WO2021135190A1 - 一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置 - Google Patents

一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021135190A1
WO2021135190A1 PCT/CN2020/105065 CN2020105065W WO2021135190A1 WO 2021135190 A1 WO2021135190 A1 WO 2021135190A1 CN 2020105065 W CN2020105065 W CN 2020105065W WO 2021135190 A1 WO2021135190 A1 WO 2021135190A1
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Prior art keywords
elastic bending
external short
protection device
circuit protection
bending part
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/105065
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈炳杰
蔡毅
程骞
李小辉
张雅
林志宏
Original Assignee
合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司
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Application filed by 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 filed Critical 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司
Priority to EP20911065.9A priority Critical patent/EP4087048A4/en
Priority to US17/786,555 priority patent/US20230016083A1/en
Publication of WO2021135190A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021135190A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/505—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising a single busbar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/581—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/103—Fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H01M2200/106—PTC
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular to an external short-circuit protection device for lithium-ion batteries.
  • Lithium-ion batteries are more and more widely used in new energy vehicles and energy storage systems.
  • Lithium battery systems include several battery modules, and battery modules are composed of several single cells in series and parallel. That is, when the battery is assembled into a battery module, the battery needs to be connected in series and parallel.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide an external short circuit protection device for lithium ion batteries, which can automatically disconnect the circuit to achieve the purpose of protection when an external short circuit occurs.
  • An external short circuit protection device for a lithium ion battery includes a battery core and a bus bar.
  • the battery core is provided with a conductive electrode lug, and the conductive electrode lug is adjacent to the bus bar. Under the action of an external force, the bus bar and the conductive electrode The ears are in contact or separated to realize the conduction or disconnection of the electrical connection between the two.
  • a further solution also includes a bracket for fixing the bus bar.
  • the bracket is provided with a lug hole matching the lead lug, and the conductive electrode lug passes through the lug hole and is adjacent to the bus bar.
  • a further solution also includes a cover plate, the cover plate is installed above the bus bar, the bus bar is provided with an elastic bending part, and the pressure of the cover plate realizes between the conductive electrode lug and the elastic bending part of the bus bar. The conduction or disconnection of an electrical connection.
  • the cover plate is provided with a clamp post which presses or loosens the elastic bending part of the busbar and the lead electrode lug, and all or part of the clamp post is made of heat-sensitive material to make.
  • the card posts are all made of heat-sensitive materials, or a layer of heat-sensitive material is coated on the outer circumference of the card posts or the ends of the card posts.
  • the heat-sensitive materials can be polycarbonate, polyethylene carbonate, and polycarbonate. Propylene carbonate, or one of them is mixed with a modified material that can improve the conductivity of the decomposable thermosensitive resin or reduce its thermal decomposition temperature; wherein the modified material is a mixture of a carbon material and a catalyst or glass Mixture of fiber and catalyst.
  • polycarbonate begins to soften at 215°C and decomposes at 340°C. If modified materials are added, the thermal decomposition temperature can be reduced to about 230°C. That is, when the temperature rises to 215°C, the cartridge will soften, and will decompose when it continues to rise, and the pressing force of the cartridge on the busbar and the lead electrode ear will become smaller until it disappears.
  • the invention only protects the structure of the product and does not involve its specific material composition.
  • specific heat-sensitive materials and their modified materials please refer to the series of patents laid out on the same day by the inventor of the present invention, "A battery without electrical connection”
  • the cartridge softens or decomposes into carbon dioxide, water and carbon materials. That is, the squeezing force of the clip on the bus bar and the conductive electrode lugs becomes smaller or disappears, and the connection between the cell lugs and the connecting piece is disconnected, so that the connection between the cells can be disconnected, and the occurrence of thermal runaway can be prevented. Greatly improve the safety of the battery.
  • the batteries form battery modules according to different series and parallel relationships.
  • the adjacent batteries are connected by the bracket, the bus bar and the cover plate, that is, the lead electrode ears of the battery pass through the bracket and contact the elastic bending part on the bus bar.
