WO2021135223A1 - Cristalliseur pour la refusion sous laitier électroconducteur métallique, dispositif de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et procédé de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur - Google Patents

Cristalliseur pour la refusion sous laitier électroconducteur métallique, dispositif de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et procédé de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135223A1
WO2021135223A1 PCT/CN2020/107065 CN2020107065W WO2021135223A1 WO 2021135223 A1 WO2021135223 A1 WO 2021135223A1 CN 2020107065 W CN2020107065 W CN 2020107065W WO 2021135223 A1 WO2021135223 A1 WO 2021135223A1
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Prior art keywords
crystallizer
electroslag
chamber
crystallization chamber
electroslag remelting
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PCT/CN2020/107065
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吕广奇
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浙江正达模具有限公司
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Publication of WO2021135223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135223A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and relates to a crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting, an electroslag remelting device and an electroslag remelting method.
  • High-speed steel is a high-alloy tool steel containing carbon (C), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co) and other elements. After heat treatment, it has high heat resistance and toughness. , When the use temperature is as high as 600 °C, there is no obvious decrease in hardness.
  • High-speed steel can be divided into ordinary high-speed steel and high-performance high-speed steel according to the chemical composition. According to the manufacturing process, it is divided into smelting high-speed steel and powder metallurgy high-speed steel.
  • the main production processes of smelting high-speed steel are electric arc furnace smelting, electroslag remelting, forging, and rolling. ⁇ System and so on. Powder metallurgy high-speed steel has not been produced in China due to its high technical difficulty.
  • high-speed steel The main application areas of high-speed steel are machinery and tool manufacturing. It is mainly used to manufacture various cutting tools, such as turning tools, drills, hobs, machine saw blades and demanding molds.
  • high-speed CNC machine tools have been commonly used in machining. They have good thermal toughness, wear resistance, and impact toughness. High-speed steel bears great pressure and grinding during work.
  • Traditional high-speed steel it The advantage is that the thermal strength is good, but the disadvantage is that the toughness is not enough and easy to crack, the thermal conductivity is poor, and the plasticity and thermal fatigue performance are not ideal, especially for large specifications ( The above) high-speed steel has poor carbide unevenness, which has seriously affected its own performance. Therefore, most of the domestic tool manufacturers (M35) large-size high-speed steel have used imported materials.
  • the first object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the existing electroslag remelting, and propose a metal electroslag remelting mold capable of producing large-sized electroslag ingots.
  • a crystallizer for metal electroslag remelting comprising an upper crystallization chamber, a middle crystallization chamber, and a lower crystallization chamber superimposed from top to bottom.
  • the three types of crystallization chambers have an upper smelting cavity, a middle smelting cavity and a lower smelting cavity through which the upper and lower ends are penetrated.
  • the middle smelting cavity is in an inverted cone shape, the largest end of the middle smelting is butted with the upper smelting cavity, and the smallest end of the middle smelting is butted with the lower smelting cavity.
  • the crystallizer further includes a rapid cooling device, and the rapid cooling device includes a sprayer arranged one above the other in multiple layers, and the sprayer includes a spray pipe And multiple spray heads arranged on the corresponding spray pipe at intervals, and multiple spray heads in the same sprayer are arranged around.
  • the spraying direction of the nozzles are all inclined inwards and downwards, the spraying inclination angle of the nozzles in the upper sprayer is the largest, and the spraying inclination angle of the nozzles in the bottom sprayer is the smallest .
  • the upper crystallizing chamber, the middle crystallizing chamber, and the lower crystallizing chamber all include the inner wall of the crystallizer and the outer wall of the crystallizer. The inner wall of the crystallizer encloses the respective corresponding crystallizing chambers.
  • a closed interstitial space is formed between the inner wall and the corresponding outer wall of the crystallizer.
  • the upper crystallization chamber, the middle crystallization chamber and the lower crystallization chamber are respectively provided with water outlet pipes and water outlets communicating with the corresponding interstitial spaces on the upper and lower parts of the corresponding interstitial spaces.
