WO2021129547A1 - 一种异形块 - Google Patents

一种异形块 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129547A1
WO2021129547A1 PCT/CN2020/137879 CN2020137879W WO2021129547A1 WO 2021129547 A1 WO2021129547 A1 WO 2021129547A1 CN 2020137879 W CN2020137879 W CN 2020137879W WO 2021129547 A1 WO2021129547 A1 WO 2021129547A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking screw
inclination angle
screw hole
hole
horizontal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2020/137879
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵国军
廖翚
李新阳
林韬
周鹏飞
吴欣然
马国强
张庆杰
Original Assignee
天津市威曼生物材料有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201911370378.XA external-priority patent/CN110897702A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911370255.6A external-priority patent/CN110897700A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911370293.1A external-priority patent/CN111166454A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911367918.9A external-priority patent/CN111202574A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911370227.4A external-priority patent/CN110974386A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201911370366.7A external-priority patent/CN110897701A/zh
Application filed by 天津市威曼生物材料有限公司 filed Critical 天津市威曼生物材料有限公司
Publication of WO2021129547A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129547A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates

Definitions

  • the application number is 201911370227.4, the title of the invention is “a type of proximal humerus block”; the application number is 201911370293.1, and the title of the invention is “a kind of shape block of the medial proximal tibia” ";
  • the application number is 201911370378.X, the title of the invention is “a kind of lateral proximal tibia block”; the application number is 201911367918.9, the title of the invention is “a kind of lateral proximal tibia block”; the application number is 201911370366.7, the title of invention is "A special-shaped block of the distal tibia”; the application number is 201911370255.6, and the title of the invention is “a special-shaped block of the proximal femur”.
  • the invention relates to the field of orthopedic medical equipment, in particular to a special-shaped block.
  • humeral fracture is a very common injury.
  • fixing devices such as connecting rods to firmly connect and fix the broken bones together.
  • fixing devices are installed on both ends of the connecting rod to avoid bone displacement, facilitate proper exercise of the patient, and maximize the function of the bone.
  • the existing fixing device In order to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the humerus, the screws installed on the surface of the fixation device are generally dense, and they have the following defects: 1. Too many screws are implanted, and the drilling damages the humerus structure greatly, which is easy to cause the deformation of the humeral head; 2. The implanted screw exists in the humerus for a long time, which will affect the blood circulation and cause the disease of the humeral head; 3. In addition to the preset nail holes on the surface of the fixation device, when it is in close contact with the humerus, it will cause discomfort to the patient.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a special-shaped block with a plate-like design, easy installation, firm connection, improved fit, reduced secondary damage to bones, and improved patient comfort. Ensure the safety of use.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion, the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are connected:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing part is an arc-shaped surface for matching with the curved surface of the upper end of the humerus; the first fixing part includes:
  • Two top locking screw holes are located on the upper part of the first fixing part.
  • the first locking screw passes through the top locking screw hole, the first upper screw connection part of the first locking screw and the top locking screw The hole is screwed, and the vertical inclination angle of the normal direction of the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the first vertical inclination angle;
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is located below the top locking screw hole. After the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is penetrated by the second locking screw, the second upper threaded portion of the second locking screw is connected to the The first oblique insertion locking screw hole is screwed, and the vertical inclination angle of the second locking screw to the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the second vertical inclination angle;
  • the second oblique insertion locking screw hole is located below the first oblique insertion locking screw hole.
  • the third upper screw of the third locking screw is connected Part is screwed to the second oblique insertion locking screw hole, the vertical inclination angle of the third locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing part is located is a third vertical inclination;
  • the right angle of inclination intersects the second vertical angle of inclination;
  • Two central locking screw holes are located below the second oblique insertion locking screw hole. After the fourth locking screw passes through the central locking screw hole, the fourth upper threaded portion of the fourth locking screw is connected to the The middle locking screw hole is screwed together, and the vertical inclination angle of the fourth locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fourth vertical inclination angle;
  • the third oblique insertion locking screw hole is located below the middle locking screw hole. After the fifth locking screw passes through the third oblique insertion locking screw hole, the fifth upper threaded portion of the fifth locking screw is connected to the The third oblique insertion locking screw hole is screwed, and the vertical inclination angle of the fifth locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fifth vertical inclination angle;
  • Two lower locking screw holes are located below the third oblique insertion locking screw hole. After the sixth locking screw passes through the lower locking screw hole, the sixth upper screw connection portion of the sixth locking screw is connected to the The lower locking screw hole is screwed, and the vertical inclination angle of the normal direction of the sixth locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the sixth vertical inclination; the sixth vertical inclination is the fifth vertical inclination Intersecting inclination angles;
  • the second fixing part includes:
  • the fixing screw hole is located on the surface of the second fixing part
  • the connecting rod connecting hole is located on the side of the second fixing part; the connecting rod is inserted into the connecting rod connecting hole, when the seventh locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole, the seventh locking screw
  • the seventh upper screw connection part is screwed to the fixing screw hole, thereby squeezing the connecting rod connection round hole, and consolidating the connecting rod and the second fixing part.
  • the first vertical inclination angle is in the range of 12-18°
  • the third vertical inclination angle is in the range of 25-31°
  • the fourth vertical inclination angle is in the range of 13-18°
  • the sixth vertical inclination angle is in the range of 13-18°.
  • the straight angle range is 7 ⁇ 13°.
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the second locking screw inserted into the first oblique locking screw hole and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a first horizontal inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the third locking screw inserted into the second oblique locking screw hole and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a second horizontal inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the fourth locking screw inserted into the middle locking screw hole and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a third horizontal inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle between the sixth locking screw inserted into the lower locking screw hole and the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a fourth horizontal inclination angle; the fourth horizontal inclination angle is relative to the third horizontal inclination angle
  • the inclination angles are equal.
  • the second horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 9-15°
  • the third horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 4-11°
  • the fourth and sixth horizontal inclination angles are in the range of 7-13°.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the top locking screw hole and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is R1, and the value range of R1 is 33-38 mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the second oblique insertion locking screw hole and the middle locking screw hole is R2, and the value range of R2 is 21-25 mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the third oblique insertion locking screw hole and the lower locking screw hole is R3, and the value range of R3 is 15-20 mm.
  • the first fixing part further has more than one positioning hole for temporarily fixing the special-shaped block during an operation.
  • the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are integrally formed.
  • the connecting rod connecting hole specifically includes: a first connecting rod connecting hole and a second connecting rod connecting hole;
  • the diameter of the connecting hole of the first connecting rod and the diameter of the connecting hole of the second connecting rod are equal or different.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block, the special-shaped block is a plate-shaped structure, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing part and a second fixing part, the first fixing part Connect with the second fixed part:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing part is an arc-shaped surface, which is matched with the curved surface of the upper end of the inner side of the tibia for fixing with the inner side of the tibia; the first fixing part includes:
  • the front top locking screw hole is located at the top front side of the first fixing part.
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal direction of the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the first vertical inclination angle
  • the first locking screw and The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the first horizontal inclination angle
  • the middle top locking screw hole is located at the top middle position of the first fixing part. After the second locking screw passes through the middle top locking screw hole, the second upper threaded part of the second locking screw is connected to the The middle top locking screw hole is screwed, the vertical inclination angle of the second locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the second vertical inclination; The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing part is located is the second horizontal inclination angle;
  • the rear top locking screw hole is located at the top rear side of the first fixing part. After the third locking screw passes through the rear top locking screw hole, the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw Screwed to the rear top locking screw hole, the vertical inclination angle of the third locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the third vertical inclination angle; the first locking screw is connected to the The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a third horizontal inclination angle; the third vertical inclination angle is equal to the second vertical inclination angle;
  • the lower locking screw hole is located at the lower part of the first fixing part
  • the second fixing part includes:
  • the fixing screw hole is located on the surface of the second fixing part
  • the front connecting circular hole is located at the front side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the front connecting circular hole is the first aperture;
  • the rear connecting circular hole is located at the rear side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the rear connecting circular hole is the second aperture;
  • the first connecting rod is inserted into the front connecting circular hole, and the second connecting rod is inserted into the rear connecting circular hole.
  • the fourth locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole, the fourth The fourth upper threaded portion of the locking screw is threaded with the fixing screw hole, thereby squeezing the front connecting hole and the rear connecting hole, and connecting the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to the fixed screw hole.
  • the second fixing part is consolidated.
  • the first vertical inclination angle range is 3 to 6°
  • the second vertical inclination angle range is 2 to 5°
  • the third vertical inclination angle range is 2 to 5°.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle ranges from 6 to 9°
  • the second horizontal inclination angle ranges from 6 to 9°
  • the third horizontal inclination angle ranges from 8 to 11°.
  • the second horizontal inclination angle is equal to the first horizontal inclination angle.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section of the top of the first fixing portion is R1, and the value range of R1 is 28 to 33 mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the top locking screw hole and the lower locking screw hole is R2, and the value range of R2 is 75-80 mm.
  • the first fixing part further includes a positioning hole
  • the positioning hole is used for temporary fixation of the special-shaped block during surgery.
  • the first aperture of the front connecting circular hole and the second aperture of the rear connecting circular hole are equal or different.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion, the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are connected:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing portion is an arc-shaped surface, which is adapted to the curved surface of the upper outer end of the tibia, and is used for fixing on the outer side of the tibia; the first fixing portion includes:
  • the front top locking screw hole is located at the top front side of the first fixing part.
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal direction of the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the first vertical inclination angle
  • the first locking screw and The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the first horizontal inclination angle
  • the middle top locking screw hole is located at the top middle position of the first fixing part. After the second locking screw passes through the middle top locking screw hole, the second upper threaded part of the second locking screw is connected to the The middle top locking screw hole is screwed, the vertical inclination angle of the second locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the second vertical inclination; The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing part is located is the second horizontal inclination angle;
  • the rear top locking screw hole is located at the top rear side of the first fixing part. After the third locking screw passes through the rear top locking screw hole, the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw Screwed to the rear top locking screw hole, the vertical inclination angle of the third locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing part is located is the third vertical inclination angle; the third locking screw is connected to the The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the third horizontal inclination angle;
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is located in the middle of the first fixing part. After the fourth locking screw passes through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole, the fourth upper threaded portion of the fourth locking screw is connected to The first oblique insertion locking screw hole is screwed, the vertical inclination angle of the fourth locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fourth vertical inclination angle; the fourth locking screw is connected to The horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a fourth horizontal inclination angle; the fourth vertical inclination angle is respectively corresponding to the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, and the third vertical inclination angle. cross;
  • the lower locking screw hole is located at the lower part of the first fixing part. After the fifth locking screw passes through the lower locking screw hole, the fifth upper screw connection part of the fifth locking screw and the lower locking screw hole
  • the vertical inclination angle between the fifth locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fifth vertical inclination angle; the fifth locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion is located
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal direction is the fifth horizontal inclination angle;
  • the second fixing part includes:
  • the locking screw hole is located on the surface of the second fixing part
  • the front connecting screw hole is located at the front side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole is the first aperture;
  • the rear connecting screw hole is located at the rear side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole is the second aperture;
  • the first connecting rod is inserted into the front connecting screw hole, and the second connecting rod is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole.
  • the sixth locking screw passes through the locking screw hole, the sixth The sixth upper threaded portion of the locking screw is threadedly connected to the locking screw hole, thereby squeezing the front connecting screw hole and the rear connecting screw hole, and connecting the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod with the The second fixing part is consolidated.
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle and the third vertical inclination angle are equal.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle and the fourth horizontal inclination angle are equal.
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, and the third vertical inclination angle range from 6 to 10°
  • the fourth vertical inclination angle ranges from 30 to 35°
  • the fifth vertical inclination angle The right angle range is 12 ⁇ 17°.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle and the fourth horizontal inclination angle are in the range of 10-15°
  • the second horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 10-14°
  • the third horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 5-10°.
  • the five horizontal inclination angles range from 18 to 23°.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal section of the top of the first fixing portion is R1, and the value range of R1 is 25-30 mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the first oblique insertion locking screw hole and the lower locking screw hole is R2, and the value range of R2 is 60-65 mm.
  • the first fixing part further includes a positioning hole
  • the positioning hole is located near the edge of the top end of the first fixing part, and is used for temporarily fixing a special-shaped block or threading sutures or cables during an operation.
  • the first hole diameter of the front connecting screw hole and the second hole diameter of the rear connecting screw hole are equal or different.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing portion and a second fixing portion, the first fixing portion and the second fixing portion are connected:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing part is an arc-shaped surface, which is matched with the curved surface of the outer upper end of the tibia, and is used for fixing on the outer side of the tibia;
  • the top of the first fixing part has a first top locking screw hole, a second top locking screw hole, a third top locking screw hole, and a fourth top locking screw hole in sequence from the inside to the outside;
  • the first upper screw connection portion of the first locking screw is screwed to the first top locking screw hole, and the first locking screw is connected to
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the first vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the first horizontal inclination angle
  • the second upper screw connection portion of the second locking screw is screwed to the second top locking screw hole, and the second locking screw is connected to the
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the second vertical inclination angle;
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second locking screw is located is the second horizontal inclination angle ;
  • the third upper screw connection portion of the third locking screw is screwed to the third top locking screw hole, and the third locking screw is connected to
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the third vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the third locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the third horizontal inclination angle
  • the fourth upper screw connection portion of the fourth locking screw is screwed to the fourth top locking screw hole, and the fourth locking screw is connected to
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fourth vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the fourth locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the fourth horizontal inclination angle
  • the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, the third horizontal inclination angle, and the fourth horizontal inclination angle decrease in sequence;
  • the middle part of the first fixing part has a first middle part locking screw hole, a second middle part locking screw hole and a third middle part locking screw hole in sequence from the inside to the outside;
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the fifth vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the fifth locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the fifth horizontal inclination angle
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the sixth vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the sixth locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the sixth horizontal inclination angle
  • the seventh upper screw connection portion of the seventh locking screw is screwed to the third central locking screw hole, and the seventh locking screw is connected to the third central locking screw hole.
  • the vertical inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion is located is the seventh vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the seventh locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is the seventh horizontal inclination angle ;
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle, the sixth horizontal inclination angle, and the seventh horizontal inclination angle decrease sequentially;
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is located at the lower part of the first fixing part. After the eighth locking screw passes through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole, the eighth upper threaded portion of the eighth locking screw is connected to the The first obliquely inserted locking screw hole is screwed, and the horizontal inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the eighth locking screw and the second fixing portion is located is an eighth horizontal inclination; the eighth locking screw is connected to the The normal vertical inclination angle of the plane where the second fixing part is located is the eighth vertical inclination angle; the eighth vertical inclination angle is respectively corresponding to the fifth vertical inclination angle, the sixth vertical inclination angle, and the seventh vertical inclination angle. cross;
  • the second fixing part includes:
  • the fixing screw hole is located on the surface of the second fixing part
  • the front connecting screw hole is located at the front side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole is the first aperture;
  • the rear connecting screw hole is located at the rear side of the side surface of the second fixing part, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole is the second aperture;
  • the first connecting rod is inserted into the front connecting screw hole, and the second connecting rod is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole.
  • the ninth locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole, the ninth The ninth upper screw portion of the locking screw is screwed to the fixing screw hole, thereby squeezing the front connecting screw hole and the rear connecting screw hole, and connecting the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod to the fixing screw hole.
  • the second fixing part is consolidated.
  • the eighth vertical inclination angle is greater than the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle, the fourth vertical inclination angle, and the fifth vertical inclination angle , The sixth vertical inclination angle and the seventh vertical inclination angle.
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle, and the fourth vertical inclination angle range from 6 to 10°
  • the fifth vertical inclination angle, the sixth vertical inclination angle The range of the right inclination angle and the seventh vertical inclination angle is 4 to 8°, and the range of the eighth vertical inclination angle is 11 to 15°.
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle and the fourth vertical inclination angle are the same; the fifth vertical inclination angle and the sixth vertical inclination angle are the same.
  • the inclination angle is the same as the seventh vertical inclination angle.
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle, the fourth vertical inclination angle, the fifth vertical inclination angle, and the sixth vertical inclination angle And the seventh vertical inclination angle decreases sequentially.
  • the eighth horizontal inclination angle is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, the third horizontal inclination angle, the fourth horizontal inclination angle, the fifth horizontal inclination angle, and the sixth horizontal inclination angle The inclination angle and the seventh horizontal inclination angle.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle range is 14-18°
  • the second horizontal inclination angle range is 10-14°
  • the third horizontal inclination angle range is 6-10°
  • the fourth horizontal inclination angle range is 3-7°
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle range is 12-16°
  • the sixth horizontal inclination angle range is 8-12°
  • the seventh horizontal inclination angle range is 4-8°
  • the eighth horizontal inclination angle The range is 20-24°.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface between the top locking screw hole and the middle locking screw hole of the first fixing portion is R1, and the value range of R1 is 30-35mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located between the central locking screw hole and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole is R2, and the value range of R2 is 58-63 mm.
  • the first fixing part further has more than one positioning hole, which is used to temporarily fix a special-shaped block or thread a suture or a cable during an operation.
