WO2021135308A1 - 岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置及岩石压裂模拟设备 - Google Patents

岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置及岩石压裂模拟设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135308A1
WO2021135308A1 PCT/CN2020/111474 CN2020111474W WO2021135308A1 WO 2021135308 A1 WO2021135308 A1 WO 2021135308A1 CN 2020111474 W CN2020111474 W CN 2020111474W WO 2021135308 A1 WO2021135308 A1 WO 2021135308A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover plate
core sample
fracturing simulation
rock fracturing
loading device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/111474
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张金川
王锡伟
李中明
李沛
陈世敬
刘飏
魏晓亮
Original Assignee
中国地质大学（北京）
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国地质大学（北京） filed Critical 中国地质大学（北京）
Publication of WO2021135308A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135308A1/zh
Priority to US17/386,360 priority Critical patent/US11828734B2/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture

Definitions

  • the application belongs to the field of rock fracturing physical simulation technology, and more specifically, relates to a loading device and rock fracturing simulation equipment for rock fracturing simulation.
  • the physical simulation of rock fracturing is a method of artificially increasing the internal pressure of the rock sample indoors to study the fracturability of the rock and the mechanism of fracture propagation.
  • the samples are basically man-made (cement material, etc.) specimens, cube samples, and outcrop samples.
  • cement material etc.
  • the actual drilling cores or artificial core samples are rarely considered, and the actual drilling cylindrical cores are irreplaceable and can best reflect the actual formation conditions and rock properties.
  • the sample loading device of the common fracturing simulation or mechanical test device on the market is integrated with the whole machine, and most of them are not adjustable. They are usually limited to fixed-size sample loading, which cannot be separated from the whole machine, is not easy to clean, is inconvenient to use, and simulates pressure.
  • the monitoring sensor used in the cracking process cannot be fitted to the core sample, resulting in distortion of the monitoring data.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a loading device for rock fracturing simulation, which aims to solve or at least improve the existing loading device for rock fracturing simulation to be unable to adapt to different outer diameter size rock sample loading and monitoring sensors. It is also unable to achieve the technical problem of bonding with the core sample.
  • a loading device for rock fracturing simulation including:
  • the upper cover plate is used to set above the core sample
  • the lower cover plate is used to set under the core sample
  • lateral pressure members which are used to be arranged on the outer circumference of the core sample, and the lateral pressure members are provided with a force application surface for transmitting radial force to the core sample;
  • the top pillar of the acoustic measuring model is in sliding fit with the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate to transmit axial force to the core sample;
  • the upper cover plate, the lower cover plate, and the lateral pressure member are enclosed to form a loading space for placing the core sample, and the lateral pressure member is also used for paralleling along the radial direction of the core sample. Sliding relative to the upper cover or the lower cover;
  • At least one sensor jack for the sensor to pass through and fit with the outer periphery of the core sample is provided on the lateral pressure member.
  • the upper cover plate is provided with a plurality of upper sliding holes for setting along the radial direction of the core sample
  • the lower cover plate is provided with a number of lower sliding holes for setting along the radial direction of the core sample.
  • the upper sliding holes, each of the lower holes, and each of the lateral pressure members are in one-to-one correspondence;
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation also includes a number of threaded tightening components, each of the threaded tightening components corresponds to each of the lateral pressure members one-to-one, and the upper part of the lateral pressure member is provided with An upper threaded hole, a lower threaded hole is provided at the lower part of the lateral pressure member, and the threaded tightening component includes an upper threaded tightening member slidably arranged in the upper sliding hole and threadedly connected with the upper threaded hole And a lower threaded tightening member slidably arranged in the lower hole and threadedly connected with the lower threaded hole.
  • the lateral pressing member is a column structure
  • the column structure has a side surface group, an upper end surface and a lower end surface
  • the side surface group includes two vertically arranged and connected side surfaces and the force application surface , The two sides of the force application surface are respectively connected with the two side surfaces.
  • an upper boss is provided on the upper end surface
  • a lower boss is provided on the lower end surface
  • the upper threaded hole is provided on the upper boss
  • the lower threaded hole is provided on the lower boss.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation further includes a plurality of sensor fixing parts, the sensor fixing part is installed on the lateral pressure part, and the sensor fixing part has at least one sensor for engaging with the sensor.
  • the card slots each of the card slots corresponds to each of the sensor jacks in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the sensor fixing member includes a fixing plate, a plurality of elastic extension plates fixed on the fixing plate, and a plurality of abutting members for abutting against the outer circumference of the core sample, and each abutting member Are respectively installed on the corresponding elastic extension plates; the card slot is arranged between two adjacent elastic extension plates.
  • the abutting member is a spring.
  • the acoustic measuring model top column includes a guide column and a pressure column arranged at one end of the guide column and located between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate, and the lower cover plate is provided with a pressure column.
  • the lower part of the lower cover plate is fixedly provided with a guide cylinder, the guide post is located in the guide cylinder and can slide up and down in the guide cylinder; the outer periphery of the guide cylinder is provided with at least one guide cylinder threaded hole, so
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation also includes a guide post positioning bolt threadedly connected to the guide cylinder threaded hole and used for abutting and positioning the guide post.
  • the force application surface is an arc-shaped surface.
  • the present application also provides a rock fracturing simulation equipment, including the aforementioned loading device for rock fracturing simulation.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation of the present application is provided with a lateral pressure member that can slide relative to the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate, so that the loading device for rock fracturing simulation of the present application can respond to different outer diameters.
