WO2021135843A1 - 基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法 - Google Patents
基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- the invention relates to a non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on a flexible photoelectric sensor array.
- the deflection and deformation of the bridge is an important parameter for the evaluation of the health of the bridge, and an important indicator of the bridge inspection test and health monitoring.
- the deflection test is also widely used in bridge engineering.
- Bridge deflection detection is mainly to measure the deflection of the bridge span under dead load and live load. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the static and dynamic deflection of the bridge.
- the commonly used beam deflection measurement methods mainly include dial indicator measurement method, precision level measurement method, total station measurement method, connecting pipe measurement method, differential GPS observation method, etc.
- the dial indicator measurement method is to amplify the displacement value of the position detected by the gear rotation mechanism, and convert the detected linear reciprocating motion into the rotary rotation of the pointer to indicate the displacement value.
- the method is simple in equipment and can be used for multi-point measurement.
- the string dial gauge measurement method can only be used to measure the deflection of bridges on land or on frozen water in the north. It cannot be used under high bridges or when there is water, or high platforms must be built.
- the precision level measurement method is a method of measuring the height difference between two points using a leveling instrument and a leveling ruler. Starting from the leveling origin or any known elevation point, the elevation of each point is measured station by station along the selected leveling route, and the level is read by the leveling ruler. The difference is the relative deflection, but this method can only measure the relative value, not the absolute value.
- the total station measurement method is a method of triangular elevation measurement.
- the height difference between two points is obtained by measuring the horizontal distance and vertical angle between two points.
- This measurement method is simple and is not restricted by topographical conditions, but there may be some observations.
- the connecting pipe measurement method uses the principle of "the pressure of the static liquid in the connecting vessel is the same on the same horizontal plane" in physics.
- a connecting pipe is arranged at each measuring point, and water (or other colored liquid) is filled to the ruler position. When the bridge deflection occurs, the horizontal liquid level in the water pipe is still flat, but the relative water level of each measuring point will change.
- the deflection of the bridge can be obtained by reading the change value.
- the calculation is simple, and due to the fully enclosed structure, it is not affected by the bridge site.
- High dust, high humidity and other environmental conditions, but this method has low accuracy, can only be used for low-frequency or ultra-low frequency bridge static deflection detection, and is not suitable for bridges with large spans and large longitudinal slopes.
- the differential GPS observation method places a GPS mobile station at the required measurement point, and obtains the position of the deformation point relative to the reference point in real time through GPS observation, which can directly reflect the spatial position change of the measurement point to obtain the deflection value of the bridge structure, but its measurement accuracy It is relatively low, generally only reaching the centimeter level, which is not suitable for high-precision deflection detection of small and medium-sized bridges.
- the present invention proposes a non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on a flexible photoelectric sensor array, which can convert the deflection of a bridge measurement point into the electrical energy change of the flexible photoelectric sensor corresponding to the measurement point and use the electrical signal
- the format output has the characteristics of high accuracy, wide application range, fast response speed, and real-time multi-point sensing.
- a non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on a flexible photoelectric sensor array for real-time measurement of full bridge deflection characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
- a laser light source array is composed of a group of laser light sources with determined wavelengths, the wavelengths of the laser light sources are distributed in an arithmetic sequence, and the laser light source array is irradiated on the flexible photoelectric sensor to obtain the spectrum of the flexible photoelectric sensor Response curve, from which the wavelength-current calibration result is obtained;
- J s is the reverse saturation current of the PN junction
- q is the single electron charge
- k and T are Boltzmann's constant and temperature, respectively
- r is the polar coordinate.
- f( ⁇ ) is the rate at which electron-hole pairs are separated in a lateral unit area
- a flexible photoelectric sensor array composed of a plurality of the flexible photoelectric sensors is fixed on the lower surface of the bridge to be tested with the center of symmetry in the middle of the span, and distributed in a straight line and equidistant from each other, and the laser light source array is arranged on the under test.
- the laser light sources are arranged in a straight line and evenly spaced along the vertical direction according to the order of wavelength from small to large, from high to low, that is, the positions of all the laser sources are determined, and the laser The light rays emitted by the light source array are all parallel.