  • the first hole diameter of the front connecting screw hole and the second hole diameter of the rear connecting screw hole are equal or different.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block
  • the special-shaped block 8 is a plate-shaped structure
  • the special-shaped block 8 specifically includes: a first fixing portion 81 and a second fixing portion 82, the The first fixing portion 81 and the second fixing portion 82 are connected:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing portion 81 is an L-shaped arc-shaped surface, which is matched with the curved surface of the upper end of the outer side of the tibia, and is used for fixing on the outer side of the tibia;
  • the top of the first fixing portion 81 has a first top locking screw hole 810, a second top locking screw hole 811, a third top locking screw hole 812, and a fourth top locking screw hole 813 in sequence from the inside to the outside;
  • the first upper screw connection portion of the first locking screw is screwed to the first top locking screw hole 810, and the first locking
  • the vertical inclination angle of the screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is the first vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal direction inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion 82 are located is First horizontal inclination angle
  • the second upper screw connection portion of the second locking screw is screwed to the second top locking screw hole 811, and the second locking
  • the vertical inclination angle of the screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is the second vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal direction of the second locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is Second horizontal inclination angle
  • the third upper screw connection portion of the third locking screw is screwed to the third top locking screw hole 812, and the third locking
  • the vertical inclination angle of the screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is the third vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal inclination angle of the normal direction of the third locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is The third horizontal inclination
  • the fourth upper screw connection portion of the fourth locking screw is screwed to the fourth top locking screw hole 813, and the fourth locking
  • the vertical inclination angle of the screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is the fourth vertical inclination angle
  • the horizontal direction inclination angle of the normal to the plane where the fourth locking screw and the second fixing portion 82 are located is The third horizontal inclination
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 is located in the middle of the first fixing portion 81. After the fifth locking screw passes through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814, the fifth upper screw of the fifth locking screw The connecting portion is screwed to the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814, and the vertical inclination angle of the fifth locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is a fifth vertical inclination angle; The horizontal inclination angle between the locking screw and the normal of the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is a fifth horizontal inclination angle, and the fifth horizontal inclination angle is respectively relative to the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, and the first horizontal inclination angle. The three horizontal inclination angles intersect the fourth horizontal inclination angle;
  • the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815 is located at the lower part of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814. After the sixth locking screw passes through the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815, the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815 is The six upper screw connection parts are screwed to the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815, and the vertical inclination angle of the sixth locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing part 82 is located is the sixth vertical inclination angle The horizontal inclination angle of the sixth locking screw and the normal to the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is the sixth horizontal inclination angle, and the sixth horizontal inclination angle is respectively the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, The third horizontal inclination angle and the fourth horizontal inclination angle intersect;
  • the lower locking screw hole 816 is located at the lower part of the first fixing portion 81;
  • the second fixing portion 82 includes:
  • the fixing screw hole 820 is located on the surface of the second fixing portion 82;
  • the front connecting screw hole 821 is located at the front side of the side of the second fixing portion 82, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole 821 is the first aperture;
  • the rear connecting screw hole 822 is located at the rear side of the side surface of the second fixing portion 82, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole 822 is a second aperture; the second aperture is smaller than the first aperture;
  • the first connecting rod is inserted into the front connecting screw hole 821, and the second connecting rod is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole 822.
  • the ninth locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole 820, The ninth upper screw portion of the seventh locking screw is screwed to the fixing screw hole 820, thereby squeezing the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole 822, and connecting the first connecting rod and The second connecting rod is fixed to the second fixing portion 82.
  • the special-shaped block 8 further includes a positioning hole 817;
  • the positioning hole 817 includes a first positioning hole 8170, a second positioning hole 8171, a third positioning hole 8172, and a fourth positioning hole 8173; wherein the first positioning hole 8170, the second positioning hole 8171, and the third positioning hole 8172 They are respectively located at the top of the top locking screw holes.
  • the fourth positioning hole 8173 is located between the top locking screw hole and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814.
  • the positioning holes 817 are used for the operation of the special-shaped block. Temporarily fixed or used to thread sutures or cables.
  • the sixth vertical inclination angle is greater than the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle, the fourth vertical inclination angle, and the fifth vertical inclination angle .
  • the first vertical inclination angle, the second vertical inclination angle, the third vertical inclination angle, the fourth vertical inclination angle and the fifth vertical inclination angle are 7°
  • the sixth vertical inclination angle The inclination angle is 13°.
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, the third horizontal inclination angle, the fourth horizontal inclination angle and the sixth horizontal inclination angle; the first horizontal inclination angle
  • the inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, the third horizontal inclination angle and the fourth horizontal inclination angle are the same.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle, the second horizontal inclination angle, the third horizontal inclination angle and the fourth horizontal inclination angle are 25.7°
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle is 107.3°
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal section between the third positioning hole 8172 and the fourth positioning hole 8173 of the first fixing portion 81 is R1, and the value range of R1 is 28-32 mm.
  • the first hole diameter of the front connecting screw hole and the second hole diameter of the rear connecting screw hole are equal or different.
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block, the special-shaped block is a plate-shaped structure, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing part and a second fixing part, the first fixing part Connect with the second fixed part:
  • the inner surface of the first fixing part is an arc-shaped surface, which fits with the curved surface of the upper end of the femur and is fixed to the top end; the first fixing part includes;
  • Two adjacent top locking screw holes are located on the upper part of the first fixing part. After the first locking screw passes through the top locking screw hole, the first upper screw connection part of the first locking screw is connected to the The top locking screw hole is screwed together, and the inclination angle of the plane where the first locking screw and the second fixing portion are located is a first horizontal inclination angle;
  • the middle locking screw hole is located in the middle of the upper part of the one fixing part.
  • the second upper screw connection part of the second locking screw and the middle locking screw hole For screw connection, the inclination angle between the second locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion is located is a second horizontal inclination angle; the second horizontal inclination angle is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle;
  • Two adjacent bottom locking screw holes are located under the two top locking screw holes.
  • the third upper screw connection part of the third locking screw is connected to The bottom locking screw hole is screwed, the inclination angle of the third locking screw and the plane direction of the second fixing part is a third horizontal inclination angle; the third horizontal inclination angle is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle;
  • the second fixing part includes:
  • the fixing screw hole is located on the surface of the second fixing part
  • the connecting rod connecting screw hole is located on the side of the second fixing part; the connecting rod is inserted into the connecting rod connecting screw hole, and when the fourth locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole, the fourth locking screw The fourth upper screw connection part is screwed to the fixing screw hole, thereby squeezing the connecting rod connection screw hole, and consolidating the connecting rod and the second fixing part.
  • the first fixing part further has more than one positioning hole, which is used for temporarily fixing the special-shaped block during the operation or for threading sutures or cables.
  • the normal inclination angles of the first locking screw, the second locking screw and the third locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion is located are the same, and the inclination angle ranges from 8 to 12°.
  • the first horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 118 to 123°
  • the second horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 125°
  • the third horizontal inclination angle is in the range of 123 to 128°.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section between the top locking screw hole and the middle locking screw hole of the first fixing portion is R1, and the value range of R1 is 35-40 mm;
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface of the first fixing portion located at the top locking screw hole is R2, and the value range of R2 is 22-27 mm.
  • the connecting rod connecting screw hole specifically includes a first connecting rod connecting screw hole and a second connecting rod connecting screw hole;
  • the diameter of the connecting screw hole of the first connecting rod and the diameter of the connecting screw hole of the second connecting rod are equal or different.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is designed as an integral structure, is easy to install, realizes the stability of the connection, improves the fit, reduces the secondary damage to the bone, improves the comfort of the patient, and ensures the safety of use .
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a bottom view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention (1);
  • Figure 4 is a side view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention (2);
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the A-A part of the tail in Figure 2;
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of part B-B of the head in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the head part C-C in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of part D-D of the head in Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the combined use of a special-shaped block with a locking screw and a connecting rod;
  • FIG. 10 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a side view (1) of a special-shaped block provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a side view (2) of a special-shaped block provided by the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of part A-A in Figure 10;
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of part B-B in Figure 10;
  • Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of part C-C in Figure 10;
  • FIG. 16 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a side view (1) of a special-shaped block provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a side view (2) of the special-shaped block provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of part A-A in Figure 16.
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of part B-B in Figure 16;
  • Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of part C-C in Figure 16.
  • FIG. 22 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a side view (1) of a special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a side view (2) of a special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view of part A-A in Figure 22;
  • Figure 26 is a cross-sectional view of part B-B in Figure 22;
  • Figure 27 is a cross-sectional view of part C-C in Figure 22;
  • Figure 29 is a bottom view of a special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 is a side view of the end of the special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view of part A-A in Figure 28;
  • Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of part B-B in Figure 28;
  • FIG. 33 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of part A-A in Figure 33;
  • Figure 35 is a sectional view of part B-B in Figure 33;
  • Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view of part C-C in Figure 33;
  • Figure 37 is a cross-sectional view of part D-D in Figure 33;
  • Fig. 39 is a side view of a special-shaped block provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is applied to fixation of a fractured part in a humeral fracture operation, specifically for the proximal end of the humerus.
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a bottom view of a special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a side view (1) of the special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • the present invention provides a special-shaped block.
  • the special-shaped block has a plate-shaped design and specifically includes a first fixing portion 41 and a second fixing portion 42.
  • the first fixing portion 41 and the second fixing portion 42 are connected and have an integrally formed structure.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 42 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the normal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane, which is the normal direction of the first plane.
  • the plane parallel to the vertical direction is set as the third plane; in the first embodiment, the vertical inclination angle of the normal direction of the locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion 42 is located is the vertical inclination angle, and the vertical inclination angle is the locking screw
  • the included angle with the third plane similarly, the horizontal inclination angle of the normal direction of the locking screw and the plane where the second fixing portion 42 is located is the horizontal inclination angle, and the horizontal inclination angle is the included angle between the locking screw and the second plane.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing portion 41 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface is sequentially provided with 9 locking screw holes and 5 circular holes along the long side of the first fixing portion 41, which are respectively two top locking screws.
  • the positioning hole 416 includes a first positioning hole 4160, a second positioning hole 4161, a third positioning hole 4162, a fourth positioning hole 4163, and a fifth positioning hole 4164;
  • the curved surface of the inner upper end is matched, and the first fixing portion 41 is fixed to the bone surface of the outer side of the humerus by inserting the locking screw through the locking screw hole.
  • the two top locking screw holes 410 are located on the upper part of the first fixing part 41, and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long axis of the special-shaped block.
  • the top locking screw holes 410 are used to fix the first fixation by locking screws from both sides of the upper surface of the humerus.
  • the part 41 is fixed on its surface to realize the fit between the inner surface of the first fixing part 41 and the bone surface of the upper end of the humerus.
  • the interior of the top locking screw hole 410 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge, and the surface of the upper edge is smooth. Curved surface, with fastening threads on the lower edge surface;
  • the first upper threaded portion of the first locking screw is screwed with the lower edge portion of the top locking screw hole 410.
  • An upper threaded part is engaged with the fastening thread, the screw cap part of the first locking screw stays in the upper edge of the top locking screw hole 410, and the screw part and the nail head of the first locking screw pass through the top to lock respectively.
  • the screw hole 410 is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the third plane is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 12 to 18°;
  • the inclination angle formed by the screw and the second plane is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 0°; because the penetration directions of the two top locking screw holes 410 are the same and the two screw holes are separated by a certain distance It can avoid the phenomenon that the holes are arranged on the same straight line or plane, which will easily cause the screws to cut each other, thereby reducing the problem of difficulty in nail placement during the operation.
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411 is located on the right side of the long axis of the special-shaped block and is arranged below the top locking screw hole 410 and is opposite to the second positioning hole 4161.
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411 functions from the upper end of the humeral head One side of the surface is fixed to the surface of the first fixing part 41 by the oblique insertion locking screw, so that the outer edge of the inner surface of the first fixing part 41 fits with the bone surface of the upper end of the humeral head.
  • the first oblique insertion The inside of the locking screw hole 411 also has an upper edge and a lower edge;
  • the second upper threaded portion of the second locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411. Screwing, as the second upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are screwed together and bitten, the screw cap part of the second locking screw stays in the upper edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411, and the screw part of the second locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the third plane is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , which is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is 0°;
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the second plane is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ ranges from 9 to 15°; due to the penetration of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411
  • the shooting direction is different from the penetration direction of the top locking screw hole 410. This arrangement can realize that the locking screw can be inserted into different areas of the humeral head, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the holding force of the locking screw.
  • the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 is located on the left side of the long axis of the special-shaped block and is arranged below the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411.
  • the function of the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 is from the other side of the upper end surface of the humeral head
  • the first fixing part 41 is fixed on its surface with oblique insertion locking screws on the side, so that the outer edge of the inner surface of the first fixing part 41 fits with the bone surface of the upper end of the humeral head.
  • the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 also has an upper edge and a lower edge inside;
  • the third upper threaded portion of the third locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412. Screwing, as the third upper threaded portion and the fastening thread are screwed together, the screw cap part of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412, and the screw part of the third locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the third plane is the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination The inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 25 to 31°; the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the second plane is the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ ranges from 4 to 11°; where the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal to The second vertical inclination angle ⁇ intersects. Since the penetration directions of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411, the top locking screw hole 410, and the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 are all different, the locking screw can be inserted into the humeral head. Different areas, and construct a spatial three-dimensional cross structure to increase the holding force of the locking screw while making the special-shaped block more firmly fixed on the surface of the humerus.
  • Two central locking screw holes 413 are located in the middle of the first fixing portion 41 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long axis of the special-shaped block, and are arranged below the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412.
  • the function of the two central locking screw holes 413 The first fixing part 41 is fixed on the surface of the humeral head through the locking screw from the mid-end surface of the humeral head, so that the screws passing through the screw holes are evenly distributed in the entire area of the humeral head, and avoiding the front end of the humeral head being placed in excessive locking Screw;
  • the two middle locking screw holes 413 also have an upper edge and a lower edge;
  • the fourth upper screw connection part of the fourth locking screw is screwed with the lower edge part of the locking screw hole 413.
  • the upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are engaged together, the screw cap part of the fourth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the middle locking screw hole 413, and the screw part and the nail head of the fourth locking screw pass through the middle locking screw respectively.
  • the hole 413 is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the third plane is the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 13 to 18°;
  • the fourth locking screw The inclination angle formed with the second plane is the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the range of the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is 7 ⁇ 13°;
  • the two central locking screw holes 413 have the same penetration direction and the two screw holes are separated by a certain distance.
  • the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414 is located below the middle locking screw hole 413 and is arranged on the long axis of the special-shaped block.
  • the middle locking screw hole 413 is used to fix the first fixing part 41 from the middle surface of the humeral head with a locking screw. On its surface, the precise positioning of the first fixing part 41 on the humeral head is realized; similarly, the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414 also has an upper edge and a lower edge;
  • the fifth upper threaded portion of the fifth locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414. Screwing, as the fifth upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are screwed together, the screw cap part of the fifth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414, and the screw part of the fifth locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the third plane is the fifth vertical inclination ⁇ , the fifth vertical inclination
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is 0°;
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the second plane is the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is 0°.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the BB part of the head in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the CC part of the head in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the DD part of the head in Fig. 1; combined with Figs. 1, 6, and Figs.
  • the radius of curvature of the arc-shaped surface extending from the top to the middle of the first fixing portion 41 gradually becomes larger.
  • the specific top locking screw hole 410 and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411 are horizontally larger.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the cut surface is 33 ⁇ 38mm; the value range of R1 is 33 ⁇ 38mm; the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal cut surface between the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412 and the middle locking screw hole 413 is the value range of R2 is 21 ⁇ 38mm 25mm; the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal cut surface between the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414 and the lower locking screw hole 415 is R3, and the value range is 15-20 mm.
  • Two lower locking screw holes 415 are located at the lower part of the first fixing part 41 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the long axis of the special-shaped block, and are arranged below the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414.
  • the function of the two lower locking screw holes 415 The first fixing part 41 is fixed on the surface of the humeral head by locking screws from the lower end surface of the humeral head, so that the screws passing through the screw holes are evenly distributed in the entire area of the humeral head, avoiding the necrosis of the humeral head and the loss of excessive bone mass. Avoid collapse of the humeral head; similarly, the two lower locking screw holes 415 also have upper and lower edges inside;
  • the sixth upper screw portion of the sixth locking screw is screwed into the lower edge portions of the two lower locking screw holes 415 .
  • the screw cap part of the sixth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the two lower locking screw holes 415, and the screw part and the nail head of the sixth locking screw The part passes through the two lower locking screw holes 415 and is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the third plane is the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the range of the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ is 7 ⁇ 13°, the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ intersect;
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the second plane is the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'and the fourth horizontal
  • the inclination angles ⁇ ′ are equal; the two lower locking screw holes 415 have the same penetration direction and are arranged adjacent to each other.
  • the lower locking screw holes 415 are arranged symmetrically with the top locking screw holes 410 and the middle locking screw holes 413, The penetration direction is different from the arrangement and penetration direction of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 411, the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412, and the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414.
  • the aforementioned locking screw hole is in the first fixing portion 41.
  • the penetration and setting method of the humeral head is more evenly distributed in the humeral head.
  • the screw can also provide greater holding force, and the force on each area of the humeral head is more even, thus making
  • the special-shaped block has better stability and avoids damage to the humeral head.
