WO2021139207A1 - 一种振动发电装置 - Google Patents

一种振动发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021139207A1
WO2021139207A1 PCT/CN2020/116436 CN2020116436W WO2021139207A1 WO 2021139207 A1 WO2021139207 A1 WO 2021139207A1 CN 2020116436 W CN2020116436 W CN 2020116436W WO 2021139207 A1 WO2021139207 A1 WO 2021139207A1
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Prior art keywords
power generation
piezoelectric
permanent magnet
vibration
generation part
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PCT/CN2020/116436
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何运成
毛华健
傅继阳
吴玖荣
林海波
李智
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广州大学
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Application filed by 广州大学 filed Critical 广州大学
Publication of WO2021139207A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139207A1/zh
Priority to US17/567,070 priority Critical patent/US20220123671A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
    • H02N2/188—Vibration harvesters adapted for resonant operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
    • H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
    • H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
    • H10N30/304—Beam type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of new energy and power generation, in particular to a vibration power generation device.
  • piezoelectric vibration power generation devices such as Cymbal structure, stacked structure, cantilever beam structure, etc.
  • the vibration process of the vibration source in the environment is random. Once the vibration frequency of the external environment deviates from the resonance frequency of the collector, the energy collection efficiency will be very low. Due to the single vibrating beam structure of the power generating device with the above structure, the vibration frequency during energy harvesting tends to deviate from the natural frequency in the environment, so that the energy harvesting range is small and the energy conversion efficiency is low.
  • the present invention provides a vibration power generation device, which adopts an adjustable angle "M" beam structure piezoelectric power generation part, and at the same time forms a bistable piezoelectric power generation device by introducing permanent magnets.
  • -Magnetoelectric composite power generation system to achieve the highest energy conversion efficiency; at the same time, it collects mechanical energy in the X, Y, and Z directions caused by natural environmental loads and vehicle loads to increase the range of energy collection; in addition, A stop rod is added to the device to suppress the excessive response of the system and increase the service life of the device.
  • the present invention provides a vibration power generation device, which includes three power generation mechanisms whose energy collection direction is the same as the three directions of the three-dimensional coordinates, and each of the power generation mechanisms includes a piezoelectric power generation part and a magnetoelectric power generation part.
  • the piezoelectric power generation part includes two M-shaped structural beams and a first permanent magnet fixed in the middle of each of the M-shaped structural beams; the magnetoelectric power generation part includes two sides of the piezoelectric power generation part and Two magnetoelectric power generation components that are in the same axial direction as the two first permanent magnets, each of the magnetoelectric power generation components includes a second permanent magnet, a spring connected to the second permanent magnet at one end, and The second permanent magnet is built into the sleeve of the cavity, and the coil is wound on the surface of the sleeve.
  • the two magnetoelectric power generation components are symmetrical with respect to the piezoelectric power generation part.
  • the piezoelectric power generation part further includes an adjusting rod member for fixing both ends of each of the M-shaped structural beams and a connecting rod member for fixing the adjusting rod member.
  • the piezoelectric power generation part further includes a stop rod for preventing the M-shaped structural beam from generating an excessive response.
  • both ends of the M-shaped structural beam are made of piezoelectric materials.
  • the M-shaped structural beam body is a copper sheet.
  • the second permanent magnet is placed on the surface of the smooth gasket.
  • the vibration frequency band of the device is effectively expanded and the energy capture range is improved.
  • the angle of the "M" beam structure can be adjusted to adjust to the frequency band most suitable for the environmental vibration frequency.
  • the same pole magnetism of the permanent magnets is used to repel each other to adjust the frequency of the device to match the environmental frequency.
  • stop rods can restrain the system from generating excessive response and increase the service life of the device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bridge equipped with the device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a three-dimensional view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention for collecting vibration energy in the X direction;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention for collecting vibration energy in the Y direction
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure for collecting vibration energy in the Z direction according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the "M" beam structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a front view of the "M" beam structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the magnetoelectric power generation part in the X direction of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a side view of the structure of the magnetoelectric power generation part in the Y direction of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a front view of the structure of the magnetoelectric generating part in the Z direction of the present invention.
  • This embodiment takes the bridge vibration power generation device shown in FIG. 1 as an example for description, and other bridge vibration power generation devices are similar to this.
  • bridges are subjected to vibrations caused by loads such as the natural environment and vehicles, and the displacement amplitude caused by them is generally much larger than that of highways, and the directions of these vibrations are multi-directional.
  • the device collects the mechanical energy of the bridge vibration in the X, Y, and Z directions and converts it into electrical energy.
  • the front view and the three-dimensional view of the vibration power generation device are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 respectively.
  • the device is divided into three energy collection areas, and the vibration energy in the three directions of X, Y, and Z is collected.
