WO2021143783A1 - 一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2021143783A1
WO2021143783A1 PCT/CN2021/071839 CN2021071839W WO2021143783A1 WO 2021143783 A1 WO2021143783 A1 WO 2021143783A1 CN 2021071839 W CN2021071839 W CN 2021071839W WO 2021143783 A1 WO2021143783 A1 WO 2021143783A1
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feeding
fish
digital signal
signal processor
water
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PCT/CN2021/071839
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶章颖
魏丹
赵建
韩志英
朋泽群
朱松明
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浙江大学
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Priority to US17/329,174 priority Critical patent/US20210279860A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80Feeding devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/06Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • G06T7/0008Industrial image inspection checking presence/absence
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10016Video; Image sequence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30168Image quality inspection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30232Surveillance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of industrial circulating water aquaculture feeding machinery, in particular to a swimming fish self-adaptive feeding device and method integrating optical and acoustic technology.
  • the device can feed in real time according to the swimming fish Need to automatically adjust the feeding time and feeding amount.
  • Computer vision technology is a technology that can determine the feeding needs of fish in real time, and is convenient to cooperate with feeding machines for feeding operations.
  • their body size is small, and when the number of fish in feeding is small
  • the visual information produced by the fish during the feeding process is not very large, and the feeding judgment made by the machine vision method becomes inaccurate. This defect is caused by poor lighting conditions and water bodies.
  • Acoustic technology can collect audio information generated by fish during the feeding process. The collection process is not affected by light and water turbidity.
  • the present invention proposes a swimming fish adaptive feeding device based on photo-acoustic coupling technology, which combines machine vision technology with acoustic technology, and automatically switches control according to fish growth and feeding needs In order to achieve precise feeding operations, provide fish with food and nutrients suitable for growth, and create good growth environmental conditions.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a precise adaptive feeding method and device for swimming fish based on photo-acoustic coupling technology, which automatically adjusts the feeding amount and feeding time according to the actual feeding needs of the fish, which is a circulating aquaculture
  • the rationalized feeding operation provides good reference and technical support.
  • a swimming fish adaptive feeding device based on photo-acoustic coupling technology of the present invention includes a circulating water aquaculture pond, a circulating water treatment system, a high-definition waterproof camera, a feeding port of a feeding machine, a feeding machine, and LED supplements.
  • a circulating water treatment system is installed outside the circulating water aquaculture pond;
  • the high-definition waterproof camera is installed directly above the circulating aquaculture pond, and the high-definition waterproof camera is connected to the input of the digital signal processor;
  • the feeding machine is installed directly above the circulating water aquaculture pond, and there is an outlet of the feeding machine on both sides of the high-definition waterproof camera.
  • there are several LED supplementary lights under the feeding machine such as: Six LED supplementary lights and two discharge ports are evenly distributed on the lower circumference of the feeding machine).
  • the feeding machine is connected to the output end of the PLC;
  • the hydrophone is fixed inside the circulating aquaculture pond and connected to the input end of the digital signal processor;
  • the output terminal of the digital signal processor is connected to the input terminal of the PLC and the display at the same time;
  • the above-mentioned device is used for adaptive feeding of swimming fish, and the feeding method includes the following steps:
  • the high-definition waterproof camera transmits the captured real-time video images to the digital signal processor in real time;
  • the front scenic spot and background point are divided by x, and the gray level is greater than x.
  • is the turbidity coefficient of the aquaculture water body, this parameter is determined by the turbidity degree of the aquaculture water body, the value of ⁇ ranges from 0 to 1, the higher the turbidity degree of the aquaculture water body, the smaller the value of ⁇ ;
  • the camera After feeding starts, the camera still normally transmits real-time video information to the digital signal processor.
  • the digital signal processor extracts the picture information of each frame in the real-time video, and divides each frame into the feeding center area T1 and the feeding edge area T2
  • the farming pond areas except the feeding center area are all feeding edge areas;
  • N 1 is the total number of pixels in the T1 area
  • N 2 is the total number of pixels in the T2 area
  • the calculated optical flow change value is displayed on the display screen in real time with the dynamic change of the time
  • the digital signal processor automatically switches the machine vision control feeding to the acoustic system for feeding control; the hydrophone collects the audio information (1500-3000Hz) generated during the fish feeding process and transmits it to the digital signal processing in real time
  • ZT is the audio sound pressure level effective value threshold to determine the feeding
  • ZT (60*log 10 T)dB re 1uPa, Where T is the real-time water temperature; the feeding amount is:
  • the digital signal controller sends a stop feeding instruction to the PLC, and the PLC controls the feeding machine to stop working, and automatically switches the feeding control system to the machine vision for control, and waits for the next feeding work. Start.