  • the positioning hole 416 is composed of a round hole, located at the upper and middle of the first fixing portion 41, and specifically consists of a first positioning hole 4160, a second positioning hole 4161, a third positioning hole 4162, a fourth positioning hole 4163, and a fourth positioning hole 4163.
  • the fifth positioning hole 4164 is formed; the first positioning hole 4160 is located on the upper part of the first fixing part 41 and between the two top locking screw holes 410, and the second positioning hole 4161 is located on the upper part of the first fixing part 41 and between the second Between the obliquely inserted locking screw hole 412 and the top locking screw hole 410, the third positioning hole 4162 is located in the middle of the first fixing portion 41 and between the two middle locking screw holes 413, the fourth positioning hole 4163 and the fifth positioning hole 4164 are respectively located below the two central locking screw holes 413, on both sides of the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414.
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 416 is smaller than that of the locking screw hole.
  • the positioning hole 416 is used for the special-shaped block during the operation. It is used for temporary fixation.
  • Fig. 3 is a side view (1) of the special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 is a side view (2) of the special-shaped block provided by the first embodiment of the present invention
  • the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ As shown in Figure 4, the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'has the largest inclination angle; in this embodiment, the locking screw holes are not arranged on the same plane.
  • This design can realize the difference between the locking screw being inserted into the humeral head Area, construct a spatial three-dimensional cross structure, achieve the purpose of increasing the holding force of the locking screw, and at the same time make the special-shaped block more firmly fixed on the surface of the humerus.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of part AA in Figure 2.
  • the outer surface of the second fixing portion 42 is set as an arc curved surface with a certain arc, and two adjacent fixing screw holes 420 is arranged in the arc-shaped curved surface and adjacently arranged along the long axis of the second fixing part 42.
  • the inside of the fixing screw hole 420 is specifically composed of an upper edge 4201 and a lower edge 4202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 4201 is a smooth curved surface and is locked.
  • the upper threaded part of the screw matches, the surface of the lower edge 4202 is provided with fastening threads, an intermediate groove 421 is provided between the upper edge 4201 and the lower edge 4202, and the hole diameter of the fixing screw hole 420 is the same as that of the locking screw hole;
  • the part where the inner surface of the part 42 fits with the shaft of the humerus is also provided with an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the curvature of the arc-shaped curved surface of the inner surface of the second fixing portion 52 can be adapted to make the special-shaped block more suitable for the bones of Asians and Chinese.
  • the side of the second fixing portion 42 is provided with a connecting rod connecting hole 422.
  • the connecting rod connecting hole 422 is specifically composed of a first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and a second connecting rod connecting hole 4222.
  • the diameter of a connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222 are equal or different.
  • the first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222 are symmetrically arranged in the fixing screw hole 420 On both sides, the connecting rod connecting holes 422 are used to firmly connect the connecting rod 2 and the special-shaped block together by locking screws.
  • the intersection of the first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222 with the fixing screw hole 420 has a cross hole 423.
  • the cross hole 423 is mainly used to squeeze the connecting rod 2 through the locking screw to realize the connecting rod 2 It is fixed in the second fixing portion 52.
  • the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 are inserted into the first connecting rod connecting circular hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting circular hole 4222, respectively, when the seventh locking screws are respectively inserted through
  • the seventh upper screw portion of the seventh locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 4202 of the fixing screw hole 420, and as the seventh upper screw portion is screwed and engaged with the fastening thread Tight, the gap of the middle groove 421 is further compressed, the screw cap part of the seventh locking screw stays in the upper edge 4201 of the fixing screw hole 420, squeezing the first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222
  • the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 22 are fixed with the second fixing part 42 through the cross hole 423, and the screw part and the nail head of the seventh locking screw are respectively passed through the fixing screw hole 420 and then implanted in the bone .
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixing portion 41 of the profiled block with the bone surface of the upper lateral end of the humerus, and inserts the locking screws into the two top locking screw holes 410 and the first One oblique insertion locking screw hole 411, the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 412, the two middle locking screw holes 413, the third oblique insertion locking screw hole 414, and the two lower locking screw holes 415, when the locking screw passes through the locking screw After the hole is made, the upper threaded part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the locking screw hole.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays on the locking screw hole.
  • the screw part of the locking screw and the nail head are respectively inserted into the bone after passing through the locking screw hole, whereby the first fixing part 41 of the shaped block is fixed on the bone surface of the outer side of the humerus, and the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 21
  • the connecting rod 22 is sequentially inserted into the first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222, and the locking screws are respectively inserted into two adjacent fixing screw holes 420.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the fixing screw hole.
  • the gap of the middle groove 421 is further compressed, and the locking screw presses the first connecting rod connecting hole 4221 and the second connecting rod connecting hole 4222, and at the same time connects the first connecting rod 21 and the second connecting rod 21 through the cross hole 423.
  • the second connecting rod 22 is consolidated with the second fixing part 42, the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw respectively pass through the fixing screw hole 420 and then implanted in the bone. At this point, the special-shaped block is completely fixed to the humeral head.
  • the first embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is designed as an integral structure, is easy to install, realizes the stability of the connection, improves the fit, reduces the secondary damage to the bone, improves the comfort of the patient and ensures the use safety.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is used for fixing the fractured part in tibial fracture surgery, and is specifically used for the inner side of the proximal end of the tibia.
  • Fig. 10 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the second embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 11 is a side view (1) of a special-shaped block provided by the second embodiment of the present invention; combined with Figs. 10 and 11, the second embodiment of the present invention
  • the special-shaped block in this example has a plate-shaped structure, and specifically includes: a first fixing portion 51 and a second fixing portion 52.
  • the first fixing portion 51 and the second fixing portion 52 are connected and are integrally formed.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 52 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the normal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane, which is the normal direction of the first plane.
  • the plane parallel to the vertical direction is set as the third plane; in this second embodiment, the vertical inclination angle of the locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 52 is located is the vertical inclination angle, and the vertical inclination angle is the locking screw The angle between the locking screw and the third plane; similarly, the horizontal inclination angle of the locking screw and the normal direction of the plane where the second fixing portion 52 is located is the horizontal inclination angle, which is the angle between the locking screw and the second plane; the first fixing portion In 51, the side parallel to the short side of the special-shaped block is defined as the front side of the special-shaped block, extending from the long side to the short side, and the end side of the short side of the first fixing portion 51 is defined as the back side of the special-shaped block.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing portion 51 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • a plurality of locking screw holes and circular holes are provided on the arc-shaped curved surface along the short side of the first fixing portion 51, and the inner surface of the first fixing portion 51 is arc-shaped.
  • the surface is matched with the curved surface of the upper end of the inner side of the tibia, and the first fixing portion 51 is fixedly inserted and fixed on the bone surface of the inner side of the tibia by a locking screw.
  • the top of the first fixing portion 51 is sequentially provided with a front top locking screw hole 510, a middle top locking screw hole 511, a rear top locking screw hole 512, a lower locking screw hole 513 and a positioning hole 514 from the inside to the outside.
  • the front top locking screw hole 510 is located at the top front side of the first fixing part 51.
  • the interior of the front top locking screw hole 610 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the surface of the upper edge is a smooth curved surface, and the lower edge
  • a fastening thread is provided on the surface of the upper part, and the locking screw hole 510 at the top of the front side is used to fit and fix the inner surface edge of the first fixing part 51 with the bone surface of the inner upper end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the first upper screw portion of the first locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the front top locking screw hole 510 .
  • the screw cap part of the first locking screw stays in the upper edge part of the locking screw hole 510 at the top of the front side, the screw part and the nail head of the first locking screw After passing through the anterior top locking screw holes 510 respectively, they are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the third plane is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • the range of the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ is
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the second plane is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '
  • the range of the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ' is 6-9°.
  • the middle top locking screw hole 511 is located at the top middle of the first fixing part 51, between the front top locking screw hole 510 and the rear top locking screw hole 512. Similarly, inside the middle top locking screw hole 511 It has the same upper edge and lower edge as the inside of the front top locking screw hole 510, and the function of the middle top locking screw hole 511 is the same as that of the front top locking screw hole 510;
  • the second upper screw portion of the second locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the middle top locking screw hole 511 .
  • the screw cap part of the second locking screw stays in the upper edge of the central top locking screw hole 511, and the screw part and the nail head of the second locking screw The part passes through the central top locking screw hole 511 and is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the third plane is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the range of the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ is 2-5°; the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the second plane is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is the same as the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the rear top locking screw hole 512 is located at the top rear side of the first fixing portion 51. Similarly, the rear top locking screw hole 512 has the same upper edge and lower edge as the front top locking screw hole 510. The function of the rear top locking screw hole 512 is the same as the function of the front top locking screw hole 510;
  • the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the rear top locking screw hole 512 .
  • the screw cap part of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the rear top locking screw hole 512, and the screw part and nail head of the third locking screw
  • the parts pass through the rear top locking screw holes 512 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the third plane is the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the second vertical inclination angle.
  • the right inclination angle ⁇ is the same;
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the second plane is the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 8 to 11°.
  • the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ ; as shown in Figure 12, the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'and the second horizontal inclination angle. Angle of inclination ⁇ '.
  • the lower locking screw hole 513 is located at the lower part of the first fixing part 51. Similarly, the inside of the lower locking screw hole 513 has the same upper and lower edges as the inside of the front top locking screw hole 510.
  • the lower locking screw hole 513 functions as Same function as the locking screw hole 510 at the top of the front side;
  • the method of using the lower locking screw hole 513 in combination with the locking screw is the same as the method of using the front top locking screw hole 510 in combination with the first locking screw, and will not be repeated here.
  • the positioning hole 514 is composed of a round hole and is located at the top center of the first fixing part 51 near the front end of the first fixing part 51, and specifically includes a first positioning hole 5140 and a second positioning hole 5141; the first positioning hole 5140 is located on the front side Between the top locking screw hole 510 and the middle top locking screw hole 511, the second positioning hole 5141 is located between the middle top locking screw hole 511 and the rear top locking screw hole 512.
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 514 is smaller than that of the locking screw hole. Apertures, positioning holes 514 are used for temporary fixation of special-shaped blocks during surgery.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of part BB in FIG. 10
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of part CC in FIG. 10; combined with FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, the inner surface of the first fixing portion 51 extends from the top to the middle of the arc surface
  • the radius of curvature gradually increases.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal section of the top of the first fixing portion 51 is R in the range of 28 to 33 mm; between the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 513 and the lower locking screw hole 514
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section is R2, and the value range is 75-80mm.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the AA part in FIG. 10.
  • the outer surface of the second fixing portion 52 is set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and two adjacent fixing screw holes 520 are set in The arc-shaped curved surface is arranged at a certain distance along the long axis direction of the second fixing part 52.
  • the inside of the fixed screw hole 520 is specifically composed of an upper edge 5201 and a lower edge 5202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 5201 is a smooth curved surface and the upper edge of the locking screw
  • the threaded parts are matched, the surface of the lower edge 5202 is provided with fastening threads, the upper edge 5201 and the lower edge 5202 are provided with an intermediate groove 523, and the diameter of the fixing screw hole 520 is the same as that of the locking screw hole;
  • the part where the inner surface fits the tibial shaft is also set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface of the inner surface of the second fixing portion 52 can be adapted to make
  • the special-shaped block fits more closely to the surface of the tibia; the side of the second fixing part 52 is respectively provided with a front connecting circular hole 521 and a rear connecting circular hole 522.
  • the front connecting circular hole 521 and the rear connecting circular hole 522 are along the second fixing part.
  • the long axis directions of 52 are arranged in parallel and are respectively located on both sides of the fixing screw hole 520.
  • the front connecting circular hole 521 and the rear connecting circular hole 522 are used to firmly connect the connecting rod 2 and the special-shaped block together by a locking screw.
  • the front connecting circular hole 521 is located at the front side of the side surface of the second fixing portion 52, and the aperture of the front connecting circular hole 521 is the first aperture D1;
  • the rear connecting circular hole 522 is located at the rear side of the side of the second fixing portion 52, and the aperture of the rear connecting circular hole 522 is the second aperture D2;
  • the first aperture D1 and the second aperture D2 are equal or unequal, and the apertures of the front connecting circular hole 521 and the rear connecting circular hole 522 are set to be different.
  • the purpose is to better conform to the shape and characteristics of Asian bones. .
  • the intersection of the front connecting circular hole 521 and the rear connecting circular hole 522 in the second fixing portion 52 with the fixing screw hole 520 has a cross hole 524, which is mainly used to squeeze the connecting rod 2 through a locking screw to achieve connection
  • the rod 2 is fixed in the second fixing portion 52.
  • the first connecting rod 20 is inserted into the front connecting circular hole 521, and the second connecting rod 21 is inserted into the rear connecting circular hole 522.
  • the fourth upper screw portion of the fourth locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 5202 of the fixing screw hole 520.
  • the cross hole 524 consolidates the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 with the second fixing part 52, and the screw part and the nail head of the fourth locking screw respectively pass through the fixing screw hole 520 and then implant in the bone.
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixing portion 51 of the profiled block with the bone surface of the upper medial end of the tibia, and inserts the locking screws into the locking screw holes 510 and 510, respectively on the top of the anterior side.
  • the top locking screw hole 511 and the rear top locking screw hole 512 when the locking screw passes through the locking screw hole, the upper screw part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the locking screw hole, and the The screw part and the fastening screw are bitten together.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole.
  • the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw pass through the locking screw hole and are implanted into the bone.
  • the second part of the special-shaped block A fixing portion 51 is fixed on the bone surface on the outer side of the tibia, and the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are respectively inserted into the anterior connecting circular hole 521 and the posterior connecting circular hole 522, and the locking screws are respectively inserted through
  • the upper screw connection part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 5202 of the fixing screw hole 520, and the upper screw connection part and the lower edge 5202 of the fixing screw hole 520 are screwed together.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge 5201 of the fixing screw hole 520, the gap of the middle groove 523 is further compressed, and the locking screw respectively squeezes the front side connection hole 521 and the back side connection
  • the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are fixed with the second fixing part 52 through the cross hole 524 while the round hole 522, the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw pass through the fixing screw hole 520 and then implanted into the bone Inside, so far the shaped block is completely fixed to the proximal tibia.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which has a light design, a plate-like structure, improves the stability of the fixing structure, realizes multi-point fixation, spherical contact, facilitates attachment and fixation, and shortens the recovery time.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block 6, which is used for fixing the fractured part during tibial fracture surgery, specifically for the proximal side of the tibia.
  • FIG. 16 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the special-shaped block 6 of the third embodiment of the present invention has a plate-like structure.
  • the special-shaped block 6 specifically includes: a first fixing portion 61 and a second fixing portion 61; Fixing part 62.
  • the first fixing portion 61 and the second fixing portion 62 are connected and formed integrally.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 62 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the normal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane, which is the normal direction of the first plane.
  • the plane parallel to the vertical direction is set as the third plane;
  • the side parallel to the long side of the special-shaped block 6 in the first fixing portion 61 is defined as the front side of the special-shaped block 6, extending from the long side to the short side, the first fixing portion
  • the end side of the short side 61 is defined as the rear side of the special-shaped block 6.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing portion 61 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and the arc-shaped curved surface is provided with a plurality of locking screw holes and round holes along the short side of the first fixing portion 61, and the inner surface of the first fixing portion 61 is arc-shaped
  • the surface is adapted to the curved surface of the upper end of the outer side of the tibia, and the first fixing portion 61 is fixed to the bone surface of the outer side of the tibia by a locking screw.
  • the first fixing portion 61 specifically includes: a front top locking screw hole 610, a middle top locking screw hole 611, a rear top locking screw hole 612, a first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613, a lower locking screw hole 614, and a positioning hole 615 .
  • the front top locking screw hole 610 is located at the top front side of the first fixing part 61.
  • the inside of the front top locking screw hole 610 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the upper edge surface is a smooth curved surface, and the lower edge
  • a fastening thread is provided on the surface of the upper part, and the locking screw hole 610 at the top of the front side is used to fit and fix the inner surface of the first fixing part 61 with the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the first upper screw portion of the first locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the front top locking screw hole 610 .
  • the screw cap part of the first locking screw stays in the upper edge part of the locking screw hole 610 at the top of the front side, and the screw part and the nail head of the first locking screw After passing through the anterior top locking screw holes 610 respectively, they are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the third plane is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the range of the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ is 6-10°; the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the second plane is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the range of the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 10-15°.
  • the middle top locking screw hole 611 is located in the top middle of the first fixing part 61, between the front top locking screw hole 610 and the rear top locking screw hole 612. Similarly, inside the middle top locking screw hole 611 Like the inside of the front top locking screw hole 610, it has an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the middle top locking screw hole 611 has the same function as the front top locking screw hole 610;
  • the second upper screw portion of the second locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the middle top locking screw hole 611 .
  • the screw cap part of the second locking screw stays in the upper edge of the central top locking screw hole 611, and the screw part and the nail head of the second locking screw The parts pass through the central top locking screw holes 611 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the third plane is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ ; the second locking screw and the second plane are formed
  • the inclination angle of is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 10 to 14°.
  • the rear top locking screw hole 612 is located at the top rear side of the first fixing part 61. Similarly, the rear top locking screw hole 612 has the same upper edge and lower edge as the front top locking screw hole 610. The function of the rear top locking screw hole 612 is the same as the function of the front top locking screw hole 610;
  • the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the rear top locking screw hole 612 .
