WO2021134986A1 - 一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置 - Google Patents
一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2021134986A1 WO2021134986A1 PCT/CN2020/086126 CN2020086126W WO2021134986A1 WO 2021134986 A1 WO2021134986 A1 WO 2021134986A1 CN 2020086126 W CN2020086126 W CN 2020086126W WO 2021134986 A1 WO2021134986 A1 WO 2021134986A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- piston
- end cover
- cylinder
- boss
- seal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/8833—Floating installations
- E02F3/885—Floating installations self propelled, e.g. ship
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/88—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements acting by a sucking or forcing effect, e.g. suction dredgers
- E02F3/90—Component parts, e.g. arrangement or adaptation of pumps
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of dredging engineering machinery, and in particular relates to a pneumatic sealing device for a side suction port of a trailing suction dredger.
- the existing trailing suction dredger is a large self-propelled trailing suction dredger equipped with drag head excavators and hydraulic suction devices.
- drag head excavators and hydraulic suction devices When dredging, lower the trailing suction pipe along the ship’s side, and move the sliding block installed at the upper end of the trailing suction pipe to the side of the suction pipe to connect with the suction port of the hull.
- the lower end of the trailing suction pipe falls on the river/sea bed and is being dragged by the ship.
- the river/sea bed is broken by the weight of the drag head, and a sealed space is formed inside the drag head for mud mixing.
- the vacuum effect of the mud pump in the cabin is used to absorb the mud from the river/seabed through the drag head and suction pipe into the dredger.
- this kind of mud suction method of the mud pump in the cabin requires a high-power mud pump to suck the mud into the cabin because the pipeline is too long.
- the equipment investment is large and the operating cost is also high; and it is suitable for the depth greater than the lifting height of the mud pump. There is nothing the river/seabed can do.
- the current plan is to shorten the distance between the mud pump and the drag head by placing the mud pump in the middle of the trailing suction pipe, which can improve the construction efficiency and increase the working depth of the dredger. But then came new problems.
- the negative pressure between the trailing suction pipe slider and the suction port of the hull is always in a negative pressure state, and there is no problem of mud water leakage; but after the mud pump is placed in front of the trailing suction pipe, the interface between the trailing suction pipe and the suction pipe is at In a positive pressure state, if there is no good sealing device to seal the interface, a muddy water leakage problem will occur, which will cause water pollution in the channel. Since the interface is deep underwater and needs to be sealed after docking, the engineering is difficult and the control requirements are high.
- the slider sealing devices designed both internationally and domestically are of airbag type.
- the device is equipped with an annular airbag on the slider, and the airbag is inflated after docking, and the airbag is inflated and sealed.
- the airbag is extremely easy to damage, has a short service life, and is frequently replaced.
- the main causes of damage are friction damage, improper inflation pressure, and improper installation. Due to the relative movement between the slider and the mud suction port, it will rub against the inflated airbag; if the airbag inflation pressure is too small, the airbag cannot be sealed.
- the airbag will be fatigued for a long time and shorten the service life, and no matter if the air pressure is too high If it is too small, it will accelerate the wear of the airbag; because the airbag is an elastic part and lacks support, when it is installed in the slider, if it is installed improperly, it is easy to cause a small part of the airbag to protrude from the slider, which will cause damage when it is launched into the water.
- many design units and shipyards in the industry are tackling this problem and have not been able to solve it.
- the present invention provides a pneumatic sealing device for the suction port of the self-propelled rake slider.
- a pneumatic sealing device for a side suction port of a trailing suction dredger comprising a slider body, a cylinder, a piston, an end cover, a return spring, and an air seal;
- the cross section of the cylinder is an irregular rectangular annular groove, which is arranged on the slider body To the side of the hull, the opening direction of the annular groove faces the hull, and its diameter matches the diameter of the suction pipe of the hull.
- the boss has a "convex" cross-section; the bottom of the piston is located in the cylinder, the boss on the top of the piston faces the hull, and an elastic ring is fixed on the boss.
- the inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness of the bottom of the piston match the cylinder groove;
- the cover is divided into an inner end cover and an outer end cover. The inner and outer end covers are both circular and connected with the slider body.
- the gap between the inner and outer end covers matches the width of the piston boss; there are multiple sets of the return springs evenly distributed along the circumference of the end cover, and the number of return springs matches the diameter of the suction nozzle of the hull; the return spring There are two in each group, which are installed in the end cover and act on the end faces on both sides of the piston boss; the gas seal is divided into an inner gas seal and an outer gas seal.
- the inner gas seal is located between the inner side of the piston bottom and the cylinder, and the outer gas
- the seal is located between the outer side of the bottom of the piston and the cylinder; the slider body and the outer surface of the end cover are in the same plane, and the extending distance of the piston is greater than the gap between the slider body and the mud suction nozzle of the ship body.
