WO2021132275A1 - Abrasion detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

This abrasion detection device is for a journal bearing mechanism in which a shaft orbits along the inner circumferential surface of a bearing, the device comprising: a detector that is attached to the shaft and/or to a bearing structure which includes the bearing, and that detects a predetermined value relating to the orbit of the shaft with respect to the bearing structure; and a determiner that determines whether an orbital variation, estimated from the predetermined value and relative to a prescribed reference orbit, has exceeded a predetermined variation.

Description

Wear detector

The present invention relates to a wear detection device that detects wear of a journal bearing mechanism.

In a journal bearing mechanism including a shaft and a plain bearing that supports a load in the radial direction of the shaft, if the shaft or the bearing wears due to contact between the shaft and the bearing, an appropriate load cannot be received, and a normal shaft cannot be received. Can no longer be supported. Therefore, it is required to detect such wear at an early stage.

Conventionally, the judgment of wear in the bearing mechanism is to visually observe the wear state of the shaft or the bearing surface at the time of release inspection of the device, or to measure the shaft diameter, the inner diameter of the bearing, or the thickness in the radial direction of the bearing. Is done by. However, with such a method, it is not possible to detect the progress of wear during operation of the device in real time.

The following non-patent document 1 has been proposed as a real-time condition monitoring technique in a journal bearing mechanism. In Non-Patent Document 1, the height position of the crosshead that connects the piston and the connecting rod connected to the crankshaft in order to detect the wear of any of the main bearing, crankpin bearing, and crosshead bearing of the diesel engine. (Position of bottom dead center) is detected, and when the height position changes, it is detected that the wear is progressing.

However, the detection method of Non-Patent Document 1 cannot be applied to a wide range of general journal bearing mechanisms. That is, since the detection method of Non-Patent Document 1 estimates the amount of wear of the bearing based on the change in the height position of the crosshead when the piston is at the bottom dead center, a diesel engine or a reciprocating engine having a crank mechanism. This is a technology specialized for engine bearings. As described above, this detection method is a journal in which the shaft is not positioned at a fixed position with respect to the bearing and the shaft revolves relative to the bearing, such as the upper bearing of a rotary crusher. It cannot be applied to bearing mechanisms.

The present invention solves the above problems, is widely applicable to a journal bearing mechanism in which the shaft revolves relative to the bearing, and is a wear detection device capable of detecting a wear state even during operation of the journal bearing mechanism. The purpose is to provide.

The wear detection device according to one aspect of the present invention is a wear detection device of a journal bearing mechanism in which a shaft revolves along an inner peripheral surface of a bearing, and is at least one of the shaft and a bearing structure including the bearing. A detector attached to one of the shafts to detect a predetermined value of the revolving track with respect to the bearing structure of the shaft, and a change of the revolving track estimated from the predetermined value with respect to a predetermined reference revolving track. It is provided with a determination device for determining whether or not the size is larger than a predetermined value.

According to the above configuration, in the journal bearing mechanism in which the shaft revolves along the inner peripheral surface of the bearing, the change in the revolution trajectory is estimated from the value that specifies the revolution trajectory with respect to the bearing structure of the shaft. The estimated change in the orbit is compared with the reference orbit, thereby determining the wear condition. Therefore, since the wear detection device having the above configuration can detect the wear state from the change in the revolving track, it can be widely applied to the journal bearing mechanism in which the shaft revolves relative to the bearing structure. The wear state can be detected even during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism.

The wear detection device includes a storage device that stores a predetermined value related to the revolution orbit in a time series at predetermined time intervals, and the determination device determines that wear progresses from a plurality of the predetermined values stored in the time series. The progress may be output.

According to the above configuration, the progress of wear progress can be grasped together with the judgment result.

The detector may be configured to detect the distance between the shaft and the bearing structure at two or more locations different in the circumferential direction.

The detector is located on the shaft at a first position of the bearing structure and at a second position different from the first position of the bearing structure and a first sensor arranged so as to face the shaft. The second sensor includes a second sensor arranged so as to face each other, the first sensor detects a first distance between the first position and the shaft, and the second sensor with the second position. The second distance to the shaft may be detected.

The detector intersects a first position on the shaft with a first sensor arranged in a first direction facing the bearing structure and a second position on the shaft in the first direction. A second sensor, which is arranged so as to face the bearing structure in a second direction, is provided, and the first sensor is a first distance between the first position and the bearing structure. The second sensor may detect a second distance between the second position and the bearing structure.

According to the above configuration, since the distance between the shaft and the bearing structure is detected from two directions in the radial direction, the center position of the bearing structure viewed from the center of the shaft can be calculated, and the center position data can be obtained. By accumulating, the diameter of the revolving orbit can be estimated.

Further, the detector may include a third sensor that detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft.

According to the above configuration, when the first distance and the second distance are detected, the phase due to the rotation of the shaft is also detected. Therefore, in the revolution orbit of the shaft obtained by detecting the first distance and the second distance, The effect of the rotation of the shaft can be canceled in advance. Therefore, it is not necessary to take a long detection time for the first distance and the second distance in order to cancel the influence of the rotation of the shaft, and the time for obtaining the revolution orbit can be shortened.

The determination device calculates the coordinates of the center position of the shaft from the distance between the shaft and the bearing structure at the two or more locations, and accumulates the coordinates of the center position of the shaft for a predetermined period. The orbit at the center position of the axis may be obtained as the revolving orbit, and the distance between the two farthest points in the obtained revolving orbit may be compared with the corresponding value in the reference revolving orbit.