  • the screw cap part of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the rear top locking screw hole 612, and the screw part and nail head of the third locking screw The part passes through the rear top locking screw hole 612 and is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the third plane is the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ ; the third locking screw and the second plane are formed
  • the inclination angle is the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 5 to 10°.
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613 is located in the middle of the first fixing portion 61. Similarly, the inside of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613 and the front top locking screw hole 610 have an upper edge and a lower edge. The function of an obliquely inserted locking screw hole 613 is the same as that of the locking screw hole 610 at the top of the front side;
  • the fourth upper threaded portion of the fourth locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613. Screwing, as the fourth upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are screwed together, the screw cap part of the fourth locking screw stays in the upper edge part of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613, and the screw part of the fourth locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 613 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the third plane is the fourth vertical inclination ⁇ , and the fourth vertical inclination
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 30 to 35°, and the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ intersects the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ respectively; the fourth locking screw is formed by the second plane
  • the inclination angle is the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ are the same; as shown in Fig. 18, the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'are equal.
  • the lower locking screw hole 614 is located at the lower part of the first fixing part 61. Similarly, the inside of the lower locking screw hole 614 has the same upper edge and lower edge as the inside of the front top locking screw hole 610. The lower locking screw hole 614 functions as Same function as the locking screw hole 610 at the top of the front side;
  • the fifth upper threaded portion of the fifth locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the lower locking screw hole 614.
  • the upper screw connection part is engaged with the fastening thread screw, the screw cap part of the fifth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the lower locking screw hole 614, and the screw part and the nail head of the fifth locking screw pass through the lower lock respectively.
  • the screw hole 614 is implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the third plane is the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 12 to 17°;
  • the inclination angle formed by the screw and the second plane is the fifth horizontal inclination ⁇ ′, and the fifth horizontal inclination ⁇ ′ ranges from 18 to 23°.
  • the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ ; as shown in Fig. 18, the fifth horizontal inclination angle
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ' is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the positioning hole 615 is composed of a round hole and is located at the top center of the first fixing part 71 near the front end of the first fixing part 61, and specifically includes a first positioning hole 6150 and a second positioning hole 6151; the first positioning hole 6150 is located on the front side Between the top locking screw hole 610 and the middle top locking screw hole 611, the second positioning hole 6151 is located between the middle top locking screw hole 611 and the rear top locking screw hole 612.
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 615 is smaller than that of the locking screw hole. Apertures and positioning holes 615 are used to temporarily fix a special-shaped block or thread sutures or cables during surgery.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of part BB in FIG. 16, and FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of part CC in FIG. 16; combined with FIG. 20 and FIG. 21, the inner surface of the first fixing portion 61 extends from the top to the middle of the arc surface
  • the radius of curvature gradually increases.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal section of the top of the first fixing portion 61 is R in the range of 25-30mm; between the first obliquely inserted locking screw hole 613 and the lower locking screw hole 614
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section is R2 and the value range is 60 ⁇ 65mm.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of part AA in FIG. 16, as shown in combination with FIG. 16 and FIG. 19, the outer surface of the second fixing portion 62 is set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and two adjacent locking screw holes 620 are set in The arc-shaped curved surface is arranged at a certain distance along the long axis of the second fixing portion 62.
  • the inside of the locking screw hole 620 is specifically composed of an upper edge 6201 and a lower edge 6202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 6201 is a smooth curved surface and the upper edge of the locking screw
  • the screw connection parts are matched, the surface of the lower edge 6202 is provided with fastening threads, the upper edge 6201 and the lower edge 6202 are provided with an intermediate groove 623, and the hole diameter of the locking screw hole 620 is the same as that of the locking screw hole;
  • the part where the inner surface fits with the tibial shaft is also set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface of the inner surface of the second fixing part 62 can be adapted to make
  • the special-shaped block 6 fits more closely to the surface of the tibia; the side of the second fixing part 62 is provided with a front connecting screw hole 621 and a rear connecting screw hole 622 respectively, and the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear connecting screw hole 622 are fixed along the second
  • the long axis of the part 62 is arranged in parallel, and are respectively located on both sides of the locking screw hole 620.
  • the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear connecting screw hole 622 are used to firmly connect the connecting rod 2 and the special-shaped block 6 to each other through a locking screw. together.
  • the front connecting screw hole 621 is located at the front side of the side of the second fixing part 62, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole 621 is the first aperture D1;
  • the rear connecting screw hole 622 is located at the rear side of the side of the second fixing portion 62, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole 622 is the second aperture D2;
  • the first aperture D1 and the second aperture D2 are equal or unequal, and the apertures of the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear connecting screw hole 622 are set to be different.
  • the purpose is to better conform to the shape and characteristics of Asian bones. .
  • the intersection of the front connecting screw hole 621, the rear connecting screw hole 622, and the locking screw hole 620 in the second fixing portion 62 has a cross hole 624.
  • the cross hole 624 is mainly used to squeeze the connecting rod 2 through the locking screw to realize the connection.
  • the rod 2 is fixed in the second fixing portion 62.
  • the first connecting rod 20 is inserted into the front connecting screw hole 621
  • the second connecting rod 21 is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole 622.
  • the sixth upper threaded portion of the sixth locking screw is screwed with the lower edge portion of the locking screw hole 620, and as the sixth upper threaded portion is screwed and engaged with the fastening thread Tight, the gap in the middle groove 623 is further compressed, the screw cap part of the sixth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole 620, respectively squeezing the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear connecting screw hole 622 while passing through the cross
  • the hole 624 consolidates the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 with the second fixing part 62, and the screw part and the nail head of the sixth locking screw respectively pass through the locking screw hole 620 and then implanted in the bone.
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixing portion 61 of the deformed block 6 with the bone surface of the upper lateral end of the tibia, and inserts the locking screws through the locking screw holes 610, 610, and 610 on the top of the anterior side, respectively.
  • the upper screw part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the locking screw hole, and the upper screw
  • the connecting part and the fastening screw are bitten together, the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole, the screw part of the locking screw and the head of the screw are respectively inserted into the bone after the locking screw hole, and the final special-shaped block 6
  • the first fixing part 61 is fixed on the bone surface on the outer side of the tibia, and the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are respectively inserted into the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear connecting screw hole 622, and the locking screws are respectively Pass through two adjacent locking screw holes 620.
  • the upper screw part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 6202 of the locking screw hole 620, and the The screw cap of the locking screw stays in the upper edge 6201 of the locking screw hole 620, the gap of the middle groove 623 is further compressed, and the locking screw squeezes the front connecting screw hole 621 and the rear
  • the side connecting screw holes 622 are used to consolidate the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 with the second fixing part 62 through the cross hole 624.
  • the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw are respectively inserted through the locking screw hole 620 and then planted. Into the bone, the deformed block 6 is completely fixed to the proximal tibia.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block whose inner and outer surfaces are designed to be smooth and have special curvatures.
  • the multi-point and multi-angle fixed design improves the adhesion and covering properties and has strong biocompatibility, thereby reducing patient discomfort At the same time, it can be fixed more firmly.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block 7, which is applied to fix the fractured part in tibial fracture surgery.
  • Fig. 22 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 23 is a side view (1) of the special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 24 is a view of the special-shaped block provided by the fourth embodiment of the present invention Side view (2); as shown in the figure, the special-shaped block 7 of the fourth embodiment of the present invention has a plate-like structure, and the special-shaped block 7 specifically includes: a first fixing portion 71 and a second fixing portion 72.
  • the first fixing portion 71 and the second fixing portion 72 are connected and formed integrally.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 72 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the normal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane, which is the normal direction of the first plane.
  • the plane parallel to the vertical direction of is set as the third plane; the side parallel to the long side of the special-shaped block 7 in the first fixing part 71 is defined as the outer side of the special-shaped block 7, extending from the long side to the short side, and the short side end side Defined as the inside of the special-shaped block 7.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing part 71 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface is successively provided with a plurality of screw holes and round holes extending from the inner side to the outer side.
  • the inner surface of the first fixing part 71 is an arc-shaped surface and is connected to the tibia.
  • the curved surface of the proximal outer upper end is adapted to be fixed on the outer proximal tibia; specifically, the top of the first fixing part 71 is sequentially provided with a first top locking screw hole 710 and a second top locking screw hole from the inside to the outside. 711, the third top locking screw hole 712 and the fourth top locking screw hole 713.
  • the first top locking screw hole 710 is located at the end near the short side of the top of the first fixing portion 71.
  • the inside of the first top locking screw hole 710 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge, and the surface of the upper edge is a smooth curved surface.
  • a fastening thread is provided on the surface of the lower edge, and the first top locking screw hole 710 is used to fit and fix the inner surface of the first fixing portion 71 with the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the first upper screw portion of the first locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the first top locking screw hole 710 .
  • the screw cap part of the first locking screw stays in the upper edge of the first top locking screw hole 710, the screw part and the nail head of the first locking screw The parts respectively pass through the first top locking screw holes 710 and then are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the third plane is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the range of the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ is 6-10°; the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the second plane is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the range of the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 14-18°.
  • the second top locking screw hole 711 is located below the first top locking screw hole 710 and between the first top locking screw hole 710 and the third top locking screw hole 712. Similarly, the inside of the second top locking screw hole 711 The inside of the first top locking screw hole 710 has an upper edge and a lower edge. The second top locking screw hole 711 has the same function as the first top locking screw hole 710.
  • the first fixing part is fixed by a locking screw. 71 is attached and fixed on the bone surface of the upper outer side of the tibia;
  • the second upper screw portion of the second locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the second top locking screw hole 711 .
  • the screw cap part of the second locking screw stays in the upper edge of the second top locking screw hole 711, and the screw part and the nail head of the second locking screw
  • the parts pass through the second top locking screw holes 711 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the third plane is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal;
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the second plane is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 10 to 14°.
  • the third top locking screw hole 712 is located between the second top locking screw hole 711 and the fourth top locking screw hole 713. Similarly, the inside of the third top locking screw hole 712 and the inside of the first top locking screw hole 710 have the same On the upper and lower edges, the function of the third top locking screw hole 712 is the same as that of the first top locking screw hole 710, and the first fixing part 71 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia through a locking screw. ;
  • the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the third top locking screw hole 712 .
  • the screw cap part of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the third top locking screw hole 712, and the screw part and nail head of the third locking screw After passing through the third top locking screw holes 712 respectively, they are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the third plane is the third vertical inclination ⁇ , the third vertical inclination ⁇ and the first The vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal; the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the second plane is a third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 6 to 10°.
  • the fourth top locking screw hole 713 is located below the third top locking screw hole 712. Similarly, the inside of the fourth top locking screw hole 713 and the first top locking screw hole 710 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the function of the four top locking screw holes 713 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw holes 710, both of which are to attach and fix the first fixing portion 71 on the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the fourth upper screw portion of the fourth locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the fourth top locking screw hole 713 .
  • the screw cap part of the fourth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the fourth top locking screw hole 713, and the screw part and nail head of the fourth locking screw After passing through the fourth top locking screw holes 713 respectively, they are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the third plane is the fourth vertical inclination ⁇ , the fourth vertical inclination ⁇ and the first The vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal; the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the second plane is the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'ranges from 3 to 7°.
  • the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ are the same; as shown in Fig. 24, the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ The degrees of the horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'decrease in order.
  • a first middle locking screw hole 714, a second middle locking screw hole 715, and a third middle locking screw hole 716 are sequentially provided in the middle of the first fixing portion 71 from the inside to the outside.
  • the first middle locking screw hole 714 is located below the first top locking screw hole 710 near the inner side of the special-shaped block 7. Similarly, the first middle locking screw hole 714 and the first top locking screw hole 710 have the same upper edge and At the lower edge, the function of the first middle locking screw hole 714 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 710, and the first fixing part 71 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia by a locking screw;
  • the fifth upper threaded portion of the fifth locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the first middle locking screw hole 714 .
  • the screw cap part of the fifth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the first middle locking screw hole 714, and the screw part and nail head of the fifth locking screw After passing through the first central locking screw holes 714, the parts are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the third plane is the fifth vertical inclination ⁇ , and the range of the fifth vertical inclination ⁇ is 4-8°; the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the second plane is the fifth horizontal inclination ⁇ ′, and the fifth horizontal inclination ⁇ ′ ranges from 12 to 16°.
  • the second central locking screw hole 715 is located below the first central locking screw hole 714, between the first central locking screw hole 714 and the third central locking screw hole 716. Similarly, the inside of the second central locking screw hole 715 The inside of the first top locking screw hole 710 has an upper edge and a lower edge. The second middle locking screw hole 715 has the same function as the first top locking screw hole 710.
  • the first fixing part is fixed by a locking screw. 71 is attached and fixed on the bone surface of the upper outer side of the tibia;
  • the sixth upper screw portion of the sixth locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the second middle locking screw hole 715 .
  • the screw cap part of the sixth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the second middle locking screw hole 715, and the screw part and the nail head of the sixth locking screw
  • the parts are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the third plane is the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal;
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the second plane is the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the range of the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 8-12°.
  • the third middle locking screw hole 716 is located below the second middle locking screw hole 715. Similarly, the inside of the third middle locking screw hole 716 and the first top locking screw hole 710 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the function of the three middle locking screw holes 716 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw holes 710, and the first fixing part 71 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the upper outer end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the seventh upper screw portion of the seventh locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the third middle locking screw hole 716 .
  • the screw cap part of the seventh locking screw stays in the upper edge of the third middle locking screw hole 716, and the screw part and nail head of the seventh locking screw
  • the parts are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the seventh locking screw and the third plane is the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal;
  • the inclination angle formed by the seventh locking screw and the second plane is the seventh horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the range of the seventh horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 4-8°.
  • the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ are the same; as shown in Figure 24, the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'and the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ are the same.
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 717 is located at the lower part of the first fixing portion 71. Similarly, the inside of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 717 and the first top locking screw hole 710 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the function of an obliquely inserted locking screw hole 717 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 710, and the first fixing part 71 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the proximal tibia by a locking screw;
  • the eighth upper threaded portion of the eighth locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 717. Screwing, as the eighth upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are screwed together, the screw cap part of the eighth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 717, and the screw part of the eighth locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 717 and then implanted in the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the eighth locking screw and the third plane is the eighth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , which is the eighth vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 11 to 15°; the eighth vertical inclination angle ⁇ intersects the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ ; the eighth locking screw is formed by the second plane
  • the inclination angle is the eighth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the range of the eighth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 20-24°.
  • the eighth vertical inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the seventh vertical inclination angle ⁇ are greater than the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • first vertical inclination angle ⁇ the second vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • third vertical inclination angle ⁇ the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • seventh vertical inclination angle The degree of ⁇ decreases successively.
  • the eighth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′.
  • the positioning holes 718 which are composed of round holes, are located at the top and the middle of the first fixing portion 71, and specifically include a first positioning hole 7180, a second positioning hole 7181, a third positioning hole 7182, and a fourth positioning hole 7183;
  • the hole 7180, the second positioning hole 7181 and the third positioning hole 7182 are respectively located above the first top locking screw hole 710, the second top locking screw hole 711, the third top locking screw hole 712 and the fourth top locking screw hole 713,
  • the fourth positioning hole 7183 is located between the top locking screw hole and the middle locking screw hole.
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 718 is smaller than that of the locking screw hole. Thread sutures or cables.
  • FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of part BB in FIG. 22, and FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of part CC in FIG. 22; combined with FIG. 26 and FIG. 27, the inner surface of the first fixing portion 71 extends from the top to the middle of the arc surface
  • the radius of curvature gradually increases.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal cut surface between the top locking screw hole and the middle locking screw hole is R1 in the range of 30 to 35mm; the middle locking screw hole and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section between 717 and R2 ranges from 58 to 63 mm.
  • FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of the AA part in FIG. 22.
  • the outer surface of the second fixing portion 72 is set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and two adjacent fixing screw holes 720 are set in The curved surface is arranged at a certain distance along the long axis of the second fixing portion 72.
  • the inside of the fixing screw hole 720 is specifically composed of an upper edge 7201 and a lower edge 7202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 7201 is a smooth curved surface and the upper edge of the locking screw
  • the screw connection parts are matched, the surface of the lower edge 7202 is provided with fastening threads, and the middle groove 723 is provided between the upper edge 7201 and the lower edge 7202.
  • the hole diameter of the fixing screw hole 720 is the same as that of the locking screw hole;
  • the part where the inner surface fits with the tibial shaft is also set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface of the inner surface of the second fixing part 72 can be adapted to make
  • the lateral profiled block 7 at the proximal end of the tibia fits more closely to the surface of the tibia;
  • the side surface of the second fixing part 72 is provided with a anterior connecting screw hole 721 and a posterior connecting screw hole 722, a anterior connecting screw hole 721 and a posterior connecting screw hole 722, respectively Are arranged in parallel along the long axis direction of the second fixing part 72, and are respectively located on both sides of the fixing screw hole 720.
  • the front connecting screw hole 721 and the rear connecting screw hole 722 are used to connect the connecting rod 2 with the special-shaped block 7 through a locking screw. Connect firmly together.