  • the second purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the existing electroslag remelting, and propose an electroslag remelting device capable of producing large-size electroslag ingots.
  • An electroslag remelting device comprising an upper column, an upper lifting arm, an upper lifting drive device, a chuck, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank, a lower column, a lower lifting drive device and a lower lifting arm.
  • the bottom water tank is fixedly connected with the lower lifting arm And it is directly opposite to the lower exit of the crystallizer.
  • the lower lifting drive device drives the bottom water tank and the lower lifting arm to lift up and down along the lower column.
  • the chuck is fixedly connected with the upper lifting arm and is directly opposite to the upper inlet of the crystallizer. The device drives the upper lifting arm and the chuck to move up and down along the upper column.
  • the crystallizer includes an upper crystallization chamber, a middle crystallization chamber and a lower crystallization chamber superimposed from top to bottom, the upper crystallization chamber, the middle crystallization chamber and the lower crystallization chamber. It has an upper melting chamber, a middle melting chamber, and a lower melting chamber penetrating through the upper and lower ends.
  • the middle melting chamber has an inverted cone shape, the largest end of the middle melting is butted with the upper melting chamber, and the smallest end of the middle melting is connected to the lower melting chamber. Docking.
  • the crystallizer further includes a rapid cooling device, and the rapid cooling device includes a sprayer arranged one above the other in multiple layers, and the sprayer includes a spray pipe and a spacer. Multiple spray heads arranged on the corresponding spray pipe, and multiple spray heads in the same sprayer are arranged around.
  • the spraying direction of the nozzles are all inclined inwards and downwards, the spraying inclination angle of the spraying heads in the upper sprayer is the largest, and the spraying inclination angle of the spraying nozzles in the bottom spraying device is the smallest.
  • the upper crystallization chamber, the middle crystallization chamber and the lower crystallization chamber all include the inner wall of the crystallizer and the outer wall of the crystallizer.
  • the inner wall of the crystallizer encloses the respective corresponding crystallization chambers, the inner wall of the crystallizer and the inner wall of the crystallizer.
  • a closed interstitial space is formed between the outer walls of the corresponding crystallizer.
  • the upper crystallization chamber, the middle crystallization chamber and the lower crystallization chamber are respectively provided with outlet pipes and water inlet pipes communicating with the corresponding interstitial spaces on the upper and lower portions of the corresponding gap spaces. .
  • the third objective of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the existing electroslag remelting, and propose a metal electroslag remelting method capable of producing large-size electroslag ingots.
  • a metal electroslag remelting method which is performed by using the above crystallizer and electroslag remelting device, is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
  • Cleaning the electrode rod before welding clean the contact surface of the electrode rod with the dummy electrode to a plane to ensure the conductivity of the electrode rod
  • Welding method & position Ensure that the dummy electrode and the electrode rod are in a straight line.
  • the slag material can meet the requirements of moderate conductivity ⁇ , high boiling point, low melting point, good chemical stability, low viscosity and specific surface tension ⁇ ).
  • Drying slag (requirement: the composition of the slag material meets the requirements, is pure and free of impurities, and the particle size is appropriate)
  • Clamping of the electrode rod it must be clamped upright. When clamping, the contact surface of the electrode rod and the fixture should be polished clean, and the connecting bolts of the conductive part of the electrode rod and the fixture should be detected to ensure that there is no looseness or poor contact.
  • Fast cooling ingot extraction Control the height of the metal electroslag liquid level on the inner wall of the mold by adjusting the smelting current, voltage and ingot extraction speed to ensure that there is a reasonable ratio between the ingot extraction speed and the melting speed to prevent metal electroslag from appearing Liquid overflow from the top of the crystallizer, difficulty in ingot extraction, or leakage of metal electroslag liquid; control the cooling rate of remelted electroslag ingots by controlling the water pressure of the rapid cooling device to prevent insufficient cooling rate of electroslag ingots during the smelting process or Cracking due to too fast cooling rate.
  • Annealing complete annealing, reduce stress, adjust hardness
  • Electroslag ingots are forged and processed into various forgings.
  • Rolling The forged billet is then hot-rolled or cold-rolled to obtain rolled products of various specifications.