  • the cylindrical core sample is subjected to simulation loading test, and the loading device for rock fracturing simulation of this application can be independent of the rock fracturing simulation equipment, which is convenient for loading and taking out the core sample, and is also convenient for cleaning;
  • the pressure piece is provided with a sensor jack, which solves the problem that the sensor cannot be attached to the outer periphery of the core sample.
  • the rock fracturing simulation equipment of the present application is provided with a lateral pressure member that can slide with respect to the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate, so that the loading device for rock fracturing simulation of the present application can deal with cylindrical shapes with different outer diameters.
  • the core sample is subjected to a simulation loading test, and the loading device for rock fracturing simulation of the present application can be independent of the rock fracturing simulation equipment, which is convenient for loading and taking out the core sample, and also for cleaning; in addition, on the lateral pressure part
  • the opening of the sensor jack solves the problem that the sensor cannot be attached to the outer circumference of the core sample.
  • Figure 1 is one of the schematic diagrams of a loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 2 is the second schematic diagram of the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by an embodiment of the application after removing a lateral pressure member and the corresponding upper and lower thread tightening members;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the lateral pressing member and the sensor fixing member in Fig. 1 matching;
  • Fig. 5 is one of the schematic diagrams of the lateral pressing member in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is the second schematic diagram of the lateral pressing member in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sensor fixing member in Fig. 4.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • plurality and “several” mean two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation is detachably installed and placed in the core chamber, and includes an upper cover plate 100, a lower cover plate 200, a lateral pressure member 300, and an acoustic model top pillar 400.
  • the loading device provided in this embodiment is mainly used to load a cylindrical core sample.
  • the upper cover plate 100, the lower cover plate 200 and the lateral pressure members 300 are enclosed to form a core for placing the core The loading space of the specimen.
  • the upper cover plate 100 is arranged above the core sample, and the lower cover plate 200 is arranged below the core sample.
  • the upper cover plate 100 and the lower cover plate 200 may be in abutting relationship with the lateral pressure member 300. It may be other cooperative relationship.
  • the lateral pressure member 300 can slide along the radial direction of the core sample and relative to the upper cover plate 100 or the lower cover plate 200, while the lateral pressure member 300 is used to transmit radial force to the core sample (the outer circumference) The force application surface 310.
  • the acoustic measuring mold top column 400 is used to slidably fit the upper cover plate 100 or the lower cover plate 100 up and down, so that the acoustic measuring mold top column 400 can transmit axial force to the core sample by moving up and down.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the present application is applied to a rock fracturing simulation device.
  • the rock fracturing simulation device includes a main frame, an axial pressure mechanism, a radial pressure mechanism, and an annular confining pressure mechanism.
  • the main frame is provided with a rock sample chamber, and the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the present application is placed in the rock sample chamber after the core sample is loaded.
  • the rock sample chamber itself is a placement space.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiments of this application can be easily placed and taken out. It is an independent structure and can be separated from the rock fracturing simulation equipment. It is suitable for loading and taking out the core sample, and it is easy to clean at the same time.
  • the power output end of the axial pressure mechanism is connected to or abuts against the top post 400 of the acoustic mold to generate the axial force for loading; the radial pressure mechanism is used to generate horizontal radial force, and the ring-shaped confining mechanism and the diameter Connect to the power output end of the pressing mechanism and apply a force along the radial direction of the core sample to each lateral pressing member 300.
  • the structure and use method of the main frame, the axial pressure mechanism, the radial pressure mechanism, and the annular confining pressure mechanism of the rock fracturing simulation equipment are all the prior art, and will not be repeated here.
  • the force application surface 310 can load core samples of different outer diameters with radial force, and the force application surface 310 can be a V-shaped groove surface, a flat surface or an arc surface.
  • the lateral pressure member 300 can slide relative to the radial direction along the core sample and relative to the upper cover plate 100 or the lower cover plate 200 (that is, the core sample), so the rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the present application is used
  • the loading device can load radial force on core samples of various specifications (outer diameter).
  • the lateral pressure member 300 is provided with at least one sensor insertion hole 350 for the sensor to pass through and to be attached to the outer periphery of the core sample. Since the simulated fracturing process requires real-time bonding monitoring of strain sensors, acoustic sensors, etc., a sensor jack 350 is provided on the lateral pressurizing member 300.
  • the sensor jack 350 is a through hole that penetrates the lateral pressurizing member 300 for easy access
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the application is provided with a lateral pressure member that can slide relative to the upper cover or the lower cover, so that the rock provided by the embodiment of the application is
  • the loading device for fracturing simulation can perform simulation loading tests on cylindrical core samples with different outer diameters.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided in the embodiments of this application can be independent of rock fracturing simulation equipment, which is convenient for cores.
  • the loading and taking out of the sample is also easy to clean; in addition, a sensor hole is opened on the lateral pressure part, which solves the problem that the sensor cannot be attached to the outer periphery of the core sample.
  • the upper cover plate 100 is provided with a number of upper sliding holes for setting radially along the core sample 110.
  • the lower cover 200 is provided with a number of lower holes 210 for setting radially along the core sample.
  • Each upper sliding hole 110, each lower hole 210, and each lateral pressing member 300 respectively correspond one-to-one, that is, one lateral pressing member 300 corresponds to an upper upper sliding hole 110 and a lower lower hole 210 respectively.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the application further includes a number of threaded tightening components.
  • each set of threaded tightening components respectively corresponds to one of the lateral pressurizing parts 300, and each set of threaded tightening components is also respectively associated with one of the upper sliding holes 110 and one of the lower holes 210 respectively.
  • An upper threaded hole 3311 is provided on the upper part of the lateral pressure member 300, and a lower threaded hole 3411 is provided on the lower part of the lateral pressure member 300.