According to the above configuration, the coordinates of the center position of the shaft are calculated based on the distance between the shaft and the bearing structure obtained from the two directions in the radial direction. By comparing using the distance between the two farthest points in the revolution orbit obtained based on the coordinates of the center position of the axis, it is possible to simply detect whether or not the wear is progressing.

The detector includes a fourth sensor attached to the shaft and a fifth sensor that detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft, and the fourth sensor extends in the radial direction of the shaft and is different from each other. Acceleration in one direction may be detected.

The wear detection device according to another aspect of the present invention is a wear detection device for the upper bearing of a rotary crusher, and the rotary crusher is rotatably arranged inside a cone cave. An upper bearing structure including a spindle whose axis is inclined with respect to the axis of the cone cave and eccentrically swivels, and an upper bearing that rotatably supports the upper end of the spindle, and an upper bearing structure provided on the spindle. A mantle and a lower bearing that rotatably supports the lower end of the spindle are provided, and the wear detection device is attached to at least one of the spindle and the upper bearing structure, and the spindle is said to have the same. A detector that detects a predetermined value regarding the revolving track for the upper bearing structure, and determines whether or not the change in the revolving track estimated from the predetermined value with respect to the predetermined reference revolving track is larger than the predetermined value. It is equipped with a judgment device.

It can be said that the spindle and the upper bearing structure in the rotary crusher are journal bearing mechanisms in which the spindle revolves relative to the upper bearing. Therefore, according to the above configuration, the value for specifying the revolving track for the upper bearing structure of the spindle is compared with the value for specifying the reference revolving track, thereby determining the wear state. For this reason, the wear state of the upper end and / or upper bearing of the spindle, which could only be determined by performing a release inspection on the rotary crusher in the past, can be determined even during operation of the rotary crusher. Can be detected.

According to the present invention, it can be widely applied to a journal bearing mechanism in which the shaft revolves relative to the bearing, and a wear state can be detected even during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temporal changes of the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 in the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the orbit of revolution obtained from the graph shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the first modification of the present embodiment is applied. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the second modification of the present embodiment is applied. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the modified example of the second embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of a rotary crusher to which the wear detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

Hereinafter, a mode for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following, the same or corresponding elements will be designated by the same reference numerals throughout all the figures, and duplicate description thereof will be omitted.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG. In the present embodiment, the wear detection device 1 is configured to detect wear in the journal bearing mechanism 5. The journal bearing mechanism 5 includes a shaft 2 and a bearing structure 4 including a slide bearing (hereinafter, simply referred to as a bearing) 3 that supports a radial load of the shaft 2. In addition, within the scope of this specification and claims, the bearing structure 4 is integrally formed with the bearing 3 and the bearing 3 (the structure 6 is configured so as not to rotate relative to the bearing 3 around the axis). It is defined as a concept that includes and.

In the journal bearing mechanism 5 to which the wear detection device 1 is applied, the shaft 2 revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3. At this time, the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 are in a substantially contact state even during the revolution. The journal bearing mechanism 5 capable of detecting wear in the wear detecting device 1 is provided only when the shaft 2 revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3 and is in a substantially contact state on the entire outer edge of the revolving track. Instead, the shaft 2 may be in contact with the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3 at two or more points in the circumferential direction at the outer edge of the revolution track.

The almost contact state is (i) a weak fluid lubrication state in which the thickness of the fluid lubrication film is several μm to 10 μm or less, and there may be a contact state which is usually fluid lubrication but does not go through the fluid lubrication film momentarily, (ii) A mixed lubrication state in which a fluid lubrication state and a boundary lubrication state (a state in which the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 partially contact without a fluid lubrication film) are mixed, (iii) a boundary lubrication state, and (iv) a solid lubricant. Includes a contact state via, and (v) a solid contact state in which the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 are in direct contact with each other.

The wear detection device 1 includes a detector 7, a determination device 8, a storage device 9, and an output device 10. Each of the configurations 7 to 10 of the wear detection device 1 transmits data to each other by the bus 11. The wear detection device 1 may be configured by a control device of a device or equipment (for example, a rotary crusher described later) provided with a journal bearing mechanism 5, or is provided in the device or equipment separately from the control device. It may be configured by a computer for detecting wear, or it may be configured by a computer provided (remotely) separately from the device or equipment. In addition, some of the functions that make up the wear detection device 1 are exerted by the control device of the device or equipment, and other functions are exerted by the remote computer, and data is mutually exchanged between these computers by communication means such as wireless communication. It may be configured for communication.

In the present embodiment, the detector 7 is attached to the bearing structure 4 and detects a predetermined value regarding the orbit of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4. The detector 7 is configured to detect the distance between the shaft 2 and the bearing structure 4 at two or more locations different in the circumferential direction. More specifically, the detector 7 is arranged at the first position 41 of the bearing structure 4 so as to face the shaft 2 (side surface S2), and the first sensor 71 of the bearing structure 4. A second sensor 72, which is arranged so as to face the shaft 2 (side surface S2), is provided at a second position 42 different from the position 41.

The first sensor 71 is composed of a displacement sensor that detects the first distance δ1 between the first position 41 and the side surface S2 of the shaft 2. Similarly, the second sensor 72 is composed of a displacement sensor that detects a second distance δ2 between the second position 42 and the side surface S2 of the shaft 2. The displacement sensor is not particularly limited as long as it is a sensor such as a gap sensor, a laser displacement meter, a contact type displacement sensor, or the like that can measure the distance of the facing shaft 2 from the side surface S2.

The storage device 9 includes a non-volatile storage device such as a flash memory or a hard disk drive, and stores the detected value from the detector 7. Further, the storage device 9 stores a calculation program for wear detection processing and a predetermined value (reference value and / or threshold value) based on the reference revolution trajectory used for the determination processing described later. Further, the storage device 9 includes a volatile memory such as a RAM that temporarily stores the calculation contents of the determination device 8.