- the laser light source array emits laser signals, according to the current signal output by the sensor set at the mid-span position O, and according to the wavelength-current calibration result in S1, Determine the wavelength of the laser received by the sensor, and locate the source of the laser signal received by the sensor at the mid-span position O based on the determined laser light source position in S2, and set the position of the light source as B;
- ⁇ Y is the deflection
- ⁇ h is the distance between position B and B'
- H is the distance from position B to the end of the bridge
- ⁇ x is the distance from the point to be measured to the middle of the span
- L is the full bridge length
- the non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on the flexible photoelectric sensor array it is characterized in that the wavelength range of the laser light source array is from 400 nm to 1100 nm, and the wavelength tolerance is 20 nm.
- the non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on the flexible photoelectric sensor array it is characterized in that the back end circuit is set as a digital signal system to perform multi-point, real-time, and automatic measurement.
- the invention is based on a flexible photoelectric sensor array, which converts geometric information when the bridge produces deflection into an electric signal, and establishes the corresponding relationship between the electric signal and the deflection.
- a flexible photoelectric sensor array which converts geometric information when the bridge produces deflection into an electric signal, and establishes the corresponding relationship between the electric signal and the deflection.
- due to the flexibility of the sensor itself it has good ductility and deformability, and can be displaced along with the deflection of the bridge.
- the sensor array is used, compared with the traditional single sensor deflection measurement method, it can ensure that the sensor of each point to be measured receives the laser signal, thereby accurately obtaining deflection information, increasing measurement stability, and reducing data loss.
- the non-contact bridge displacement sensing method based on flexible photoelectric sensor array has the advantages of simple structure, high measurement accuracy, fast response speed, wide application range, real-time multi-point sensing and so on.
- Figure 1 is a spectral response diagram of a flexible photoelectric sensor
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement before and after the deflection of the bridge
- a laser light source array is composed of a group of laser light sources with determined wavelengths.
- the wavelengths of the laser light sources are distributed in an arithmetic sequence, the wavelength range is 400 nm to 1100 nm, and the wavelength tolerance is 20 nm.
- the laser light source array is irradiated on the flexible photoelectric sensor to obtain the spectral response curve of the flexible photoelectric sensor, thereby obtaining the wavelength-current calibration result.
- the theoretical formula is as follows:
- the forward current is divided into two parts, one is the first part that can be obtained according to the forward current of the ideal PN junction:
- J s is the reverse saturation current of the PN junction, which has the form: among them with Are the thermal equilibrium electron and hole concentrations in the P and N regions, respectively; q is the single-electron charge, D n and D p are the diffusion coefficients of electrons and holes, respectively; L n and L p are the diffusion lengths of electrons and holes, respectively ; K and T are Boltzmann's constant and temperature respectively; r is the polar coordinate. It is the potential distribution of the P area. In the formula of the forward current, the potential of the N area can be considered as 0, and the forward photovoltage between the P area and the N area can be directly used instead.
- the second part is the forward current density formed by the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the space charge region:
- f( ⁇ ) is the rate at which electron-hole pairs are separated in a lateral unit area.
- the forward photocurrent and the light wavelength can establish a mapping relationship f( ⁇ ) ⁇ J T.
- a flexible photoelectric sensor array composed of a plurality of the flexible photoelectric sensors is fixed on the lower surface of the bridge to be tested with the mid-span position O as the center of symmetry, and is distributed in a straight line at equal intervals, and the laser
- the light source array is arranged on the end support of the bridge to be tested, and the laser light sources are arranged in a straight line and evenly spaced along the vertical direction according to the order of wavelength from small to large, from high to low, that is, all the laser light sources are The positions are all determined, and the rays of the laser light source array are all parallel.
- the laser light source array emits laser signals. According to the current signal output by the sensor 1 set at the mid-span position O, the wavelength of the laser light received by the sensor is judged according to the calibration result of wavelength-current, and the position is determined according to the determined laser light source position The light source 2 of the laser signal source received by the sensor set at the mid-span position O, set the position of the light source as B.