- the principle is: after the raking straw slider is docked with the suction port of the hull, compressed air is introduced through the air inlet to push the piston out, and the elastic ring on the boss on the top of the piston squeezes the buckle of the suction port to form a seal. Because the piston is pushed by compressed gas, the state of the piston is dynamic, and the suction buckle can always be tightly attached to the suction port to seal during the shaking of the rake suction tube. When the operation is over, the air inlet is depressurized, and the piston retracts into the cylinder under the action of the reset disc spring to release the seal.
- the end cover serves not only as the force point of the reset disc spring, but also as a stopper for the piston.
- the elastic ring has a certain thickness. Even if the abutting surface of the suction buckle ring and the slider is not completely parallel, a complete seal can be achieved by squeezing the elastic ring, and even if the elastic ring is worn to the limit thickness, it can still maintain a good seal.
- the cylinder is provided with two symmetric stop step surfaces, the distance between the edge of the stop step and the bottom of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the air inlet, and the distance between the two stop steps is less than the width of the bottom of the piston.
- the distance between the edge of the stop step and the bottom of the cylinder is greater than the diameter of the intake port to ensure that the intake pipe will not be blocked when the piston returns; the distance between the two stop steps is less than the width of the bottom of the piston to ensure that the piston is stuck by the stop step when it returns.
- an inner frame seal is provided between the inner end cover and the piston boss, the inner end cover is provided with an inner annular groove, an inner stop baffle is installed in the inner annular groove, and the inner stop baffle is tightly attached to the inner
- the outer side of the frame seal an outer frame seal is provided between the outer end cover and the piston boss, an outer ring groove is provided on the outer end cover, and an outer stop baffle is installed in the outer ring groove, and the outer stop baffle is tight Paste the outer frame to seal the outside.
- the muddy water needs to withstand the impact of muddy water between the inner end cover and the boss.
- the muddy water has a high pressure and must rush into the gap between the inner end cover and the boss, which will adversely affect the reset disc spring.
- a skeleton seal is arranged between the inner end cover and the boss to prevent muddy water from entering, and to fix the skeleton seal, an annular groove is arranged on the end cover, and a stop baffle similar to a circlip is installed in the annular groove.
- a skeleton seal is also set between the outer end cover and the boss.
- the end cover is provided with a through hole at the place where the reset spring is provided, the bottom of the through hole is provided with a step, the top of the through hole is provided with a sealing plate, and the sealing plate is connected with the end cover by bolts;
- the reset disc spring includes a top pin, a disc Spring and circlip, the top pin is "T" shaped and divided into a pin and a pin seat. The diameter of the pin matches the through hole, and the diameter of the pin seat matches the step. The pin passes through the through hole, and a circlip is set on the top of the pin.
- the pin seat is close to the piston, and the four disc springs are sleeved on the pin rod in a face-to-face installation manner and are located between the pin seat and the step.
- Disc springs can withstand extremely large loads in a small space. Compared with springs, the deformation per unit volume is larger, and it has good cushioning and shock absorption capabilities.
- the number of reset disc springs is related to the diameter of the suction pipe. Generally, when the diameter of the suction pipe is 500 ⁇ 800mm, 8 groups of reset disc springs are matched; when the diameter is 900 ⁇ 1200mm, 12 groups of reset disc springs can be matched.
- the friction surfaces of the cylinder and the piston and the end cover and the piston boss are provided with guide wear rings, which reduces the wear of the cylinder friction pairs on the friction surfaces of the piston and prolongs the service life.
- the elastic ring is made of self-lubricating polymer elastic material. Due to the relative movement of the slider and the suction buckle, there is a slight sliding friction between the elastic ring and the suction buckle, which will wear the elastic ring to a certain extent. Therefore, the use of a self-lubricating polymer elastic ring can greatly reduce the degree of wear and extend The maintenance cycle.
- the elastic ring has a certain thickness, the compensation margin is sufficient, and the wear within the stroke range of the piston does not affect the sealing effect.
- the polymer elastic material is selected from one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and nylon.
- the self-lubricating polymer elastic ring on the top of the piston can effectively reduce the wear and tear, and can adapt to the relative movement and slight tilt between the slider and the suction ring to maintain a good seal;
- the cylinder and piston are both rigid materials, the piston stroke is limited front and rear, after the elastic ring is worn, it can be compensated by appropriately increasing the control air pressure, which simplifies the control and is easy to replace and install;
- the piston stroke is much larger than the gap between the slider and the suction buckle ring, and the elastic ring has a certain thickness, and the compensation margin is sufficient, which greatly extends the service life of the sealing device.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the position of the sealing device in the slider
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the sealing device when the slider is docked with the mud suction port
- Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic view of the cross section of the sealing device
- Figure 4 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the inner end cover of the sealing device
- Figure 5 is a partial enlarged schematic view of the outer end cover of the sealing device
- a trailing suction dredger's side suction port pneumatic sealing device includes a slider 11 body, a cylinder 21, a piston 31, an end cover, a reset disc spring 72, and an air seal.