The determination device 8 is composed of a calculation device (processor) that executes wear detection processing of the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 based on a calculation program stored in the storage device 9 and various information. The result of the wear detection process is stored in the storage device 9 and output from the output device 10. The mode of the output device 10 is not particularly limited. For example, the output device 10 may have a configuration capable of notifying the result of wear detection (the degree of wear has advanced by a predetermined value or more), such as a monitor, a warning lamp, and an alarm speaker provided in the device or equipment.

Hereinafter, the wear detection process in the present embodiment will be described. As described above, the detector 7 detects the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 as predetermined values regarding the orbit of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4. The detector 7 continuously or intermittently detects the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism 5 (during the operation of the device or equipment equipped with the journal bearing mechanism 5). To do.

In the present embodiment, the virtual first line segment L1 connecting the center position (center position of the bearing 3) O3 of the first sensor 71 and the bearing structure 4 and the center position O3 of the second sensor 72 and the bearing structure 4 are connected. It is orthogonal to the virtual second line segment L2 that connects the two. In the following, the direction of the first line segment L1 is the x direction, and the direction of the second line segment L2 is the y direction.

In FIG. 1, the ratio of the gap between the side surface S2 of the shaft 2 and the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3 is increased with respect to the radius r of the shaft 2 in order to make the drawing easy to understand. However, in reality, this gap is sufficiently small with respect to the radius r of the shaft 2. Therefore, the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72 are also sufficiently small with respect to the radius r of the axis 2. In this case, the coordinates (x, y) of the center position O2 (hereinafter referred to as the axis O2) of the axis 2 in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 are (x, y) ≈ (r + δ1, r + δ2). It is represented by.

In this Cartesian coordinate system, the virtual line passing through the first position 41 where the first sensor 71 is located and orthogonal to the first line segment L1 is the y-axis (x = 0), and the second sensor 72 is located. The virtual line passing through the second position 42 and orthogonal to the second line segment L2 becomes the x-axis (y = 0), and the intersection thereof becomes the origin Oxy.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temporal changes of the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 in the present embodiment. As described above, the shaft 2 in the present embodiment revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3. Therefore, the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 change periodically regardless of the degree of wear.

As described above, the determination device 8 calculates the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 from the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the detector 7, and the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2. ) Is accumulated for a predetermined period of time to obtain the orbit of the axis O2 as the orbit. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the orbit of revolution obtained from the graph shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the revolution orbit T obtained in the present embodiment is a circular orbit.

In the revolution orbit T, its diameter changes due to factors other than wear such as rotational shake of the shaft 2. However, as the wear progresses, the diameter of the revolution orbit T increases on average. Therefore, the degree of wear can be detected by comparing the diameter of the revolution orbit T with the reference value.

The determination device 8 determines whether or not the change in the revolution orbit T with respect to the predetermined reference revolution orbit is larger than a predetermined value. In the present embodiment, the determination device 8 compares the distance (maximum diameter) L between the two farthest points in the obtained revolution orbit T with the reference diameter Lo in the reference revolution orbit. For example, a value that is α times the reference diameter Lo is set as the threshold value Lth (= αLo). When the maximum diameter L exceeds the threshold value Lth, the determination device 8 determines that wear is progressing (abnormal wear). By setting a plurality of values of α, it is possible to determine the degree of wear step by step.

According to the above configuration, in the journal bearing mechanism 5 in which the shaft 2 revolves along the inner peripheral surface S1 of the bearing 3, the value (maximum diameter L) that specifies the revolution trajectory T with respect to the bearing structure 4 of the shaft 2 is the reference revolution. It is compared with a value that specifies the trajectory (reference diameter Lo or threshold Lth), thereby determining the wear state. In this way, the change in the revolution orbit T is estimated from the value that specifies the revolution orbit T. The estimated change in the orbit T is compared with the reference orbit. Therefore, the wear detection device 1 having the above configuration can detect the wear state from the change in the revolution trajectory T, so that the wear state can be detected during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism 5. Further, the present embodiment is widely applicable to the journal bearing mechanism 5 in which the shaft 2 revolves relative to the bearing 3.

Further, the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 are calculated based on the distances δ1 and δ2 between the shaft 2 and the bearing structure 4 obtained from the two directions in the radial direction. By using the distance (maximum diameter) L between the two farthest points in the orbit T obtained based on the coordinates of the axis O2, it is possible to simply detect whether or not the wear is progressing.

Further, the storage device 9 may store the maximum diameter L or the amount of wear obtained from the maximum diameter L and the reference diameter Lo or the threshold value Lth in chronological order at predetermined time intervals. In this case, the determination device 8 can output the progress of wear progress from a plurality of maximum diameters L or wear amounts stored in time series. For example, the determination device 8 may create a graph of the time change of the maximum diameter L or the amount of wear. As a result, it is possible to grasp the progress of wear progress together with the determination result.

[Modification 1]
In the above embodiment, the mode in which the first sensor 71 and the second sensor 72 are arranged in orthogonal directions has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the first modification of the present embodiment is applied. In FIG. 5, the configuration of the wear detection device 1 other than the detector 7 (first sensor 71 and second sensor 72) is not shown. Other similar configurations are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The difference in FIG. 5 from the example of FIG. 1 is that the positional relationship between the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B is significant except that the angle θ formed by the first line segment L1 and the second line segment L2 is 90 °. It has an angle (θ ≠ 0 °). In this modification, the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 passes through the first position 41 where the first sensor 71 is located, and the positions of the virtual line L3 perpendicular to the first line segment L1 and the positions of the second sensor 72. The origin Oxy is the intersection with the virtual line (x-axis) that passes through the second position 42 and is orthogonal to the second line segment L2.