  • Conduct the circuit separate and disconnect the circuit; and press the conductive electrode ear and the elastic bending part to maintain the conduction state through the clamp post on the cover; in addition, the clamp post is made of heat-sensitive material in whole or in part When the temperature is high, it can soften quickly, so that the contact between the bus bar and the tab will be pressed from tightly pressed to loosened to disconnected, so that the current loop is interrupted, and the function of self-breaking and self-protection is achieved.
  • the bus bar created by the present invention realizes the conduction of current through the elastic bending part and the conductive electrode lugs directly through contact, without welding the conductive electrode lugs and the bus bar, the connection is simple and the operation is convenient.
  • the bus bar includes a substrate, both ends of the substrate are bent to the same side to form a side, and the ends of the side continue to be bent to form an elastic bending portion for connecting with the conductive electrode lugs ,
  • the elastic bending portion connects adjacent conductive electrode ears through contact.
  • the structure of the busbars is different, which results in a suitable change in the structure of the cover plate.
  • One of the implementation methods is that the side edge is located above the base plate, and the elastic bending part is from the side edge to the outside downward. Formed by bending, a lug groove with a downward opening for inserting the conductive electrode lug is formed between the elastic bending portion and the side; the clamp post is located on the outer side of the elastic bending portion and the side, and will be inserted in The lead electrode lugs in the lug grooves are pressed tightly.
  • the end of the elastic bending portion protrudes in a lateral direction to form an arc-shaped buckle portion.
  • the second implementation method is: the side edge is located above the busbar body (base plate), the elastic bending part is formed by bending the side edge to the inside and downward, and an opening is formed between the elastic bending part and the side edge A downward cavity; the top end of the conductive electrode lug is bent into a hook-shaped structure that matches the elastic bending portion and is sleeved on the elastic bending portion.
  • the elastic bending portion is wavy, and a continuous convex edge is formed on the outer end surface of the elastic bending portion.
  • the bus bar is made of a conductive material, and the conductive material is copper or aluminum.
  • the bracket is made of non-metallic material, and the non-metallic material is plastic, such as ABS+PC, PA6, PC, etc.
  • the bus bar created by the present invention is made of conductive material, and is connected to the lead lug through contact, avoiding the welding operation.
  • the present invention designs the bus bar into a bent shape, and uses its own elasticity and special structure to keep it in constant contact with the lead electrode lugs, without the need to weld the lead electrode lugs to the bus bar again. This greatly simplifies the process, and has great benefits for later maintenance, including the use of cascades.
  • the invention creates an elastic bending part on the conductive electrode lug and the bus bar through a suitable clamping post on the cover plate to squeeze, so that the two are always in contact with each other, even if vibration occurs during use. Phenomenon such as loosening or falling off occurs.
  • clamp posts on the cover plate in the invention are made of heat-sensitive materials.
  • the temperature rises rapidly, causing the clamp posts to soften or decompose, which will squeeze the lead ears and the busbars.
  • the pressure increases from high to low until it is released, thereby disconnecting the external short circuit, achieving the purpose of protecting the battery and ensuring the safety performance of the battery system.
  • the beneficial effects created by the present invention are as follows: the conductive lugs and the busbars are squeezed by the clamping posts on the cover plate made of heat-sensitive materials to produce a contact conductive circuit, the battery is charged and discharged normally, and the structural parts are stable and work normally; When the battery has an external short circuit, the temperature in the squeezing area rises rapidly, the clamp column softens or decomposes, and the squeezing force on the conductive electrode ears and the busbar disappears, that is, the squeezing contact is broken, the circuit is interrupted, and the external short circuit of the battery is terminated to protect the safe use of the battery .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery of Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery of Embodiment 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view of the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the cover plate of the external short circuit protection device for the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 1 after being thermally melted.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover plate in the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bus bar in the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery of Embodiment 2.
  • Fig. 7 is a side view of the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cover plate in the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bus bar in the external short circuit protection device of the lithium ion battery shown in FIG. 6.