- the cylinder 21 is an annular groove with a rectangular cross section, which is arranged on the side of the slider 11 facing the hull 14.
- the opening direction of the annular groove faces the hull 14, and its diameter matches the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14, and is located at the bottom of the cylinder 21
- An air inlet 23 is provided.
- Two symmetrical stop steps 22 are provided above the air inlet 23. The distance between the edge of the stop step 22 and the bottom of the cylinder 21 is greater than the diameter of the air inlet 23, and the distance between the two stop steps 22 is less than The width of the bottom of the piston 31.
- the piston 31 is a ring-shaped sliding block with a wide cross section at the bottom and a boss on the top to form a "convex" shape; the bottom of the piston 31 is located in the cylinder 21, and the boss on the top of the piston 31 faces the hull 14, and an elastic ring 32 is fixed on the boss.
- the elastic ring 32 adopts an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene elastic ring 32, and the inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness of the bottom of the piston 31 match the groove of the cylinder 21.
- the end cover is divided into an inner end cover 41 and an outer end cover 42.
- the inner and outer end covers 42 are both in a circular ring shape.
- the inner side of the inner end cover 41 and the outer side of the outer end cover 42 are connected to the body of the slider 11, and the outer side of the inner end cover 41 Press the inner part of the boss of the piston 31, and the inner end cover 42 presses the outer part of the boss of the piston 31.
- the gap between the inner and outer end covers 42 matches the width of the boss of the piston 31; the inner end cover 41 is between the bosses An inner frame seal 51 is provided, an inner ring groove is provided on the inner end cover 41, an inner stop baffle 52 is installed in the inner ring groove, and the inner stop baffle 52 is close to the outer side of the inner frame seal 51; An outer frame seal 61 is arranged between the bosses, an outer annular groove is arranged on the outer end cover 42, an outer stop baffle 62 is installed in the outer annular groove, and the outer stop baffle 62 is close to the outside of the outer frame seal 61.
- the end cover is provided with a through hole at the place where the reset disc spring is provided, the bottom of the through hole is provided with a step, and the top of the through hole is provided with a sealing plate 43, and the sealing plate 43 is connected with the end cover by bolts.
- the reset disc spring includes a top pin 71, a disc spring 72, and a circlip 73.
- the top pin 71 has a "T" shape and is divided into a pin rod and a pin seat. The diameter of the pin rod matches the through hole, and the diameter of the pin seat matches the step.
- the through hole penetrates, the top of the pin rod is provided with a circlip 73, the pin seat is close to the piston 31, and the four disc springs 72 are sleeved on the pin rod in a face-to-face manner and are located between the pin seat and the step.
- the air seal is divided into an inner air seal 81 and an outer air seal 82.
- the inner air seal 81 is located between the inner side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21, and the outer air seal 82 is located between the outer side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21; there are two inner air seals 81.
- a guide wear ring 91 is provided on the friction surfaces of the cylinder 21 and the piston 31 and the end cover and the piston 31. The wear of the friction surface of the piston 31 is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
- the body of the slider 11 and the outer surface of the end cover are in the same plane, and the extending distance of the piston 31 is greater than the distance between the body of the slider 11 and the mouth of the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14.
- Embodiment 2 It is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that it includes the slider 11 body, the cylinder 21, the piston 31, the end cover, the reset disc spring 72, and the air seal.
- the cylinder 21 is an annular groove with a rectangular cross section, which is arranged on the side of the slider 11 facing the hull 14.
- the opening direction of the annular groove faces the hull 14, and its diameter matches the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14, and is located at the bottom of the cylinder 21
- An air inlet 23 is provided.
- Two symmetrical stop steps 22 are provided above the air inlet 23. The distance between the edge of the stop step 22 and the bottom of the cylinder 21 is greater than the diameter of the air inlet 23, and the distance between the two stop steps 22 is less than The width of the bottom of the piston 31.
- the piston 31 is a ring-shaped sliding block with a wide cross section at the bottom and a boss on the top to form a "convex" shape; the bottom of the piston 31 is located in the cylinder 21, and the boss on the top of the piston 31 faces the hull 14, and an elastic ring 32 is fixed on the boss.
- the elastic ring 32 is a polytetrafluoroethylene elastic ring 32, and the inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness of the bottom of the piston 31 match the groove of the cylinder 21.
- the end cover is divided into an inner end cover 41 and an outer end cover 42.
- the inner and outer end covers 42 are both in a circular ring shape.
- the inner side of the inner end cover 41 and the outer side of the outer end cover 42 are connected to the body of the slider 11, and the outer side of the inner end cover 41
- the inner part of the boss of the piston 31 is pressed, and the inner side of the outer end cover 42 is pressed against the outer part of the boss of the piston 31.
- the gap between the inner and outer end covers 42 matches the width of the boss of the piston 31.
- the reset disc spring includes a top pin 71, a disc spring 72, and a circlip 73.