  • the front connecting screw hole 721 is located at the front side of the side surface of the second fixing portion 72, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole 721 is the first aperture D1;
  • the rear connecting screw hole 722 is located at the rear side of the side of the second fixing portion 72, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole 722 is the second aperture D2;
  • the first aperture D1 and the second aperture D2 are equal or unequal, and the apertures of the front connecting screw hole 721 and the rear connecting screw hole 722 are set to be different.
  • the purpose is to better conform to the shape and characteristics of Asian bones. .
  • the intersection of the front connecting screw hole 721, the rear connecting screw hole 722, and the fixing screw hole 720 in the second fixing portion 72 has a cross hole 724.
  • the cross hole 724 is mainly used to squeeze the connecting rod 2 through the locking screw to realize the connection.
  • the rod 2 is fixed in the second fixing portion 72.
  • the first connecting rod 20 is inserted into the front connecting screw hole 721, and the second connecting rod 21 is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole 722.
  • the ninth upper screw portion of the ninth locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 7202 of the fixing screw hole 720.
  • the gap of the middle groove 723 is further compressed, the screw cap part of the ninth locking screw stays in the upper edge 7201 of the fixing screw hole 720, respectively squeezing the front connecting screw hole 721 and the rear connecting screw hole 722 while passing through
  • the cross hole 724 consolidates the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 with the second fixing part 72, and the screw part and the nail head of the ninth locking screw respectively pass through the fixing screw hole 720 and then implanted in the bone.
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixation portion 71 of the profiled block 7 of the proximal outer side of the tibia with the bone surface of the upper outer side of the tibia, and inserts the locking screws on the first top to lock them.
  • the screw hole 710, the second top locking screw hole 711, the third top locking screw hole 712, and the fourth top locking screw hole 713 when the locking screw passes through the locking screw hole, the upper screw portion of the locking screw and the locking screw hole The lower edge of the locking screw is screwed together.
  • the screw cap of the locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole, and the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw pass through respectively.
  • the first fixing part 71 of the profiled block 7 on the outer side of the proximal tibia is fixed on the bone surface of the outer side of the tibia.
  • the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are respectively inserted into the front connecting screw.
  • the locking screw is inserted into two adjacent fixing screw holes 720 respectively.
  • the upper screw part of the locking screw is connected to the fixing screw hole 720.
  • the lower edge 7202 of the screw hole 720 is screwed together.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge 7201 of the fixing screw hole 720, and the gap in the middle groove 723 is covered.
  • the locking screws respectively squeeze the front connecting screw holes 721 and the rear connecting screw holes 722, while consolidating the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 with the second fixing portion 72 through the cross hole 724, and the locking screw
  • the screw part and the head of the nail are respectively inserted into the bone after passing through the fixing screw hole 720.
  • the outer profiled block 7 of the proximal end of the tibia is completely fixed to the proximal end of the tibia.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which realizes a cross-locking spatial structure by setting locking screw holes in different orientations, improves the firmness of fixation with the tibia, and is integrally formed with a certain curvature to ensure adhesion ,
  • the scope of the package is wider, reducing the discomfort of the patient.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block 8 which is applied to fix the fractured part in tibial fracture surgery.
  • Fig. 28 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 29 is a bottom view of a special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 30 is an end side view of the special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • the special-shaped block 8 of the fifth embodiment of the present invention is a plate-shaped structure, and the special-shaped block 8 specifically includes: a first fixing portion 81 and a second fixing portion 82.
  • the first fixing portion 81 has an L-shaped structure, and the first fixing portion 81 and the second fixing portion 82 are connected and formed integrally.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 82 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the horizontal direction of the normal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane, which is the normal direction of the first plane.
  • the vertical parallel plane is set as the third plane; in the L-shaped structure of the first fixing portion 81, the end side close to the short side is defined as the inner side of the shaped block 8, which extends from the short side to the long side, and is close to the long side.
  • the edge side is defined as the outer side of the special-shaped block 8.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing portion 81 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and the arc-shaped curved surface is successively provided with a plurality of screw holes and circular holes extending from the inner side to the outer side, and the inner surface of the first fixing portion 81 is an L-shaped arc-shaped surface. It is adapted to the curved surface of the outer upper end of the tibia for fixing on the outer side of the tibia; specifically, the top of the first fixing part 81 is sequentially provided with a first top locking screw hole 810, a second top locking screw hole 811, The third top locking screw hole 812 and the fourth top locking screw hole 813.
  • the first top locking screw hole 810 is located at the end of the top of the first fixing part 81 close to the short side of the L shape.
  • the inside of the first top locking screw hole 810 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge, and the surface of the upper edge is smooth
  • the curved surface of the lower edge portion is provided with fastening threads, and the first top locking screw hole 810 is used to fit and fix the inner surface of the first fixing portion 81 with the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • Fig. 29 is a bottom view of a special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 30 is an end side view of the special-shaped block provided by the fifth embodiment of the present invention; combined with Figs. 29 and 30, in a specific embodiment
  • the inclination angle formed by the first locking screw and the third plane is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ is 7°; the first locking screw
  • the inclination angle formed with the second plane is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 25.7°.
  • the second top locking screw hole 811 is located above the first top locking screw hole 810 and between the first top locking screw hole 810 and the third top locking screw hole 812. Similarly, the inside of the second top locking screw hole 811 The inside of the first top locking screw hole 810 has an upper edge and a lower edge. The function of the second top locking screw hole 811 is the same as that of the first top locking screw hole 810.
  • the first fixing part is fixed by a locking screw. 81 is attached to and fixed on the bone surface of the upper outer side of the tibia;
  • the second upper screw portion of the second locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the second top locking screw hole 811 .
  • the screw cap part of the second locking screw stays in the upper edge of the second top locking screw hole 811, and the screw part and the nail head of the second locking screw
  • the parts pass through the second top locking screw holes 811 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the third plane is the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ .
  • the vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal;
  • the inclination angle formed by the second locking screw and the second plane is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is equal to the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the third top locking screw hole 812 is between the second top locking screw hole 811 and the fourth top locking screw hole 813. Similarly, the inside of the third top locking screw hole 812 and the inside of the first top locking screw hole 810 have the same On the upper and lower edges, the function of the third top locking screw hole 812 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 810, and the first fixing part 81 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia by a locking screw. ;
  • the third upper screw portion of the third locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the third top locking screw hole 812 .
  • the screw cap part of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the third top locking screw hole 812, and the screw part and nail head of the third locking screw After passing through the third top locking screw holes 812, the parts are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the third plane is the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the first The vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal; the inclination angle formed by the third locking screw and the second plane is the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′, and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is equal to the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′.
  • the fourth top locking screw hole 813 is located above the third top locking screw hole 812. Similarly, the inside of the fourth top locking screw hole 813 and the inside of the first top locking screw hole 810 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the function of the four top locking screw holes 813 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw holes 810, both of which are to attach and fix the first fixing portion 81 to the bone surface of the upper outer end of the tibia through a locking screw;
  • the fourth upper screw portion of the fourth locking screw is screwed into the lower edge of the fourth top locking screw hole 813 .
  • the screw cap part of the fourth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the fourth top locking screw hole 813, the screw part and the nail head of the fourth locking screw The parts pass through the fourth top locking screw holes 813 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the third plane is the fourth vertical inclination ⁇ , the fourth vertical inclination ⁇ and the first The vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal; the inclination angle formed by the fourth locking screw and the second plane is the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is equal to the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ and the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ are the same; as shown in Figure 30, the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the second vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • the horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ' are the same.
  • the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 is located in the middle of the L-shaped long side of the first fixing part 81. Similarly, the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 has the same upper edge as the inside of the first top locking screw hole 810 And the lower edge part, the function of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 810, and the first fixing part 81 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the outer tibia by a locking screw;
  • the fifth upper threaded portion of the fifth locking screw is connected to the lower edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814. Screwing, as the fifth upper screw connection part and the fastening thread are screwed together, the screw cap part of the fifth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814, and the screw part of the fifth locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the third plane is the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ is equal to the first vertical inclination angle ⁇
  • the inclination angle formed by the fifth locking screw and the second plane is the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is 107.3°
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ′ is the same as the first The horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'intersect.
  • the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815 is arranged at a certain distance from the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814 along the long side of the L-shape, and is located at the lower part of the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814. Similarly, the second oblique insertion locking screw hole The inside of the screw hole 815 has the same upper and lower edges as the inside of the first top locking screw hole 810. The function of the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 810, both through the locking screw. Attaching and fixing the first fixing portion 81 on the bone surface of the outer side of the tibia;
  • the screw cap part of the sixth locking screw stays in the upper edge of the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815, and the screw part of the sixth locking screw And the nail head respectively pass through the second oblique insertion locking screw hole 815 and then implanted into the bone.
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the third plane is the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the sixth vertical inclination
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is 13°;
  • the inclination angle formed by the sixth locking screw and the second plane is the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is 94.3°, and the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ 'is respectively the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ' ,
  • the sixth vertical inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ , the fourth vertical inclination angle ⁇ , and the fifth vertical inclination angle ⁇ ;
  • the fifth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ' is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', the fourth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ', and the sixth horizontal inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the lower locking screw hole 816 is located at the lower part of the L-shaped long side of the first fixing part 81. Similarly, the inside of the lower locking screw hole 816 and the first top locking screw hole 810 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the function of the locking screw hole 816 is the same as the function of the first top locking screw hole 810, and the first fixing part 81 is attached and fixed to the bone surface of the outer tibia by a locking screw.
  • the positioning hole 817 is composed of a round hole and is located on the short side of the L-shaped top of the first fixing portion 81, and specifically includes a first positioning hole 8170, a second positioning hole 8171, a third positioning hole 8172, and a fourth positioning hole 8173;
  • the first positioning hole 8170, the second positioning hole 8171 and the third positioning hole 8172 are respectively located at the first top locking screw hole 810, the second top locking screw hole 811, the third top locking screw hole 812, and the fourth top locking screw hole.
  • the fourth positioning hole 8173 is located between the fourth top locking screw hole 813 and the first oblique insertion locking screw hole 814.
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 817 is smaller than that of the locking screw hole.
  • the positioning hole 817 is used for intraoperative alignment.
  • the special-shaped block is temporarily fixed or used for threading sutures or cables.
  • 32 is a cross-sectional view of part BB in FIG. 28. As shown in the figure, the radius of curvature of the arc surface of the inner surface of the first fixing portion 81 extending from the top to the middle portion gradually changes.
  • the specific top third positioning hole 8172 and the third positioning hole 8172 are gradually changed.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom edge of the horizontal section between the four positioning holes 8173 is R1, and the value range is 35-40 mm.
  • FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the AA part in FIG. 28.
  • the outer surface of the second fixing portion 82 is set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and two fixing screw holes 820 are provided in the arc-shaped surface.
  • the inside of the curved surface is arranged at a certain distance along the long axis of the second fixing part 82.
  • the inside of the fixed screw hole 820 is specifically composed of an upper edge 8201 and a lower edge 8202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 8201 is a smooth curved surface and the upper screw connection part of the locking screw.
  • the surface of the lower edge 8202 is provided with fastening threads, and the diameter of the fixed screw hole 820 is the same as that of the locking screw hole; the inner surface of the second fixing part 82 is also set on the side where the tibial shaft fits with a certain arc.
  • the arc of the inner surface of the second fixing part 82 can be adapted to make the special-shaped block 8 more fit the tibial surface; the sides of the second fixing part 82 are respectively set
  • the front connecting screw holes 821 and the rear connecting screw holes 822 are arranged in parallel along the long axis direction of the second fixing portion 82, and are respectively arranged in the fixing screw holes 820. On both sides, the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole 822 are used to firmly connect the connecting rod 2 and the special-shaped block 8 together by locking screws.
  • the front connecting screw hole 821 is located at the front side of the side of the second fixing portion 82, and the aperture of the front connecting screw hole 821 is the first aperture D1;
  • the rear connecting screw hole 822 is located at the rear side of the side surface of the second fixing portion 82, and the aperture of the rear connecting screw hole 822 is the second aperture D2;
  • the first aperture D1 and the second aperture D2 are equal or unequal, and the different apertures of the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole 822 are specially designed to better conform to the shape and characteristics of Asian bones.
  • the second fixing part 82 firmly fixes the connecting rod 2 inside the second fixing part 82 by a locking screw; the intersection of the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole 822 with the fixing screw hole 820 has a cross hole 823, which crosses The hole 823 is mainly used to squeeze the connecting rod 2 through a locking screw, so that the connecting rod 2 is fixed in the second fixing portion 82.
  • the first connecting rod 20 is inserted into the front connecting screw hole 821, and the second connecting rod 21 is inserted into the rear connecting screw hole 822.
  • the seventh upper screw connection part of the seventh locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 8202 of the fixing screw hole 820.
  • the first The screw cap part of the seven locking screw stays in the upper edge 8201 of the fixing screw hole 820, respectively squeezing the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole 822, and at the same time connects the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 20 through the cross hole 823.
  • the connecting rod 21 is consolidated with the second fixing part 82, and the screw part and the nail head of the seventh locking screw respectively pass through the fixing screw hole 820 and then implanted in the bone.
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixing portion 81 of the deformed block 8 with the bone surface of the outer upper end of the tibia, and inserts the locking screws 1 into the first top locking screw holes 810, respectively.
  • the second top locking screw hole 811, the third top locking screw hole 812, and the fourth top locking screw hole 813 when the locking screw passes through the locking screw hole, the upper screw portion of the locking screw and the lower edge of the locking screw hole As the upper threaded part and the fastening thread are engaged together, the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole, and the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw pass through the locking screw respectively.
  • the first fixing part 81 of the shaped block 8 is finally fixed on the bone surface of the upper outer side of the tibia, and the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are respectively inserted into the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting In the screw hole 822, at the same time, the locking screw is inserted into the two fixing screw holes 820 respectively.
  • the upper screw part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 8202 of the fixing screw hole 820.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays in the upper edge 8201 of the fixing screw hole 820, respectively squeezing the front connecting screw hole 821 and the rear connecting screw hole
  • the first connecting rod 20 and the second connecting rod 21 are fixed with the second fixing part 82 through the cross hole 823 at the same time.
  • the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw respectively pass through the fixing screw hole 820 and then implant in the bone. So far, the special-shaped block 8 is completely fixed to the distal end of the tibia.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is integrally formed and has a certain curvature to ensure adhesion.
  • the fixed screw holes in different orientations realize a cross-locking spatial structure, which improves the firmness of the connection and has a wider wrapping range. , To reduce the patient's discomfort.
  • the sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which is used for fixing the fractured part in femoral fracture surgery, and is specifically used for the proximal end of the femur.
  • Fig. 33 is a top view of a special-shaped block provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 38 is a side sectional view of a special-shaped block provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention; as shown in the figure, the special-shaped block of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is With a plate-like structure, the special-shaped block specifically includes: a first fixing portion 91 and a second fixing portion 92.
  • the first fixing portion 91 and the second fixing portion 92 are connected and formed integrally.
  • the plane where the second fixing portion 92 is located is set as the first plane, and the plane parallel to the normal horizontal direction of the first plane is set as the second plane.
  • the outer surface of the first fixing portion 91 is an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc.
  • the arc-shaped curved surface is sequentially provided with a plurality of screw holes and round holes from the top to the bottom.
  • the inner surface of the first fixing portion 91 is an arc-shaped surface and is connected to the upper end of the femur.
  • the first fixing part 91 is fixed to the top of the femur by a locking screw; specifically, the top of the first fixing part 91 is sequentially provided with a top locking screw hole 910, a middle locking screw hole 911, and a bottom locking screw from the front end to the end. Screw holes 912 and positioning holes 913.
  • the top locking screw hole 910 is specifically composed of two adjacent screw holes and is located on the upper part of the first fixing portion 91.
  • the top locking screw hole 910 is specifically composed of an upper edge and a lower edge, and the surface of the upper edge is a smooth curved surface.
  • the surface of the lower edge portion is provided with fastening threads, and the top locking screw hole 910 is used to attach and fix the inner surface of the first fixing portion 91 with the bone surface of the tip of the femur through a locking screw;
  • FIG. 39 is a side view of a special-shaped block provided by the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first upper threaded part of the first locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the top locking screw hole 910.
  • the screw cap part of the first locking screw Stay in the upper edge of the top locking screw hole 910.
  • the screw part and the nail head of the first locking screw pass through the top locking screw hole 910 and are implanted into the bone.
  • the first locking screw and the second fixing constitutes an inclination angle
  • the inclination angle is the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇
  • the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 118 to 123°
  • the first locking screw and the second plane constitute an inclination angle
  • the inclination angle is the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ ′
  • the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ ′ ranges from 8° to 12°.
  • the middle locking screw hole 911 which is specifically composed of a screw hole, is located in the middle of the upper part of the first fixing part 91. Similarly, the middle locking screw hole 911 and the top locking screw hole 910 have an upper edge and a lower edge.
  • the locking screw hole 911 is used for attaching and fixing the inner surface of the first fixing portion 91 with the femoral neck of the femur through a locking screw;
  • Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of the AA part in Figure 33, combined with Figure 34 and Figure 39, in a specific embodiment, when the second locking screw passes through the middle locking screw hole 911, the second locking screw
  • the upper screw connection part is screwed with the lower edge part of the middle locking screw hole 911.