  • the device of the present invention adopts a feeding machine, PLC, high-definition waterproof camera, hydrophone, digital signal processor and display to form a complete adaptive feeding device, which can automatically switch the feeding control mode according to the actual feeding situation of the fish. This achieves the purpose of intelligent and precise feeding;
  • the PLC is used to control the LED lights evenly distributed around the high-definition waterproof camera, which not only provides suitable lighting conditions for the adaptive feeding system, but also automatically adjusts the brightness to provide a suitable growth light environment for fish.
  • the swimming fish adaptive feeding device based on light-acoustic coupling of the present invention has simple structure and simple control method. It can not only use machine vision technology to determine the actual appetite of fish for feeding, but also weaken the appetite of fish To a certain extent, it can automatically switch to the feeding method controlled by acoustic technology, which can accurately control the feeding time and feeding amount according to the fish’s appetite. It is especially suitable for the breeding and feeding process of fish juveniles to ensure the growth of fish. In the case of required nutritional conditions, pay more attention to the welfare of fish, which can provide good environmental conditions for fish growth.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-acoustic coupling swimming fish adaptive feeding device applied to circulating water.
  • FIG. 1 it is a specific example of a swimming fish adaptive feeding device based on photo-acoustic coupling technology of the present invention, including a circulating water aquaculture pond 1, a circulating water treatment system 2, a high-definition waterproof camera 3, and feeding Machine outlet 4, feeding machine 5, LED fill light 6, PLC 7, digital signal processor 8, display 9, hydrophone 10;
  • the circulating water treatment system 2 is installed on the outer left side of the circulating water aquaculture pond 1.
  • the circulating water treatment system 2 sends the aquaculture wastewater to the circulating water aquaculture pond 1 after a series of operations such as filtration, sterilization, and aeration. Resource utilization;
  • the high-definition waterproof camera 3 is installed directly above the middle of the circulating water aquaculture pond 1 and fixed under the feeding machine 5, and the high-definition waterproof camera 3 is connected to the input end of the digital signal processor 8; the installation position of the camera can ensure that the camera can be The entire feeding area is photographed, and the camera is directly fixed under the feeding machine, which is convenient for loading and unloading, and no additional mounting frame is required;
  • the feeding machine 5 is installed directly above the circulating water aquaculture pond 1, and there is a feeding outlet 4 of the feeding machine on both sides of the high-definition waterproof camera 3, and there are two arranged on the lower circumference of the feeding machine 5 In addition to the outlet 4, there are six LED supplementary lights 6 and two outlets 4 evenly distributed on the lower circumference of the feeding machine 5.
  • the feeding machine 5 is connected to the output end of the PLC 7; two A feeding machine outlet can ensure that the feed can evenly cover the entire feeding area, and appropriately expand the feeding area. The installation position of the LED fill light will not affect the work of the camera and the feeding machine;
  • the uniformly distributed LED supplementary light 6 can change the brightness according to the change of the actual breeding environment light, which not only provides suitable lighting conditions for the adaptive feeding system, but also provides a suitable growth light environment for fish.
  • the hydrophone 10 is fixed at the lower right inside the circulating aquaculture pond 1 and is connected to the input end of the digital signal processor 8.
  • the hydrophone can collect the sound information emitted by the fish during feeding and send it to the digital signal processor;
  • the output end of the digital signal processor 8 is connected to the input end of the PLC 7 and the display 9 at the same time; the digital signal processor receives the image information input by the camera and the sound information input by the hydrophone and performs corresponding processing, first through image processing technology Analyze the fish’s real-time feeding desire, and decide whether the feeding machine will perform feeding operations.
  • the digital signal processor determines that the feeding desire is strong, and the feeding process is controlled by machine vision technology, including feeding time and feeding amount, otherwise it will be automatic Switch to acoustic technology control; on the one hand, the digital signal processor transmits the processing results to the PLC to control the feeding machine, and on the other hand, it can display the processing results on the display screen, which is more intuitive.