- the top pin 71 has a "T" shape and is divided into a pin rod and a pin seat. The diameter of the pin rod matches the through hole, and the diameter of the pin seat matches the step.
- the through hole penetrates, the top of the pin rod is provided with a circlip 73, the pin seat is close to the piston 31, and the four disc springs 72 are sleeved on the pin rod in a face-to-face manner and are located between the pin seat and the step.
- the air seal is divided into an inner air seal 81 and an outer air seal 82.
- the inner air seal 81 is located between the inner side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21, and the outer air seal 82 is located between the outer side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21; there are two inner air seals 81.
- a guide wear ring 91 is provided on the friction surfaces of the cylinder 21 and the piston 31 and the end cover and the piston 31. The wear of the friction surface of the piston 31 is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
- the body of the slider 11 and the outer surface of the end cover are in the same plane, and the extending distance of the piston 31 is greater than the distance between the body of the slider 11 and the mouth of the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14.
- Embodiment 2 It is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that it includes the slider 11 body, the cylinder 21, the piston 31, the end cover, the reset disc spring 72, and the air seal.
- the cylinder 21 is an annular groove with a rectangular cross section, which is arranged on the side of the slider 11 facing the hull 14.
- the opening direction of the annular groove faces the hull 14, and its diameter matches the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14, and is located at the bottom of the cylinder 21
- An air inlet 23 is provided.
- Two symmetrical stop steps 22 are provided above the air inlet 23. The distance between the edge of the stop step 22 and the bottom of the cylinder 21 is greater than the diameter of the air inlet 23, and the distance between the two stop steps 22 is less than The width of the bottom of the piston 31.
- the piston 31 is a ring-shaped sliding block with a wide cross section at the bottom and a boss on the top to form a "convex" shape; the bottom of the piston 31 is located in the cylinder 21, and the boss on the top of the piston 31 faces the hull 14, and an elastic ring 32 is fixed on the boss.
- the elastic ring 32 is a nylon elastic ring 32, and the inner diameter, outer diameter, and thickness of the bottom of the piston 31 match the groove of the cylinder 21.
- the end cover is divided into an inner end cover 41 and an outer end cover 42.
- the inner and outer end covers 42 are both in a circular ring shape.
- the inner side of the inner end cover 41 and the outer side of the outer end cover 42 are connected to the body of the slider 11, and the outer side of the inner end cover 41 Press the inner part of the boss of the piston 31, and the inner end cover 42 presses the outer part of the boss of the piston 31.
- the gap between the inner and outer end covers 42 matches the width of the boss of the piston 31; the inner end cover 41 is between the bosses An inner frame seal 51 is provided, an inner ring groove is provided on the inner end cover 41, an inner stop baffle 52 is installed in the inner ring groove, and the inner stop baffle 52 is close to the outer side of the inner frame seal 51; An outer frame seal 61 is arranged between the bosses, an outer annular groove is arranged on the outer end cover 42, an outer stop baffle 62 is installed in the outer annular groove, and the outer stop baffle 62 is close to the outside of the outer frame seal 61.
- the end cover is provided with a through hole at the place where the reset disc spring is provided, the bottom of the through hole is provided with a step, and the top of the through hole is provided with a sealing plate 43, and the sealing plate 43 is connected with the end cover by bolts.
- the reset disc spring includes a top pin 71, a disc spring 72, and a circlip 73.
- the top pin 71 has a "T" shape and is divided into a pin rod and a pin seat. The diameter of the pin rod matches the through hole, and the diameter of the pin seat matches the step.
- the through hole penetrates, the top of the pin rod is provided with a circlip 73, the pin seat is close to the piston 31, and the four disc springs 72 are sleeved on the pin rod in a face-to-face manner and are located between the pin seat and the step.
- the air seal is divided into an inner air seal 81 and an outer air seal 82.
- the inner air seal 81 is located between the inner side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21, and the outer air seal 82 is located between the outer side of the bottom of the piston 31 and the cylinder 21.
- a guide wear ring 91 is provided on the friction surfaces of the cylinder 21 and the piston 31 and the end cover and the piston 31. The wear of the friction surface of the piston 31 is reduced, and the service life is prolonged.
- the body of the slider 11 and the outer surface of the end cover are in the same plane, and the extending distance of the piston 31 is greater than the distance between the body of the slider 11 and the mouth of the suction pipe 13 of the hull 14.