Also in this modification, considering that the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72 are sufficiently smaller than the radius r of the axis 2, the coordinates of the axis O2 in the Cartesian coordinate system ( x, y) is represented by (x, y) ≈ ((r + δ1) / sinβ + (r + δ2) / tanβ, r + δ2) using the angle β (β = 180 ° −θ). Expressed by the angle θ formed by the first line segment L1 and the second line segment L2, the coordinates (x, y) in the Cartesian coordinate system of the axis O2 are (x, y) ≈ ((r + δ1) / sinθ− (r + δ2). ) / Tanθ, r + δ2).

Therefore, even when the angle θ formed by the first line segment L1 and the second line segment L2 is other than 90 °, the coordinates of the axis O2 can be represented in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4. Therefore, the trajectory of the axis O2 can be obtained as the revolution trajectory T as in the above embodiment.

Depending on the installation location of the journal bearing mechanism 5 in the equipment or equipment, the two sensors 71 and 72 may not always be arranged orthogonally as shown in FIG. Even if there are restrictions on the installation of the sensors 71 and 72, as described above, it is possible to convert to the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 by using the trigonometric function. It can be preferably applied.

However, if the two sensors 71 and 72 can be arranged orthogonally, by arranging them orthogonally, the coordinates of the axis O2 from the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72, respectively ( While improving the accuracy of calculating x, y), the amount of calculation can be reduced, and the processing load of the determination device 8 can be reduced.

[Modification 2]
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the second modification of the present embodiment is applied. In FIG. 6, the configuration of the wear detection device 1 other than the first sensor 71 is not shown.

In the above embodiment, the mode in which the two sensors 71 and 72 are arranged so as to face the side surface S2 of the shaft 2 has been described, but the mounting positions of the two sensors 71 and 72 or the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 have been described. Depending on the structure, it is assumed that the two sensors 71 and 72 cannot be arranged so as to directly face the side surface S2 of the shaft 2.

In such a case, as shown in FIG. 6, a columnar extension member (first extension member) 12 coaxial with the shaft 2 and having a radius r12 sufficiently larger than δ1 and δ2 is attached to the end of the shaft 2. ..

Therefore, even if the end portion of the shaft 2 whose wear is to be detected does not protrude from the bearing 3 or the protruding portion is short, the first extension member 12 can be attached to the bearing structure 4. When the sensors 71 and 72 are attached, these sensors 71 and 72 can be arranged so as to face the first extension member 12 that moves integrally with the shaft 2. Thereby, the revolution orbit T of the shaft 2 can be easily obtained regardless of the shape of the shaft 2.

When the end of the shaft 2 does not protrude from the bearing 3, the existing shaft is replaced with an existing shaft having a shaft length such that the end of the shaft 2 protrudes from the bearing 3. You may replace it with.

[Embodiment 2]
Next, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of the journal bearing mechanism shown in FIG. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the same configurations as those in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The difference between the wear detection device 1B in the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B constituting the detector 7B are provided on the shaft 2 side, and further constitute the detector 7B. As a sensor, a third sensor 74 for detecting the phase is provided. More specifically, the detector 7B is arranged at the first position 21 radially deviated from the center position O2 on the shaft 2 toward the first direction D1 facing the bearing structure 4. The 1 sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B arranged at the second position 22 at the end of the shaft 2 toward the second direction D2 which intersects the first direction D1 and faces the bearing structure 4. It includes a third sensor 74 that detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft 2.

The third sensor 74 is configured as, for example, a sensor that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the shaft 2. For example, the third sensor 74 is composed of a rotary encoder or the like that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the spindle 105 in the application example (FIG. 11) to the rotary crusher 100 described later. For example, the rotary encoder main body is attached to the bearing 3 side, and the rotary encoder main body and the shaft 2 are connected via a coupling provided with a flexible shaft. The value detected by the third sensor 74 is input to the determination device 8 via the bus 11.

In the present embodiment, the bearing structure 4 includes a cylindrical extension member (second extension member) 13 extending axially from the bearing 3.

The second extension member 13 is arranged coaxially with the center position O3 of the bearing structure 4. The axial length of the second extension member 13 is determined so that the two sensors 71B and 72B can face each other on the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13. The first sensor 71B detects the first distance δ1 between the first position 21 and the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13, and the second sensor 72B detects the second position 22 and the second extension member 13. The second distance δ2 with the inner peripheral surface S4 is detected. The third sensor 74 detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft 2. For example, the third sensor 74 detects the rotation angle ρ of the axis 2 with reference to when the first sensor 71B faces the −x direction (0 °). In this example, the rotation angle ρ is positive in the direction in which the first sensor 71B is in phase with respect to the second sensor 72B (clockwise in FIG. 7).

Also in this embodiment, the radius r of the shaft 2 is configured to be sufficiently larger than the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the two sensors 71B and 72B.

In the present embodiment, the coordinates of the axis O2 of the axis 2 in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 are obtained from the distance δ1 in the first direction D1, the distance δ2 in the second direction D2, and the rotation angle ρ. Calculate O2 (x, y).

By measuring the rotation angle ρ, it is possible to convert the value measured in the coordinate system of the axis 2 into the coordinate system of the bearing structure 4. As shown in FIG. 7, assuming that the radius of the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13 is R, the axis 2 of the axis 2 with respect to the center position O3 of the bearing structure 4 in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4. The coordinates O2 (x, y) of O2 are expressed as O2 (x, y) ≈ (r + δ1-R) cosρ + (r + δ2-R) sinρ,-(r + δ1-R) sinρ + (r + δ2-R) cosρ).

