Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0613—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the reinforcing cords being characterised by the rope configuration
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/0646—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles comprising longitudinally preformed wires
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2007—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape
  • D07B2201/2008—Wires or filaments characterised by their longitudinal shape wavy or undulated
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2022—Strands coreless
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2052—Cores characterised by their structure
  • D07B2201/2059—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires
  • D07B2201/2061—Cores characterised by their structure comprising wires resulting in a twisted structure
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
  • D07B2207/40—Machine components
  • D07B2207/4072—Means for mechanically reducing serpentining or mechanically killing of rope
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2005—Elongation or elasticity
  • D07B2401/201—Elongation or elasticity regarding structural elongation
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
  • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
  • D07B7/025—Preforming the wires or strands prior to closing

Definitions

• the invention relates to cables, a reinforced product and a tire comprising these cables.
• a tire for civil engineering vehicle with radial carcass reinforcement is known from the state of the art comprising a tread, two inextensible beads, two sidewalls connecting the beads to the tread and a crown reinforcement, disposed circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the tread.
• This crown reinforcement comprises four plies reinforced by reinforcing elements such as metal cables, the cables of a ply being embedded in an elastomeric matrix of the ply.
• This crown frame comprises several working plies comprising several wire reinforcement elements.
• the aim of the invention is to reduce, or even eliminate, the number of breaks and the number of perforations in a cable.
• the invention relates to a two-layer multi-strand cable comprising:
• an internal layer of the cable made up of K> 1 internal strand (s) wound in a helix around a main axis (A), the or each internal strand having a layer of metal wires and comprising Q> 1 wires of metal wound in a helix around an axis (B); and
• an outer layer (CE) of the cable made up of L> 1 outer strands wound around the inner layer of the cable, each outer strand having a layer of metal wires and comprising Q '> 1 metal wires wound in a helix around a axis (B '), in which
• the cable has a tangent modulus E2 ranging from 35 to 80 GPa; and rAt
• the cable according to the invention makes it possible to reduce perforations and therefore to extend the life of the tire.
• the inventors behind the invention have discovered that a cable less rigid than that of the prior art performs better against obstacles.
• the inventors have found that it is more effective to match the obstacle with a cable having less rigidity rather than attempting to stiffen and strengthen the cables as much as possible to oppose the deformations imposed by the obstacles as is. generally taught in the state of the art.
• By hugging the obstacles we reduce the effort against the obstacles and therefore the risk of puncturing the tire.
• This stiffness reduction effect is illustrated in Figure 7 where under stress the cable according to the invention exhibits good deformability under low load thanks to the radial play of the wires.
• the cable according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the number of breaks.
• the inventors at the origin of the invention have discovered that the determining criterion for reducing cable breaks was not only the breaking force as is widely taught in the state of the art but the energy. at break represented in the present application by the area under the stress curve as a function of the elongation as shown in part in FIG. 4.
• the cables of the prior art have either a relatively breaking force. high but relatively low elongation at break, ie relatively high elongation at break but relatively low tensile strength.
• prior art cables break under a relatively low energy-to-break indicator.
• the cable according to the invention due to its relatively low modulus, makes it possible to push back the elongation at break due to a slope of the stress-elongation curve in the elastic range which is relatively low, which makes it possible to increase the energy breaking up.
• Any interval of values designated by the expression “between a and b” represents the domain of values going from more than a to less than b (that is to say limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values designated by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values going from the terminal "a" to the terminal "b", that is to say including the strict limits "a” and "b ".
• This indicator of energy at rupture represents a volume density of energy in MJ / m 3 .
• the energy indicator at rupture Er is thus the sum of (1/2 (o (Ai) + o (Ai + 1)) x (Ai + 1 - Ai) for i ranging from 0 to t.
• the sampling of the rectangles is defined in such a way that the widths defined by (Ai + 1 - Ai) are substantially equal to 0.025% or 4 rectangles for 0.1% elongation as represented in FIG. 4.
• the tangent modulus E2 is calculated as follows on the force-elongation curve obtained under the conditions of standard ASTM D 885 / D 885M - 10a of 2014: t E2 corresponds to the maximum tangent modulus of the cable on the force-elongation curve.
• the cable has two layers of strands, that is to say it comprises an assembly made up of two layers of strands, neither more nor less, that is to say that the assembly has two layers of strands, not one, not three, but only two.