Abstract
本发明涉及疏浚工程机械技术领域，公开了一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，包括滑块本体、气缸、活塞、端盖、复位碟簧、气封；气缸设在滑块本体朝向船体的一侧，气缸底部设有进气口，活塞位于气缸内，活塞顶部凸台朝向船体，在凸台上固定有弹性环，内外端盖与滑块固定并压住活塞凸台两边，若干组复位弹簧位于端盖内侧与活塞之间，气封位于活塞与气缸之间。发明的优点在于：使用气缸活塞代替气囊，避免气囊爆裂、老化、机械损坏的风险，减少故障的发生率；弹性环有一定的厚度，活塞行程补偿余量充足，能减少摩损，并能适应密封面之间的相对运动和微量倾斜，保持良好密封；大大延长了密封装置的使用寿命。
Description
本发明属于疏浚工程机械技术领域，具体涉及一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置。
现有的耙吸式挖泥船是一种装备有耙头挖掘机具和水力吸泥装置的大型自航耙吸式挖泥船。挖泥时，将耙吸管沿船舷下放，耙吸管的上端安装的滑块移动至舷侧吸泥管口处与船体吸口对接，耙吸管的下端落在河/海床上，在船舶拖拽中，通过耙头自身重量对河/海床进行破土，在耙头内部形成密封空间进行泥浆混合，利用舱内泥泵的真空作用，通过耙头和吸泥管自河/海底吸收泥浆进入挖泥船的泥仓中。但是这种舱内泥泵的吸泥方式，由于管路过长，需要设置大功率泥泵，才能将泥水吸入舱内，设备投入大，运行成本也较高；而且对深度大于泥泵提升高度的河/海床无能为力。
为解决上述问题，目前的方案是：通过将泥泵前置于耙吸管中段，缩短泥泵与耙头的距离，可以提升施工效率，加大挖泥船的作业深度。但是随之而来又产生了新的问题。原有使用舱内泥泵时，耙吸管滑块与船体吸口之间始终处于负压状态，不存在泥水泄漏问题；但将泥泵前置于耙吸管后，耙吸管与吸泥管对接口处于正压状态，如果没有良好的密封装置来密封接口，会产生泥水泄漏问题，造成航道的水质污染。由于对接口深处水下，又需要在对接后密封，工程难度大，控制要求高。因滑块与舷边滑轨装配间隙的影响，耙头着地的瞬间，滑块与吸口扣环之间有瞬时相对运动，而且船舶在拖拽耙吸管时，由于河/海床起伏不定，存在坚硬与柔软区域，耙吸管经过时存在上下、左右方向的摇摆，使得滑块与船体吸口之间有微量相对运动。目前国际和国内设计的滑块密封装置均为气囊型式，该装置是在滑块上设置一环形气囊，对接后向气囊充气，气囊膨胀后密封。但是在实际使用过程中发现，该气囊极易损坏，使用寿命短，更换频繁。损坏的原因主要有摩擦破损、充气压力不当、安装不当造成。由于滑块与吸泥口之间有相对运动，所以会摩擦充气后的气囊；气囊充气压力过小，起不到密封作用，压力过大时气囊长时间疲劳运动缩短寿命，而且不论气压过大或过小都会加速气囊的磨损；由于气囊是弹性件，缺乏支撑，安装进滑块时，如安装不当极易使气囊 少部分突出于滑块，以致下水即坏。目前行业内多家设计单位和船厂均在攻关这一问题，始终未能解决。
发明内容
为克服上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种自航耙滑块吸口气动密封装置。
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。
一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，包括滑块本体、气缸、活塞、端盖、复位弹簧、气封；所述气缸截面为不规则矩形的环形凹槽，设在滑块本体朝向船体的一侧，环形凹槽的开口方向朝向船体，其直径与船体吸泥管直径匹配，在气缸底部设有进气口；所述活塞为环形滑动块，其截面底部较宽、顶部有凸台，截面呈“凸”字形；活塞底部位于气缸内，活塞顶部凸台朝向船体，在凸台上固定有弹性环，活塞底部的内径、外径、厚度与气缸凹槽匹配；所述端盖分为内端盖和外端盖，内、外端盖均为圆环形并与滑块本体连接，内端盖外侧压住活塞凸台内侧部分，外端盖内侧压住活塞凸台外侧部分，内、外端盖之间的间隙与活塞凸台宽度匹配；所述复位弹簧有多组沿端盖圆周均匀分布，复位弹簧的组数与船体吸泥管口直径匹配；所述复位弹簧每组有两个，安装在端盖内，作用于活塞凸台两侧的端面；所述气封分为内气封和外气封，内气封位于活塞底部内侧与气缸之间，外气封位于活塞底部外侧与气缸之间；所述滑块本体与端盖的外表面处于同一平面内，所述活塞伸出的距离大于滑块本体与船体吸泥管口的间隙。