  • the above-mentioned device is used for adaptive feeding of swimming fish, and the feeding method includes the following steps:
  • the high-definition waterproof camera 3 transmits the captured real-time video images to the digital signal processor 8 in real time;
  • the camera After feeding starts, the camera still normally transmits real-time video information to the digital signal processor.
  • the digital signal processor extracts the picture information of each frame in the real-time video, and divides each frame into the feeding center area T1 and the feeding edge area T2
  • N 1 is the total number of pixels in the T1 area
  • N 2 is the total number of pixels in the T2 area
  • the calculated optical flow change value is displayed on the display screen in real time with the dynamic change of the time
  • the digital signal processor automatically switches the machine vision control feeding to the acoustic system for feeding control; the hydrophone collects the audio information (1500-3000Hz) generated during the fish feeding process and transmits it to the digital signal processing in real time
  • ZT is the audio sound pressure level effective value threshold to determine the feeding
  • ZT (60*log 10 T)dB re 1uPa, Where T is the real-time water temperature; the feeding amount is:
  • the digital signal controller sends a stop feeding instruction to the PLC, and the PLC controls the feeding machine to stop working, and automatically switches the feeding control system to the machine vision for control, and waits for the next feeding work. Start.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置和方法,装置包括循环水养殖池、循环水处理系统、投饲机、高清防水摄像头、水听器、数字信号处理器等;该装置主要利用机器视觉技术与声学技术结合对投喂过程中鱼的实时摄食欲望进行自适应精准分析和评估,以此制定投饲策略。本发明的装置结构简单,方法精准简便,本发明的自适应投喂装置和方法适合于循环水养殖模式,能有效的解决现有循环水养殖系统中的饲料投喂未结合鱼类实际摄食需求,造成的饲料投喂不合理、饲料利用率和转化率低、影响鱼的生长福利等问题。

Description

一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及工厂化循环水水产养殖投喂机械技术领域,具体来说涉及一种融合光学和声学技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置及方法,该装置可以根据游泳型鱼类的实时摄食需求自动调整饲料投喂时间和投喂量。
背景技术