  • the uppermost is the energy harvesting area in the X direction (1)
  • the middle is the energy harvesting area in the Y direction (2)
  • the lowest end is the energy harvesting area in the Z direction (3).
  • the energy collection area in each direction is composed of a piezoelectric-magnetoelectric power generation system composed of a piezoelectric power generation part and a magnetoelectric power generation part.
  • the energy collection area in the X-direction is shown in FIG. This area collects the vibration energy of the bridge in the X direction.
  • the piezoelectric power generation part of this area is mainly composed of two "M" beam structures (11) fixed on the frame.
  • the power generation method is mainly through the vibration of the "M” beam, and the piezoelectric material on the beam generates electricity.
  • the mass block in the middle of the beam structure is replaced by the first permanent magnet (111).
  • the left end of the first permanent magnet (111) of the M” beam structure (11) on the left is N pole, the right end is S pole, and the right end is M” beam.
  • the left end of the first permanent magnet (111) of the structure (11) is an S pole, and the right end is an N pole.
  • the left and right ends of the two M" beam structures (11) are each fixed with a stop rod (14) to restrain the "M" beam structure (11) from generating excessive response.
  • the magnetoelectric power generation part of this area is mainly It is composed of a second permanent magnet (15), a sleeve (13), a coil (12), a spring (16) and a smooth gasket (17).
  • the sleeve (13) at the left and right ends, the gasket (17) ) And the spring (16) are fixed on the frame, the other end of the spring (16) is connected to the second permanent magnet (15), the second permanent magnet (15) is placed on the gasket (17), and the sleeve (13) is sleeved
  • the second permanent magnet (15), the coil (12) is wound on the sleeve (13), the second permanent magnet (15) on the gasket (17) and the first permanent magnet (15) on the M”-shaped structural beam (110)
  • the opposite parts of the permanent magnets (111) have the same magnetic poles.
  • the same poles repel each other, and then drive the first permanent magnets on the smooth gasket (17).
  • the movement of the second permanent magnet (15) is due to the elasticity of the spring (16), therefore, the second permanent magnet (15) on the gasket (17) will quickly return to its original position. Cut the magnetic line of induction back and forth. .
  • the energy collection area in the Y direction is shown in Fig. 5, and this area collects the vibration energy of the bridge in the Y direction.
  • the principle and component parts of this area are the same as the X-direction area, and will not be described here.
  • the energy collection area in the Z direction is shown in FIG. 6, and this area collects the vibration energy of the bridge in the Z direction.
  • the principle and components of this area are the same as the X-direction area. The difference is that the "M" beam structure (11) cuts the magnetic line of induction up and down to form the magnetoelectric power generation part, and the other parts will not be explained here.
  • the "M”-shaped beam structure (11) is shown in Figure 7.
  • the "M”-shaped structural beam (110) is connected to the adjusting rod (113) fixed on the frame through the connecting rod (112),
  • the connecting rod (112) can be rotated by a fixed bolt (115) to adjust the angle of the "M"-shaped structural beam (110).
  • the end of the "M”-shaped structural beam (110) is made of piezoelectric material.
  • the body of the "M"-shaped structural beam (110) is made of copper sheet.
  • the magnetoelectric power generation part in the X direction is shown in Figure 9.
  • the sleeve (13), the spring (16) and the smooth washer (17) are fixed on the frame, and the other end of the spring (16) is connected to the second permanent magnet (15).
  • the second permanent magnet (15) is placed on the smooth gasket (17)
  • the sleeve (13) is sleeved with the second permanent magnet (15)
  • the sleeve (13) A coil (12) is wound outside.
  • the movement of the "M"-shaped structural beam (110) drives the first permanent magnet (111) on the gasket (17) to cut the magnetic line of induction.
  • the magnetoelectric power generation part in the Y direction is shown in Fig. 10, and the principle and component parts of this area are the same as those in the X direction area, which will not be described here.
  • the Z-direction magnetoelectric power generation part is shown in Figure 11.
  • the principle of this area is the same as that of the X-direction area. Compared with the X-direction area and the Y-direction area, the spring (16) and the spacer (17) are removed. ), the second permanent magnet (15) is directly fixed on the frame, and the "M"-shaped beam structure (11) cuts the magnetic induction line up and down. The other parts are not described here.