其原理为：在耙吸管滑块与船体吸口对接后，通过进气口通入压缩空气，推动活塞伸出，活塞顶部凸台上的弹性环挤压吸口扣环，形成密封。由于顶推活塞的是压缩气体，活塞伸出的状态是动态的，在耙吸管摇动过程中能够始终贴紧吸口扣环，进行密封。当作业结束时，进气口泄压，活塞在复位碟簧的作用下缩回气缸，解除密封。端盖既作为复位碟簧的施力点，又作为活塞的限位器，无论进气压力怎样增大，活塞行程的变化均不会损坏碟簧组件的封板。弹性环具有一定的厚度，即使吸口扣环与滑块对接面不完全平行，通过挤压弹性环能够实现完全密封，而且即使弹性环磨损至极限厚度时仍能够保持良好的密封。
进一步地所述内气封有两个，外气封有两个。由于靠气压来推动活塞，有效的气体密封非常必要。鉴于为了更好密封气体，采用双气封密封。
进一步地所述气缸内设有两个对称的止动台阶面，止动台阶的边缘距气缸底部的距离大于进气口直径，两止动台阶间距小于活塞底部宽度。止动台阶的边缘 距气缸底部的距离大于进气口直径，保证活塞退回时不会阻塞进气管；两止动台阶间距小于活塞底部宽度，保证活塞退回时被止动台阶卡住。
进一步地在所述内端盖于活塞凸台之间设有内骨架密封，内端盖上设有内环形槽，内环形槽内安装有内止动挡板，内止动挡板紧贴内骨架密封外侧；在所述外端盖于活塞凸台之间设有外骨架密封，外端盖上设有外环形槽，外环形槽内安装有外止动挡板，外止动挡板紧贴外骨架密封外侧。在内端盖与凸台之间需要承受泥水的冲击，泥水的压力较大，肯定冲入内端盖与凸台之间缝隙中，进而对复位碟簧造成不利影响。因此在内端盖与凸台之间设置骨架密封，阻止泥水进入，为固定骨架密封，在端盖上设置环形槽，在环形槽内安装类似卡簧的止动挡板。在外端盖与凸台之间虽没有高压的泥水，只有吸泥管所处位置的水压，为了保护碟簧组件不受海水腐蚀，在外端盖与凸台之间也设置一道骨架密封。
进一步地所述端盖在设有复位弹簧处开有通孔，通孔底部设有台阶，通孔顶部设有封板，封板与端盖螺栓连接；所述复位碟簧包括顶销、碟簧、卡簧，顶销为“T”形分为销杆和销座，销杆直径与通孔匹配，销座直径与台阶匹配，销杆从通孔穿出，销杆顶部设置卡簧，销座紧贴活塞，四片碟簧以面对面的安装方式套在销杆上并位于销座与台阶之间。碟形弹簧在较小的空间内可以承受极大的载荷，与弹簧相比，单位体积的变形能较大，具有良好的缓冲吸震能力。复位碟簧的组数与吸泥管直径相关，一般吸泥管直径500～800mm时，匹配8组复位碟簧；直径900～1200mm时，匹配12组复位碟簧即可。
进一步地所述气缸与活塞及端盖与活塞凸台的摩擦面上设有导向承磨环，减少活塞摩擦面气缸摩擦副的磨损，延长了使用寿命。
进一步地所述弹性环由自润滑高分子弹性材料制成。由于滑块与吸口扣环的相对运动，弹性环与吸口扣环存在微小的滑动摩擦中，对弹性环有一定的磨损，因此使用能够自润滑高分子弹性环可大大减小的磨损程度，延长了维修周期。弹性环具有一定的厚度，补偿余量充足，在活塞行程范围内的磨损不影响密封效果。高分子弹性材料选用超高分子量聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、尼龙中的一种。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
1)使用气缸活塞代替气囊，完全避免了气囊爆裂、气囊老化和气囊被舷侧结构切割损坏的风险，减少了故障的发生率；
2)活塞顶部的自润滑高分子弹性环能有效减少摩损，并能适应滑块与吸口 扣环之间的相对运动和微量倾斜，保持良好密封；
3)气缸、活塞均为刚性材料，活塞行程前后受限，弹性环磨损后，通过适当增加控制气压即可补偿，简化了控制，更换安装简便；
4)活塞行程远大于滑块与吸口扣环之间的间隙，且弹性环具有一定的厚度，补偿余量充足，大大延长了密封装置的使用寿命。
图1为密封装置在滑块中所处位置示意图；
图2为滑块与吸泥口对接时密封装置示意图；
图3密封装置截面局部放大示意图；
图4为密封装置内端盖处局部放大示意图；
图5为密封装置外端盖处局部放大示意图；
其中11.滑块，12.密封装置，13.吸泥管，14.船体，21.气缸，22.止动台阶，23.进气口，31.活塞，32.弹性环，41.内端盖，42.外端盖，43.封板，51.内骨架密封，52.内止动挡板，61.外骨架密封，62.外止动挡板，71.顶销，72.碟簧，73.卡簧，81.内气封，82.外气封，91.导向承磨环。
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。本发明所用的原料均为市售产品。
实施例1
如图1～5所示，一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，包括滑块11本体、气缸21、活塞31、端盖、复位碟簧72、气封。
气缸21为截面呈矩形的环形凹槽，设在滑块11本体朝向船体14的一侧，环形凹槽的开口方向朝向船体14，其直径与船体14吸泥管13口匹配，在气缸21底部设有进气口23，在进气口23上方设有两个对称的止动台阶22，止动台阶22的边缘距气缸21底部的距离大于进气口23直径，两止动台阶22间距小于活塞31底部宽度。