  • an external short circuit protection device for lithium-ion batteries including a battery cell (battery) 5 and a bus bar.
  • the battery core 5 is provided with a conductive electrode lug 4, and the conductive electrode lug 4 is connected to the
  • the bus bars are adjacent, and under the action of external force, the bus bars and the conductive electrode ears are in contact or separated to realize the conduction or disconnection of the electrical connection between the two.
  • a mounting component squeezes the bus bar, such as a cover plate or a card board with other structures.
  • a further solution also includes a bracket 3 for fixing the bus bar.
  • the bracket 3 is provided with a tab hole 31 matching the lead lug.
  • the lead lug 4 passes through the tab hole 31 and then connects to the bus bar. Adjacent.
  • a further solution also includes a cover plate, the cover plate is installed above the bus bar, the cover plate is provided with a clamping column 12, the bus bar is provided with an elastic bending part 23, the clamping column 12 The elastic bending portion 23 of the busbar and the conductive electrode lug 4 are pressed or loosened to realize the conduction or disconnection of the electrical connection between the two.
  • all or part of the clip 12 is made of heat-sensitive material.
  • the best solution is to combine the above-mentioned busbars, brackets, and cover plates to achieve external short-circuit protection of lithium-ion batteries.
  • the batteries form battery modules according to different series-parallel relationships. Adjacent batteries are connected by brackets, busbars and cover plates, that is, the conductive electrode ears of the batteries are adjacent to the elastic bending parts on the busbars after passing through the brackets.
  • the clamp post is made of heat-sensitive material, which softens or decomposes when the temperature is high , Make the bus bar and the tab contact from pressing to loosening to disconnection, so that the current loop is interrupted, and it has the functions of self-breaking and self-protection.
  • the specific structure includes the following two implementation modes:
  • the structure of the busbar is different, which leads to the corresponding change in the structure of the cover plate.
  • One of the implementation modes is shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5:
  • a short-circuit protection device for a lithium-ion battery module includes a conductive electrode lug 4, and a first bus bar 2A for connecting adjacent conductive electrode lugs 4.
  • the first bus bar 2A includes a substrate 21, and two of the substrate 21 The ends are bent to the same side to respectively form one side 22, the side 22 is located above the base plate 21, and the side 22 is bent outward and downward to form an elastic bending portion 23, between the elastic bending portion 23 and the side 22
  • a lug groove with a downward opening for inserting the conductive electrode lug 4 is formed (as shown in FIG.
  • a first cover plate 1A is provided above the first busbar 2A, and the first cover plate 1A includes a top plate 11, The bottom end surface of the top plate 11 is fixedly provided with a clamping post 12 that is engaged with the first busbar 2A.
  • a clamping post 12 As shown in FIG. 4, there are four clamping posts, and the middle two clamping posts are clamped on two sides. Between 22, the clamping posts on both sides press against the outside of the elastic bending portion 23 respectively, and the conductive electrode lug 4 inserted in the lug groove is pressed against the first busbar 2A to conduct the circuit.
  • the end of the elastic bending portion 23 protrudes toward the side 22 to form an arc-shaped buckle portion 24.
  • the end of the elastic bending portion 23 is protruded in the lateral direction to form an arc-shaped buckle portion 24, so that the arc-shaped buckle portion 24 is always in contact with the conductive electrode lug 4, so that the conductive electrode lug 4 is in contact with the elastic bend.
  • the contact between the folding parts 23 is closer.
  • the conductive electrode lugs and the elastic bending part are in elastic contact, even when the relative displacement between the batteries occurs due to vibration during use, the conductive electrode lugs and the elastic bending The folds will also remain in contact at all times.
  • a short-circuit protection device for a lithium-ion battery module includes a conductive electrode lug 4, and a second bus bar 2B for connecting adjacent conductive electrode lugs 4, and the second bus bar 2B includes The base plate 21, both ends of the base plate 21 are bent to the same side to respectively form a side edge 22, the side edge 22 is located above the base plate 21, and the side edge 22 is bent inward and downward to form an elastic bending portion 23, in the middle Form a cavity with a downward opening to form an elastic cantilever structure;
  • a second cover plate 1B is provided above the second bus bar 2B.