  • the present invention extracts the solidified electroslag ingot from the crystallizer without affecting the stability of the entire electroslag process, and directly water-cools the high temperature electroslag ingot to increase the cooling rate.
  • the special crystallizer structure can ensure that the large drop in temperature generated when the electroslag ingot is water-cooled will not affect the temperature field of the slag in the high-temperature molten pool, so that the electroslag remelting can proceed smoothly.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electroslag remelting device.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mold for metal electroslag remelting.
  • the electroslag remelting device includes an upper column 1, an upper lifting arm 2, an upper lifting drive device, a chuck 4, a crystallizer 5, a bottom water tank 6, a lower column 3, a lower lifting drive device 16 and
  • the lower lifting arm 13, the bottom water tank 6 and the lower lifting arm 13 are fixedly connected with the lower end outlet of the crystallizer 5 up and down.
  • the lower lifting drive device 16 drives the bottom water tank 6 and the lower lifting arm 13 to lift up and down along the lower column 3, and the chuck 4 is fixedly connected to the upper lifting arm 2 and directly opposite to the upper entrance of the crystallizer 5 up and down.
  • the upper lifting driving device 15 drives the upper lifting arm 2 and the chuck 4 to move up and down along the upper column 1.
  • the crystallizer 5 includes an upper crystallization chamber 7, a middle crystallization chamber 8 and a lower crystallization chamber 9 superimposed from top to bottom.
  • the upper crystallization chamber 7, the middle crystallization chamber 8 and the lower crystallization chamber 9 have upper and lower ends running through The upper smelting cavity 71, the middle smelting cavity 81 and the lower smelting cavity 91, the middle smelting cavity 81 has an inverted cone shape, the largest end of the middle smelting cavity 81 is butted with the upper smelting cavity 71, and the smallest end of the middle smelting cavity 81 is connected to the lower smelting cavity 91 docking.
  • the crystallizer 5 also includes a rapid cooling device 14 that includes a sprayer 22 arranged one above the other in multiple layers.
  • the sprayer 22 includes a spray pipe 21 and a spray pipe 21 arranged at intervals on the corresponding spray pipe 21.
  • a plurality of spray heads 23, and a plurality of spray heads 23 in the same shower 22 are arranged around.
  • the spraying directions of the spray heads 23 are all inclined inward and downward.
  • the spray head 23 in the upper sprayer 22 has the largest spray inclination angle, and the spray head 23 in the bottom sprayer 22 has the smallest spray inclination angle.
  • the upper crystallization chamber 7, the middle crystallization chamber 8 and the lower crystallization chamber 9 all include the inner wall 72 of the crystallizer and the outer wall 73 of the crystallizer.
  • the inner wall 72 of the crystallizer encloses the corresponding crystallizing chamber, and the inner wall of the crystallizer 72 and the corresponding outer wall of the crystallizer 73 A closed interstitial space is formed.
  • the upper crystallization chamber 7, the middle crystallization chamber 8 and the lower crystallization chamber 9 are respectively provided with a water outlet pipe 17 and a water inlet pipe 18 at the upper and lower portions of the respective corresponding gap spaces.
  • a metal electroslag remelting method using the above electroslag remelting device, the method includes the following steps:
  • Cleaning the electrode rod before welding clean the contact surface of the electrode rod with the dummy electrode to a plane to ensure the conductivity of the electrode rod
  • Welding method & position Ensure that the dummy electrode and the electrode rod are in a straight line.
  • Drying slag (requirement: the composition of the slag material meets the requirements, is pure and free of impurities, and the particle size is appropriate)
  • Clamping of the electrode rod it must be clamped upright. When clamping, the contact surface of the electrode rod and the fixture should be polished clean, and the connecting bolts of the conductive part of the electrode rod and the fixture should be detected to ensure that there is no looseness or poor contact.