活塞31为环形滑动块，其截面底部较宽、顶部有凸台，形成“凸”字形；活塞31底部位于气缸21内，活塞31顶部凸台朝向船体14，在凸台上固定有弹性环32，弹性环32采用超高分子量聚乙烯弹性环32，活塞31底部的内径、 外径、厚度与气缸21凹槽匹配。
端盖分为内端盖41和外端盖42，内、外端盖42均为圆环形，内端盖41内侧、外端盖42外侧均与滑块11本体连接，内端盖41外侧压住活塞31凸台内侧部分，外端盖42内侧压住活塞31凸台外侧部分，内、外端盖42之间的间隙与活塞31凸台宽度匹配；内端盖41于凸台之间设有内骨架密封51，内端盖41上设有内环形槽，内环形槽内安装有内止动挡板52，内止动挡板52紧贴内骨架密封51外侧；在外端盖42于凸台之间设有外骨架密封61，外端盖42上设有外环形槽，外环形槽内安装有外止动挡板62，外止动挡板62紧贴外骨架密封61外侧。端盖在设有复位碟簧处开有通孔，通孔底部设有台阶，通孔顶部设有封板43，封板43与端盖螺栓连接。
复位碟簧每组有两个，分别位于内、外端盖42内侧与活塞31底部之间。复位碟簧包括顶销71、碟簧72、卡簧73，顶销71为“T”形分为销杆和销座，销杆直径与通孔匹配，销座直径与台阶匹配，销杆从通孔穿出，销杆顶部设置卡簧73，销座紧贴活塞31，四片碟簧72以面对面的方式套在销杆上并位于销座与台阶之间。复位碟簧有多组沿端盖圆周均匀分布，复位碟簧的组数与船体14吸泥管13口直径匹配。
气封分为内气封81和外气封82，内气封81位于活塞31底部内侧与气缸21之间，外气封82位于活塞31底部外侧与气缸21之间；内气封81有两个；外气封82有两个。
气缸21与活塞31及端盖与活塞31的摩擦面上设有导向承磨环91。减少活塞31摩擦面的磨损，延长了使用寿命。
滑块11本体与端盖的外表面处于同一平面内，活塞31伸出的距离大于滑块11本体与船体14吸泥管13口的间距。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，所不同的是，包括滑块11本体、气缸21、活塞31、端盖、复位碟簧72、气封。
气缸21为截面呈矩形的环形凹槽，设在滑块11本体朝向船体14的一侧，环形凹槽的开口方向朝向船体14，其直径与船体14吸泥管13口匹配，在气缸21底部设有进气口23，在进气口23上方设有两个对称的止动台阶22，止动台阶22的边缘距气缸21底部的距离大于进气口23直径，两止动台阶22间距小 于活塞31底部宽度。
活塞31为环形滑动块，其截面底部较宽、顶部有凸台，形成“凸”字形；活塞31底部位于气缸21内，活塞31顶部凸台朝向船体14，在凸台上固定有弹性环32，弹性环32采用聚四氟乙烯弹性环32，活塞31底部的内径、外径、厚度与气缸21凹槽匹配。
端盖分为内端盖41和外端盖42，内、外端盖42均为圆环形，内端盖41内侧、外端盖42外侧均与滑块11本体连接，内端盖41外侧压住活塞31凸台内侧部分，外端盖42内侧压住活塞31凸台外侧部分，内、外端盖42之间的间隙与活塞31凸台宽度匹配。
复位碟簧每组有两个，分别位于内、外端盖42内侧与活塞31底部之间。复位碟簧包括顶销71、碟簧72、卡簧73，顶销71为“T”形分为销杆和销座，销杆直径与通孔匹配，销座直径与台阶匹配，销杆从通孔穿出，销杆顶部设置卡簧73，销座紧贴活塞31，四片碟簧72以面对面的方式套在销杆上并位于销座与台阶之间。复位碟簧有多组沿端盖圆周均匀分布，复位碟簧的组数与船体14吸泥管13口直径匹配。
气封分为内气封81和外气封82，内气封81位于活塞31底部内侧与气缸21之间，外气封82位于活塞31底部外侧与气缸21之间；内气封81有两个，外气封82有两个。
气缸21与活塞31及端盖与活塞31的摩擦面上设有导向承磨环91。减少活塞31摩擦面的磨损，延长了使用寿命。
滑块11本体与端盖的外表面处于同一平面内，活塞31伸出的距离大于滑块11本体与船体14吸泥管13口的间距。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，所不同的是，包括滑块11本体、气缸21、活塞31、端盖、复位碟簧72、气封。
气缸21为截面呈矩形的环形凹槽，设在滑块11本体朝向船体14的一侧，环形凹槽的开口方向朝向船体14，其直径与船体14吸泥管13口匹配，在气缸21底部设有进气口23，在进气口23上方设有两个对称的止动台阶22，止动台阶22的边缘距气缸21底部的距离大于进气口23直径，两止动台阶22间距小于活塞31底部宽度。
活塞31为环形滑动块，其截面底部较宽、顶部有凸台，形成“凸”字形；活塞31底部位于气缸21内，活塞31顶部凸台朝向船体14，在凸台上固定有弹性环32，弹性环32采用尼龙弹性环32，活塞31底部的内径、外径、厚度与气缸21凹槽匹配。