  • the second cover plate 1B includes a top plate 11, and the bottom end surface of the top plate 11 is fixedly provided with a clamping post 12 that is engaged with the second bus bar 2B.
  • a clamping post As shown in Figure 8, there is a clamping post, which is matched with the clamping groove between the two elastic bending parts 23.
  • the top end of the conductive electrode lug 4 is bent into a hook-shaped structure that is matched by the elastic bending portion 23, and is sleeved on the elastic bending portion 23 (as shown in FIG. 7);
  • the post 12 is located in the slot to press the conductive electrode lug 4 on the elastic bending part 23.
  • the elastic bending portion 23 is wave-shaped, and a continuous rib 25 is formed on its outer end surface.
  • the rib 25 may be horizontal as shown in FIG. 9 or vertical, and its purpose is to maintain a better contact and conduction state between the conductive electrode lug 4 and the elastic bending portion 23.
  • the installation is shown in Fig. 6, the end of the lead lug 4 of the battery cell 5 is passed through the lug hole 31 on the bracket 3 and then bent into a hook shape, and then it is clamped on the elastic bending portion 23, and then installed
  • the second cover plate 1B is placed so that the clamping posts on the second cover plate 1B are inserted into the cavity between the two elastic bending parts 23, and a pressing force is generated to the two elastic bending parts 23 at the same time, so that the conductive electrode ear 4 and The elastic bending portion 23 is in close contact; in addition, the ribs 25 on the outer end surface of the elastic bending portion 23 further keep the conductive electrode lug 4 and the elastic bending portion 23 in a better contact and conduction state.
  • the bus bar created by the present invention is made of conductive material, and is connected to the lead lug through contact, avoiding the welding operation.
  • the present invention designs the bus bar into a bent shape, and uses its own elasticity and special structure to keep it in constant contact with the lead electrode lugs without the need to re-weld the lead electrode lugs on the bus bar.