• the outer layer of the cable is wound helically around the inner layer of the cable in contact with the inner layer of the cable.
• the direction of winding of each inner strand and of each outer strand is opposite to the direction of winding of the cable.
• the direction of winding of a layer of strands is understood to mean the direction formed by the strands relative to the axis of the cable.
• the direction of winding is commonly designated by the letter either Z or S.
• Each internal and external strand has a layer of wires, that is to say it comprises an assembly consisting of a layer of wires, neither more nor less, that is to say that the The assembly has one layer of wires, not zero, not two, but only one.
• each internal and external strand is a single helix.
• a single helix strand is a strand in which the axis of each metallic wire element of the layer describes a single helix, unlike a double helix strand in which the axis of each metallic wire element describes a first helix. around the axis of the strand and a second helix around a helix described by the axis of the strand.
• the strand when the strand extends in a substantially rectilinear direction, the strand comprises a single layer of metallic wire elements wound together in a helix, each metallic wire element of the layer describing a trajectory in the form of a helix around a main axis substantially parallel to the substantially rectilinear direction so that, in a section plane substantially perpendicular to the main axis, the distance between the center of each metallic wire element of the layer and the main axis is substantially constant and equal for all metallic wire elements of the layer.
• a double helix strand extends in a substantially rectilinear direction, the distance between the center of each metallic wire element of the layer and the substantially rectilinear direction is different for all the metallic wire elements of the layer.
• wire element is meant an element extending longitudinally along a main axis and having a section perpendicular to the main axis, the largest dimension G of which is relatively small compared to the dimension L along the main axis.
• relatively small is meant that L / G is greater than or equal to 100, preferably greater than or equal to 1000.
• This definition covers both wire elements of circular section and wire elements of non-circular section, for example of polygonal section. or oblong.
• each metallic wire element has a circular section.
• metallic means a wire element consisting mainly (that is to say for more than 50% of its mass) or entirely (for 100% of its mass) of a metallic material.
• Each metallic wire element is preferably made of steel, more preferably of pearlitic or ferrito-pearlitic carbon steel, commonly called by those skilled in the art carbon steel, or even stainless steel (by definition, steel comprising at least 10.5% chrome).
• the metal wires and the strands do not undergo preformation.
• the cable is obtained by a process devoid of individual preforming steps of each of the metallic wire elements and of each of the strands.
• the energy at break indicator Er of the cable is greater than or equal to 42 MJ / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 50 MJ / m 3 and more preferably greater than or equal to 60 MJ / m 3. .
• the energy at break indicator Er of the cable is less than or equal to 200 MJ / m 3.
• the tangent modulus E2 ranges from 40 to 78 GPa and preferably from 40 to 75 GPa.
• the cable according to the invention has a minimum rigidity to allow the absorption or transmission of force.
• the subject of the invention is also a two-layer multi-strand cable extracted from a polymer matrix, the extracted cable comprising:
• an internal layer of the cable made up of K> 1 internal strand (s) wound in a helix around a main axis (A), the or each internal strand having a layer of metal wires and comprising Q> 1 wires of metal wound in a helix around a main axis (B); and
• an outer layer of the cable made up of L> 1 outer strands wound around the inner layer of the cable, each outer strand having a layer of metal wires and comprising Q '> 1 metallic wires wound in a helix around an axis (B'), in which:
• the extracted cable has a tangent modulus E2 ’ranging from 20 to 80 GPa;
• the polymeric matrix is an elastomeric matrix.
• the polymeric matrix preferably elastomeric, is based on a polymeric composition, preferably elastomeric.
• polymeric matrix is meant a matrix comprising at least one polymer.
• the polymeric matrix is thus based on a polymeric composition.
• elastomeric matrix a matrix comprising at least one elastomer.
• the preferred elastomeric matrix is thus based on the elastomeric composition.
• the composition comprises the mixture and / or the reaction product in situ of the various constituents used, some of these constituents being able to react and / or being intended to react between them, at least partially, during the various phases of manufacture of the composition; the composition may thus be in the fully or partially crosslinked state or in the non-crosslinked state.
• polymeric composition that the composition comprises at least one polymer.
• a polymer can be a thermoplastic, for example a polyester or a polyamide, a thermosetting polymer, an elastomer, for example natural rubber, a thermoplastic elastomer or a mixture of these polymers
• elastomeric composition is meant that the composition comprises at least one elastomer and at least one other component.