工厂化循环水养殖作为一种高密度的水产养殖形式,对于水质的调节和控制要求非常严格,而饲料投喂作为循环水养殖每日不可缺少的工作环节,对水质参数的影响很大。目前,工厂化循环水养殖饲料投喂主要依靠人工和机器定时定量投喂这两种方式,并不能根据鱼的实际饥饿程度自动调整投饲量和投喂时间,造成投饲量与鱼的实际摄食需求不匹配。当投喂量小于鱼的实际摄食需求时,会出现严重的抢食现象,使鱼之间发生相互碰撞甚至造成鱼体表面损伤,另外,当某些抢食性差的鱼长期达不到饱食,其生长速度会远低于鱼群中的其他鱼,造成严重的两极分化,而表面有损伤的鱼和弱小的鱼更容易感染某些鱼类疾病,使养殖水环境承受较大的压力,对鱼的生长产生不利的影响;当投喂量大于鱼的实际摄食需求时,不仅会增加养殖成本,多余的饲料还会严重污染养殖环境、影响鱼的最佳生长状态并制约鱼的生长福利。因此,饲料的投喂量要尽可能的与鱼的实际摄食需求一致,而循环水系统养殖幼鱼时养殖密度更高,且幼鱼个体小体质弱, 对生长环境更加敏感,在幼鱼的养殖生产过程中,投饲量既要满足幼鱼生长的需要,更要为其创造良好的生长条件。
计算机视觉技术是一种能够实时判断鱼类摄食需求,且便于与投饲机相配合进行投饲作业的技术,但对于幼鱼来说,其体型较小,当处于摄食中的鱼数量较少及鱼群摄食活跃程度变弱时,鱼在摄食过程中产生的视觉信息变化并不是很大,利用机器视觉方法进行的投喂判断变的不是很准确,这一缺陷在光照条件不佳和水体浑浊度较高时,更为明显。声学技术可以采集鱼类在摄食过程中产生的音频信息,该采集过程不受光照和水体浑浊度影响,随着摄食鱼数量的减少以及摄食欲望的降低,音频不同频率声压级会呈一定规律变化,据此可以较好的判断出鱼的摄食强度变化。基于以上问题和技术,本发明提出的是一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置,将机器视觉技术与声学技术相结合,根据鱼类生长和摄食需求自动切换控制方式以达到精准投喂作业,为鱼类提供适合生长所需的食物与营养,并创造良好的生长环境条件。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种精准的基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂方法及装置,根据鱼的实际摄食需求,自动调整投喂量和投喂时长,为循环水养殖的合理化投饲作业提供良好的参考和技术支撑。
本发明的一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置,包括循环水养殖池、循环水处理系统、高清防水摄像头、投饲机出 料口、投饲机、LED补光灯、PLC、数字信号处理器、显示器、水听器;
循环水养殖池的外部安装有循环水处理系统;
高清防水摄像头安装在循环水养殖池的正上方,而且高清防水摄像头与数字信号处理器的输入端相连;
投饲机安装在循环水养殖池的正上方,且在高清防水摄像头的两侧各有一个投饲机的出料口,此外,投饲机的下方还设有若干LED补光灯(如:六个LED补光灯与两个出料口一同均布在投饲机的下方圆周上),另外,投饲机与PLC的输出端相连;
水听器固定在循环水养殖池的内部,与数字信号处理器的输入端相连;
数字信号处理器的输出端同时与PLC的输入端以及显示器相连;
应用上述装置进行游泳型鱼类的自适应投喂,投喂方法包括如下步骤:
1)高清防水摄像头将拍摄的实时视频画面实时传送至数字信号处理器;
2)数字信号处理器对接收到的视频画面做预处理,提取每一帧的画面信息,并对图像进行阈值分割;采用“ostu阈值分割”方法,令g(x)=w 0 αβ*(u 0-u) 2+w 1 αβ*(u 1-u) 2,当g(x)取最大值时x即为分割阈值,前景点和背景点通过x划分,灰度级大于x的称为背景点,灰度级低于x称为前景点,其中w 0为前景点所占图像比例,u 0为前景点灰度级均值;w 1为背景点所占图像的比例,u 1为背景点灰度级 均值,u=w 0*u 0+w 1*u 1;α为当前帧画面的光照系数,该参数由养殖环境的光照强度决定,α的取值范围为0~1,光线越强,α取值越大;β为养殖水体浑浊度系数,该参数由养殖水体浑浊度程度决定,β的取值范围为0~1,养殖水体浑浊程度越高,β取值越小;
3)根据上述所求阈值及分割结果,将视频帧中表示鱼体信息即前景的像素点个数S1计算出来,若S1>0.5S,其中S为帧画面内所有像素点的个数,则数字信号处理器向PLC输入处理结果,PLC控制投饲机进行工作,投喂10s;
4)投喂开始后,摄像头仍正常向数字信号处理器传送实时视频信息,数字信号处理器提取实时视频中每帧的画面信息,并将每帧画面分割为摄食中心区域T1和摄食边缘区域T2两部分,其中摄食中心区域T1以循环水池的中心为圆心,半径为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000001
其中r 0为循环水池的半径,n为循环水养殖池内养殖鱼的条数,l i为循环水养殖池内第i条鱼的体长,l max为循环水养殖池中鱼的最大体长;除摄食中心区域以外的养殖池区域均为摄食边缘区域;
5)用稠密光流算法分别计算出两个区域相邻视频帧之间的光流变化值F1 t和F2 t,将T1区域内坐标为(i,j)的移动向量设为(x ij,y ij),将T2区域内坐标为(i′,j′)的移动向量设为(x ij′,y ij′)则其两个区域的光流变化值分别为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000003
其中,N 1为T1区域内的像素点总数,N 2为T2区域内的像素点总数;并将计算出的光流变化值随时间的动态变化实时呈现在显示屏上;
6)根据计算出的时间段t内的两个区域光流变化均值F1和F2分别与摄食中心区域阈值FT1和摄食边缘区域阈值FT2进行比较;