- the position of the deflection point to be measured is A, and the distance between it and the mid-span position O is known, set as ⁇ x.
- the sensor 3 at position A will synchronously generate displacement and reach the new position, set as A'.
- the sensor 4 in the new position receives a certain laser signal and outputs the corresponding current signal.
- the wavelength of the laser received by the sensor 4 is judged.
- the positioning sensor 4 receives Light source 5 of the laser signal source of, set the position of the light source at this time as B';
- the quadrilateral CA′B′B is a parallelogram from the parallelism of the light emitted by each light source, so:
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Abstract
一种基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，用于实时测量全桥挠度。对柔性光电传感器标定波长-电流关系，由多个柔性光电传感器组成阵列，将柔性光电传感阵列以跨中为对称中心固定在待测桥梁的下表面；将激光光源阵列设置在待测桥梁的端部支座上，所有激光光源位置均确定，且激光光源阵列出射光线均平行。柔性光电传感器接收到激光信号，输出对应的感应电流，根据标定结果定位其光源位置，根据计算公式得到待测点挠度。基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法具有结构简单、测量精度高、响应速度快、应用范围广、实时多测点感知等优点。
Description
本发明涉及用于一种基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法。
桥梁的挠度变形是桥梁健康状况评价的重要参数，是桥梁检测试验和健康监测的重要指标，挠度测试也被广泛地应用于桥梁工程中。桥梁挠度检测主要是对桥跨在恒载和活载情况下的挠度进行测量，因此需要准确进行桥梁静、动态挠度的准确测量。现代桥梁工程中，常采用的梁挠度测量方法主要有百分表测量法、精密水准仪测量法、全站仪测量法、连通管测量法、差分GPS观测法等。百分表测量法是利用齿轮转动机构所检测位置的位移值放大，并将检测的直线往返运动转换成指针的回转转动，以指示其位移数值，该方法设备简单，可进行多点测量，钢弦百分表测量法只能用于测量陆地上或北方冻结水面上的桥梁挠度，在高桥或有水的情况下无法使用，或必须搭建高台。精密水准仪测量法是利用水准仪和水准尺测定两点间高差的方法，由水准原点或任一已知高程点出发，沿选定的水准路线逐站测定各点高程，由其水准尺读数的差值得到其相对挠度，但该方法只能测出相对数值，不能测出绝对数值。全站仪测量法是采用三角高程测量的方法，通过测量两点间的水平距离和竖直角求两点间的高差，这种测量方法简单，不受地形条件限制，但会存在因观测者的观测方式与经验不同带来的观测误差，即使进行静态测量也往往使得数据较为离散，无法做到实时、自动测量。连通管测量法是利用物理学上“连通器中处于同一水平平面上的静止液体的压强相同”的原理，在每个测点位置布置连通管，灌水(或其他有色液体)至标尺位置，当桥梁产生挠度时，水管中的水平液面仍然持平，但每个测点的相对水位会发生变化，通过读取变化值可得到桥梁的挠度，计算简单，且由于全封闭结构，不受桥梁现场高尘、高湿等环境条件影响，但该方法精度较低，只能用于低频或超低频桥梁静挠度检测，且不适用于跨径大、纵坡较大的桥梁。差分GPS观测法在需要的测点安放GPS移动站，通过GPS观测实时获取变形点相对于参考点的位置，可直接反映出测点的空间位置变化从而得到桥梁结构的挠度值，但其测量精度较低，一般只能达到厘米级，对于中小型桥梁的高精度挠度检测不适用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提出一种基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，能够将桥梁测点挠度转化为该测点对应的柔性光电传感器的电能变化并以电信号的形 式输出，具备精度高、应用范围广、响应速度快、实时多测点感知的特点。