  • the invention can supply power to the street lamps, street sign indicators, sensors, etc. on the bridge, and can also save electric energy through the storage battery, so as to realize the development goals of energy saving, emission reduction and green economy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Abstract

一种振动发电装置，包括：能量采集方向与三维坐标的三个方向相同的三个发电机构，每个发电机构均包括压电发电部分和磁电发电部分；压电发电部分包括两个M型结构梁（11）及固定于每个M型结构梁（11）中间的第一永久磁铁（111）；磁电发电部分包括设置于压电发电部分两侧且与两个第一永久磁铁（111）处于同一轴线方向上的两个磁电发电部件，每个磁电发电部件包括第二永久磁体（15）、一端连接第二永久磁体（15）的弹簧（16）、将第二永久磁体（15）内置于腔体的套筒（13），以及缠绕套筒（13）表面的线圈（12）。本方案将双稳态M型结构梁的压电发电与磁电发电有效的结合，增大了能量采集的范围，大大提高了能量转换的效率。

Description

一种振动发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源和发电技术领域，特别是涉及一种振动发电装置。
背景技术
现有技术下，压电式振动发电装置，如Cymbal结构、叠堆形结构、悬臂梁结构等，其主要机理在于，当振动能量采集系统在外界振动频率与系统自然频率相同时,其能量转换效率最高。但环境中的振动源振动过程具有随机性，一旦外界环境的振动频率偏离了采集器的共振频率，能量收集效率就会很低。上述结构的发电装置由于其振动梁结构单一，在能量采集时的振动频率往往容易与环境中的自然频率发生偏离，从而使得能量采集的范围较小，能量转换效率较低。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术所存在的问题，本发明提供一种振动发电装置，采用了可调节角度的“M”型梁结构的压电发电部分，同时通过引入永久磁体来形成双稳态的压电-磁电复合发电系统，使其达到能量的最高转化效率；同时对自然环境荷载以及车辆荷载所引起的X,Y,Z三个方向的机械能进行采集，增大能量采集的范围；此外，在该装置中加入了止动杆件来抑制系统产生的过大响应，提高了装置的使用寿命。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种振动发电装置，包括能量采集方向与三维坐标的三个方向相同的三个发电机构，每个所述发电机构均包括压电发电部分和磁电发电部分；所述压电发电部分包括两个M型结构梁及固定于每个所述M型结构梁中间的第一永久磁铁；所述磁电发电部分包括设置于所述压电发电部分两侧且与两个所述第一永久磁铁处于同一轴线方向上的两个磁电发电部件，每个所述磁电发 电部件包括第二永久磁体、一端连接所述第二永久磁体的弹簧、将所述第二永久磁体内置于腔体的套筒，以及缠绕所述套筒表面的线圈。
优选地，所述两个磁电发电部件关于压电发电部分对称。
优选地，所述压电发电部分还包括固定每个所述M型结构梁的两端的调节杆件及固定所述调节杆件的连接杆件。
优选地，所述压电发电部分还包括用于防止所述M型结构梁产生过大响应的止动杆件。
优选地，所述M型结构梁的两个端部均为压电材料。
优选地，所述M型结构梁本体为铜片。
优选地，所述第二永久磁体置于光滑垫片表面。
本发明的技术方案与现有技术相比，其有益效果在于：
1、通过使用“M”型梁结构，有效地拓宽了该装置的振动频带，提高了能量的捕获范围。
2、通过一调节杆件，能够对“M”型梁结构的角度进行调节，以调节到与环境振动频率最适合的频带。
3、通过引入了永久磁体，形成压电-磁电复合发电的双稳态系统，提高了能量转化效率以及利用率。
4、通过“M”型梁结构以及永久磁体的摆放位置的不一样，可以收集桥梁上X,Y,Z三个方向的振动机械能。
5、通过使用了双层的“M”型梁结构的压电发电部分，利用永久磁体的同极磁性相互排斥，以调节装置的频率，达到与环境频率相匹配的状态。
6、通过引入止动杆件来抑制系统产生过大的响应，提高了装置的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为装有本发明装置的桥梁示意图；
图2为本发明结构的主视图；
图3为本发明结构的空间立体图；
图4为本发明采集X方向振动能量的结构示意图；
图5为本发明采集Y方向振动能量的结构示意图；
图6为本发明采集Z方向振动能量的结构示意图；
图7为本发明“M”型梁结构的示意图；
图8为本发明“M”型梁结构的主视图；
图9为本发明X方向的磁电发电部分的立体结构示意图；
图10为本发明Y方向的磁电发电部分的结构侧视图；
图11为本发明Z方向的磁电发电部分的结构主视图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
本实施例以图1所示桥梁振动发电装置为例进行说明，其他桥梁振动发电装置也与此相似。在现实环境中，桥梁经受着自然环境以及车辆等荷载所带来的振动，其引起的位移幅度一般要比公路的要大得多，并且这些振动的方向是多向的。该装置把X,Y,Z三个方向的桥梁振动的机械能收集起来，转化为电能。