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000004
FT1=1.4μF1′,FT2=1.2μF2′,其中,F1′和F2′分别为非投喂状态时区域T1和区域T2的光流变化均值,μ为水质综合修正系数,
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000005
其中,T为养殖水体标准温度,ΔT为水体温度与标准温度T的差值;P h为养殖水体标准PH,ΔP h为水体PH与水体标准PH的差值;D o为养殖水体的标准溶氧量,ΔD o为水体溶氧量与水体标准溶氧量的差值;若F1>FT1且F2<FT2,则进行下一次投喂,投喂时长与前一次相同,投喂量为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000006
其中m 0为满足鱼正常生长和营养需求的最低饲料投喂量;
7)若
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000008
时,则数字信号处理器自动将机器视觉控制投喂切换至声学系统进行投喂控制;水听器采集鱼摄食过程中产生的音频信息(1500-3000Hz),并将其实时传送至数字信号处理器,当采集到的音频声压级有效值Z>ZT时,系统进行投喂,其中ZT为确定投喂的音频声压级有效值阈值,ZT=(60*log 10T)dB re 1uPa,其中T为实时水温;投喂量为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000009
8)若Z<ZT,则数字信号控制器向PLC发出停止投喂指令,由PLC控制投饲机停止工作,并自动将投饵控制系统切换至机器视觉进行控制,等待下一次投喂工作的开始。
本发明的装置采用投饲机、PLC、高清防水摄像头、水听器、数 字信号处理器以及显示器等构成完整的自适应投喂装置,可以根据鱼的实际摄食情况自动切换投喂控制方式,以此达到智能精准投喂的目的;
根据实际养殖环境光线的变化用PLC控制均布在高清防水摄像头周围的LED灯,不仅为自适应投喂系统提供合适的光照条件,还可以自动调节亮度为鱼类提供合适的生长光环境。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明的基于光-声耦合的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置,结构简单,控制方式简便,不但可以利用机器视觉技术判定鱼的实际摄食食欲进行投喂,随着鱼的摄食食欲变弱到一定程度可自动切换至声学技术控制的投喂方式,可以精准的根据鱼的摄食食欲控制投喂时间和投喂量,尤其适用于鱼类幼鱼的养殖投喂过程,在保证鱼类生长所需营养条件的情况下,更加注重鱼的福利问题,可以给鱼类生长提供良好的环境条件。
附图说明
图1是应用于循环水的光-声耦合游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置结构示意图。
图中:1-循环水养殖池;2-循环水处理系统;3-高清防水摄像头;4-投饲机出料口;5-投饲机;6-LED补光灯;7-PLC;8-数字信号处理器;9-显示屏;10-水听器
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
参照图1,是本发明的基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置的一种具体实例,包括循环水养殖池1、循环水处理系统2、高清防水摄像头3、投饲机出料口4、投饲机5、LED补光灯6、PLC 7、数字信号处理器8、显示器9、水听器10;
循环水养殖池1的外部左侧安装有循环水处理系统2,循环水处理系统2将养殖废水经过过滤,杀菌、增氧等一系列操作后输送给循环水养殖池1,极大地提高了水资源的利用率;
高清防水摄像头3安装在循环水养殖池1的中间正上方,固定在投饲机5的正下方,且高清防水摄像头3与数字信号处理器8的输入端相连;摄像头的安装位置可以保证摄像头可以拍摄到整个投饲区域,摄像头直接固定在投饲机的下方,装卸方便,不需用额外的安装架;
投饲机5安装在循环水养殖池1的正上方,且在高清防水摄像头3的两侧各有一个投饲机的出料口4,投饲机5的下方圆周上除了排布有两个出料口4外,还有六个LED补光灯6与两个出料口4一同均布在投饲机5的下方圆周上,另外,投饲机5与PLC 7的输出端相连;两个投饲机出料口可以保证饲料能够均匀覆盖在整个投饵区域,并适当的扩大投饵区域,LED补光灯的安装位置不会影响摄像头和投饲机的工作;
均布的LED补光灯6可以根据实际养殖环境光线的变化改变亮度,不仅为自适应投喂系统提供合适的光照条件,还可以为鱼类提供合适的生长光环境。
水听器10固定在循环水养殖池1的内部右下方,与数字信号处 理器8的输入端相连;水听器可以采集鱼摄食过程中发出的声音信息,将其传送给数字信号处理器;