端盖分为内端盖41和外端盖42，内、外端盖42均为圆环形，内端盖41内侧、外端盖42外侧均与滑块11本体连接，内端盖41外侧压住活塞31凸台内侧部分，外端盖42内侧压住活塞31凸台外侧部分，内、外端盖42之间的间隙与活塞31凸台宽度匹配；内端盖41于凸台之间设有内骨架密封51，内端盖41上设有内环形槽，内环形槽内安装有内止动挡板52，内止动挡板52紧贴内骨架密封51外侧；在外端盖42于凸台之间设有外骨架密封61，外端盖42上设有外环形槽，外环形槽内安装有外止动挡板62，外止动挡板62紧贴外骨架密封61外侧。端盖在设有复位碟簧处开有通孔，通孔底部设有台阶，通孔顶部设有封板43，封板43与端盖螺栓连接。
复位碟簧每组有两个，分别位于内、外端盖42内侧与活塞31底部之间。复位碟簧包括顶销71、碟簧72、卡簧73，顶销71为“T”形分为销杆和销座，销杆直径与通孔匹配，销座直径与台阶匹配，销杆从通孔穿出，销杆顶部设置卡簧73，销座紧贴活塞31，四片碟簧72以面对面的方式套在销杆上并位于销座与台阶之间。复位碟簧有多组沿端盖圆周均匀分布，复位碟簧的组数与船体14吸泥管13口直径匹配。
气封分为内气封81和外气封82，内气封81位于活塞31底部内侧与气缸21之间，外气封82位于活塞31底部外侧与气缸21之间。
气缸21与活塞31及端盖与活塞31的摩擦面上设有导向承磨环91。减少活塞31摩擦面的磨损，延长了使用寿命。
滑块11本体与端盖的外表面处于同一平面内，活塞31伸出的距离大于滑块11本体与船体14吸泥管13口的间距。
本发明按照上述实施例进行了说明，应当理解，上述实施例不以任何形式限定本发明，凡采用等同替换或等效变换方式所获得的技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
- 一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，包括滑块本体、气缸、活塞、端盖、复位弹簧、气封；所述气缸截面为不规则矩形的环形凹槽，设在滑块本体朝向船体的一侧，环形凹槽的开口方向朝向船体，其直径与船体吸泥管直径匹配，在气缸底部设有进气口；所述活塞为环形滑动块，其截面底部较宽、顶部有凸台，截面呈“凸”字形；活塞底部位于气缸内，活塞顶部凸台朝向船体，在凸台上固定有弹性环，活塞底部的内径、外径、厚度与气缸凹槽匹配；所述端盖分为内端盖和外端盖，内、外端盖均为圆环形并与滑块本体连接，内端盖外侧压住活塞凸台内侧部分，外端盖内侧压住活塞凸台外侧部分，内、外端盖之间的间隙与活塞凸台宽度匹配；所述复位弹簧有多组沿端盖圆周均匀分布，复位弹簧的组数与船体吸泥管口直径匹配；所述复位弹簧每组有两个，安装在端盖内，作用于活塞凸台两侧的端面；所述气封分为内气封和外气封，内气封位于活塞底部内侧与气缸之间，外气封位于活塞底部外侧与气缸之间；所述滑块本体与端盖的外表面处于同一平面内，所述活塞伸出的距离大于滑块本体与船体吸泥管口的间隙。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，所述内气封有两个，外气封有两个。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，所述气缸内设有两个对称的止动台阶，止动台阶的边缘距气缸底部的距离大于进气口直径，两止动台阶间距小于活塞底部宽度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，在所述内端盖与活塞凸台之间设有内骨架密封，内端盖上设有内环形槽，内环形槽内安装有内止动挡板，内止动挡板紧贴内骨架密封外侧；在所述外端盖与活塞凸台之间设有外骨架密封，外端盖上设有外环形槽，外环形槽内安装有外止动挡板，外止动挡板紧贴外骨架密封外侧。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，所述端盖在设有复位弹簧处开有通孔，通孔底部设有台阶，通孔顶部设有封 板，封板与端盖螺栓连接；所述复位碟簧包括顶销、碟簧、卡簧，顶销为“T”形分为销杆和销座，销杆直径与通孔匹配，销座直径与台阶匹配，销杆从通孔穿出，销杆顶部设置卡簧，销座紧贴活塞，四片碟簧以面对面的安装方式套在销杆上并位于销座与台阶之间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种耙吸式挖泥船舷侧吸口气动密封装置，其特征在于，所述弹性环采用自润滑高分子弹性环。
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