  • Each threaded tightening component includes an upper threaded tightening member 500 slidably arranged in the corresponding upper sliding hole 110 and threadedly connected to the upper threaded hole 3311 of the corresponding lateral pressure member 300, and slidably arranged in the corresponding lower hole 210 and corresponding to the upper threaded hole 3311.
  • the lower threaded tightening member 800 is threadedly connected to the lower threaded hole 3411 of the lateral pressure member 300.
  • the core sample when the core sample is loaded, the core sample can be first placed on the approximate center of the lower cover 200, and then the lateral pressure components 300 The lower part is abutted and placed on the lower cover 200, and the upper cover 100 is abutted and placed on the upper part of the lateral pressing member 300.
  • each lateral pressure member 300 is positioned and the connection between the lateral pressure member 300 and the upper cover plate 100 and the lower cover plate 200 is completed, that is, the rock fracturing simulation tool provided by the embodiment of the application is assembled. It also positions and loads the core sample to be tested into the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the application.
  • each lateral pressure member 300 will move along the radial direction of the core sample and toward the central axis of the core sample.
  • the upper threaded tightening member 500 Sliding in the upper sliding hole 110, the lower threaded tightening member 800 sliding in the lower hole 210, the cooperation of the upper threaded tightening member 500 and the upper sliding hole 110 and the cooperation of the lower threaded tightening member 800 and the lower hole 210 are equivalent to It plays a certain guiding role for the movement of the lateral pressure member 300.
  • the upper threaded tightening member 500 and the lower threaded tightening member 800 may be bolts or screws, respectively.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes a number of sensor fixings.
  • the sensor fixing member 600 is installed on the lateral pressing member 300.
  • One lateral pressing member 300 may be equipped with one sensor fixing member 600, or multiple sensor fixing members 600 may be installed.
  • the sensor fixing member 600 has at least one card slot 640 for the sensor to be clamped and installed, and one card slot 640 corresponds to one sensor jack 350 in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the sensor is fixed on the sensor fixing member 600 by clamping, and the fixed sensor passes through the corresponding sensor jack 350 and is attached to the rock sample.
  • the sensor fixing member 600 includes a fixing plate 610, and a plurality of elastics fixed on the fixing plate 610
  • the slot 640 is disposed between two adjacent elastic extension plates 620.
  • the fixed plate 610 is the main body of the sensor fixing member 600.
  • the fixed plate 610 is also a thin plate structure.
  • the elastic extension plate 620 is a long plate arranged on the fixed plate 610.
  • the elastic extension plate 620 has a certain degree of flexibility or elasticity.
  • the extension plate 620 can be bent and elastically deformed relative to the fixed plate 610. Between two adjacent elastic extension plates 620 is a slot 640 for engaging and installing the sensor.
  • the card slot 640 is correspondingly set on the outside of the sensor jack 350 Relative to the outside, at the same time, one end of the abutting member 630 on the elastically extending plate 620 extends into the sensor insertion hole 350 and abuts against the outer periphery of the core sample.
  • the operator clamps the sensor in the clamping slot 640, and the setting position of the elastic extension plate 620 can ensure that the clamped sensor is attached to the outer periphery of the core sample.
  • the core sample may crack. If the monitoring sensor closely attached to the core sample is fixed on the lateral pressure member 300 or fixed on the lateral pressure member 300 and Between the core samples, the bursting impact force of the core sample may directly destroy the expensive sensor. In order to avoid this problem, the above-mentioned sensor fixing member 600 structure is specially provided. The sensor is clamped and fixed between two adjacent elastic extension plates 620. When the core sample does not crack, the sensor is always attached to the outer periphery of the core sample, and when the core sample is cracked, it abuts The piece 630 will then be moved away from the center of the core sample by the core sample.
  • the elastic extension plate 620 can be bent and elastically deformed relative to the fixed plate 610, the elastic extension plate 620 and the sensor follow The abutting piece 630 moves to the outside at the same time, so as to prevent the sensor from being broken by the core sample.
  • the fixed plate 610 is threadedly connected with the lateral pressure member 300.
  • the fixing plate 610 is provided with a fixing plate through hole
  • the lateral pressing member 300 is provided with a fixing plate threaded hole 321.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a fixing plate bolt 900, The screw rod of the fixing plate bolt 900 passes through the fixing plate through hole and is threadedly connected with the fixing plate threaded hole 321 to fix the fixing plate 610.
  • the abutting member 630 is a spring. One end of the spring is connected with the elastic extension plate 620, and the other end is used to abut against the core sample.
  • the spring is compressible. Because there may be slight vibration or jitter in the simulated fracturing test, the spring can buffer part of the vibration and jitter to protect the sensor.
  • the elastic modulus of the spring is greater than the elastic modulus of the elastic extension plate 620, that is, the stiffness of the spring is smaller than that of the elastic extension plate 620.
  • the lateral pressure member 300 has four, and the four lateral pressure members 3 are used to surround the core The circumferential direction of the sample is evenly set.
  • the lateral pressure member 300 is a column structure, which is similar to a "cut angle of a rectangular parallelepiped" Structure", the lateral pressure member 300 has a side surface group, an upper end surface 330 and a lower end surface 340.
  • the side surface group includes two vertically arranged and connected side surfaces 320 and a force application surface 310.
  • the two sides of the force application surface 310 are connected to the two sides respectively.
  • the sides 320 are connected.
  • two side surfaces 320 are respectively provided with three sensor jacks 350 arranged at intervals in a row.
  • a sensor fixing member 600 is respectively installed on two side surfaces of a lateral pressing member 300, and the sensor fixing member 600 is correspondingly provided with three clamping slots 640, and one clamping slot 640 is used to correspond to a sensor jack 350.