  • the screw cap of the second locking screw stays in the middle locking screw hole 911 In the upper edge of the second locking screw, the screw part and the nail head of the second locking screw respectively pass through the middle locking screw hole 911 and then implanted in the bone.
  • the first plane where the second locking screw and the second fixing part 92 are located Constitutes an inclination angle
  • the inclination angle is the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇
  • the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ is 125°
  • the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇
  • the second locking screw forms an inclination angle with the second plane
  • the inclination angle is the second vertical
  • the inclination angle ⁇ ', the second vertical inclination angle ⁇ 'and the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ ' have the same range.
  • the bottom locking screw hole 912 is located below the two top locking screw holes 910. Similarly, the bottom locking screw hole 912 and the top locking screw hole 910 have an upper edge and a lower edge. At the rim, the bottom locking screw hole 912 is used to attach and fix the inner surface of the first fixing portion 91 with the diaphysis of the femur through a locking screw;
  • the third upper threaded portion of the third locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the bottom locking screw hole 912, as the first The upper threaded part and the fastening thread are tightened together, the screw cap of the third locking screw stays in the upper edge of the bottom locking screw hole 912, and the screw part and the nail head of the third locking screw pass through the bottom to lock separately
  • the screw hole 912 is implanted into the bone.
  • the third locking screw forms an inclination angle with the first plane where the second fixing portion 92 is located.
  • the inclination angle is the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ , and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ranges from 123 to 128°, the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the first horizontal inclination angle ⁇ , and the third horizontal inclination angle ⁇ is greater than the second horizontal inclination angle ⁇ ; the third locking screw forms an inclination angle with the second plane, which is the third vertical inclination angle ⁇ ',
  • the range of the three vertical inclination angle ⁇ ' is the same as the range of the first vertical inclination angle ⁇ '.
  • the positioning hole 913 is composed of a round hole and is specifically arranged between the top locking screw hole 910 and the middle locking screw hole 911, the other side opposite to the middle locking screw hole 911, and the other side opposite to the bottom locking screw hole 912,
  • the hole diameter of the positioning hole 913 is smaller than the hole diameter of the locking screw hole, and the positioning hole 913 is used for temporarily fixing a special-shaped block during the operation or for threading sutures or cables.
  • FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of the CC part in FIG. 33
  • FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view of the DD part in FIG. 33; combined with FIG. 36 and FIG. 37, the inner surface of the first fixing portion 91 extends from the top to the middle of the arc surface
  • the radius of curvature gradually increases.
  • the radius of curvature of the bottom side of the horizontal section between the top locking screw hole 910 and the middle locking screw hole 911 is R1 in the range of 35 to 40mm; the bottom of the horizontal section of the top locking screw hole 910
  • the radius of curvature of the side R2 ranges from 22 to 27 mm.
  • the outer surface of the second fixing portion 92 is set as an arc-shaped curved surface with a certain arc, and two fixing screw holes 920 are provided in the arc-shaped surface.
  • the inside of the curved surface is arranged at a certain distance along the long axis of the second fixing part 92.
  • the inside of the fixed screw hole 920 is specifically composed of an upper edge 9201 and a lower edge 9202.
  • the surface of the upper edge 9201 is a smooth curved surface and the upper screw connection part of the locking screw.
  • the surface of the lower edge 9202 is provided with fastening threads, and the hole diameter of the fixing screw hole 920 is the same as that of the locking screw hole; the inner surface of the second fixing part 92 is also set on the side where the femoral shaft fits with a certain arc.
  • the curvature of the arc-shaped curved surface of the inner surface of the second fixing part 92 can be adapted so that the special-shaped block fits the femoral surface better;
  • the second fixing part 92 is provided with a side surface respectively
  • the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 and the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922, the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 and the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixing screw hole 920, and the second fixing part 92.
  • the connecting rod 2 is firmly fixed inside the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 and the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 by the locking screw 1; the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 and the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 are connected with each other.
  • the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 is located on the left side of the side surface of the second fixing portion 92, and the aperture of the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 is the first aperture D1;
  • the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 is located on the right side of the side of the second fixing portion 92, and the aperture of the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 is the second aperture D2;
  • the first aperture D1 and the second aperture D2 are equal or unequal, and the different apertures of the first connecting rod connecting screw hole 921 and the second connecting rod connecting screw hole 922 are specially designed to better conform to the shape and characteristics of Asian bones. .
  • the connecting rod 2 is inserted into the connecting rod connecting screw hole 921, and when the fourth locking screw passes through the fixing screw hole 920, the fourth upper screw portion of the fourth locking screw and the fixing screw hole The lower edge 9202 of the 920 is screwed together. As the fourth upper threaded portion is screwed and bitten with the fastening thread, the screw cap part of the fourth locking screw stays in the upper edge 9201 of the fixing screw hole 920 while being squeezed and connected The rod is connected to the screw hole 921 to consolidate the connecting rod 2 and the second fixing part 92, and the screw part and the nail head of the fourth locking screw are respectively inserted through the fixing screw hole 920 and implanted in the bone.
  • the doctor aligns and fits the first fixing portion 91 of the profiled block with the bone surface of the tip of the femur, and inserts the locking screws into two adjacent top locking screw holes 910, respectively.
  • the middle locking screw hole 911 and two adjacent bottom locking screw holes 912 when the locking screw passes through the locking screw hole, the upper screw part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge of the locking screw hole, as The upper threaded part and the fastening thread are bitten together.
  • the screw cap of the locking screw stays in the upper edge of the locking screw hole.
  • the screw part and the head of the locking screw pass through the locking screw hole and are implanted into the bone, and the final shape is abnormal.
  • the first fixing portion 91 of the block is fixed on the bone surface of the tip of the femur, and then the two connecting rods 2 are respectively inserted into the connecting rod connecting screw holes 321, and the locking screws are respectively inserted into the fixing screw holes 920.
  • the upper screw connection part of the locking screw is screwed with the lower edge 9202 of the fixing screw hole 920.
  • the screw cap part of the locking screw stays In the upper edge 9201 of the fixing screw hole 920, while pressing the connecting rod connecting screw hole 921, the connecting rod 2 and the second fixing part 92 are fixed through the cross hole 922, and the screw part and the nail head of the locking screw are respectively passed through After fixing the screw hole 920, it is implanted into the bone, so far the special-shaped block is completely fixed to the proximal end of the femur.
  • the sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a special-shaped block, which has an integrated molding design, and has better adhesion performance on the arc surface, and the fixed screw hole in the same orientation achieves a cross-locking spatial structure, and the force is more uniform, thereby avoiding damage to the femur. Concentrated compression ensures blood circulation and improves patient comfort.

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Abstract

一种异形块,包括:第一固定部(41)和第二固定部(42):第一固定部(41)内表面为弧形表面;第一固定部(41)包括:两个顶部锁定螺孔(410),位于第一固定部(41)上部;第一斜插锁定螺孔(411),位于顶部锁定螺孔(410)下方;第二斜插锁定螺孔(412),位于第一斜插锁定螺孔(411)下方;两个中部锁定螺孔(413),位于第二斜插锁定螺孔(412)下方;第三斜插锁定螺孔(414),位于中部锁定螺孔(413)下方;两个下部锁定螺孔(415),位于第三斜插锁定螺孔(414)下方;第二固定部(42)包括:固定螺孔(420),位于第二固定部(42)表面;连接杆连接圆孔(4221,4222),位于第二固定部(42)侧面。异形块设计为一体成型结构,安装简便,实现连接的稳固性,提升贴合度,降低对骨骼的二次损伤,提升患者的舒适度以及保证使用安全性。

Description

一种异形块
本申请要求于2019年12月26日提交中国专利局,申请号为201911370227.4,发明名称为“一种肱骨近端异形块”;申请号为201911370293.1,发明名称为“一种胫骨近端内侧异形块”;申请号为201911370378.X,发明名称为“一种胫骨近端外侧异形块”;申请号为201911367918.9,发明名称为“一种胫骨近端外侧异形块”;申请号为201911370366.7,发明名称为“一种胫骨远端异形块”;申请号为201911370255.6,发明名称为“一种股骨近端异形块”的中国专利申请的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科医疗器械领域,尤其涉及一种异形块。
背景技术
随着人口老龄化的加速,骨折的发生率也在不断上升。其中肱骨骨折是非常常见的损伤,在治疗肱骨骨折时,将断裂的骨骼复位需要使用连接杆等固定装置将断裂的骨骼稳固地连接并固定在一起。
使用过程中,为了保证连接杆对肱骨的固定,对连接杆的两端加装固定装置,可以避免骨骼的移位,便于病人适当进行锻炼,使骨骼最大限度地恢复功能,现有的固定装置为了达到稳固肱骨的目的,固定装置表面安装的螺钉一般都比较密集,其存在以下缺陷:1、植入的螺钉过多,钻孔对肱骨结构破坏较大,容易造成肱骨头的变形;2、植入的螺钉长时间存在于肱骨内,会影响血液循环并造成肱骨头的病变;3、固定装置表面除了预设钉孔外,当其与肱骨紧贴时,会使患者产生不适感。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种异形块,板状设计,安装简便,连接牢固,提升贴合度,降低对骨骼的二次损伤,提升患者的舒适度以及保证使用安全性。
为实现上述目的,第一方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,用于与肱骨上端的曲面相适配;所述第一固定部包括:
两个顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部上部,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;
第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述顶部锁定螺孔下方,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;
第二斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第二斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第二斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三竖直倾角与第二竖直倾角相交叉;
两个中部锁定螺孔,位于所述第二斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述中部锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;
第三斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述中部锁定螺孔下方,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第三斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第三斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;
两个下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第三斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述下部锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述下部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;所述第六竖直倾角与第五竖直倾角相交叉;
所述第二固定部包括:
固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
连接杆连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面;连接杆插接入所述连接杆连接圆孔内,当第七锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述连接杆连接圆孔,将所述连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角范围为12~18°,所述第三竖直倾角范围为25~31°,所述第四竖直倾角范围为13~18°,所述第六竖直倾角范围为7~13°。
优选的,插接入所述第一斜插锁定螺孔的所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
插接入所述第二斜插锁定螺孔的所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
插接入所述中部锁定螺孔的所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
插接入所述下部锁定螺孔的所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;所述第四水平倾角与所述第三水平倾角相等。
进一步优选的,所述第二水平倾角范围为9~15°,所述第三水平倾角范围为4~11°,所述第四水平倾角和所述第六水平倾角范围为7~13°。
优选的,所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和第一斜插锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为33~38mm;
所述第一固定部位于所述第二斜插锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为21~25mm;
所述第一固定部位于所述第三斜插锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R3,所述R3的取值范围为15~20mm。
优选的,所述第一固定部还具有一个以上的定位孔,用于所述异形块在手术过程中进行临时固定时使用。
优选的,所述第一固定部和第二固定部为一体成型结构。
优选的,所述连接杆连接圆孔具体包括:第一连接杆连接圆孔和第二连接杆连接圆孔;
所述第一连接杆连接圆孔的直径和第二连接杆连接圆孔的直径相等或不等。
为实现上述目的,第二方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块为板状结构,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨内侧上端的曲面相适配,用于与所述胫骨内侧相固定;所述第一固定部包括:
前侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部前侧位,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
中位顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部中位,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中位顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中位顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
后侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部后侧位,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;所述第三竖直倾角与所述第二竖直倾角相等;
下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部;
所述第二固定部包括:
固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
前侧连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接圆孔的孔径为第一孔径;
后侧连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接圆孔的孔径为第二孔径;
第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接圆孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接圆孔内,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接圆孔和后侧连接圆孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角范围为3~6°,所述第二竖直倾角范围为2~5°,所述第三竖直倾角范围为2~5°。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角范围为6~9°,所述第二水平倾角范围为6~9°,所述第三水平倾角范围为8~11°。
优选的,所述第二水平倾角与所述第一水平倾角相等。
优选的,所述第一固定部的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为28~33mm;
所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为75~80mm。
优选的,所述第一固定部还包括定位孔;
所述定位孔用于所述异形块在手术过程中进行临时固定时使用。
优选的,所述前侧连接圆孔的第一孔径和所述后侧连接圆孔的第二孔径相等或不等。
为实现上述目的,第三方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;所述第一固定部包括:
前侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部前侧位,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
中位顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部中位,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中位顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中位顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
后侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部后侧位,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的中部,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;所述第四竖直倾角分别与所述第一竖直倾角、第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角相交叉;
下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述下部锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述下部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角;
所述第二固定部包括:
锁定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
前侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔的孔径为第一孔径;
后侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔的孔径为第二孔径;
第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔内, 当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述锁定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔和后侧连接螺孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角相等。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相等。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角范围为6~10°,所述第四竖直倾角范围为30~35°,所述第五竖直倾角范围为12~17°。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角和第四水平倾角范围为10~15°,所述第二水平倾角范围为10~14°,所述第三水平倾角范围为5~10°,所述第五水平倾角范围为18~23°。
优选的,所述第一固定部的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为25~30mm;
所述第一固定部位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为60~65mm。
优选的,所述第一固定部还包括定位孔;
所述定位孔位于所述第一固定部的顶端靠近边缘处,用于手术中临时固定异形块或穿引缝合线或线缆。
优选的,所述前侧连接螺孔的第一孔径和所述后侧连接螺孔的第二孔径相等或不等。
为实现上述目的,第四方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;
所述第一固定部顶部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一顶部锁定螺孔、第二顶部锁定螺孔、第三顶部锁定螺孔和第四顶部锁定螺孔;
当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述第一顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述第一顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第二顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第二顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第三顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第三顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第四顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第四顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;
所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角依 次减小;
所述第一固定部中部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一中部锁定螺孔、第二中部锁定螺孔和第三中部锁定螺孔;
当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第一中部锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第一中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角;
当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述第二中部锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述第二中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第六水平倾角;
当第七锁定螺钉穿设所述第三中部锁定螺孔后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与所述第三中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第七锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第七竖直倾角;所述第七锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第七水平倾角;