• the composition comprising at least one elastomer and at least one other component comprises an elastomer, a crosslinking system and a filler.
• compositions which can be used for these webs are conventional compositions for calendering wire reinforcing elements and comprise a diene elastomer, for example natural rubber, a reinforcing filler, for example carbon black and / or silica, a system of crosslinking, for example a vulcanization system, preferably comprising sulfur, stearic acid and zinc oxide, and optionally a vulcanization accelerator and / or retarder and / or various additives.
• a metal coating for example a layer of brass.
• the values of the characteristics described in the present application for the extracted cable are measured on or determined from cables extracted from a polymer matrix, in particular elastomeric, for example of a tire.
• the strip of material is removed radially outside the cable to be extracted so as to see the cable to be extracted radially flush with the polymer matrix. This withdrawal can be done by shelling using pliers and knives or by planing.
• the end of the cable to be extracted is released by means of a knife.
• the cable is pulled so as to extract it from the matrix by applying a relatively small angle so as not to plasticize the cable to be extracted.
• the extracted cables are then cleaned carefully, for example by means of a knife, so as to detach the remains of the polymer matrix attached locally to the cable and taking care not to degrade the surface of the metal wires.
• the tangent modulus E2 ranges from 22 to 70 GPa, preferably from 22 to 50 GPa and more preferably from 22 to 40 GPa.
• the energy indicator at break Er 'of the cable is greater than or equal to 50 MJ / m 3 , preferably greater than or equal to 55 MJ / m 3 and more preferably greater than or equal to 60 MJ / m 3
• the cable extracted according to the invention has a total elongation At ’determined by the ASTM D2969-04 standard of 2014 such as At’> 5.0% and preferably At ’> 6.0%.
• the total elongation At a quantity well known to those skilled in the art, is determined, for example, by applying the standard ASTM D2969-04 of 2014 to a cable tested so as to obtain a stress-elongation curve.
• each inner and outer strand is delimited by the metal wires and corresponds to the volume delimited by a theoretical circle, on the one hand, radially inside each wire element and, on the other hand, tangent to each metallic wire element.
• the diameter of this theoretical circle is equal to the arch diameter Dvti for the wires of the internal strand and Dvte for the wires of the external strand.
• tan afi 2cp x Rfe / Pfe.
• the arch diameter of the outer strand Dvte Dhe-Dfe.
• the pitch at which each metallic wire element is wound is the length traveled by this wire element, measured parallel to the axis of the cable in which it is located, at the end of which the wire element having this pitch performs one complete turn around said axis of the cable.
• all the metallic wire elements of the or each internal strand have the same diameter Dfi.
• all the metallic wire elements of each outer strand have the same diameter Dfe.
• the cable according to the invention has excellent longitudinal compressibility and, all other things being equal, a relatively small diameter.
• the inventors behind the invention hypothesize that, due to a sufficiently large radius of curvature Rti compared to the diameter Dti of each internal strand, the cable is sufficiently ventilated. , thus reducing the risk of buckling, due to the relatively large distance of each internal strand from the longitudinal axis of the cable, this distance allowing the internal strands to accommodate, by virtue of their helix, relatively high longitudinal compressive deformations.
• the cable according to the invention would have insufficient longitudinal compressive stiffness to provide a reinforcing role, for example for tires.
• the cable would have, relative to the diameter of the internal strands, a diameter which is too high.
• the values of the characteristics Dti, Dvi and Rti as well as the other characteristics described below are measured on or determined from the cables either directly after manufacture, that is to say before any step of flooding in an elastomeric matrix, or extracted from an elastomeric matrix, for example from a tire, and having then undergone a cleaning step during which any elastomeric matrix is removed from the cable, in particular any material present inside the cable.
• the adhesive interface between each metallic wire element and the elastomeric matrix must be removed, for example by an electrochemical process in a sodium carbonate bath.
• the effects associated with the shaping step of the tire manufacturing process described below, in particular the elongation of the cables are canceled out by the extraction of the ply and the cable which, during extraction, take up substantially their characteristics before the conformation stage.
• the arch of the cable according to the invention is delimited by the internal strands and corresponds to the volume delimited by a theoretical circle, on the one hand, radially inside each internal strand and, on the other hand, tangent to each internal strand .