  • the upper end surface 330 of the lateral pressure member 300 is provided with an upper boss 331 and a lower end surface 340
  • a lower boss 341 is provided, the upper threaded hole 3311 is provided on the upper boss 331, and the lower threaded hole 3411 is provided on the lower boss 341.
  • the upper boss 331 is used to abut the lower surface of the upper cover 100, and the lower boss 341 is used to abut the upper surface of the lower cover 200.
  • the upper surface area of the upper boss 331 is smaller than the upper end surface 330.
  • the lower surface area of the lower boss 341 is smaller than the lower surface area of the lower end surface 340, so that when the lateral pressing member 300 moves relative to the upper cover 100 or the lower cover 200, the lateral pressing member can be reduced The sliding friction force between 300 and the upper cover 100 or the lower cover 200.
  • the acoustic model top column 400 includes a guide column 410 and a pressure column 420 arranged at one end of the guide column 410, and a lower cover plate A guide hole for the guide post 410 to pass through is provided on the 200.
  • the pressure column 420 is arranged between the upper cover plate 100 and the lower cover plate 200, and is used to apply axial force to the core sample.
  • the guide column 410 is used to connect with the power output end of the axial pressure mechanism.
  • the guide column 410 is used for guiding Slide up and down in the hole.
  • a guide cylinder 220 is fixed at the lower part of the lower cover 200, and the guide post 410 is located in the guide cylinder 220 and It can slide up and down in the guide tube 220.
  • the guide cylinder 220 can provide a better guiding effect on the up and down movement of the guide post 410.
  • the loading device for crack simulation also includes a guide post positioning bolt 700 threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the guide cylinder and used for abutting the positioning guide post 410. There is a gap between the guide post 410 and the guide cylinder 220 and the guide hole.
  • the guide post positioning bolt 700 By setting the guide post positioning bolt 700, the position of the guide post 410 in the guide cylinder 220 and the guide hole can be adjusted to facilitate adjustment and make the central axis of the pressure post 420 and The central axis of the core sample roughly coincides.
  • the guide post locating bolt 700 can also use abutment to pre-fix the guide post 410 on the lower cover 200, so as to facilitate the subsequent connection operation between the guide post 410 and the power output end of the axial pressing mechanism.
  • the upper cover plate 100 is also provided with an upper via 120 to facilitate the fracturing simulation test, Pour fracturing fluid into the process hole of the core sample.
  • the force application surface is an arc surface 310.
  • the curved surface 310 can provide surface contact with cylindrical core samples of suitable sizes, and provide line contact with cylindrical core samples of unsuitable sizes.
  • the curved surface 310 can be cylindrical core samples of various specifications and sizes. The sample provides the axial force required to simulate fracturing.
  • the application also provides a rock fracturing simulation equipment, including the loading device for rock fracturing simulation in the above-mentioned embodiment.
  • the rock fracturing simulation equipment provided by the embodiments of the present application has a loading device independent of the main frame, which facilitates the loading and removal of core samples, and is also convenient for cleaning.
