advancement of knowledge lies in disclosing a simple, inexpensive water filter using magnets, which removes arsenic with high efficiency and high flow rate. The strength of magnets is so adjusted that difference in magnetism in two zones removes Arsenic sequentially when water passes through one cone to other. Further, it does not use any chemicals, membranes or other consumables.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention can be easily manufactured on industrial scale and adopted for treatment of arsenic contaminated water, in a safe, fast and inexpensive manner.

Claims

WE CLAIM:

1. An improved filtration device for arsenic removal from water consisting of three chambers WHEREIN second chamber (8) consists of a String structure (101), Suspended structure (102) further consisting of conical shapes Cl, C2 and C3 and covered with material having magnetic property (103) consisting of NdfeB Magnets (6); and

WHEREIN the Arsenic is removed from the water up to 95-99.9% and fluoride up to 80- 90% by the magnetic filtration sequentially when water comes in the contact of Cl, then C2 and finally C3.

2. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the string structure (101) and the suspended structure (102) are attached by passing the string structure (101) through the center of the suspended structure (102) vertically and fastened through bolting, screwing, using adhesive or a combination or are molded together.

3. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the surface of suspended structure (102) is plain or grooved near the larger diameter end. 4. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN material having magnetic property (103) is arranged in single row.

5. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN material having magnetic property (103) is arranged in multiple rows.

6. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN: - Raw water inlet pipe line (1) is connected to topmost part of Suspended structure

(102) through 2 pipe Connector/coupler (7) which concentrates the raw water towards the suspended structures (102); and

Bottom connector (Fig 6) joins the the outlet with last chamber of the suspended structures (102). 7. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the foremost suspended structure (102) is attached at a distance ranging from one-fourth to twice the height of suspended structure (102) from the end of the pipe facing the direction of flow of water.

8. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the material having magnetic property (103) is placed on the said suspended structures (102) at a distance of one-sixth of the distance of suspended structure (102) measured in the opposite direction of flow of water from the larger diameter.

9. The improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the material having magnetic property (103) is placed on the said suspended structures (102) at a distance ranging from one- sixth to one- twentieth of the distance of suspended structure measured in the opposite direction of flow of water from the larger diameter.

10. The method of use of the improved filtration device as claimed in claim 1 WHEREIN the same consists of following steps:

Raw water (Arsenic Contaminated Ground Water) passes through inlet pipe line (1) and gets purified at first stage from total suspended solids and pathogens due to activated Carbon/ Silver Impregnated Chamber;

Contaminated water came from the inlet pipe line comes in contact with 3C1 which contains higher Magnetic field [2 UMF] due to which the Arsenic gets repelled to the opposite direction; - Arsenic moves with the flow of water downwards and comes in contact with [3

C2] which contains even higher magnetic field [DMF Cl];

Due to this difference in magnetic fields [DMF Cl-UMF C2] the Arsenic particles get trapped;

Again due to difference in magnetic fields [3C2 DMF- 3C3 UMF] in second trapping zone [4] , Arsenic and its compounds are completely removed from the water by the magnetic filtration.