  • the conductive electrode lugs and the elastic bending part on the busbar are squeezed by the suitable clamping posts on the cover, so that the two are always in contact with each other, even if vibration occurs during use, there will be no loosening. Phenomena such as opening and falling off.
  • the clamping posts on the cover plate in the invention are made of heat-sensitive materials.
  • the overcurrent on the conductive electrode ears is large and heats up, and its temperature rises rapidly. Due to heat conduction, The clamp column softens or decomposes, the extruding force disappears, and the contact pressure between the lead lug and the busbar is increased from large to small until it is released, thereby disconnecting the external short circuit, achieving the purpose of protecting the battery and ensuring the safety of the battery system. performance.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明创造提供一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置，包括电芯和汇流排，所述电芯上设有导电极耳，所述导电极耳与汇流排相邻，在外力作用下，汇流排与导电极耳之间相接触或分离以实现两者间电连接的导通或断开。所述汇流排上设置有弹性折弯部，在盖板作用下，汇流排的弹性折弯部与导电极耳之间相接触或分离以实现两者间电连接的导通或断开。本发明创造通过热敏材料制成的盖板卡柱来挤压导电极耳和汇流排，产生接触导电回路；一旦电池发生外部短路，挤压区域温度快速升高，卡柱软化或分解，挤压力消失，导电极耳和汇流排分离而断开电路，电池外短路中止，保护电池安全使用。

Description

一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置 技术领域
本发明创造涉及锂离子电池技术领域，具体涉及一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置。
背景技术
锂离子电池在新能源汽车及储能系统中应用越来越广泛，锂电池系统包含若干个电池模组，而电池模组由若干个单个电芯进行串并联组成。即电池在组装为电池模组时，需要将电池进行串并联，其中相邻电池的电路连接通常有两种方式，一种是采用超声焊接方式把导电极耳直接连接起来，第二种是采用汇流排做转接，即把所有导电极耳用激光焊接到汇流排上，形成导电通道。这两种连接方式都需要把导电极耳焊接起来，其需要的设备多、工艺较复杂，并且后期若要更换电池时不方便拆卸，会造成浪费。另外，在出现异常情况时，如外部短路，因导电回路中一般没有明显的薄弱环节，电池将持续大电流放电，容易引起电池热聚集，进而可能发生热失控，热扩散，对电池系统安全带来很大安全风险。因此在电池及模组结构上设置过流自保护功能是非常有必要的，解决这个问题将大幅提高锂电池的安全应用水平。
发明内容
本发明创造的一个目的在于提供一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置，使其在外部发生短路时，能自动断开电路达到保护的目的。
为实现上述目的，本发明创造提供如下技术方案：
一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置，包括电芯和汇流排，所述电芯上设有导电极耳，所述导电极耳与汇流排相邻，在外力作用下，汇流排与导电极耳之间相接触或分离以实现两者间电连接的导通或断开。
进一步方案，还包括用于固定汇流排的支架，所述支架上开设有与导电极耳相匹配的极耳孔，所述导电极耳穿过所述的极耳孔后与汇流排相邻。
更进一步方案，还包括盖板，所述盖板安装在汇流排的上方，所述汇流排上设置有弹性折弯部，盖板压力作用实现导电极耳与汇流排的弹性折弯部之间电连接的导通或断开。
进一步方案，所述盖板上设置有卡柱，所述卡柱将汇流排的弹性弯折部与导电极 耳进行压紧或松开，所述卡柱的全部或者局部是由热敏材料制成。