  • it is a loading device for rock fracturing simulation.
  • the device is equipped with a lateral pressure piece that can slide relative to the upper cover plate or the lower cover plate, so that the device can perform simulated loading tests on cylindrical core samples with different outer diameters.
  • a sensor jack is provided on the lateral pressure member, which solves the problem that the sensor cannot be attached to the outer periphery of the core sample.
  • the rock fracturing simulation equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application further includes a main body frame, an axial pressure mechanism, a radial pressure mechanism, and an annular confining pressure mechanism .
  • the axial pressure mechanism, the radial pressure mechanism and the annular confining pressure mechanism are all installed on the main frame.
  • the main frame is equipped with a rock sample chamber.
  • the loading device for rock fracturing simulation is placed on the rock after loading the core sample. Sample room.

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Abstract

一种岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置及岩石压裂模拟设备，适用于岩石压裂物理模拟技术领域。岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置包括上盖板（100）、下盖板（200）、侧向加压件（300）及声测模顶柱（400）。侧向加压件（300）具有至少两个，设有用于对岩心试样传递径向力的施力面（310）。上盖板（100）、下盖板（200）以及侧向加压件（300）围合形成用于放置岩心试样的加载空间，侧向加压件（300）能够沿岩心试样的径向并相对于上盖板（100）或下盖板（200）滑动。侧向加压件（300）上设有用于供传感器穿过并与岩心试样的外周贴合的传感器插孔（350）。该岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够对不同外径尺寸的圆柱型岩心试样进行模拟加载试验，同时能够独立于岩石压裂模拟设备；在侧向加压件（300）上开设传感器插孔（350），解决传感器不能与岩心试样贴合的问题。

Description

岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置及岩石压裂模拟设备
本专利申请要求于2019年12月31日提交的中国专利申请No.CN201911409246.3的优先权。在先申请的公开内容通过整体引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请属于岩石压裂物理模拟技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置及岩石压裂模拟设备。
 背景技术
近年来如页岩气等非常规油气开发进程加快，与常规油气储层相比，非常规油气储层通常更加致密、孔隙结构更加复杂，低孔低渗特性导致油气产出更加困难，最终制约油气采收率和开采效率。目前业界主要通过压裂改造的技术实现储层的造缝增渗，进而获得非常规油气井的高效开发。压裂技术已在煤层气、致密气、页岩气等领域得到广泛应用，而储层岩石的可压裂性被公认为是评价非常规油气藏开发价值的一个重要指标。因此，如何全方位、真实准确地模拟岩石储层的压裂过程，获得有效裂缝参数，综合评价压裂效果是当前非常规油气储层地质和开发技术评价的关键。
岩石压裂物理模拟是在室内通过人工增大岩石样品内部压力，从而对岩石的可压裂性、裂缝产生延展机制进行研究的一种方法。
现有的岩石压裂模拟或力学参数测试装置（单轴、真/假三轴等）进行压裂模拟测试时，样品基本以人造（水泥材质等）试件、立方块样、野外露头样为主，很少考虑实际钻井岩心或人造岩心样，而实际钻井的圆柱状岩心具有不可替代性，最能反映实际地层条件和岩石性质。此外，目前市场上常见的压裂模拟或力学测试装置样品加载装置是与整机一体，大多不可调节，通常仅限于固定尺寸样品装载，无法脱离整机，不易于清洗，使用不便，而且模拟压裂过程中使用的监测传感器也无法实现与岩心试样的贴合，从而造成监测数据失真。
由此可见，目前现存的岩石压裂或力学参数测试用的加载装置在具体细节设计上仍然存在一定缺陷，如何针对多样化（不同外径尺寸）的岩石样品，在尽可能贴近实际岩心的基础上，改进岩石样品的加载装置是目前提升岩石压裂模拟装置性能以及助推油气储层改造工艺的重要研究内容。
 技术问题
本申请的目的在于提供一种岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，旨在解决或者至少在一定程度上改善现有的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置无法适应不同外径尺寸岩样加载和监测传感器也无法实现与岩心试样的贴合的技术问题。
 技术解决方案
本申请采用的技术方案是：一种岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，包括：
上盖板，用于设置在岩心试样的上方；
下盖板，用于设置在岩心试样的下方；
侧向加压件，具有至少两个，用于设置在岩心试样的外周，所述侧向加压件设有用于对岩心试样传递径向力的施力面；以及
声测模顶柱，与所述上盖板或者所述下盖板上下滑动配合，用于对岩心试样传递轴向力；
所述上盖板、所述下盖板以及所述侧向加压件围合形成用于放置岩心试样的加载空间，所述侧向加压件还用于沿岩心试样的径向并相对于所述上盖板或所述下盖板滑动；
所述侧向加压件上设有至少一个用于供传感器穿过并与岩心试样的外周贴合的传感器插孔。
进一步地，所述上盖板设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的上滑孔，所述下盖板设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的下滑孔，各所述上滑孔、各所述下滑孔和各所述侧向加压件分别一一对应；
所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干螺纹旋紧组件，各所述螺纹旋紧组件分别与各所述侧向加压件一一对应，所述侧向加压件的上部设有上螺纹孔，所述侧向加压件的下部设有下螺纹孔，所述螺纹旋紧组件包括滑动设置于所述上滑孔内并与所述上螺纹孔螺纹连接的上螺纹旋紧件以及滑动设置于所述下滑孔内并与所述下螺纹孔螺纹连接的下螺纹旋紧件。
进一步地，所述侧向加压件为柱体结构，所述柱体结构具有侧面组、上端面以及下端面，所述侧面组包括垂直设置且相接的两个侧面以及所述施力面，所述施力面的两侧分别与两所述侧面相接。
进一步地，所述上端面上设有上凸台，所述下端面上设有下凸台，所述上螺纹孔设置于所述上凸台上，所述下螺纹孔设置于所述下凸台上。