Thereby, in the revolution orbit T of the axis 2 obtained by detecting the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2, the influence of the rotation of the axis 2 can be canceled in advance. Therefore, it is not necessary to lengthen the detection time of the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 in order to cancel the influence of the rotation of the axis 2, and the time for obtaining the revolution orbit T can be shortened.

Note that the coordinates of the axis O2 can be determined in the same manner even when the two sensors 71B and 72B are not arranged orthogonally (in the case of the above modification 1). Therefore, even when the first and second sensors 71B and 72B are attached to the shaft 2 side as the detector 7B and the third sensor for detecting the rotation phase of the shaft 2 is attached, the revolution orbit T of the shaft 2 can be easily achieved. Can be obtained.

In this way, the journal bearing mechanism 5 is also in operation by attaching the first and second sensors 71B and 72B on the shaft 2 side as the detector 7B and attaching the third sensor 74 that detects the phase due to the rotation of the shaft 2. It is possible to detect the wear state. Further, this embodiment is also widely applicable to the journal bearing mechanism 5 in which the shaft 2 revolves relative to the bearing 3.

In the present embodiment, the configuration in which the second extension member 13 extending in the axial direction from the bearing 3 is provided is illustrated, but when the bearing structure 4 (for example, the structure 6) is long in the axial direction, the bearing structure 4 (for example, the structure 6) is long in the axial direction. The second extension member 13 may be omitted. In this case, the first sensor 71B detects the first distance δ1 between the first position 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing structure 4 (structure 6) facing the first position 21, and the second sensor 72B second. The second distance δ2 between the position 22 and the inner peripheral surface of the bearing structure 4 facing the position 22 is detected.

[Modification example]
In the above embodiment, the configuration including the first sensor 71B, the second sensor 72B, and the third sensor 74 has been described, but the third sensor 74 may not be provided. FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the modified example of the second embodiment of the present invention is applied.

In this modification, the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the axis 2 can be calculated by using the Cartesian coordinate system (x', y') fixed to the axis O2 of the axis 2. By accumulating the center position data, the history of the change in the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the shaft 2 (relative revolution trajectory T'of the bearing structure 4 as seen from the shaft 2) can be obtained. The diameter of the orbit T can be estimated from the history of the change in the center position of the bearing structure 4 in the coordinate system of the axis 2. Assuming that the radius of the inner peripheral surface S4 of the second extension member 13 is R, the coordinates O3 (x', y') of the center position O3 of the bearing structure 4 are O3 (x', y') = (r + δ1-R). , R + δ2-R).

Even when the two sensors 71B and 72B are not arranged orthogonally (in the case of the above modification 1), the coordinates of the axis O2 can be determined in the same manner. Therefore, even if the third sensor 74 that detects the phase of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4 is not provided, the shaft 2 can be measured by attaching the first sensor 71B and the second sensor 72B to the shaft 2. The diameter of the orbit T can be easily obtained from the relative orbit T'of the bearing structure 4 as viewed from the above.

In this way, the two sensors 71B and 72B provided on the shaft 2 can detect the wear state during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism 5. Further, this embodiment is also widely applicable to the journal bearing mechanism 5 in which the shaft 2 revolves relative to the bearing 3.

[Embodiment 3]
Next, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a journal bearing mechanism to which the wear detection device according to the third embodiment of the present invention is applied. In FIG. 10, the same components as those in the second embodiment (FIG. 7) are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The difference between the wear detection device 1C in the present embodiment and the second embodiment is that the fourth sensor 73 provided on the shaft 2 as the detector 7C extends in the radial direction of the shaft 2 and accelerates in two different directions. The fifth sensor 75 is configured to detect and detect the phase (rotation angle) ρ due to the rotation of the shaft 2.

That is, the fourth sensor 73 includes acceleration sensors in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 orthogonal to the axial direction of the axis 2, and the fifth sensor 75 includes a phase sensor that detects the phase due to the rotation of the axis 2. .. The fifth sensor 75 is configured as, for example, a sensor that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the shaft 2. For example, the fifth sensor 75 is composed of a rotary encoder or the like that detects the amount of rotational displacement of the spindle 105 in the application example (FIG. 11) to the rotary crusher 100 described later. The value detected by the fifth sensor 75 is input to the determination device 8 via the bus 11.

According to the above configuration, the fourth sensor 73 detects the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2, and the fifth sensor 75 fixes the shaft 2 at a predetermined position (for example, fixed to the bearing structure 4). The rotation angle ρ from the x-axis in the Cartesian coordinate system is detected. That is, the detector 7C detects the acceleration and the phase of the shaft 2 as predetermined values regarding the orbit of the shaft 2 with respect to the bearing structure 4.

The determination device 8 calculates the x-axis component and the y-axis component in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4 at the acceleration a1 from the acceleration a1 and the rotation angle ρ in the first direction D1. Similarly, the determination device 8 calculates the x-axis component and the y-axis component of the acceleration a2 from the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2 and the rotation angle ρ.

The determination device 8 calculates the acceleration of the x-axis component of the axis 2 by adding the x-axis component of the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the x-axis component of the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2. Similarly, the y-axis component of the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the y-axis component of the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2 are added to calculate the acceleration of the y-axis component of the axis 2.

Instead of this, the determination device 8 calculates the magnitude and direction of the acceleration in the Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the axis 2 from the acceleration a1 in the first direction D1 and the acceleration a2 in the second direction D2, and calculates the magnitude and direction of the acceleration. It may be converted into a Cartesian coordinate system fixed to the bearing structure 4.