一种基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，用于实时测量全桥挠度，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：
S1：由一组波长确定的激光光源组成激光光源阵列，所述的激光光源波长按等差数列分布，将所述的激光光源阵列照射在柔性光电传感器上，得到所述的柔性光电传感器的光谱响应曲线，由此得到波长-电流的标定结果；
其中J
s是PN结的反向饱和电流，q为单电子电量，k和T分别是玻尔兹曼常数和温度；r为极坐标。
是P区的电势分布，f(λ)是侧向单位面积中电子-空穴对被分离的速率；
S2：将由多个所述的柔性光电传感器组成的柔性光电传感器阵列以跨中为对称中心固定在待测桥梁的下表面，且呈直线等间距分布，将所述的激光光源阵列设置在待测桥梁的端部支座上，且所述的激光光源按照波长从小到大的次序，位置从高到低沿竖直方向呈直线等间距分布，即所有所述的激光光源位置均确定，且激光光源阵列出射光线均平行。
S3：设待测桥梁变形前跨中位置为O，激光光源阵列发射激光信号，根据跨中位置O点所设置的传感器输出的电流信号，依据所述的S1中的波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器接收到的激光的波长，依据S2中已确定的激光光源位置，定位跨中位置O点所设置的传感器接收到的激光信号来源的光源，设该光源所在的位置为B；
S4：设挠度待测点的位置为A，其与跨中位置O的距离已知，设为Δx,桥梁产生挠度之后，A位置的传感器同步产生位移，到达新的位置，设为A’，此时接收到某一激光信号，输出对应电流信号，依据所述的S1中的波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器接收到的激光的波长，依据S2中已确定的激光光源位置，定位A点所设置的传感器接收到的激光信号来源的光源，设此时光源所在的位置为B’；
S5：由如下挠度计算公式得到待测点A的挠度：
其中ΔY为挠度，Δh为位置B与B’的间距，H为位置B至桥端的距离，Δx是待测点至跨中的距离，L为全桥长。
进一步地，根据基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，其特征在于，所述的激光光源阵列波长范围由400nm至1100nm，波长公差为20nm。
进一步地，根据基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，其特征在于，后 端电路设置成数字信号系统，进行多点、实时、自动测量。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明基于柔性光电传感阵列，将桥梁产生挠度时的几何信息转化为电信号，建立起电信号与挠度之间的对应关系。同时由于传感器自身的柔性，具有较好的延展性与变性能力，能够随着桥梁产生挠度而一同发生位移。且由于使用了传感阵列，相比于传统单个传感器的挠度测量方法，能确保每个待测点的传感器均接收到激光信号，从而精确获得挠度信息，增加测量稳定性，减少数据丢失。相比其他传统挠度测量装置来说，基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法具有结构简单、测量精度高、响应速度快、应用范围广、实时多测点感知等优点。
图1是柔性光电传感器的光谱响应图；
图2是桥梁产生挠度前后的测量示意图；
图中标号：跨中传感器1、对应光源2、测点传感器3；桥梁产生挠度后的测点传感器4；对应光源5；
下面根据附图和优选实施例详细描述本发明，本发明的目的和效果将变得更加明白。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
由图1所示，由一组波长确定的激光光源组成激光光源阵列，所述的激光光源波长按等差数列分布，取波长范围为400nm至1100nm，波长公差为20nm。将所述的激光光源阵列照射在柔性光电传感器上，得到所述的柔性光电传感器的光谱响应曲线，由此得到波长-电流的标定结果。其理论公式如下：
正向电流分为两个部分，一是根据理想PN结的正向电流可以得到的第一部分：
其中J
s是PN结的反向饱和电流，它具有形式：
其中
和
分别是P区和N区的热平衡电子和空穴浓度；q为单电子电量，D
n和D
p分别是电子和空穴的扩散系数；L
n和L
p分别是电子和空穴的扩散长度；k和T分别是玻尔兹曼常数和温度；r为极坐标。
是P区的电势分布，在正向电流的公式中可认为N区的电势为0，则P区和N区之间的正向光电压可直接用