所述第五水平倾角、所述第六水平倾角和所述第七水平倾角依次减小;
第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部,当第八锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第八锁定螺钉的第八上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第八锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第八水平倾角;所述第八锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第八竖直倾角;所述第八竖直倾角分别与所述第五竖直倾角、第六竖直倾角和第七竖直倾角相交叉;
所述第二固定部包括:
固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
前侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔的孔径为第一孔径;
后侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔的孔径为第二孔径;
第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔内,当第九锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第九锁定螺钉的第九上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔和后侧连接螺孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
优选的,所述第八竖直倾角大于所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角、所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、第三竖直倾角和第四竖直倾角范围为6~10°,所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角范围为4~8°,第八竖直倾角范围为11~15°。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角和所述第四竖直倾角相同;所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角相同。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖 直倾角、所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角依次减小。
优选的,所述第八水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角、所述第四水平倾角、所述第五水平倾角、所述第六水平倾角和所述第七水平倾角。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角范围为14~18°,所述第二水平倾角范围为10~14°,所述第三水平倾角范围为6~10°,所述第四水平倾角范围为3~7°,所述第五水平倾角范围为12~16°,所述第六水平倾角范围为8~12°,所述第七水平倾角范围为4~8°,所述第八水平倾角范围为20~24°。
优选的,所述第一固定部位于顶部锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为30~35mm;
所述第一固定部位于中部锁定螺孔和所述第一斜插锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为58~63mm。
优选的,所述第一固定部还具有一个以上的定位孔,用于手术中临时固定异形块或穿引缝合线或线缆。
优选的,所述前侧连接螺孔的第一孔径和所述后侧连接螺孔的第二孔径相等或不等。
为实现上述目的,第五方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块8为板状结构,所述异形块8具体包括:第一固定部81和第二固定部82,所述第一固定部81和第二固定部82相连接:
所述第一固定部81内表面为L型弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;
所述第一固定部81顶部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一顶部锁定螺孔810、第二顶部锁定螺孔811、第三顶部锁定螺孔812和第四顶部锁定螺孔813;
当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述第一顶部锁定螺孔810后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述第一顶部锁定螺孔810进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第二顶部锁定螺孔811后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第二顶部锁定螺孔811进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第三顶部锁定螺孔812后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第三顶部锁定螺孔812进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第四顶部锁定螺孔813后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第四顶部锁定螺孔813进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
第一斜插锁定螺孔814,位于所述第一固定部81的中部,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔814后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔 814进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角,所述第五水平倾角分别与所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相交叉;
第二斜插锁定螺孔815,位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔814的下部,当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述第二斜插锁定螺孔815后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述第二斜插锁定螺孔815进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部82所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第六水平倾角,所述第六水平倾角分别与所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相交叉;
下部锁定螺孔816,位于所述第一固定部81的下部;
所述第二固定部82包括:
固定螺孔820,位于所述第二固定部82表面;
前侧连接螺孔821,位于所述第二固定部82侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔821的孔径为第一孔径;
后侧连接螺孔822,位于所述第二固定部82侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔822的孔径为第二孔径;所述第二孔径小于所述第一孔径;
第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔821内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔822内,当第九锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔820后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第九上螺接部与所述固定螺孔820进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部82固结。
优选的,所述异形块8还包括定位孔817;
所述定位孔817包括第一定位孔8170、第二定位孔8171、第三定位孔8172和第四定位孔8173;其中所述第一定位孔8170、第二定位孔8171和第三定位孔8172分别位于顶部锁定螺孔的顶端,第四定位孔8173位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和所述第一斜插锁定螺孔814之间,所述定位孔817用于术中对所述异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆。
优选的,所述第六竖直倾角大于所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角和所述第五竖直倾角。
优选的,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角和第五竖直倾角为7°、所述第六竖直倾角为13°。
优选的,所述第五水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角、所述第四水平倾角和所述第六水平倾角;所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相同。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角为25.7°,所述第五水平倾角为107.3°,所述第六水平倾角为94.3°。
优选的,第一固定部81位于所述第三定位孔8172和所述第四定位孔8173之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为28~32mm。
优选的,所述前侧连接螺孔的第一孔径和所述后侧连接螺孔的第二孔径相等或不等。
为实现上述目的,第六方面,本发明提供了一种异形块,所述异形块为板状结构,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与股骨上端的曲面相适配,与顶端相固定;所述第一固定部包括;
两个相邻的顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部上部,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的倾角为第一水平倾角;
中部锁定螺孔,位于所述一固定部上部的中部,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的倾角为第二水平倾角;所述第二水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角;
两个相邻的底部锁定螺孔,位于两个所述顶部锁定螺孔下,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述底部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述底部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面方向倾角为第三水平倾角;所述第三水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角;
所述第二固定部包括:
固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
连接杆连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面;连接杆插接入所述连接杆连接螺孔内,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述连接杆连接螺孔,将所述连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
优选的,所述第一固定部还具有一个以上的定位孔,用于术中对所述异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆。
优选的,所述第一锁定螺钉、所述第二锁定螺钉和所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的倾角相同,所述倾角范围为8~12°。
优选的,所述第一水平倾角范围为118~123°,第二水平倾角为125°,第三水平倾角范围为123~128°。
优选的,所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和所述中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为35~40mm;
所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔部位的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为22~27mm。
优选的,所述连接杆连接螺孔具体包括第一连接杆连接螺孔和第二连接杆连接螺孔;
所述第一连接杆连接螺孔的直径和第二连接杆连接螺孔的直径相等或不等。
本发明实施例提供的一种异形块,其设计为一体成型结构,安装简便,实现连接的稳固性,提升贴合度,降低对骨骼的二次损伤,提升患者的舒适度以及保证使用安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块俯视图;
图2为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块仰视图;
图3为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块侧视图(一);
图4为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块侧视图(二);
图5为图2中尾部A-A部分的剖面图;
图6为图1中头部B-B部分的剖面图;
图7为图1中头部C-C部分的剖面图;
图8为图1中头部D-D部分的剖面图;
图9为异形块与锁定螺钉和连接杆结合使用的示意图;
图10为本发明第二实施例提供的异形块的俯视图;
图11为本发明第二实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(一);
图12为本发明第二实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(二);
图13为图10中A-A部分的剖面图;
图14为图10中B-B部分的剖面图;
图15为图10中C-C部分的剖面图;
图16为本发明第三实施例提供的异形块的俯视图;
图17为本发明第三实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(一);
图18为本发明第三实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(二);
图19为图16中A-A部分的剖面图;
图20为图16中B-B部分的剖面图;
图21为图16中C-C部分的剖面图;
图22为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的俯视图;
图23为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(一);
图24为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(二);
图25为图22中A-A部分的剖面图;
图26为图22中B-B部分的剖面图;
图27为图22中C-C部分的剖面图;
图28为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的俯视图;
图29为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的仰视图;
图30为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的末端侧视图;
图31为图28中A-A部分的剖面图;
图32为图28中B-B部分的剖面图;
图33为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的俯视图;
图34为图33中A-A部分的剖面图;
图35为图33中B-B部分的剖面图;
图36为图33中C-C部分的剖面图;
图37为图33中D-D部分的剖面图;
图38为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的侧视剖面图;
图39为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
本发明第一实施例提供了一种异形块,该异形块应用于肱骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定,具体用于肱骨近端。
图1为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块俯视图,图2为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块仰视图,图3为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块侧视图(一);结合图1、图2和图3所示, 本发明提供一种异形块,异形块为板状设计,具体包括:第一固定部41和第二固定部42。
第一固定部41和第二固定部42相连接并且为一体成型结构。
优选的,本第一实施例中第二固定部42所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面,与第一平面的法向的垂直方向平行的平面设定为第三平面;本第一实施例中,锁定螺钉与第二固定部42所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为竖直倾角,该竖直倾角为锁定螺钉与第三平面的夹角;同样的,锁定螺钉与第二固定部42所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为水平倾角,该水平倾角为锁定螺钉与第二平面的夹角。
第一固定部41外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上沿第一固定部41长边方向依次设置有9个锁定螺孔和5个圆孔,分别是两个顶部锁定螺孔410、第一斜插锁定螺孔411、第二斜插锁定螺孔412、两个中部锁定螺孔413、第三斜插锁定螺孔414、两个下部锁定螺孔415和定位孔416;其中,定位孔416包括第一定位孔4160、第二定位孔4161、第三定位孔4162、第四定位孔4163和第五定位孔4164;第一固定部41内表面为弧形表面,与肱骨内侧上端的曲面相适配,第一固定部41通过锁定螺钉穿插锁定螺孔实现固定于肱骨外侧的骨表面。
两个顶部锁定螺孔410,位于第一固定部41的上部,对称设置于异形块长轴的两侧,顶部锁定螺孔410的作用是从肱骨上端表面的两侧通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现第一固定部41的内表面与肱骨上端的骨面的贴合,顶部锁定螺孔410内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第一锁定螺钉穿设顶部锁定螺孔410后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与顶部锁定螺孔410的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在顶部锁定螺孔410的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过顶部锁定螺孔410后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第一竖直倾角α,该第一竖直倾角α范围为12~18°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第一水平倾角α′,该第一水平倾角α′为0°;由于两个顶部锁定螺孔410的穿射方向相同且两个螺孔之间相隔一定距离,可以避免孔位设置在同一直线或平面上容易造成螺钉相互切割的现象,从而降低术中发生置钉困难的问题。
第一斜插锁定螺孔411,位于异形块长轴的右侧且设置于顶部锁定螺孔410下方与第二定位孔4161相对设置,第一斜插锁定螺孔411的作用是从肱骨头上端表面的一侧通过斜插锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现第一固定部41的内表面的外缘与肱骨头上端的骨面的贴合,同样的,第一斜插锁定螺孔411内部也具有上缘部和下缘部;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设第一斜插锁定螺孔411后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与第一斜插锁定螺孔411的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一斜插锁定螺孔411的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一斜插锁定螺孔411后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第二竖直倾角β,该第二竖直倾角β为0°;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第二水平倾角β′,该第二水平倾角β′范围为9~15°;由于第一斜插锁定螺孔411的穿射方向和顶部锁定螺孔410的穿射方向不同,如此设置可以实现锁定螺钉能被置入肱骨头的不同区域,进而达到增加锁定螺钉的把持力的作用。
第二斜插锁定螺孔412,位于异形块长轴的左侧且设置于第一斜插锁定螺孔411的下方,第二斜插锁定螺孔412的作用是从肱骨头上端表面的另一侧通过斜插锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现第一固定部41的内表面的外缘与肱骨头上端的骨面的贴合,同样的,第二斜插锁定螺孔412内部也具有上缘部和下缘部;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设第二斜插锁定螺孔412后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与第二斜插锁定螺孔412的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第二斜插锁定螺孔412的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第二斜插锁定螺孔412后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第三竖直倾角γ,该第三竖直倾角γ范围为25~31°;第三锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第三水平倾角γ′,该第三水平倾角γ′范围为4~11°;其中第三竖直倾角γ与第二竖直倾角β相交叉,由于第一斜插锁定螺孔411、顶部锁定螺孔410和第二斜插锁定螺孔412的穿射方向都不同,可以实现锁定螺钉被置入肱骨头的不同区域,并构建空间立体交叉结构,达到增加锁定螺钉的把持力的同时使异形块更加牢固的固定于肱骨表面。
两个中部锁定螺孔413,位于第一固定部41的中部且对称设置于异形块长轴的两侧,设置于第二斜插锁定螺孔412的下方,两个中部锁定螺孔413的作用是从肱骨头中端表面通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现穿过螺孔的螺钉在肱骨头的全部区域内均匀分布,避免肱骨头的前端被置入过多的锁定螺钉;同样的,两个中部锁定螺孔413内部也具有上缘部和下缘部;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第四锁定螺钉穿设中部锁定螺孔413后,第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与锁定螺孔413的下缘部进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在中部锁定螺孔413的上缘部内,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过中部锁定螺孔413后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第四锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第四竖直倾角δ,该第四竖直倾角δ范围为13~18°;第四锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第四水平倾角δ′,该第四水平倾角δ′范围为7~13°;其中两个中部锁定螺孔413穿射方向相同且两个螺孔之间相隔一定距离,中部锁定螺孔413与第一斜插锁定螺孔411、顶部锁定螺孔410和第二斜插锁定螺孔412的穿射方向都不同,可以实现锁定螺钉被置入肱骨头的不同区域,构建空间立体交叉结构,达到增加锁定螺钉的把持力的同时使异形块更加牢固的固定于肱骨表面。
第三斜插锁定螺孔414,位于中部锁定螺孔413的下方且设置于异形块长轴线上,中部锁定螺孔413的作用是从肱骨头中端表面通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现第一固定部41在肱骨头的精确定位;同样的,第三斜插锁定螺孔414内部也具有上缘部和下缘部;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第五锁定螺钉穿设第三斜插锁定螺孔414后,第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与第三斜插锁定螺孔414的下缘部进行螺合,随着第五上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第五锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第三斜插锁定螺孔414的上缘部内,第五锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第三斜插锁定螺孔414后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第五锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第五竖直倾角ε,该第五竖直倾角ε为0°;第五锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第五水平倾角ε′,该第五水平倾角ε′为0°。
图6为图1中头部B-B部分的剖面图,图7为图1中头部C-C部分的剖面图,图8为图1中头部D-D部分的剖面图;结合图1、图6、图7和图8所示,第一固定部41内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐变大,具体的顶部锁定螺孔410和第一斜插锁定螺孔411之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1的取值范围为33~38mm;第二斜插锁定螺孔412和中部锁定螺孔413之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2的取值范围为21~25mm;第三斜插锁定螺孔414和下部锁定螺孔415之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R3的取值范围为15~20mm。
两个下部锁定螺孔415,位于第一固定部41的下部且对称设置于异形块长轴的两侧,设置于第三斜插锁定螺孔414的下方,两个下部锁定螺孔415的作用是从肱骨头下端表面通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部41固定在其表面,实现穿过螺孔的螺钉在肱骨头的全部区域内均匀分布,避免肱骨头的坏死和损失过多的骨量,避免肱骨头出现塌陷;同样的,两个下部锁定螺孔415内部也具有上缘部和下缘部;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第六锁定螺钉穿设两个下部锁定螺孔415后,第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与两个下部锁定螺孔415的下缘部进行螺合,随着第六上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第六锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在两个下部锁定螺孔415的上缘部内,第六锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过两个下部锁定螺孔415后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第六锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第六竖直倾角ζ,该第六竖直倾角ζ范围为7~13°,第六竖直倾角ζ与第五竖直倾角ε相交叉;第六锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第六水平倾角ζ′,第六水平倾角ζ′与第四水平倾角δ′相等;其中两个下部锁定螺孔415穿射方向相同且两个螺孔之间相邻设置,下部锁定螺孔415与顶部锁定螺孔410和中部锁定螺孔413的对称设置方式、穿射方向与第一斜插锁定螺孔411、第二斜插锁定螺孔412和第三斜插锁定螺孔414的设置方式、穿射方向都不同,上述锁定螺孔在第一固定部41的穿射和设置方式除了实现锁定螺钉的空间立体交叉结构以外,螺钉在肱骨头内分布更均匀,还可以使螺钉提供更大的把持力,肱骨头的各区域的受力更加均匀,从而使异形块的稳定性更好,并避免造成肱骨头的损伤。
结合图1所示,定位孔416由圆孔组成,位于第一固定部41上部和中部,具体由第一定位孔4160、第二定位孔4161、第三定位孔4162、第四定位孔4163和第五定位孔4164构成;其中第一定位孔4160位于第一固定部41上部且介于两个顶部锁定螺孔410的中间,第二定位孔4161位于第一固定部41上部且介于第二斜插锁定螺孔412和顶部锁定螺孔410之间,第三定位孔4162位于第一固定部41中部且介于两个中部锁定螺孔413的中间,第四定位孔4163和第五定位孔4164分别位于两个中部锁定螺孔413的下方,介于第三斜插锁定螺孔414的两侧,定位孔416的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔416用于在异形块在手术过程中进行临时固定时使用。
图3为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块侧视图(一),图4为本发明第一实施例提供的异形块侧视图(二);如图3所示,第三竖直倾角γ的倾角最大;如图4所示,第二水平倾角β′的倾角最大;本实施例中,锁定螺孔都不设置在一个平面上,这种设计可以实现锁定螺钉被置入肱骨头的不同区域,构建空间立体交叉结构,达到增加锁定螺钉的把持力的目的,同时使异形块更加牢固的固定于肱骨表面。
图5为图2中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图1、图2和图5所示,第二固定部42的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个相邻的固定螺孔420设置于该弧形曲面内,且沿第二 固定部42的长轴方向相邻设置,固定螺孔420内部具体由上缘4201和下缘4202构成,上缘4201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘4202表面设置紧固螺纹,上缘4201和下缘4202之间设置有中间槽421,固定螺孔420的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部42的内表面与肱骨骨干相贴合的部位同样设置有具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,为了使第二固定部42与肱骨的贴合更加紧密,同时对骨折部位加固更加牢固,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部52的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得异形块更加适合亚洲人和中国人的骨骼。
如图5所示,第二固定部42的侧面设置有连接杆连接圆孔422,连接杆连接圆孔422具体由第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222组成,第一连接杆连接圆孔4221的直径和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222的直径相等或不等,第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222对称设置于固定螺孔420的两侧,连接杆连接圆孔422用于通过锁定螺钉将连接杆2与异形块牢固的连接在一起。
第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222与固定螺孔420的相交处具有交叉孔423,交叉孔423主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部52内。
在一个具体的实施例中,第一连接杆21和第二连接杆22分别插接入第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222内,当第七锁定螺钉分别穿设两个相邻的固定螺孔420后,第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与固定螺孔420的下缘4202进行螺合,随着第七上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,中间槽421的缝隙被进一步压缩,第七锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔420的上缘4201内,挤压第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222的同时通过交叉孔423将第一连接杆21和第二连接杆22与第二固定部42固结,第七锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔420后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明第一实施例提供的异形块的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图1和图9,对异形块的使用方式进行详述;
医生在胫骨骨折手术中使用该异形块对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的胫骨骨折手术过程中,医生将异形块的第一固定部41与肱骨外侧上端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉分别穿设入两个顶部锁定螺孔410、第一斜插锁定螺孔411、第二斜插锁定螺孔412、两个中部锁定螺孔413、第三斜插锁定螺孔414和两个下部锁定螺孔415内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,由此异形块的第一固定部41固定于肱骨外侧的骨面上,将第一连接杆21和第二连接杆22依次插入第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于两个相邻的固定螺孔420内,当锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔420后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与固定螺孔420的下缘4202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔420的上缘4201内,中间槽421的缝隙被进一步压缩,锁定螺钉挤压第一连接杆连接圆孔4221和第二连接杆连接圆孔4222的同时通过交叉孔423将第一连接杆21和第二连接杆22与第二固定部42固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔420后植入骨骼内,至此异形块实现与和肱骨头的完全固定。
本发明第一实施例提供的一种异形块,其设计为一体成型结构,安装简便,实现连接的稳固性,提升贴合度,降低对骨骼的二次损伤,提升患者的舒适度以及保证使用安全性。
本发明第二实施例提供了一种异形块,该异形块应用于胫骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定,具体用于胫骨近端内侧。
图10为本发明第二实施例提供的异形块的俯视图,图11为本发明第二实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(一);结合图10和图11所示,本发明第二实施例的异形块为板状结构,具体包括:第一固定部51和第二固定部52。