其中卡柱全部是由热敏材料制成，或在卡柱的外周或卡柱的端部涂覆一层热敏材料层，热敏材料可选择为聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸亚乙酯、聚碳酸亚丙酯，或其中之一与能提高该可分解的热敏树脂的导电性能或降低其热分解的温度的改性材料混合构成；其中改性材料为碳材料和催化剂的混合物或为玻璃纤维和催化剂的混合物。其中聚碳酸酯在215℃开始软化、340℃分解，如果加入改性材料还可降低其热分解的温度到230℃左右。即当温度上升到215℃时，卡柱会软化，继续升高后会分解，也就卡柱对汇流排与导电极耳的挤压力变小，直到消失。
本发明创造仅保护产品的结构，不涉及其具体的材料组成，而具体的热敏材料及其改性材料的选择可参考本发明创造人同日布局的系列专利《一种电芯电连接的无焊接式接插件及含有该接插件的锂离子电池》中对热分解材料层的材料的选择。
即当电池发生外部短路时，温度快速升高，温度升高到热敏材料的软化或分解温度时，卡柱软化或分解为二氧化碳、水和碳材料。即卡柱对汇流排与导电极耳的挤压力变小或消失，而断开电芯极耳与连接片的连接，从而可以断开电芯之间的连接，防止热失控的发生，可大大提高电池的安全性。
电池按不同的串并联关系，组成电池模组，相邻电池之间通过支架、汇流排和盖板进行连接，即电池的导电极耳穿过支架后与汇流排上的弹性弯折部相接触导通电路、分离而断开电路；并通过盖板上的卡柱将导电极耳与弹性弯折部进行压紧保持导通状态；另外，卡柱全部或局部是由热敏材料制成的，在温度较高的时候，能快速软化，使汇流排与极耳接触从紧压到松开直至断开，从而使电流回路中断，起到自断路，自保护功能。
即本发明创造的汇流排通过其弹性弯折部与导电极耳直接通过接触实现电流的导通，无需将导电极耳与汇流排进行焊接操作，连接简单且操作方便。
进一步方案，所述汇流排包括基板，所述基板的两端向同一侧折弯分别形成一侧边，所述侧边的端部继续折弯形成用于与导电极耳连接的弹性弯折部，所述弹性弯折部将相邻导电极耳通过接触导通。
本发明创造因汇流排的结构不同，从而导致盖板的结构相适应的变化，其中一种实现方式为：所述侧边位于基板的上方，所述弹性弯折部是由侧边向外侧下方折弯形成的，弹性弯折部与侧边之间形成用于插设导电极耳的开口向下的极耳槽；所述卡柱位于弹性弯折部、侧边的外侧，将插设在极耳槽中导电极耳压紧。
进一步方案，所述弹性弯折部的端部向侧边方向凸起形成弧形卡扣部。
第二种实现方式为：所述侧边位于汇流排本体(基板)的上方，所述弹性弯折部是由侧边向内侧下方折弯形成的，弹性弯折部与侧边之间形成开口向下的空腔；所述导电极耳的顶端折弯成与所述弹性弯折部相适配的钩状结构卡套在弹性弯折部上。
进一步方案，所述弹性弯折部为波浪状，在其外端面形成连续的凸棱。
进一步方案，所述汇流排为导电材料制成的，所述导电材料为铜或铝。所述支架为非金属材料制成的，非金属材料为塑料，如ABS+PC，PA6，PC等。
本发明创造的汇流排是导电材料制成的，其与导电极耳通过接触导通，避免了焊接操作。并且本发明创造将汇流排设计成折弯形，利用其自身的弹性和特殊的结构，使其与导电极耳能保持始终的接触状态，而不需要把导电极耳再焊接在汇流排上，从而大幅简化了工艺，对后期的维护，包括梯次利用都有很大益处。
本发明创造通过盖板上相适配的卡柱将导电极耳与汇流排上的弹性弯折部进行挤压，使二者之间始终保持接触状态，即使在使用过程中发生振动也不会发生松开、脱落等现象。
另外，本发明创造中的盖板上的卡柱采用热敏材料制成，当某个电池发生外部短路时，温度快速升高，使卡柱软化或分解，对导电极耳与汇流排的挤压力从大到小，直到松开，从而将外部短路电路断开，达到保护电池的目的，也保障了电池系统的安全性能。
本发明创造的有益效果如下：通过热敏材料制成的盖板上的卡柱来挤压导电极耳和汇流排，产生接触导电回路，电池正常充放电，各结构件稳定，正常工作；一旦电池发生外部短路，挤压区域温度快速升高，卡柱软化或分解，对导电极耳和汇流排的挤压力消失，即挤压接触破坏，电路中断，电池外短路中止，保护电池安全使用。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置的结构示意图。
图2为图1所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置的侧视图。
图3为图1所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置中盖板热熔后的示意图。
图4为图1所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置中盖板的结构示意图。
图5为图1所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置中汇流排的结构示意图。
图6为实施例2的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置的结构示意图。
图7为图6所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置侧视图。