The determination device 8 integrates the obtained x-axis component and y-axis component of the axis 2 to calculate the positional displacement of the axis 2. The determination device 8 obtains the trajectory of the axis O2 as the revolution trajectory T by accumulating the position displacement thus obtained for a predetermined period of time. Similar to the first embodiment, the determination device 8 determines whether or not the change in the revolution orbit T with respect to the predetermined reference revolution orbit is larger than a predetermined value.

In this way, by using the acceleration sensor as the detector 7C, it is possible to detect the wear state during the operation of the journal bearing mechanism 5. Further, this embodiment is also widely applicable to the journal bearing mechanism 5 in which the shaft 2 revolves relative to the bearing 3.

Also in the present embodiment, it is preferable that the first direction D1 and the second direction D2, which are the acceleration detection directions, are orthogonal to each other, but it does not have to be orthogonal to each other as in the modification 1. ..

[Other variants]
Although the first to third embodiments of the present invention and modified examples thereof have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modified examples thereof, and various improvements are made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. , Can be changed and modified.

For example, at least two of the above-described embodiments 1 to 3 and the corresponding modifications may be appropriately combined.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the revolution orbit T has a circular shape is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be applied to a journal bearing mechanism 5 having a revolution orbit T having various approximate shapes such as an oval, an ellipse, a polygon, and a star. For example, when the revolution orbit T is oval or elliptical, the determination device 8 sets the maximum diameter in the major axis direction as a value for specifying the revolution orbit T with respect to the bearing structure 4 of the shaft 2, and the length in the reference revolution orbit. It may be compared with the axial diameter. Further, the revolution orbit T may be a reciprocating straight orbit.

The present invention is also applicable to a journal bearing mechanism 5 having a revolution orbit T such that the approximate shape further rotates (for example, the elliptical orbit itself is not localized). For example, even when the elliptical orbit T rotates around the center point of the ellipse (the direction of the major axis changes with the passage of time), the distance between the shaft 2 and the bearing structure 4 differs in the circumferential direction at two locations. By detecting as described above, the orbit T can be correctly measured regardless of the position in the circumferential direction of the major axis.

Further, the value for specifying the revolution orbit T in order to compare the revolution orbit T obtained from the detector 7 with the reference revolution orbit is not limited to the diameter as described above. For example, the area of the revolution orbit T, the radius of curvature, or the like may be used as the value for specifying the revolution orbit T. Further, when comparing the orbit T with the reference orbit, the orbit T may be approximated to a predetermined shape or line segment and then compared with the reference orbit. For example, the orbit may be approximated by curve fitting using regression analysis such as the least squares method. Further, the revolution orbit may be approximated by setting in advance an approximate expression using the value detected by the detector 7 as a parameter and substituting the value detected by the detector 7 into the approximate expression.

Further, in the above embodiment, the configuration in which two sensors 71 and 72 are provided as the detector 7 has been described, but three or more sensors having different circumferential positions may be provided. By providing three or more sensors, it is possible to provide redundancy in a predetermined value detected by the sensors. In particular, when the two sensors cannot be arranged orthogonally as in the first modification, the revolution orbit T can be obtained with high accuracy by arranging three or more sensors.

Further, in the above-described embodiments 2 and 3, the embodiment in which the sensors 71B, 72B, 73 are provided at the end of the shaft 2 is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when a step is formed in the intermediate portion of the shaft 2, sensors 71B, 72B, 73 may be attached to the step portion. Further, a step portion may be formed on the shaft 2 in order to attach the sensors 71B, 72B, 73. Further, the sensors 71B, 72B, 73 may be embedded in the shaft 2.

[Application example]
Hereinafter, an example in which the wear detection device 1 described in the above embodiment is applied to the upper bearing of the rotary crusher will be described. FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the overall configuration of a rotary crusher to which the wear detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.

The rotary crusher is a crusher for crushing large rough stones (rocks), and includes a gyretri crusher or a corn crusher. In the following, a hydraulic cone crusher, which is a hydraulic rotary crusher in which a spindle provided with a mantle is rotatably supported by an upper bearing and a lower bearing and the spindle is moved up and down by hydraulic pressure, will be illustrated. However, the present invention is applicable as long as it is a rotary crusher having an upper bearing.

The rotary crusher (hereinafter, simply abbreviated as crusher) 100 shown in FIG. 11 is an internal space formed by a tubular upper frame 101 having a frustum-shaped pyramid shape and a lower frame 102 connected to the tubular upper frame 101. A spindle 105 is provided at the center. The axis O2 of the main shaft 105 is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the axis O3 of the upper frame 101. The upper frame 101 and the lower frame 102 are collectively referred to as a frame 131.

The main shaft 105 has a cylindrical shape at the lower part, and is rotatably supported by the lower bearing 115. The lower bearing 115 includes an eccentric sleeve 104 that receives the spindle 105 and an outer cylinder 107 that receives the eccentric sleeve 104.

The eccentric sleeve 104 has a spindle fitting hole 103 in which the lower end of the spindle 105 is rotatably fitted. The eccentric sleeve 104 includes an eccentric sleeve support 132 that supports the eccentric sleeve 104 so as to be relatively rotatable below the eccentric sleeve 104. The eccentric sleeve support 132 is fixed to the lower frame 102. Further, the eccentric sleeve 104 is rotatably fitted into the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127 formed in the outer cylinder 107 whose outer peripheral surface is arranged in the lower frame 102. Further, the upper end portion of the spindle 105 is rotatably supported by the upper bearing 117. The upper bearing structure 133 integrally formed with the upper bearing 117 is supported by a spider 118 connected to the upper frame 101. The spider 118 forms a beam body that passes through the central portion of the upper frame 101 and connects the upper end portions of the upper frame 101.