代替。
第二部分是光生电子空穴对在空间电荷区被分离形成的正向电流密度：
其中f(λ)是侧向单位面积中电子-空穴对被分离的速率。
则总的正向光电流为：
则正向光电流与光波长可建立映射关系f(λ)→J
T。
如图2所示，将由多个所述的柔性光电传感器组成的柔性光电传感器阵列以跨中位置O为对称中心固定在待测桥梁的下表面，且呈直线等间距分布，将所述的激光光源阵列设置在待测桥梁的端部支座上，且所述的激光光源按照波长从小到大的次序，位置从高到低沿竖直方向呈直线等间距分布，即所有所述的激光光源位置均确定，且激光光源阵列出射光线均平行。
激光光源阵列发射激光信号，根据跨中位置O点所设置的传感器1输出的电流信号，依据波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器接收到的激光的波长，依据已确定的激光光源位置，定位跨中位置O点所设置的传感器接收到的激光信号来源的光源2，设该光源所在的位置为B。
设挠度待测点的位置为A，其与跨中位置O的距离已知，设为Δx,桥梁产生挠度之后，A位置的传感器3同步产生位移，到达新的位置，设为A’，此时新位置的传感器4接收到某一激光信号，输出对应电流信号，依据波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器4接收到的激光的波长，依据已确定的激光光源位置，定位传感器4接收到的激光信号来源的光源5，设此时光源所在的位置为B’；
在ΔOPB中，OP长度已知为半桥长L/2，B点位置已知，BP长度为H，则可得：
在ΔOAC中，OA长度已知为Δx，则可得AC长度Δy为：
B’点位置已知，则BB’长度已知，设为Δh。由各光源出射光线平行可知四边形CA′B′B为平行四边形，故可得：
ΔH＝Δh (6)
由图2可知该测点总挠度为AA′，则综合(4)-(6)式，可知：
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，以上所述仅为发明的优选实例而已，并不用于限制发明，尽管参照前述实例对发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实例记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在发明的精神和原则之内，所做的修改、等同替换等均应包含在发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
- 一种基于柔性光电传感阵列的非接触式桥梁位移感知方法，用于实时测量全桥挠度，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：S1：由一组波长确定的激光光源组成激光光源阵列，所述的激光光源波长按等差数列分布，将所述的激光光源阵列照射在柔性光电传感器上，得到所述的柔性光电传感器的光谱响应曲线，由此得到波长-电流的标定结果；
其中J s是PN结的反向饱和电流，q为单电子电量，k和T分别是玻尔兹曼常数和温度；r为极坐标；是P区的电势分布，f(λ)是侧向单位面积中电子-空穴对被分离的速率；
S2：将由多个所述的柔性光电传感器组成的柔性光电传感器阵列以跨中为对称中心固定在待测桥梁的下表面，且呈直线等间距分布，将所述的激光光源阵列设置在待测桥梁的端部支座上，且所述的激光光源按照波长从小到大的次序，位置从高到低沿竖直方向呈直线等间距分布，即所有所述的激光光源位置均确定，且激光光源阵列出射光线均平行；S3：设待测桥梁变形前跨中位置为O，激光光源阵列发射激光信号，根据跨中位置O点所设置的传感器输出的电流信号，依据所述的S1中的波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器接收到的激光的波长，依据S2中已确定的激光光源位置，定位跨中位置O点所设置的传感器接收到的激光信号来源的光源，设该光源所在的位置为B；S4：设挠度待测点的位置为A，其与跨中位置O的距离已知，设为Δx,桥梁产生挠度之后，A位置的传感器同步产生位移，到达新的位置，设为A’，此时接收到某一激光信号，输出对应电流信号，依据所述的S1中的波长-电流的标定结果，判断该传感器接收到的激光的波长，依据S2中已确定的激光光源位置，定位此时位于A’点的传感器接收到的激光信号来源的光源，设此时光源所在的位置为B’；S5：由如下挠度计算公式得到待测点A的挠度：
其中ΔY为挠度，Δh为位置B与B’的间距，H为位置B至桥端的距离，Δx是待测点至跨中的距离，L为全桥长；所述的激光光源阵列波长范围由400nm至1100nm，波长公差为20nm；后端电路设置成数字信号系统，进行多点、实时、自动测量。
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