进一步地，所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干传感器固定件，所述传感器固定件安装于所述侧向加压件上，所述传感器固定件具有至少一个用于卡合传感器的卡槽，各所述卡槽分别与各所述传感器插孔一一对应。
进一步地，所述传感器固定件包括固定板、固设于所述固定板上的若干弹性伸出板以及若干用于与岩心试样的外周抵接的抵接件，且各所述抵接件分别安装于对应的所述弹性伸出板上；所述卡槽设置于两相邻所述弹性伸出板之间。
进一步地，所述抵接件为弹簧。
进一步地，所述声测模顶柱包括导向柱以及设置于所述导向柱一端并位于所述上盖板和所述下盖板之间的压柱，所述下盖板上设有供所述导向柱穿过的导向孔；
所述下盖板的下部固设有导向筒，所述导向柱位于所述导向筒内并能够在所述导向筒内上下滑动；所述导向筒的外周设有至少一个导向筒螺纹孔，所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括与所述导向筒螺纹孔螺纹连接并用于抵接定位所述导向柱的导向柱定位螺栓。
进一步地，所述施力面为弧形面。
本申请还提供一种岩石压裂模拟设备，包括上述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置。
 有益效果
本申请的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，通过设置能够相对于上盖板或者下盖板滑动的侧向加压件，使得本申请的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够对不同外径尺寸的圆柱型岩心试样进行模拟加载试验，同时本申请的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够独立于岩石压裂模拟设备，便于岩心试样的装载和取出，也便于清洗；此外在侧向加压件上开设传感器插孔，解决了传感器不能与岩心试样外周贴合的问题。
本申请的岩石压裂模拟设备，通过设置能够相对于上盖板或者下盖板滑动的侧向加压件，使得本申请的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够对不同外径尺寸的圆柱型岩心试样进行模拟加载试验，同时本申请的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够独立于岩石压裂模拟设备，便于岩心试样的装载和取出，也便于清洗；此外在侧向加压件上开设传感器插孔，解决了传感器不能与岩心试样外周贴合的问题。
 附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的示意图之一；
图2为本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的示意图之二；
图3为本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置在去除一个侧向加压件及对应的上螺纹旋紧件和下螺纹旋紧件后的示意图；
图4为图1中侧向加压件与传感器固定件配合的示意图；
图5为图4中侧向加压件的示意图之一；
图6为图4中侧向加压件的示意图之二；
图7为图4中传感器固定件的示意图。
图中：100、上盖板；110、上滑孔；120、上过孔；200、下盖板；210、下滑孔；220、导向筒；300、侧向加压件；310、施力面；320、侧面；321、固定板螺纹孔；330、上端面；331、上凸台；3311、上螺纹孔；340、下端面；341、下凸台；3411、下螺纹孔；350、传感器插孔；400、声测模顶柱；410、导向柱；420、压柱；500、上螺纹旋紧件；600、传感器固定件；610、固定板；620、弹性伸出板；630、抵接件；700、导向柱定位螺栓；800、下螺纹旋紧件；900、固定板螺栓。
本申请的实施方式
为了使本申请所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，术语“长度”、“宽度”、“高度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“头”、“尾”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”、“设置”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。此外，“多个”、“若干”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
请参见图1至图6，现对本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的实施例进行说明。所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，可拆卸地安装放置于岩心室，包括上盖板100、下盖板200、侧向加压件300以及声测模顶柱400。
本实施例提供的加载装置主要用于对圆柱型岩心试样进行作用力加载。侧向加压件300具有至少两个，其用于（包绕）设置在岩心试样的圆周外周，上盖板100、下盖板200以及侧向加压件300围合形成用于放置岩心试样的加载空间。
具体地，上盖板100设置在岩心试样的上方，下盖板200设置在岩心试样的下方，上盖板100和下盖板200与侧向加压件300中间可能是抵接关系也可能是其他配合关系。侧向加压件300能够沿岩心试样的径向并相对于上盖板100或下盖板200滑动，同时侧向加压件300具有用于对岩心试样（的外周）传递径向力的施力面310。声测模顶柱400则用于与上盖板100或者下盖板100上下滑动配合，这样，声测模顶柱400通过上下移动能够对岩心试样传递轴向力。
本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置应用在岩石压裂模拟设备中，岩石压裂模拟设备包括主体框架、轴向加压机构、径向加压机构以及环状围压机构。主体框架设有岩样室，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置在装载岩心试样后就放置在岩样室内。岩样室自身是一个放置空间，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置可以简便地实现放置也取出，其自身是一个独立的结构，并能够脱离于岩石压裂模拟设备，以便于岩心试样的装载和取出，同时便于清洗。
轴向加压机构的动力输出端与声测模顶柱400相连或抵接，以产生加载用的轴向力；径向加压机构用于产生水平径向力，环状围压机构与径向加压机构的动力输出端连接并对各侧向加压件300施加沿岩心试样径向的作用力。岩石压裂模拟设备的主体框架、轴向加压机构、径向加压机构以及环状围压机构的结构和使用方法均为现有技术，在此不再赘述。
由于侧向加压件300具有施力面310，该施力面310可以对不同外径尺寸的岩心试样进行径向力加载，施力面310可以V型槽面、平面或者弧形面。并且侧向加压件300能够相对于沿岩心试样的径向并相对于上盖板100或下盖板200（即岩心试样）滑动，所以本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够对多种规格（外径尺寸）的岩心试样进行径向作用力的加载。
此外，侧向加压件300上设有至少一个用于供传感器穿过并与岩心试样的外周贴合的传感器插孔350。由于模拟压裂过程需要应变传感器、声学传感器等实时贴合监控，所以在侧向加压件300上开设传感器插孔350，传感器插孔350是贯穿侧向加压件300的过孔，便于在组装好本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置后，在从装置的外侧安装能够与岩心试样贴合的各传感器。通过在侧向加压件300上设置传感器插孔350，就解决了传感器因为可能与侧向加压件300干涉而不能与岩心试样的外周贴合的问题。