Below the lower bearing 115, a hydraulic cylinder 130 for moving the spindle 105 up and down by flood control is provided. A hydraulic chamber 128 is formed on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical partition plate 124 provided above the lower bearing 115. Ensuring smooth sliding between the lower end of the spindle 105 and the inner peripheral surface of the spindle fitting hole 103, and between the outer peripheral surface of the eccentric sleeve 104 and the inner peripheral surface of the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127. Lubricating oil is supplied to form an oil film to prevent wear on the sliding surface. As a result, the eccentric sleeve 104 and the outer cylinder 107 of the lower bearing 115 function as journal bearings. A dust seal 125 is attached to the bottom surface of the mantle 112 using a dust seal cover 126 in order to prevent dust from entering the hydraulic chamber 128.

A mantle 112, which forms a conical outer peripheral surface, is firmly attached to the outer surface of the upper part of the spindle 105 (below the upper bearing 117) by shrink fitting. A mantle 113, which is made of a wear-resistant material (for example, high manganese cast steel) and forms a conical outer peripheral surface, is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the manturer 112.

Further, the inner surface of the upper frame 101 is provided with a cone cave 114 made of a wear resistant material (for example, high manganese cast steel). The crushing chamber 116 is formed by a substantially wedge-shaped space formed by the cone cave 114 and the mantle 113 and having a narrow lower portion in a vertical cross section.

The axis O2 of the spindle 105 and the axis O3 of the upper frame 101 intersect at the intersection P (center of the upper bearing 117) in the upper space of the crusher 100. The spindle 105 is inclined with respect to the upper frame 101 in a plane including the axis O2 of the spindle 105 and the axis O3 of the upper frame 101. Further, the eccentric sleeve 104 has an axial center substantially the same as the axial center O3 of the upper frame 101, and is arranged so as to be rotatable around the axial center. The spindle fitting hole 103 formed in the eccentric sleeve 104 has substantially the same axis as the axis O2 of the spindle 105. Further, the eccentric sleeve fitting hole 127 into which the eccentric sleeve 104 is fitted has substantially the same axial center as the axial center O3 of the upper frame 101.

With this configuration, a motor (not shown) provided outside the frame 131 causes a driven side bevel gear via a power transmission mechanism such as a pulley 122, a horizontal shaft, and a bevel gear 119 (driving side bevel gear 120 and driven side bevel gear 121). The eccentric sleeve 104 connected to 121 rotates about the axis O3 of the upper frame 101 as the center of rotation. As a result, the spindle 105 performs an eccentric turning motion, a so-called precession motion, in the crushing chamber 116 with the intersection P as a fixed point in space. The behavior of the spindle 105 is ideally geometric. In an actual device, the intersection P fluctuates minutely due to a bearing gap in the upper bearing 117, deformation of the casing, or the like during operation or the like. Along with this, the behavior of the upper bearing 117 of the spindle 105 may also vary slightly from the geometric behavior.

Due to such an eccentric turning motion, the distance between an arbitrary position on the inner surface of the cone cave 114 in the crushing chamber 116 and the outer peripheral surface of the mantle 113 facing the position changes in the same cycle as the rotation of the spindle 105. That is, when the eccentric sleeve 104 is rotated to rotate the spindle 105 in the crushing chamber 116, for example, the position of the shortest distance between the outer surface of the mantle 113 and the inner surface of the cone cave 114 at the lowermost vertical end of the crushing chamber 116 is the position of the spindle 105. It changes as it turns.

The rock to be crushed (hereinafter referred to as "crushed material") 109 is thrown in from above the crusher 100 and falls into the crushing chamber 116. In the crushing chamber 116, the distance between the cone cave 114 and the mantle 113 becomes narrower toward the lower side, and the width of the distance changes periodically as the main shaft 105 turns. As a result, the crushed object 109 is crushed while repeatedly dropping and compressing. In the lower part of the corn cave 114, the crushed object 109 crushed to be smaller than the portion where the distance between the corn cave 114 and the mantle 113 is the narrowest is discharged from below as a crushed product and collected.

As described above, due to the eccentric turning motion of the entire spindle 105, the behavior of the spindle 105 in the upper bearing 117 of the crusher 100 also causes the spindle 105 to revolve along the inner peripheral surface of the upper bearing 117. Therefore, the shaft 2 and the bearing 3 in the above embodiments and modifications correspond to the spindle 105 and the upper bearing 117 of the crusher 100. Therefore, the wear detection device 1 in the above-described embodiment and modification can be suitably applied to the crusher 100.

In the example of FIG. 11, a columnar extension member (first extension member) 12 is provided at the upper end of the spindle 105, as in the modified example 2. The first extension member 12 is arranged coaxially with the axis O2 of the main shaft 105. The detector 7 is provided with two sensors 71 and 72 facing the side surface S3 of the first extension member 12. In FIG. 11, only the first sensor 71 is shown. The second sensor 72 is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the first sensor 71. The two sensors 71 and 72 detect the distances from the positions of the sensors 71 and 72 to the side surface S3 of the first extension member 12 as the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2.

Also in this example, the radius r12 (see FIG. 6) of the first extension member 12 is configured to be sufficiently larger than the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the two sensors 71 and 72.

Therefore, the coordinates (x, y) of the axis O2 in the upper bearing structure 133 including the upper bearing 117 are represented by (x, y) ≈ (r12 + δ1, r12 + δ2). In the rotary crusher 100, the inclination of the spindle 105 changes depending on the magnitude of the load. That is, as the load increases, the inclination of the spindle 105 increases. Therefore, the first distance δ1 and the second distance δ2 detected by the sensors 71 and 72 may change depending on the magnitude of the load. Therefore, when the wear detection device 1 is applied to the rotary crusher 100, the first distance δ1 and the second distance detected by the sensors 71 and 72 when the magnitude of the load is within a predetermined range. It is preferable to use δ2 or to correct the detected first distance δ1 and second distance δ2 according to the load.