• the diameter of this theoretical circle is equal to the diameter of the vault Dvi.
• the helix diameter De corresponds to the diameter of the theoretical circle passing through the centers of the inner strands of the layer in a plane perpendicular to the main axis of the cable.
• the pitch at which each internal strand is wound is the length traveled by this wire element, measured parallel to the axis of the cable in which it is located, at the end of which strand having this pitch makes a complete turn around said axis of the cable.
• the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a cable comprising a step of manufacturing the K internal strand (s) by:
• a step of providing a transient assembly comprising a layer consisting of M ’> 1 metal wires wound helically around a transient core (;
• a first fractional assembly comprising a layer consisting of M1 '> 1 metallic wire (s) wound in a helix, the MT metallic wire (s) being (s) resulting from the layer constituted of M '> 1 metal wires of the transient assembly,
• a second split assembly comprising a layer made up of M2 ’> 1 metallic wires wound in a helix, the M2’ metallic wires coming from the layer made up of M ’> 1 metallic wires of the transient assembly,
• transient core or one or more sets comprising the transient core
• a step of providing a transient assembly comprising at least one layer made up of N '> 1 metallic wires wound in a helix around a transient core;
• a first fractional assembly comprising a layer consisting of N1 '> 1 metallic wire (s) wound in a helix, the N1' metallic wire (s) coming from the layer made up of N '> 1 metal wires of the transient assembly,
• transient core or one or more sets comprising the transient core
• Each strand is manufactured in accordance with a process and by implementing an installation described in documents WO2016083265 and WO2016083267.
• Such a method implementing a fractionation step is to be distinguished from a conventional cabling method comprising a single assembly step in which the metallic wire elements are wound in a helix, the assembly step being preceded by a step individual preformation of each metallic wire element in order in particular to increase the value of the structural elongation.
• Such methods and installations are described in documents EP0548539, EP1000194, EP0622489, WO2012055677, JP2007092259,
• each metallic wire element of the cable is devoid of preformation mark.
• preforming marks include in particular flats.
• the preformation marks also include cracks extending into cutting planes substantially perpendicular to the main axis along which each wire element extends. Such cracks extend, in a section plane substantially perpendicular to the main axis, from a radially outer surface of each metallic wire element radially towards the interior of each metallic wire element. As described above, such cracks are initiated by mechanical preforming tools due to bending forces, that is to say perpendicular to the main axis of each metallic wire element, which makes them very harmful for endurance.
• the cable has a diameter D such that D ⁇ 8.00 mm and preferably D ⁇ 7.00 mm.
• the apparent diameter or diameter, denoted D is measured by wedging the cable between two perfectly straight bars of length 200 mm and by measuring the spacing in which the cable is embedded by means of the comparator described below, one can quote by example the model JD50 / 25 of the brand KAEFER allowing to reach a precision of 1/100 of a millimeter, equipped with type a key, and having a contact pressure close to 0.6N.
• the measurement protocol consists of three repetitions of a series of three measurements (performed perpendicular to the axis of the cable and under zero tension).
• each metallic wire element comprises a single metallic monofilament.
• each metallic wire element is advantageously made of a metallic monofilament.
• the metallic monofilament is directly coated with a layer of a metallic coating comprising copper, zinc, tin, cobalt or an alloy of these metals, for example brass or the bronze.
• each metallic wire element then consists of the metallic monofilament, for example steel, forming a core, directly coated with the metallic coating layer.
• each elementary metallic monofilament is, as described above, preferably made of steel, and has a mechanical strength ranging from 1000 MPa to 5000 MPa.
• Such mechanical strengths correspond to the steel grades commonly encountered in the field of tires, namely, the grades NT (Normal Tensile), HT (High Tensile), ST (Super Tensile), SHT (Super High Tensile), UT ( Ultra Tensile), UHT (Ultra High Tensile) and MT (Mega Tensile), the use of high mechanical strengths possibly allowing an improved reinforcement of the matrix in which the cable is intended to be embedded and a lightening of the matrix thus reinforced.
• the most severe transverse forces are the transverse forces exerted by the external strands on the internal strand.
• the low modulus E2 will make it possible to relieve the contact pressures towards the internal strand while ensuring good breaking energy.
• Q 3 to 12
• Q 5, 6, 7 or 11.