所述的振动发电装置的主视图和空间立体图分别如图2、图3所示，该装置共分为三个能量采集区域，分别采集X,Y,Z三个方向的振动能量。最上边为X方向的能量采集区域(1)，中间为Y方向的能量采集区域(2)，最低端为Z方向能量采集区域(3)。其中，每个方向的能量采集区域都由压电发电部分和磁电发电部分共同组成压电-磁电复合发电体系。
所述的X方向能量采集区域如图4所示，下面结合图7、图9一起解释说明。该区域采集桥梁在X方向的振动能量。该区域的压电发电部分主要由两个固定在框架上的“M”型梁结构(11)所组成，发电方 式主要是通过“M”型梁的振动，梁上的压电材料进行发电，梁结构中间的质量块用第一永久磁体(111)所代替，左边M”型梁结构(11)的第一永久磁体(111)的左端为N极，右端为S极，右边M”型梁结构(11)的第一永久磁体(111)的左端为S极，右端为N极。两根M”型梁结构(11)的左右两端各固定有一根止动杆件(14)，抑制“M”型梁结构(11)产生过大的响应。该区域的磁电发电部分主要由第二永久磁体(15)、套筒(13)、线圈(12)、弹簧(16)以及光滑的垫片(17)所组成。其中，左右两端的套筒(13)，垫片(17)以及弹簧(16)固定在框架上，弹簧(16)的另一端连接着第二永久磁体(15)，第二永久磁体(15)放在垫片(17)上，套筒(13)套着第二永久磁体(15)，在套筒(13)上缠绕着线圈(12)，垫片(17)上的第二永久磁体(15)与M”型结构梁(110)上的第一永久磁体(111)的相对部分为相同磁极，通过M”型结构梁(110)上的第一永久磁体(111)的运动，同极相斥，进而带动光滑的垫片(17)上的第二永久磁体(15)的运动，因弹簧(16)具有弹性，因此，垫片(17)上的第二永久磁体(15)很快会恢复到原来位置。来来回回进行切割磁感线运动。
所述的Y方向的能量采集区域如图5所示，该区域采集桥梁在Y方向的振动能量。该区域的原理以及组成构件与X方向区域相同，在此不再阐述。
所述的Z方向的能量采集区域如图6所示，该区域采集桥梁在Z方向的振动能量。该区域的原理以及组成构件与X方向区域相同，区别在于“M”型梁结构(11)做上下切割磁感线运动，形成磁电发电部分，其他部分在此不再阐述。
所述的“M”型梁结构(11)如图7所示，“M”型结构梁(110)通过连接杆件(112)，与固定在框架上的调节杆件(113)相连接，连接杆件(112)可通过固定的螺栓(115)进行转动，进而对“M”型结构梁(110)的角度进行调节，“M”型结构梁(110)的端部为压电材料，“M”型结构梁(110)本体用铜片制成。
所述X方向的磁电发电部分如图9，套筒(13)、弹簧(16)、光滑的垫片(17)固定在框架上，弹簧(16)另一端连接着第二永久磁体(15)，第二永久磁体(15)放置在光滑的垫片(17)上，套筒(13)套着第二永久磁体(15)，弹簧(16)以及光滑的垫片(17)，套筒(13)外缠绕着线圈(12)。通过“M”型结构梁(110)的运动来带动垫片(17)上的第一永久磁体(111)进行切割磁感线运动。
所述Y方向的磁电发电部分如图10,该区域的原理以及组成构件与X方向区域相同，在此不再阐述。
所述的Z方向的磁电发电部分如图11所示，该区域的原理与X方向区域相同，其组成构件与X方向区域和Y方向区域相比去掉了弹簧(16)和垫片(17)，将第二永久磁体(15)直接固定在框架上，“M”型梁结构(11)做上下切割磁感线运动，其他部分在此不再阐述。
本发明可为桥梁上的路灯，路牌指示灯，传感器等进行供电，同时也能通过蓄电池把电能储蓄起来，实现节能减排、绿色经济的发展目的。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种振动发电装置，其特征在于，包括：能量采集方向与三维坐标的三个方向相同的三个发电机构，每个所述发电机构均包括压电发电部分和磁电发电部分；
    所述压电发电部分包括两个M型结构梁及固定于每个所述M型结构梁中间的第一永久磁铁；
    所述磁电发电部分包括设置于所述压电发电部分两侧且与两个所述第一永久磁铁处于同一轴线方向上的两个磁电发电部件，每个所述磁电发电部件包括第二永久磁体、一端连接所述第二永久磁体的弹簧、将所述第二永久磁体内置于腔体的套筒，以及缠绕所述套筒表面的线圈。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述两个磁电发电部件关于压电发电部分对称。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述压电发电部分还包括固定每个所述M型结构梁的两端的调节杆件及固定所述调节杆件的连接杆件。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述压电发电部分还包括用于防止所述M型结构梁产生过大响应的止动杆件。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述M型结构梁的两个端部均为压电材料。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述M型结构梁本体为铜片。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的振动发电装置，其特征在于，所述第二永久磁体置于光滑垫片表面。
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