As described above, it can be said that the upper end portion of the spindle 105 and the upper bearing 117 in the rotary crusher 100 are journal bearing mechanisms in which the spindle 105 revolves relative to the upper bearing 117. Therefore, the value that specifies the orbit of the upper bearing structure 133 at the upper end of the spindle 105 is compared with the value that specifies the reference orbit, thereby determining the wear state. For this reason, the wear state of the upper end portion of the spindle 105 and / or the upper bearing 117, which could only be determined by performing a release inspection on the rotary crusher 100 in the past, is determined by the rotary crusher 100. It can be detected even during driving.

In the above application example, the modification 2 (example using the first extension member 12) in the first embodiment is shown, but as shown in the first embodiment (FIG. 2), the upper end portion of the spindle 105 is shown. Is located above the upper bearing 117, the first extension member 12 may not be present. Further, even when the two sensors 71 and 72 are not arranged orthogonally (in the case of the modification 1 in the above embodiment 1), the coordinates of the axis O2 can be determined in the same manner. Similarly, when the sensors 71 and 72 are provided on the shaft side (the above-described second embodiment and its modification) or when an acceleration sensor is used (the above-mentioned embodiment 3), the rotary crusher 100 is similarly used. Applicable.

In the above application example, the wear detection device 1 has been described as a configuration example for detecting wear between the spindle 105 of the rotary crusher 100 and the upper bearing 117, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, for example, a wear detection device 1 can be suitably applied to a bearing mechanism such as a journal bearing mechanism including a shaft and a slide bearing that supports a radial load of the shaft, such as a crankshaft bearing of a reciprocating engine. is there.

The present invention is widely applicable to a journal bearing mechanism in which the shaft revolves relative to the bearing, and is useful for enabling detection of a wear state even during operation of the journal bearing mechanism.

1 Wear detection device 2 Shaft 3 Bearing 4 Bearing structure 5 Journal bearing mechanism 7,7B, 7C Detector 8 Judgment device 71,71B First sensor (displacement sensor)
72, 72B 2nd sensor (displacement sensor)
73 Sensor (acceleration / phase sensor)
74 3rd sensor 75 5th sensor 100 Rotating crusher 105 Main shaft (shaft)
113 Mantle 114 Cone Cave 115 Lower Bearing 117 Upper Bearing 133 Upper Bearing Structure

Claims (9)

1. A wear detector of a journal bearing mechanism whose shaft revolves along the inner peripheral surface of the bearing.
   A detector attached to at least one of the shaft and the bearing structure including the bearing to detect a predetermined value of the orbit of the shaft with respect to the bearing structure.
   A wear detection device including a determination device for determining whether or not a change in the revolution orbit estimated from the predetermined value with respect to a predetermined reference revolution orbit is larger than a predetermined value.
2. A storage device that stores a predetermined value related to the revolution orbit in a time series at predetermined time intervals is provided.
   The wear detection device according to claim 1, wherein the determination device outputs the progress of wear progress from a plurality of the predetermined values stored in the time series.
3. The wear detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detector is configured to detect a distance between the shaft and the bearing structure at two or more locations different in the circumferential direction.
4. The detector is located on the shaft at a first position of the bearing structure and at a second position different from the first position of the bearing structure and a first sensor arranged so as to face the shaft. It is equipped with a second sensor arranged so as to face each other.
   The first sensor detects a first distance between the first position and the axis.
   The wear detection device according to claim 3, wherein the second sensor detects a second distance between the second position and the shaft.
5. The detector intersects a first position on the shaft with a first sensor arranged in a first direction facing the bearing structure and a second position on the shaft in the first direction. A second sensor, which is arranged in a second direction so as to face the bearing structure, is provided.
   The first sensor detects the first distance between the first position and the bearing structure, and detects the first distance.
   The wear detection device according to claim 3, wherein the second sensor detects a second distance between the second position and the bearing structure.
6. The wear detection device according to claim 5, wherein the detector includes a third sensor that detects a phase due to the rotation of the shaft.
7. The determination device calculates the coordinates of the center position of the shaft from the distance between the shaft and the bearing structure at the two or more locations, and accumulates the coordinates of the center position of the shaft for a predetermined period. The orbit at the center position of the axis is obtained as the revolving orbit, and the distance between the two farthest points in the obtained revolving orbit is compared with the corresponding value in the reference revolving orbit. The wear detection device described in.
8. The detector
   The fourth sensor attached to the shaft and
   A fifth sensor for detecting the phase due to the rotation of the shaft is provided.
   The wear detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fourth sensor detects accelerations in two different directions extending in the radial direction of the shaft.
9. A wear detector for the upper bearings of a rotary crusher,
   The rotary crusher is
   A spindle that is rotatably arranged inside the cone cave and whose axis tilts with respect to the axis of the cone cave to make an eccentric turning motion.
   An upper bearing structure including the upper bearing that rotatably supports the upper end portion of the spindle, and
   The mantle provided on the spindle and
   A lower bearing that rotatably supports the lower end of the spindle is provided.
   The wear detection device is
   A detector attached to at least one of the spindle and the upper bearing structure to detect a predetermined value regarding the orbit of the spindle with respect to the upper bearing structure.
   A wear detection device including a determination device for determining whether or not a change in the revolution orbit estimated from the predetermined value with respect to a predetermined reference revolution orbit is larger than a predetermined value.

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