本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，与现有技术相比，通过设置能够相对于上盖板或者下盖板滑动的侧向加压件，使得本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够对不同外径尺寸的圆柱型岩心试样进行模拟加载试验，同时本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置能够独立于岩石压裂模拟设备，便于岩心试样的装载和取出，也便于清洗；此外在侧向加压件上开设传感器插孔，解决了传感器不能与岩心试样外周贴合的问题。
请参见图1至图6，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，上盖板100上设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的上滑孔110，下盖板200上设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的下滑孔210。各上滑孔110、各下滑孔210和各侧向加压件300分别一一对应，即一个侧向加压件300分别与上方的一个上滑孔110和下方的一个下滑孔210对应。
本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干螺纹旋紧组件。同样的，每一组螺纹旋紧组件分别与其中一个侧向加压件300一一对应，同时每一组螺纹旋紧组件也分别与其中一个上滑孔110和其中一个下滑孔210分别一一对应。侧向加压件300的上部设有上螺纹孔3311，侧向加压件300的下部设有下螺纹孔3411。
各螺纹旋紧组件包括滑动设置于对应上滑孔110内并与对应侧向加压件300的上螺纹孔3311螺纹连接的上螺纹旋紧件500以及滑动设置于对应下滑孔210内并与对应侧向加压件300的下螺纹孔3411螺纹连接的下螺纹旋紧件800。
在本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置在装载岩心试样时，可先将岩心试样放置到下盖板200上的大致中心位置，然后将各侧向加压件300的下部抵接放置到下盖板200上，将上盖板100抵接放置到侧向加压件300的上部。此时，调整侧向加压件300的上螺纹孔3311与对应的上滑孔110对正，调整侧向加压件300的下螺纹孔3411与对应的下滑孔210对正，并调整使得各侧向加压件300的施力面与岩心试样的外周抵接。然后将上螺纹旋紧件500的螺杆穿过上滑孔110并与上螺纹孔3311旋紧，将下螺纹旋紧件800的螺杆穿过下滑孔210并与下螺纹孔3411旋紧，上螺纹旋紧件500的头部则与上盖板100的上部抵接，下螺纹旋紧件800的头部则与下盖板200的下部抵接。此时，就将各侧向加压件300定位并完成侧向加压件300与上盖板100和下盖板200的连接，也就是组装好了本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，并且将待测岩心试样定位、装载进了本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置中。
此外，在进行模拟压裂试验中，环状围压机构会使各侧向加压件300沿岩心试样的径向并朝着岩心试样的中轴线移动，此时上螺纹旋紧件500在上滑孔110内滑动、下螺纹旋紧件800在下滑孔210内滑动，上螺纹旋紧件500与上滑孔110的配合以及下螺纹旋紧件800与下滑孔210的配合就相当于为侧向加压件300的移动起一定导向作用。
作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，上螺纹旋紧件500和下螺纹旋紧件800可以分别是螺栓或者螺钉。
请参见图1至图4及图7，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干传感器固定件600。传感器固定件600安装于侧向加压件300上，一个侧向加压件300可能安装了一个传感器固定件600，也可能安装了多个传感器固定件600。
传感器固定件600具有至少一个用于供传感器卡合安装的卡槽640，一个卡槽640与一个传感器插孔350一一对应。传感器通过卡合固定在传感器固定件600上，并且固定后的传感器穿过对应的传感器插孔350与岩样试件贴合。
请参见图1至图4及图7，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，传感器固定件600包括固定板610、固设于固定板610上的若干弹性伸出板620以及若干用于与岩心试样的外周抵接的抵接件630，一个弹性伸出板620上至少安装有一个抵接件630。卡槽640设置于两相邻弹性伸出板620之间。
固定板610是传感器固定件600的主体，固定板610也是一个薄板结构，弹性伸出板620则是设置在固定板610上的长条板，弹性伸出板620具有一定挠性或者弹性，弹性伸出板620能够相对于固定板610发生弯折弹性变形。两个相邻的弹性伸出板620之间就是用于卡合安装传感器的卡槽640。
在组装好本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置后（传感器固定件600也已经安装在了侧向加压件300上），卡槽640对应的设置在传感器插孔350的外侧相对外侧，同时弹性伸出板620上的抵接件630的一端则伸入到传感器插孔350内并与岩心试样的外周抵接。操作者将传感器卡合在卡槽640内，弹性伸出板620的设置位置能够保证卡合后的传感器与岩心试样的外周贴合。
在岩心试样的模拟压裂过程中，岩心试样可能会发生崩裂，如果与岩心试样紧密贴合的监测传感器是固定在侧向加压件300上或者固定在侧向加压件300和岩心试样之间，那么岩心试样的崩裂冲击力可能会直接将价格昂贵的传感器崩坏。为了避免这一问题的发生，特设置了上述传感器固定件600结构。传感器卡合固定在两个相邻的弹性伸出板620之间，在岩心试样没有发生崩裂时，传感器始终与岩心试样的外周贴合，而岩心试样发生崩裂的过程中，抵接件630就会随即被岩心试样作用而向远离岩心试样中心的外侧移动，由于弹性伸出板620能够相对于固定板610发生弯折弹性变形，弹性伸出板620和传感器就在随着抵接件630同时向外侧移动，这样就避免了传感器被岩心试样崩坏。
请参见图1至图4及图7，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，固定板610与侧向加压件300螺纹连接。具体是，固定板610上设有固定板过孔，侧向加压件300上设有固定板螺纹孔321，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括固定板螺栓900，固定板螺栓900的螺杆穿过固定板过孔与固定板螺纹孔321螺纹连接，以固定固定板610。
请参见图7，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，抵接件630为弹簧。弹簧的一端与弹性伸出板620相连，另一端用于与岩心试样抵接。弹簧具有可压缩性，由于模拟压裂试验中可能有轻微振动或抖动，弹簧可以缓冲部分振动和抖动，以起到保护传感器的作用。同时弹簧的弹性模量要大于弹性伸出板620的弹性模量，即弹簧的刚度要小于弹性伸出板620的刚度。这样，岩心试样发生轻微振动和抖动时，这些轻微抖动或者振动都会被弹簧吸收，而弹性伸出板620几乎不发生变形，从而还使传感器与岩心试样保持贴合，避免因为一些小抖动而使传感器离开岩心试样；只有在岩心试样发生如崩裂的剧烈变形时，弹簧被压缩到一定程度后，弹簧才会带动弹性伸出板620发生形变而保护传感器。
请参见图1至图3，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，侧向加压件300具有四个，四个侧向加压件3用于环绕岩心试样的周向均匀设置。
请参见图1至图6，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，侧向加压件300为柱体结构，该柱体结构类似长方体的一个“切角结构”，侧向加压件300具有侧面组、上端面330以及下端面340，侧面组包括垂直设置且相接的两个侧面320以及施力面310，施力面310的两侧分别与两侧面320相接。
请参见图4，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，两个侧面320上分别设有三个成列间隔设置的传感器插孔350。一个侧向加压件300的两个侧面上分别安装有一个传感器固定件600，传感器固定件600上对应的设有三个卡槽640，一个卡槽640用于与一个传感器插孔350对应。