• Q ′ 3 to 12
• Q’ 5, 6, 7 or 11.
• each metal wire respectively has a diameter ranging from 0.10 mm to 0.60 mm, preferably from 0.12 mm to 0.50 mm and more preferably from 0.15 mm to 0.46 mm.
• all the metal wires have the same diameter.
• the separation step and the reassembly step are performed so that M1 ’+ M2’ ⁇ M ’.
• the separation step and the reassembly step are performed so that N1 ’+ N2’ ⁇ N ’.
• Q M1 ’+ M2’ ranges from 3 to 18 and preferably from 4 to 15.
• Q ’ N1’ + N2 ’is from 3 to 18 and preferably from 4 to 15.
• the step of providing the transient assembly comprises an assembly step by twisting the M '> 1 metallic wire elements wound in helix around the transient core and an assembly step by twisting the N '> 1 metallic wire elements wound in a helix around the transient core.
• the step of providing the transient assembly comprises a step of balancing the transient assembly.
• the balancing step being carried out on the transient assembly comprising the M 'metal wire elements and the transient core, the balancing step is implicitly carried out upstream of the separation step between the first and second assemblies. fractional.
• the balancing step being carried out on the transient assembly comprising the N 'metallic wire elements.
• the method comprises a step of balancing the final assembly downstream of the reassembly step.
• the method comprises a step of maintaining the rotation of the final assembly around its direction of travel.
• This rotational maintenance step is performed downstream of the transient assembly separation step and upstream of the final assembly balancing step.
• the method is devoid of individual preforming steps of each of the metallic wire elements.
• the latter are imposed a shape by preforming tools, for example rollers, these tools creating defects on the surface of the metal. wire elements of metal. These defects significantly reduce the endurance of metallic wire elements and therefore of the final assembly.
• the transient core is a metallic wire element.
• the transient core is a metallic monofilament.
• the diameter of the space between the metallic wire elements and therefore the geometric characteristics of the final assembly is very precisely controlled, unlike a transient core made of a textile material, for example polymeric material, the compressibility of which can generate variations in the geometric characteristics of the final assembly.
• the transient core is a textile filament element.
• Such a textile filament element comprises at least one multifilament textile strand or, in a variant, consists of a textile monofilament.
• the textile filaments which can be used are chosen from polyesters, polyketones, aliphatic or aromatic polyamides and mixtures of textile filaments of these materials.
• the subject of the invention is also a reinforced product comprising a polymer matrix and at least one extracted cable as defined above.
• the reinforced product comprises one or more cables according to the invention embedded in the polymer matrix, and in the case of several cables, the cables are arranged side by side in a main direction.
• the subject of the invention is also a tire comprising at least one extracted cable as defined above or a reinforced product as defined above.
• the tire comprises a carcass reinforcement anchored in two beads and surmounted radially by a crown reinforcement itself surmounted by a tread, the crown reinforcement being joined to said beads by two sidewalls and comprising at least one cable as defined above.
• the crown frame comprises a protective frame and a working frame, the working frame comprising at least one cable as defined above, the protective frame being radially interposed between the tread and the working reinforcement.
• the cable is most particularly intended for industrial vehicles chosen from heavy vehicles such as "Heavy goods” - ie, metro, bus, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles - , agricultural or civil engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• heavy vehicles such as "Heavy goods” - ie, metro, bus, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers), off-road vehicles - , agricultural or civil engineering machinery, other transport or handling vehicles.
• the tire is for a vehicle of the civil engineering type.
• the tire has a dimension in which the diameter, in inches, of the seat of the rim on which the tire is intended to be mounted is greater than or equal to 40 inches.
• the invention also relates to a rubber article comprising an assembly according to the invention, or an impregnated assembly according to the invention.
• rubber article is meant any type of rubber article such as a balloon, a non-pneumatic object such as a non-pneumatic tire, a conveyor belt or a track.
• FIG. 1 is a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire according to the invention
• FIG. 2 is a detailed view of zone II of FIG. 1;
• - Figure 3 is a sectional view of a reinforced product according to the invention
• - Figure 4 illustrates part of the stress-elongation curve of a cable (50) according to the invention
• FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view perpendicular to the cable axis (assumed rectilinear and at rest) of a cable (50) according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 6 is a view similar to that of Figure 5 of a cable (60) according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the effect of the deformability of the cable (50) of Figure 5 under low tensile load due to the radial play of the wires;
• FIGS 8 and 9 are schematic representations of the method according to the invention for manufacturing the cable (50) of Figure 5.
• FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown a reference X, Y, Z corresponding to the usual respectively axial (X), radial (Y) and circumferential (Z) orientations of a tire.
• the "median circumferential plane" M of the tire is the plane which is normal to the axis of rotation of the tire and which is located equidistant from the annular reinforcing structures of each bead.
• the tire P is for a heavy vehicle of the civil engineering type, for example of the “dumper” type.
• the tire P has a dimension of type 53 / 80R63.
• the tire P comprises a crown 12 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 14, two sidewalls 16 and two beads 18, each of these beads 18 being reinforced with an annular structure, here a bead wire 20.
• the crown reinforcement 14 is radially surmounted by a tread 22 and joined to the beads 18 by the sidewalls 16.
• a carcass reinforcement 24 is anchored in the two beads 18, and is here wound around the two bead wires 20 and comprises an upturn 26 disposed towards the exterior of the tire 20 which is shown here mounted on a rim 28.
• the carcass reinforcement 24 is surmounted radially by the crown reinforcement 14.
• the carcass reinforcement 24 comprises at least one carcass ply 30 reinforced by radial carcass cables (not shown).
• the carcass cables are arranged substantially parallel to each other and extend from one bead 18 to the other so as to form an angle of between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane M (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located midway between the two beads 18 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 14).
• the tire P also comprises a sealing ply 32 made of an elastomer (commonly called an inner rubber) which defines the radially inner face. 34 of the tire P and which is intended to protect the carcass ply 30 from the diffusion of air coming from the space inside the tire P.
• a sealing ply 32 made of an elastomer (commonly called an inner rubber) which defines the radially inner face. 34 of the tire P and which is intended to protect the carcass ply 30 from the diffusion of air coming from the space inside the tire P.
• the crown reinforcement 14 comprises, radially from the outside towards the inside of the tire P, a protective reinforcement 36 arranged radially inside the tread 22, a working reinforcement 38 arranged radially on the inside. inside the protective frame 36 and an additional frame 40 arranged radially inside the working frame 38.
• the protective frame 36 is thus radially interposed between the tread 22 and the reinforcement. work 38.
• the working frame 38 is radially interposed between the protective frame 36 and the additional frame 40.
• the protective frame 36 comprises first and second protective plies 42, 44 comprising protective metal cables, the first ply 42 being arranged radially inside the second ply 44.
• the cables protective metals form an angle at least equal to 10 °, preferably ranging from 10 ° to 35 ° and preferably from 15 ° to 30 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire.
• the working reinforcement 38 comprises first and second working plies 46, 48, the first ply 46 being arranged radially inside the second ply 48.
• Each ply 46, 48 comprises at least one cable 50.
• the metal working cables 50 are crossed from one working ply to the other and form an angle at most equal to 60 °, preferably ranging from 15 ° to 40 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire.
• the additional reinforcement 40 also called a limiter block, the function of which is to partially take up the mechanical inflation stresses, comprises, for example and in a manner known per se, additional metal reinforcing elements, for example such as described in FR 2 419 181 or FR 2 419 182 forming an angle at most equal to 10 °, preferably ranging from 5 ° to 10 ° with the circumferential direction Z of the tire P.
• FIG. 3 shows a reinforced product according to the invention and designated by the general reference R.
• the reinforced product R comprises at least one cable 50 ′, in l 'species several cables 50', embedded in the polymer matrix Ma.
• the polymer matrix Ma there is shown the polymer matrix Ma, the cables 50 ’in an X, Y, Z coordinate system in which the Y direction is the radial direction and the X and Z directions are the axial and circumferential directions.
• the reinforced product R comprises several cables 50 ′ arranged side by side in the main direction X and extending parallel to each other within the reinforced product R and collectively embedded in the polymer matrix Ma.
• FIG. 5 shows the cable 50 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Each protective reinforcing element 43, 45 and each hooping reinforcing element 53, 55 is formed, after extraction of the tire 10, by an extracted cable 50 ′ as described below.