  • Fast cooling ingot extraction Control the height of the metal electroslag liquid level on the inner wall of the mold by adjusting the smelting current, voltage and ingot extraction speed to ensure that there is a reasonable ratio between the ingot extraction speed and the melting speed to prevent metal electroslag from appearing Liquid overflow from the top of the crystallizer, difficulty in ingot extraction, or leakage of metal electroslag liquid; control the cooling rate of remelted electroslag ingots by controlling the water pressure of the rapid cooling device to prevent insufficient cooling rate of electroslag ingots during the smelting process or Cracking due to too fast cooling rate.
  • Annealing complete annealing, reduce stress, adjust hardness
  • Electroslag ingots are forged and processed into various forgings.
  • Rolling The forged billet is then hot-rolled or cold-rolled to obtain rolled products of various specifications.
  • the cooling method of electroslag remelting in this process is direct water cooling outside the crystallizer.
  • the metal electroslag liquid is quickly cooled from high temperature to low temperature to obtain electroslag ingots with fine carbide structure.
  • Ordinary electroslag remelting is passed through the crystallizer.
  • the copper wall is indirectly water-cooled, and the cooling rate is slow.
  • the carbides accumulate and grow during the slow cooling process.
  • the uniqueness of our process is that it can not only realize the rapid cooling of the metal electroslag remelting, but also avoid the easy production in this process. Of cracking defects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un cristalliseur pour la refusion sous laitier électroconducteur métallique, un dispositif de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et un procédé de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur, se rapportant au domaine technique de la fusion de métal et résolvant le problème selon lequel de grands lingots de laitier électroconducteur ne peuvent pas être actuellement produits. Le cristalliseur (5) pour la refusion sous laitier électroconducteur métallique comprend une chambre de cristallisation supérieure (7), une chambre de cristallisation intermédiaire (8) et une chambre de cristallisation inférieure (9) qui sont empilées successivement du haut vers le bas ; la chambre de cristallisation supérieure (7), la chambre de cristallisation intermédiaire (8) et la chambre de cristallisation inférieure (9) sont chacune pourvues d'une cavité de fusion supérieure (71), d'une cavité de fusion intermédiaire (81) et d'une cavité de fusion inférieure (91) qui pénètrent verticalement dans la chambre de cristallisation correspondante séparément ; la cavité de fusion intermédiaire (81) est en forme de cône inversé, la plus grande extrémité de la cavité de fusion intermédiaire (81) est assemblée bout à bout avec la cavité de fusion supérieure (71) et la plus petite extrémité de la cavité de fusion intermédiaire (81) est assemblée bout à bout avec la cavité de fusion inférieure (91). Des lingots de laitier électroconducteur solidifiés sont extraits du cristalliseur, la stabilité de l'ensemble du procédé à laitier électroconducteur n'est pas affectée, les lingots de laitier électroconducteur à haute température sont directement soumis à un refroidissement à l'eau et la vitesse de refroidissement est augmentée. Du fait de la structure spéciale du cristalliseur, il peut être garanti que lorsque les lingots de laitier électroconducteur sont soumis à un refroidissement à l'eau, le champ de températures du laitier fondu dans un bain fondu à haute température est influencé par un refroidissement important généré et, par conséquent, une refusion sous laitier électroconducteur peut être réalisée sans à-coups.
PCT/CN2020/107065 2019-12-31 2020-08-05 Cristalliseur pour la refusion sous laitier électroconducteur métallique, dispositif de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur et procédé de refusion sous laitier électroconducteur WO2021135223A1 (fr)

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CN201911406147.XA CN111118302B (zh) 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 金属电渣重熔用结晶器和电渣重熔装置以及电渣重熔方法
CN201911406147.X 2019-12-31

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CN111118302B (zh) * 2019-12-31 2022-04-19 浙江正达模具有限公司 金属电渣重熔用结晶器和电渣重熔装置以及电渣重熔方法
CN112536428B (zh) * 2020-12-04 2022-07-15 东北特殊钢集团股份有限公司 一种φ1600mm～φ1850mm大型抽锭式电渣锭生产方法
CN114606391A (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-06-10 东北大学 一种电渣重熔法制备复合钢锭板坯的装置
CN115637379B (zh) * 2022-09-09 2024-04-09 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 一种高碳合金及其制备方法

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