数字信号处理器8的输出端同时与PLC 7的输入端以及显示器9相连;数字信号处理器接收摄像头输入的图像信息和水听器输入的声音信息并做出相应的处理,首先通过图像处理技术分析出鱼的实时摄食欲望,决定投饲机是否进行投喂作业,数字信号处理器判定为摄食欲望强则由机器视觉技术控制投喂过程,其中包括投喂时长和投喂量,否则将自动切换至声学技术控制;数字信号处理器一方面将处理结果传送至PLC,用于控制投饲机工作,另一方面可以将处理结果呈现在显示屏上,更加直观。
应用上述的装置进行游泳型鱼类的自适应投喂,投喂方法包括如下步骤:
1)高清防水摄像头3将拍摄的实时视频画面实时传送至数字信号处理器8;
2)数字信号处理器8对接收到的视频画面做预处理,提取每一帧的画面信息,并对图像进行阈值分割,令g(x)=w 0 αβ*(u 0-u) 2+w 1 αβ*(u 1-u) 2,使得g(x)得最大值的x即为分割阈值,其中w 0为前景点所占图像比例,u 0为其均值;w 1为背景点所占图像的比例,u 1为其均值,u=w 0*u 0+w 0*u 1;α为当前帧画面的光照系数,该参数y由养殖环境的光照强度决定,α的取值范围为0~1,光线越强,α取值越大;β为养殖水体浑浊度系数,该参数由养殖水体浑浊度程度决定,β的取值范围为0~1,养殖水体浑浊程度越高,β取值越小;
3)将视频帧中表示鱼体信息的像素点个数S1计算出来,若S1>0.5S,其中S为帧画面内所有像素点的个数,则数字信号处理器向PLC输入处理结果,PLC控制投饲机工作,投喂10s,投喂开始60s后由数字信号处理器分析出的摄食活跃程度结果判断投饲机是否进行下一次投喂;过程如下:
4)投喂开始后,摄像头仍正常向数字信号处理器传送实时视频信息,数字信号处理器提取实时视频中每帧的画面信息,并将每帧画面分割为摄食中心区域T1和摄食边缘区域T2两部分,其中摄食中心区域T1以循环水池的中心为圆心,半径为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000010
其中r 0为循环水池的半径,n为为循环水养殖池内养殖鱼的条数,l i为循环水养殖池内第i条鱼的体长,l max为循环水养殖池中鱼的最大体长;除摄食中心区域以外的养殖池区域均为摄食边缘区域;
5)用稠密光流算法分别计算出两个区域相邻视频帧之间的光流变化值F1 t和F2 t,将T1区域内坐标为(i,j)的移动向量设为(x ij,y ij),将T2区域内坐标为(i′,j′)的移动向量设为(x ij′,y ij′)则其两个区域的光流变化值分别为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000012
其中,N 1为T1区域内的像素点总数,N 2为T2区域内的像素点总数;并将计算出的光流变化值随时间的动态变化实时呈现在显示屏上;
6)根据计算出的时间段t内的两个区域光流变化均值F1和F2分别与摄食中心区域阈值FT1和摄食边缘区域阈值FT2进行比较;
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000013
FT1=1.4μF1′,FT2=1.2μF2′,其中,F1′和F2′分别为非投喂状态时区域T1和区域T2的光流变化均值,μ为水质综合修正系数,与养殖水体的温度、PH值和含氧量等多种因素相关;若F1>FT1且F2<FT2,则进行下一次投喂,投喂过程与第一次相同,投喂量为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000014
其中m 0为满足鱼正常生长和营养需求时的饲料投喂质量;
7)若
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000016
时,则数字信号处理器自动将机器视觉控制投喂切换至声学系统进行投喂控制;水听器采集鱼摄食过程中产生的音频信息(1500-3000Hz),并将其实时传送至数字信号处理器,当采集到的音频声压级有效值Z>ZT时,系统进行投喂,其中ZT为确定投喂的音频声压级有效值阈值,ZT=(60*log 10T)dB re 1uPa,其中T为实时水温;投喂量为:
Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-000017
8)若Z<ZT,则数字信号控制器向PLC发出停止投喂指令,由PLC控制投饲机停止工作,并自动将投饵控制系统切换至机器视觉进行控制,等待下一次投喂工作的开始。
以上公开的仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明并非局限于此,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的前提下,做出的变形应视为属于本发明保护范围。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种基于光-声耦合技术的游泳型鱼类自适应投喂装置,其特征在于,包括循环水养殖池(1)、循环水处理系统(2)、高清防水摄像头(3)、投饲机出料口(4)、投饲机(5)、LED补光灯(6)、PLC(7)、数字信号处理器(8)、显示器(9)、水听器(10);
    循环水养殖池(1)的外部安装有循环水处理系统(2);
    高清防水摄像头(3)安装在循环水养殖池(1)的正上方,而且高清防水摄像头(3)与数字信号处理器(8)的输入端相连;