• the cable 50 is obtained by embedding in a polymeric matrix, in this case in a polymeric matrix respectively forming each polymeric matrix of each protective ply 42, 44 and of each hooping layer 52, 54 in which are respectively embedded the elements of protection 43, 45 and hoop reinforcement 53, 55.
• the cable 50 and the extracted cable 50 ' are metallic and of the multi-strand type with two cylindrical layers. Thus, it is understood that the layers of strands constituting the cable 50 or 50 ’are two in number, no more, no less.
• the cable 50 or the cable 50 ' comprises an internal layer Cl of the cable consisting of K> 1 internal strand (s) Tl wound in a helix around a main axis (A), the or each internal strand T1 being with a layer C1 of metallic wires F1 and comprising Q> 1 metallic wires F1 wound in a helix around an axis (B); and an outer layer CE of the cable consisting of L> 1 outer strands TE wound around the inner layer Cl of the cable, each outer strand TE having a layer CT of metal wires F and comprising Q '> 1 metal wires F wound in a helix around an axis (B ').
• the stress-elongation curve of the cable 50 is plotted by applying the ASTM D 885 / D 885M - 10a standard of 2014. From this stress-elongation curve, the area under this curve is deduced.
• Figure 4 shows the method of rectangles for determining the energy at break indicator of cable 50.
• the value At is determined by plotting a stress-elongation curve of the cable 50 by applying the standard ASTM D2969-04 of 2014.
• the tangent modulus E2 is determined from this same curve by relating to the section of the cable 50.
• the method comprises a step 100 of supplying the transient assembly 22 comprising on the one hand an assembly step by twisting the M 'metallic wire elements F1 into a single layer of M' metallic wire elements F1 around of the transient core 16 and on the other hand, a step of balancing the transient assembly 22 carried out by means of a twister.
• the method comprises a step 110 of separating the transient assembly 22 between the first fractional assembly 25, the second fractional assembly 27 and the transient core 16 or one or more assemblies comprising the transient core 16, here the transient core 16 .
• the step 110 of separating the transient assembly 22 between the first split assembly 25, the second split assembly 27 and the transient core 16 comprises a step 120 of separating the assembly transient 22 between the precursor assembly, the second fractional assembly 27 and finally the transient core 16.
• the separation step 120 of the transient assembly between the precursor assembly and the fractionated assembly comprises a step 124 of separation of the fractionated assembly between the second fractionated assembly. 27 and the transient core 16.
• the separation step 124 comprises a step of splitting the fractional assembly into the second fractional assembly 27, the transient core 16 and the complementary assembly.
• the step 110 of separating the transient assembly between the first fractional assembly 25, the second fractional assembly 27 and the transient core 16 comprises a step 130 of separating the precursor assembly between the first fractional assembly 25 and the complementary assembly.
• the method comprises a step 140 of reassembling the first fractional assembly 25 with the second fractional assembly 27 to form the strand 54.
• the supply step 100, the separation step 110 and the reassembly step 140 are carried out so that all the M 'metallic wire elements F1 have the same diameter Dfi, are wound. helical with the same pitch Pi and have the same helix radius Rfi described above.
• the separation step 110 and the reassembly step 140 are performed so that M1 ’+ M2’ ⁇ M ’.
• M1’ + M2 ’ 5 ⁇ 8.
• a final balancing step is carried out.
• the internal strand is stored on a storage reel.
• the L 6 external strands TE are made in the same way.
• the method comprises a step of recycling the transient core 16.
• the transient core 16 is recovered downstream from the separation step 110, here downstream from the step. separation 124, and the transient core 16 recovered previously is introduced upstream of the assembly step.
• This recycling step is continuous.
• FIG. 6 shows the cable 60 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• Tables 1, 2 and 3 show that the cables 50, 50 ', 60, 60', 51, 52, 53 and 53 'according to the invention have both improved breaking energy and have better deformability due to their relatively low modulus compared to cables of the state of the art EDT1 and EDT1 '.
• the cables according to the invention make it possible to solve the problems mentioned in the preamble.

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• 2020
  • 2020-12-18 WO PCT/FR2020/052527 patent/WO2021140288A1/fr unknown
  • 2020-12-18 CN CN202080093681.4A patent/CN115003878B/zh active Active
  • 2020-12-18 EP EP20845791.1A patent/EP4087971A1/fr active Pending
  • 2020-12-18 CA CA3161403A patent/CA3161403A1/fr active Pending

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