图8为图6所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置中盖板的结构示意图。
图9为图6所示的锂离子电池的外短路保护装置中汇流排的结构示意图。
图中：1A-第一盖板、1B-第二盖板、11-顶板，12-卡柱；
2A-第一汇流排、2B-第二汇流排、21-基板、22-侧边、23-弹性弯折部、24-弧形卡扣部、25-凸棱；
3-支架、31-极耳孔；4-导电极耳、5-电芯。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明创造实施例中的附图，对本发明创造实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明创造一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明创造中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明创造保护的范围。
请参阅图1-图9，一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置，包括电芯(电池)5和汇流排，所述电芯5上设有导电极耳4，所述导电极耳4与汇流排相邻，在外力作用下，汇流排与导电极耳之间相接触或分离以实现两者间电连接的导通或断开。
能实现上述外力作用的为一安装部件对汇流排进行挤压，如盖板或其他结构的卡板均可实现。
进一步方案，还包括用于固定汇流排的支架3，所述支架3上开设有与导电极耳相匹配的极耳孔31，所述导电极耳4穿过所述的极耳孔31后与汇流排相邻。
更进一步方案，还包括盖板，所述盖板安装在汇流排的上方，所述盖板上设置有卡柱12，所述汇流排上设置有弹性折弯部23，所述卡柱12将汇流排的弹性弯折部23与导电极耳4进行压紧或松开而实现两者电连接的导通或断开。
进一步方案，所述卡柱12的全部或者局部是由热敏材料制成。
最优的方案是将上述汇流排、支架、盖板结合在一起使用，实现锂离子电池的外短路保护。电池按不同的串并联关系，组成电池模组，相邻电池之间通过支架、汇流排和盖板进行连接，即电池的导电极耳穿过支架后与汇流排上的弹性弯折部相邻，并通过盖板上的卡柱将导电极耳与弹性弯折部进行压紧而接触导通电路并保持；另外，卡柱是由热敏材料制成的，在温度较高时软化或分解，使汇流排与极耳接触从紧压到松开直至断开，从而使电流回路中断，起到自断路、自保护功能。
具体的结构包括以下两种实施方式：
实施例1：
本发明创造因汇流排的结构不同，从而导致盖板的结构相适应的变化，其中一种 实现方式如图1-图5所示：
一种锂离子电池模组的短路保护装置，包括导电极耳4，以及用于连接相邻导电极耳4的第一汇流排2A，第一汇流排2A包括基板21，所述基板21的两端向同一侧折弯分别形成一侧边22，所述侧边22位于基板21的上方，侧边22向外侧下方折弯形成弹性弯折部23，弹性弯折部23与侧边22之间形成用于插设导电极耳4的开口向下的极耳槽(如图5所示)；位于第一汇流排2A的上方设有第一盖板1A，第一盖板1A包括顶板11，所述顶板11的底端面固设有与第一汇流排2A相配合卡接的卡柱12，如图4所示，设有四个卡柱，中间两个卡柱卡设在两个侧边22之间，位于两侧的卡柱分别抵压在弹性弯折部23的外侧，将插设在极耳槽中导电极耳4压紧在第一汇流排2A上导通电路。
进一步方案，所述弹性弯折部23的端部向侧边22方向凸起形成弧形卡扣部24。
安装如图1、图2所示，将电芯5的导电极耳4端部穿过支架3上的极耳孔31后，再插入弹性弯折部23与侧边22之间形成的开口向下的极耳槽中，然后在第一汇流排2A的上方放入第一盖板1A，其中位于中间的两个卡柱12与第一汇流排2A上两侧板22之间的槽相适配，位于两侧的卡柱12分别抵压在弹性弯折部23外部，对其进行挤压使导电极耳4与汇流排2A之间形成面接触而导通电流。另外，将弹性弯折部23的端部向侧边方向凸起形成弧形卡扣部24，使弧形卡扣部24始终与导电极耳4抵接，从而使导电极耳4与弹性弯折部23之间接触地更紧密；再者，由于导电极耳与弹性弯折部之间是弹性接触，即使在使用过程中因振动会导致电池间出现相对位移时，导电极耳与弹性弯折部之间也会保持始终接触状态。
当某个电芯发生外部短路时，导电极耳上的过流电大而发热，其温度快速升高，因热传导，使卡柱软化或分解，原来靠挤压产生的外力使导电极耳与第一汇流排2A相接触而导通电路，因外力消失，导电极耳与第一汇流排的接触压力从大到小，直到松开，从而将外部短路电路断开(如图3所示)，达到保护电池的目的，也保障了电池系统的安全性能。
实施例2：
如图6-图9所示：一种锂离子电池模组的短路保护装置，包括导电极耳4，以及用于连接相邻导电极耳4的第二汇流排2B，第二汇流排2B包括基板21，所述基板21的两端向同一侧折弯分别形成一侧边22，所述侧边22位于基板21的上方，由侧边22向内侧下方折弯形成弹性弯折部23，中间形成一开口向下的空腔，形成弹性悬臂结构；