    投饲机(5)安装在循环水养殖池(1)的正上方,且在高清防水摄像头(3)的两侧各有一个投饲机的出料口(4),此外,投饲机(5)的下方还设有若干LED补光灯(6),投饲机(5)与PLC(7)的输出端相连;
    水听器(10)固定在循环水养殖池(1)的内部,与数字信号处理器(8)的输入端相连;
    数字信号处理器(8)的输出端同时与PLC(7)的输入端以及显示器(9)相连。
  2. [援引加入(细则20.6) 26.01.2021] 
    一种采用如权利要求1所述装置进行游泳型鱼类自适应投喂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    1)高清防水摄像头(3)将拍摄的实时视频画面实时传送至数字信号处理器(8);
    2)数字信号处理器(8)对接收到的视频画面做预处理,提取每一帧的画面信息,并对图像进行阈值分割;令g(x)=w 0 αβ* (u 0-u) 2+w 1 αβ*(u 1-u) 2,当g(x)取最大值时x即为分割阈值,其中w 0为前景点所占图像比例,u 0为前景点灰度级均值;w 1为背景点所占图像的比例,u 1为背景点灰度级均值,u=w 0*u 0+w 1*u 1;α为当前帧画面的光照系数,该参数由养殖环境的光照强度决定,α的取值范围为0~1,光线越强,α取值越大;β为养殖水体浑浊度系数,该参数由养殖水体浑浊度程度决定,β的取值范围为0~1,养殖水体浑浊程度越高,β取值越小;
    3)根据上述分割结果,将视频帧中表示鱼体信息即前景的像素点个数S1计算出来,若S1>0.5S,其中S为帧画面内所有像素点的个数,则数字信号处理器向PLC输入处理结果,PLC控制投饲机进行工作,投喂10s;
    4)投喂开始后,摄像头仍正常向数字信号处理器传送实时视频信息,数字信号处理器提取实时视频中每帧的画面信息,并将每帧画面分割为摄食中心区域T1和摄食边缘区域T2两部分,其中摄食中心区域T1以循环水池的中心为圆心,半径为:
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100001
    其中r 0为循环水池的半径,n为循环水养殖池内养殖鱼的条数,l i为循环水养殖池内第i条鱼的体长,l max为循环水养殖池中鱼的最大体长;除摄食中心区域以外的养殖池区域均为摄食边缘区域;
    5)用稠密光流算法分别计算出两个区域相邻视频帧之间的光流变化值F1 t和F2 t,将T1区域内坐标为(i,j)的移动向量设为(x ij,y ij),将T2区域内坐标为(i′,j′)的移动向量设为(x ij′,y ij′)则其两个区域的光流变化值分别为:
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100003

    其中,N 1为T1区域内的像素点总数,N 2为T2区域内的像素点总数;并将计算出的光流变化值随时间的动态变化实时呈现在显示屏上;
    6)根据计算出的时间段t内的两个区域光流变化均值F1和F2分别与摄食中心区域阈值FT1和摄食边缘区域阈值FT2进行比较;
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100004
    FT1=1.4μF1′,FT2=1.2μF2′,其中,F1′和F2′分别为非投喂状态时区域T1和区域T2的光流变化均值,μ为水质综合修正系数,
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100005
    其中,T为养殖水体标准温度,ΔT为水体温度与标准温度T的差值;P h为养殖水体标准PH,ΔP h为水体PH与水体标准PH的差值;D o为养殖水体的标准溶氧量,ΔD o为水体溶氧量与水体标准溶氧量的差值;若F1>FT1且F2<FT2,则进行下一次投喂,投喂时长与前一次相同,投喂量为:
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100006
    其中m 0为满足鱼正常生长和营养需求的最低饲料投喂量;
    7)若
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100007
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100008
    时,则数字信号处理器自动将机器视觉控制投喂切换至声学系统进行投喂控制;水听器采集鱼摄食过程中产生的1500-3000Hz的音频信息,并将其实时传送至数字信号处理器,当采集到的音频声压级有效值Z>ZT时,系统进行投喂,其中ZT为确定投喂的音频声压级有效值阈值,ZT=(60*log 10T)dB re 1 uPa,其中T为实时水温;投喂量为:
    Figure PCTCN2021071839-appb-100009

    8)若Z<ZT,则数字信号控制器向PLC发出停止投喂指令,由PLC控制制投饲机停止工作,并自动将投饵控制系统切换至机器视觉进行控制,等待下一次投喂工作的开始。
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