请参见图5至图6，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，侧向加压件300的上端面330上设有上凸台331，下端面340上设有下凸台341，上螺纹孔3311设置于上凸台331上，下螺纹孔3411设置于所述下凸台341上。上凸台331用于与上盖板100的下板面抵接，下凸台341则用于与下盖板200的上板面抵接，上凸台331的上表面面积要小于上端面330的上表面积，下凸台341的下表面面积要小于下端面340的下表面积，这样在侧向加压件300相对于上盖板100或下盖板200移动时，可减少侧向加压件300与上盖板100或下盖板200之间的滑动摩擦力。
请参见图3，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，声测模顶柱400包括导向柱410以及设置于导向柱410一端的压柱420，下盖板200上设有供导向柱410穿过的导向孔。压柱420设置于上盖板100和下盖板200之间，用于对岩心试样施加轴向力，导向柱410用于与轴向加压机构的动力输出端相连，导向柱410在导向孔内上下滑动。
请参见图2至图3，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，下盖板200的下部固设有导向筒220，导向柱410位于导向筒220内并能够在导向筒220内上下滑动。导向筒220可以对导向柱410的上下移动提供更好的导向作用。
请参见图2至图3，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，导向筒220的外周设有至少一个导向筒螺纹孔，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括与导向筒螺纹孔螺纹连接并用于抵接定位导向柱410的导向柱定位螺栓700。导向柱410与导向筒220和导向孔之间具有间隙，通过设置导向柱定位螺栓700可以调整导向柱410在导向筒220和导向孔内的位置，以便于调整、使压柱420的中心轴与岩心试样的中心轴大致重合。同时导向柱定位螺栓700还可以利用抵接以将导向柱410预固定在下盖板200上，以便于后续导向柱410与轴向加压机构的动力输出端的连接操作。
请参见图1和图3，作为本实用新型提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，上盖板100上还设有上过孔120，以便于压裂模拟试验中，向岩心试样的工艺孔中灌入压裂液。
请参见图6，作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置的一种具体实施方式，施力面为弧形面310。弧形面310可以与适配尺寸的圆柱形岩心试样提供面接触，与不适配尺寸的圆柱形岩心试样的提供线接触，总之弧形面310能够为多种规格尺寸的圆柱形岩心试样提供模拟压裂所需的轴向力。
本申请还提供了一种岩石压裂模拟设备，包括上述实施例中的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置。
本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟设备，与现有技术相比，通过设置独立于主体框架的加载装置，便于岩心试样的装载和取出，也便于清洗，同时岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置内设有能够相对于上盖板或者下盖板滑动的侧向加压件，使得本设备能够对不同外径尺寸的圆柱型岩心试样进行模拟加载试验。此外在侧向加压件上开设传感器插孔，解决了传感器不能与岩心试样外周贴合的问题。
作为本申请提供的岩石压裂模拟设备的一种具体实施方式，本申请实施例提供的岩石压裂模拟设备还包括主体框架、轴向加压机构、径向加压机构以及环状围压机构。轴向加压机构、径向加压机构以及环状围压机构均安装在主体框架上，主体框架设有岩样室，岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置在装载岩心试样后就放置在岩样室内。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，可拆卸地放置于岩心室，其特征在于，包括：
    上盖板，用于设置在岩心试样的上方；
    下盖板，用于设置在岩心试样的下方；
    侧向加压件，具有至少两个，用于设置在岩心试样的外周，所述侧向加压件设有用于对岩心试样传递径向力的施力面；以及
    声测模顶柱，与所述上盖板或者所述下盖板上下滑动配合，用于对岩心试样传递轴向力；
    所述上盖板、所述下盖板以及所述侧向加压件围合形成用于放置岩心试样的加载空间，所述侧向加压件还用于沿岩心试样的径向并相对于所述上盖板或所述下盖板滑动；
    所述侧向加压件上设有至少一个用于供传感器穿过并与岩心试样的外周贴合的传感器插孔。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述上盖板设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的上滑孔，所述下盖板设有若干用于沿岩心试样的径向设置的下滑孔，各所述上滑孔、各所述下滑孔和各所述侧向加压件分别一一对应；
    所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干螺纹旋紧组件，各所述螺纹旋紧组件分别与各所述侧向加压件一一对应，所述侧向加压件的上部设有上螺纹孔，所述侧向加压件的下部设有下螺纹孔，所述螺纹旋紧组件包括滑动设置于所述上滑孔内并与所述上螺纹孔螺纹连接的上螺纹旋紧件以及滑动设置于所述下滑孔内并与所述下螺纹孔螺纹连接的下螺纹旋紧件。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述侧向加压件为柱体结构，所述柱体结构具有侧面组、上端面以及下端面，所述侧面组包括垂直设置且相接的两个侧面以及所述施力面，所述施力面的两侧分别与两所述侧面相接。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述上端面上设有上凸台，所述下端面上设有下凸台，所述上螺纹孔设置于所述上凸台上，所述下螺纹孔设置于所述下凸台上。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括若干传感器固定件，所述传感器固定件安装于所述侧向加压件上，所述传感器固定件具有至少一个用于卡合传感器的卡槽，各所述卡槽分别与各所述传感器插孔一一对应。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述传感器固定件包括固定板、固设于所述固定板上的若干弹性伸出板以及若干用于与岩心试样的外周抵接的抵接件，且各所述抵接件分别安装于对应的所述弹性伸出板上；所述卡槽设置于两相邻所述弹性伸出板之间。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述抵接件为弹簧。
  8. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述声测模顶柱包括导向柱以及设置于所述导向柱一端并位于所述上盖板和所述下盖板之间的压柱，所述下盖板上设有供所述导向柱穿过的导向孔；
    所述下盖板的下部固设有导向筒，所述导向柱位于所述导向筒内并能够在所述导向筒内上下滑动；所述导向筒的外周设有至少一个导向筒螺纹孔，所述岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置还包括与所述导向筒螺纹孔螺纹连接并用于抵接定位所述导向柱的导向柱定位螺栓。
  9. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置，其特征在于，所述施力面为弧形面。
  10. 岩石压裂模拟设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述的岩石压裂模拟用的加载装置。
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