位于第二汇流排2B的上方设有第二盖板1B，第二盖板1B包括顶板11，所述顶板11的底端面固设有与第二汇流排2B相配合卡接的卡柱12，如图8所示，设有一个卡柱，其与两个弹性弯折部23之间的卡槽相适配，安装下压时，同时对两个弹性弯折部23一个外压力，将卡套其上的导电极耳4压紧在第二汇流排2B上以导通电路。
所述导电极耳4的顶端部折弯成与由所述弹性弯折部23相适配的钩状结构，并卡套在弹性弯折部23上(如图7所示)；所述卡柱12位于卡槽内将导电极耳4压紧在弹性弯折部23上。
进一步方案，所述弹性弯折部23为波浪状，在其外端面形成连续的凸棱25。
凸棱25可以是如图9所示的水平状，还可以是垂直状，其目的是为了使导电极耳4与弹性弯折部23之间保持更好的接触导通状态。
安装如图6所示，将电芯5的导电极耳4的端部穿过支架3上的极耳孔31后折弯成钩状，再将其卡套在弹性弯折部23上，再安装上第二盖板1B，使第二盖板1B上的卡柱插入两弹性弯折部23之间的空腔内，对两弹性弯折部23同时产生挤压力，使导电极耳4与弹性弯折部23紧密接触；另外，弹性弯折部23外端面上的凸棱25进一步使导电极耳4与弹性弯折部23之间保持更好的接触导通状态。
本发明创造的汇流排是导电材料制成的，其与导电极耳通过接触导通，避免了焊接操作。并且本发明创造将汇流排设计成折弯形，利用其自身的弹性和特殊的结构，使其与导电极耳能保持始终的接触状态，而不需要把导电极耳再焊接在汇流排上。同时通过盖板上相适配的卡柱将导电极耳与汇流排上的弹性弯折部进行挤压，使二者之间始终保持接触状态，即使在使用过程中发生振动也不会发生松开、脱落等现象。
另外，本发明创造中的盖板上的卡柱采用热敏材料制成，当某个电池发生外部短路时，导电极耳上的过流电大而发热，其温度快速升高，因热传导，使卡柱软化或分解，挤压外力消失，导电极耳与汇流排的接触压力从大到小，直到松开，从而将外部短路电路断开，达到保护电池的目的，也保障了电池系统的安全性能。
虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
故以上所述仅为本发明创造的较佳实施例，并非用来限定本发明创造的实施范围；即凡依本发明创造所做的各种等同变换，均为本发明创造的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种锂离子电池的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，包括电芯和汇流排，所述电芯上设有导电极耳，所述导电极耳与汇流排相邻，在外力作用下，汇流排与导电极耳之间相接触或分离以实现两者间电连接的导通或断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，还包括用于固定汇流排的支架，所述支架上开设有与导电极耳相匹配的极耳孔，所述导电极耳穿过所述的极耳孔后与汇流排相邻。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，还包括盖板，所述盖板安装在汇流排的上方，所述汇流排上设置有弹性折弯部，盖板压力作用实现导电极耳与汇流排的弹性折弯部之间电连接的导通或断开。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述盖板上设置有卡柱，所述卡柱将汇流排的弹性弯折部与导电极耳压紧或松开，所述卡柱的全部或者局部是由热敏材料制成。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述汇流排包括基板，所述基板的两端向同一侧折弯分别形成一侧边，所述侧边的端部继续折弯形成用于与导电极耳连接的弹性弯折部，所述弹性弯折部将相邻导电极耳通过接触导通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述侧边位于基板的上方，所述弹性弯折部是由侧边向外侧下方折弯形成的，弹性弯折部与侧边之间形成用于插设导电极耳的开口向下的极耳槽；所述盖板上设置有卡柱，卡柱位于弹性弯折部和侧边的外侧，将插设在极耳槽中导电极耳压紧。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述弹性弯折部的端部向侧边方向凸起形成弧形卡扣部。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述侧边位于基板的上方，所述弹性弯折部是由侧边向内侧下方折弯形成的，弹性弯折部与侧边之间形成开口向下的空腔；所述导电极耳的顶端折弯成与所述弹性弯折部相适配的钩状结构卡套在弹性弯折部上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述弹性弯折部为波浪状，并在其外端面形成凸棱。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的外短路保护装置，其特征在于，所述盖板上设置有 卡柱，其与两个弹性弯折部之间的卡槽相适配，安装下压时，所述卡柱位于卡槽内将导电极耳压紧在弹性弯折部上。
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