第一固定部51和第二固定部52相连接并且为一体成型设计。
优选的,本第二实施例中第二固定部52所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面,与第一平面的法向的垂直方向平行的平面设定为第三平面;本第二实施例中,锁定螺钉与第二固定部52所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为竖直倾角,该竖直倾角为锁定螺钉与第三平面的夹角;同样的,锁定螺钉与第二固定部52所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为水平倾角,该水平倾角为锁定螺钉与第二平面的夹角;第一固定部51中与异形块短边平行的一侧定义为异形块的前侧,由长边延伸至短边,第一固定部51短边的末端一侧定义为异形块的后侧。
第一固定部51外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上沿第一固定部51短边方向设置有多个锁定螺孔和圆孔,第一固定部51内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨内侧上端的曲面相适配,第一固定部51通过锁定螺钉固穿插定于胫骨内侧的骨表面。
第一固定部51顶部由内侧到外侧顺次设置有前侧顶部锁定螺孔510、中位顶部锁定螺孔511、后侧顶部锁定螺孔512、下部锁定螺孔513和定位孔514。
前侧顶部锁定螺孔510,位于第一固定部51的顶部前侧位,前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹,前侧顶部锁定螺孔510用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部51的内表面边缘与胫骨内侧上端的骨面相贴合并固定在其表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第一锁定螺钉穿设前侧顶部锁定螺孔510后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与前侧顶部锁定螺孔510的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在前侧顶部锁定螺孔510的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过前侧顶部锁定螺孔510后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第一竖直倾角α,该第一竖直倾角α范围为3~6°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第一水平倾角α′,该第一水平倾角α′范围为6~9°。
中位顶部锁定螺孔511,位于第一固定部51的顶部中位,介于前侧顶部锁定螺孔510和后侧顶部锁定螺孔512之间,同样的,中位顶部锁定螺孔511内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔510内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,中位顶部锁定螺孔511的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔510的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设中位顶部锁定螺孔511后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与中位顶部锁定螺孔511的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在中位顶部锁定螺孔511的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过中位顶部锁定螺孔511后植入骨骼内, 植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第二竖直倾角β,该第二竖直倾角β范围为2~5°;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第二水平倾角β′,第二水平倾角β′和第一水平倾角α′相同。
后侧顶部锁定螺孔512,位于第一固定部51的顶部后侧位,同样的,后侧顶部锁定螺孔512内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔510内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,后侧顶部锁定螺孔512的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔510的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设后侧顶部锁定螺孔512后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与后侧顶部锁定螺孔512的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在后侧顶部锁定螺孔512的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过后侧顶部锁定螺孔512后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第三竖直倾角γ,第三竖直倾角γ和第二竖直倾角β相同;第三锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第三水平倾角γ′,该第三水平倾角γ′范围为8~11°。
如图11所示,第一竖直倾角α大于第二竖直倾角β和第三竖直倾角γ;如图12所示,第三水平倾角γ′大于第一水平倾角α′和第二水平倾角β′。
下部锁定螺孔513,位于第一固定部51的下部,同样的,下部锁定螺孔513内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔510内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,下部锁定螺孔513的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔510的作用相同;
下部锁定螺孔513与锁定螺钉结合使用的方式与前侧顶部锁定螺孔510与第一锁定螺钉结合使用的方式相同,在此不再复述。
定位孔514由圆孔组成,位于第一固定部51顶部中位靠近第一固定部51前端一侧,具体包括第一定位孔5140和第二定位孔5141;其中第一定位孔5140位于前侧顶部锁定螺孔510和中位顶部锁定螺孔511之间,第二定位孔5141位于中位顶部锁定螺孔511和后侧顶部锁定螺孔512之间,定位孔514的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔514用于在异形块在手术过程中进行临时固定时使用。
图14为图10中B-B部分的剖面图,图15为图10中C-C部分的剖面图;结合图14和图15所示,第一固定部51内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐变大,具体的第一固定部51的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R的取值范围为28~33mm;第一斜插锁定螺孔513和下部锁定螺孔514之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2的取值范围为75~80mm。
图13为图10中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图10和图13所示,第二固定部52的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个相邻的固定螺孔520设置于该弧形曲面内,沿第二固定部52的长轴方向间隔一定距离设置,固定螺孔520内部具体由上缘5201和下缘5202构成,上缘5201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘5202表面设置紧固螺纹,上缘5201和下缘5202之间设置有中间槽523,固定螺孔520的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部52的内表面与胫骨骨干相贴合的部位同样设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部52的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得异形块更加贴合胫骨表面;第二固定部52的侧面分别设置有前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522,前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522沿第二固定部52的长轴方向平行设置,并分别位于固定螺孔520的两侧,前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522用于通过锁定螺钉将连 接杆2与异形块牢固的连接在一起。
前侧连接圆孔521,位于第二固定部52侧面的前侧位,前侧连接圆孔521的孔径为第一孔径D1;
后侧连接圆孔522,位于第二固定部52侧面的后侧位,后侧连接圆孔522的孔径为第二孔径D2;
其中第一孔径D1与第二孔径D2相等或不等,前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522的孔径设置为不同的目的是为了更加符合亚洲人的骨骼形状和特点而专门设计的。
第二固定部52内前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522与固定螺孔520的相交处具有交叉孔524,交叉孔524主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部52内。
在一个具体的实施例中,第一连接杆20插接入前侧连接圆孔521内,第二连接杆21插接入后侧连接圆孔522内,当两根第四锁定螺钉分别穿设两个相邻的固定螺孔520后,第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与固定螺孔520的下缘5202进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,中间槽523的缝隙被进一步压缩,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔520的上缘5201内,分别挤压前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522的同时通过交叉孔524将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部52固结,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔520后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明实施例提供的异形块的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图10和图13,对异形块的使用方式进行详述;
医生在胫骨骨折手术中使用该异形块对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的胫骨骨折手术过程中,医生将异形块的第一固定部51与胫骨内侧上端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉分别穿设于前侧顶部锁定螺孔510、中位顶部锁定螺孔511和后侧顶部锁定螺孔512内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,最终异形块的第一固定部51固定于胫骨外侧的骨面上,分别将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21依次插入前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于两个相邻的固定螺孔520内,当锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔520后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与固定螺孔520的下缘5202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔520的上缘5201内,中间槽523的缝隙被进一步压缩,锁定螺钉分别挤压前侧连接圆孔521和后侧连接圆孔522的同时通过交叉孔524将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部52固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔520后植入骨骼内,至此异形块实现与和胫骨近端的完全固定。
本发明第二实施例提供的一种异形块,其设计轻便、板状结构、提升固定结构的稳定性,实现多点固定、球面接触、达到便于贴附固定,缩短康复时间。
本发明第三实施例提供了一种异形块6,该异形块应用于胫骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定,具体用于胫骨近端外侧。
图16为本发明第三实施例提供的异形块的俯视图,如图所示,本发明第三实施例的异形 块6为板状结构,异形块6具体包括:第一固定部61和第二固定部62。
第一固定部61和第二固定部62相连接并且为一体成型。
优选的,本第三实施例中第二固定部62所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面,与第一平面的法向的垂直方向平行的平面设定为第三平面;第一固定部61中与异形块6长边平行的一侧定义为异形块6的前侧,由长边延伸至短边,第一固定部61短边的末端一侧定义为异形块6的后侧。
第一固定部61外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上沿第一固定部61短边方向设置有多个锁定螺孔和圆孔,第一固定部61内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,第一固定部61通过锁定螺钉固定于胫骨外侧的骨表面。
第一固定部61具体包括:前侧顶部锁定螺孔610、中位顶部锁定螺孔611、后侧顶部锁定螺孔612、第一斜插锁定螺孔613、下部锁定螺孔614和定位孔615。
前侧顶部锁定螺孔610,位于第一固定部61的顶部前侧位,前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹,前侧顶部锁定螺孔610用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部61的内表面与胫骨外侧上端的骨面相贴合并固定在其表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第一锁定螺钉穿设前侧顶部锁定螺孔610后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过前侧顶部锁定螺孔610后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第一竖直倾角α,该第一竖直倾角α范围为6~10°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第一水平倾角α′,该第一水平倾角α′范围为10~15°。
中位顶部锁定螺孔611,位于第一固定部61的顶部中位,介于前侧顶部锁定螺孔610和后侧顶部锁定螺孔612之间,同样的,中位顶部锁定螺孔611内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,中位顶部锁定螺孔611的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设中位顶部锁定螺孔611后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与中位顶部锁定螺孔611的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在中位顶部锁定螺孔611的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过中位顶部锁定螺孔611后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第二竖直倾角β;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第二水平倾角β′,该第二水平倾角β′范围为10~14°。
后侧顶部锁定螺孔612,位于第一固定部61的顶部后侧位,同样的,后侧顶部锁定螺孔612内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,后侧顶部锁定螺孔612的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设后侧顶部锁定螺孔612后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与后侧顶部锁定螺孔612的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在后侧顶部锁定螺孔612的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过后侧顶部锁定螺孔612后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第三竖直倾角γ;第三锁定螺钉与 第二平面构成的倾角为第三水平倾角γ′,该第三水平倾角γ′范围为5~10°。
第一斜插锁定螺孔613,位于第一固定部61的中部,同样的,第一斜插锁定螺孔613内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第一斜插锁定螺孔613的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第四锁定螺钉穿设第一斜插锁定螺孔613后,第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与第一斜插锁定螺孔613的下缘部进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一斜插锁定螺孔613的上缘部内,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一斜插锁定螺孔613后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第四锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第四竖直倾角δ,该第四竖直倾角δ范围为30~35°,第四竖直倾角δ分别与第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β和第三竖直倾角γ相交叉;第四锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第四水平倾角δ′。
如图17所示,第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β和第三竖直倾角γ相同;如图18所示,第一水平倾角α′和第四水平倾角δ′相等。
下部锁定螺孔614,位于第一固定部61的下部,同样的,下部锁定螺孔614内部和前侧顶部锁定螺孔610内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,下部锁定螺孔614的作用与前侧顶部锁定螺孔610的作用相同;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第五锁定螺钉穿设下部锁定螺孔614后,第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与下部锁定螺孔614的下缘部进行螺合,随着第五上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第五锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在下部锁定螺孔614的上缘部内,第五锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过下部锁定螺孔614后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第五锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第五竖直倾角ε,该第五竖直倾角ε范围为12~17°;第五锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第五水平倾角ε′,该第五水平倾角ε′范围为18~23°。
如图17所示,第四竖直倾角δ大于第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ和第五竖直倾角ε;如图18所示,第五水平倾角ε′大于第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′和第四水平倾角δ′。
定位孔615由圆孔组成,位于第一固定部71顶部中位靠近第一固定部61前端一侧,具体包括第一定位孔6150和第二定位孔6151;其中第一定位孔6150位于前侧顶部锁定螺孔610和中位顶部锁定螺孔611之间,第二定位孔6151位于中位顶部锁定螺孔611和后侧顶部锁定螺孔612之间,定位孔615的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔615用于手术中临时固定异形块或穿引缝合线或线缆。
图20为图16中B-B部分的剖面图,图21为图16中C-C部分的剖面图;结合图20和图21所示,第一固定部61内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐变大,具体的第一固定部61的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R的取值范围为25~30mm;第一斜插锁定螺孔613和下部锁定螺孔614之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2的取值范围为60~65mm。
图19为图16中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图16和图19所示,第二固定部62的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个相邻的锁定螺孔620设置于该弧形曲面内,沿第二固定部62的长轴方向间隔一定距离设置,锁定螺孔620内部具体由上缘6201和下缘6202构成,上缘6201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘6202表面设置紧固螺纹, 上缘6201和下缘6202之间设置有中间槽623,锁定螺孔620的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部62的内表面与胫骨骨干相贴合的部位同样设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部62的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得异形块6更加贴合胫骨表面;第二固定部62的侧面分别设置有前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622,前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622沿第二固定部62的长轴方向平行设置,并分别位于锁定螺孔620的两侧,前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622用于通过锁定螺钉将连接杆2与异形块6牢固的连接在一起。
前侧连接螺孔621,位于第二固定部62侧面的前侧位,前侧连接螺孔621的孔径为第一孔径D1;
后侧连接螺孔622,位于第二固定部62侧面的后侧位,后侧连接螺孔622的孔径为第二孔径D2;
其中第一孔径D1和第二孔径D2相等或不等,前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622的孔径设置为不同的目的是为了更加符合亚洲人的骨骼形状和特点而专门设计的。
第二固定部62内前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622与锁定螺孔620的相交处具有交叉孔624,交叉孔624主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部62内。
在一个具体的实施例中,第一连接杆20插接入前侧连接螺孔621内,第二连接杆21插接入后侧连接螺孔622内,当两根第六锁定螺钉分别穿设两个相邻的锁定螺孔620后,第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与锁定螺孔620的下缘部进行螺合,随着第六上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,中间槽623的缝隙被进一步压缩,第六锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔620的上缘部内,分别挤压前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622的同时通过交叉孔624将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部62固结,第六锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔620后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明第三实施例提供的异形块6的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图16和图19,对异形块6的使用方式进行详述;
医生在胫骨骨折手术中使用该异形块6对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的胫骨骨折手术过程中,医生将异形块6的第一固定部61与胫骨外侧上端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉分别穿设于前侧顶部锁定螺孔610、中位顶部锁定螺孔611和后侧顶部锁定螺孔612内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,最终异形块6的第一固定部61固定于胫骨外侧的骨面上,分别将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21依次插入前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于两个相邻的锁定螺孔620内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔620后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔620的下缘6202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔620的上缘6201内,中间槽623的缝隙被进一步压缩,锁定螺钉分别挤压前侧连接螺孔621和后侧连接螺孔622的同时通过交叉孔624将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部62固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔620后植入骨骼内,至此异形块6实现与和胫骨近端的完全固定。
本发明第三实施例提供的一种异形块,其内外表面设计光滑且具有特殊的曲率,多点多角度固定设计,提升贴附性和包覆性、生物兼容性强,进而减轻患者的不适感的同时固定更加牢固。
本发明第四实施例提供了一种异形块7,该异形块应用于胫骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定。
图22为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的俯视图,图23为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(一),图24为本发明第四实施例提供的异形块的侧视图(二);如图所示,本发明第四实施例的异形块7为板状结构,异形块7具体包括:第一固定部71和第二固定部72。
第一固定部71和第二固定部72相连接并且为一体成型。
优选的,本第四实施例中第二固定部72所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面,与第一平面的法向的垂直方向平行的平面设定为第三平面;第一固定部71中与异形块7长边平行的一侧定义为异形块7的外侧,由长边延伸至短边,短边末端一侧定义为异形块7的内侧。
第一固定部71外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上由内侧延伸至外侧依次设置有多个螺孔和圆孔,第一固定部71内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨近端外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在胫骨近端外侧;具体的,第一固定部71顶部由内侧到外侧顺次设置有第一顶部锁定螺孔710、第二顶部锁定螺孔711、第三顶部锁定螺孔712和第四顶部锁定螺孔713。
第一顶部锁定螺孔710,位于第一固定部71顶部靠近短边的端部,第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹,第一顶部锁定螺孔710用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71的内表面与胫骨外侧上端的骨面相贴合并固定在其表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第一锁定螺钉穿设第一顶部锁定螺孔710后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一顶部锁定螺孔710的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一顶部锁定螺孔710后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第一竖直倾角α,该第一竖直倾角α范围为6~10°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第一水平倾角α′,该第一水平倾角α′范围为14~18°。
第二顶部锁定螺孔711,位于第一顶部锁定螺孔710的下方,介于第一顶部锁定螺孔710和第三顶部锁定螺孔712之间,同样的,第二顶部锁定螺孔711内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第二顶部锁定螺孔711的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设第二顶部锁定螺孔711后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与第二顶部锁定螺孔711的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第二顶部锁定螺孔711的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第二顶部锁定螺孔711后植入骨骼内, 植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第二竖直倾角β,第二竖直倾角β和第一竖直倾角α相等;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第二水平倾角β′,该第二水平倾角β′范围为10~14°。
第三顶部锁定螺孔712,介于第二顶部锁定螺孔711和第四顶部锁定螺孔713之间,同样的,第三顶部锁定螺孔712内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第三顶部锁定螺孔712的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设第三顶部锁定螺孔712后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与第三顶部锁定螺孔712的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第三顶部锁定螺孔712的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第三顶部锁定螺孔712后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第三竖直倾角γ,第三竖直倾角γ和第一竖直倾角α相等;第三锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第三水平倾角γ′,该第三水平倾角γ′范围为6~10°。
第四顶部锁定螺孔713,位于第三顶部锁定螺孔712的下方,同样的,第四顶部锁定螺孔713内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第四顶部锁定螺孔713的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第四锁定螺钉穿设第四顶部锁定螺孔713后,第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与第四顶部锁定螺孔713的下缘部进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第四顶部锁定螺孔713的上缘部内,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第四顶部锁定螺孔713后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第四锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第四竖直倾角δ,第四竖直倾角δ和第一竖直倾角α相等;第四锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第四水平倾角δ′,该第四水平倾角δ′范围为3~7°。
如图23所示,第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ和第四竖直倾角δ相同;如图24所示,第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′和第四水平倾角δ′的度数依次减小。
第一固定部71中部由内侧到外侧顺次设置有第一中部锁定螺孔714、第二中部锁定螺孔715和第三中部锁定螺孔716。
第一中部锁定螺孔714,位于第一顶部锁定螺孔710下方靠近异形块7内侧一端,同样的,第一中部锁定螺孔714内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第一中部锁定螺孔714的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第五锁定螺钉穿设第一中部锁定螺孔714后,第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与第一中部锁定螺孔714的下缘部进行螺合,随着第五上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第五锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一中部锁定螺孔714的上缘部内,第五锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一中部锁定螺孔714后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第五锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第五竖直倾角ε,该第五竖直倾角ε范围为4~8°;第五锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第五水平倾角ε′,该第五水 平倾角ε′范围为12~16°。
第二中部锁定螺孔715,位于第一中部锁定螺孔714的下方,介于第一中部锁定螺孔714和第三中部锁定螺孔716之间,同样的,第二中部锁定螺孔715内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第二中部锁定螺孔715的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第六锁定螺钉穿设第二中部锁定螺孔715后,第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与第二中部锁定螺孔715的下缘部进行螺合,随着第六上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第六锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第二中部锁定螺孔715的上缘部内,第六锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第二中部锁定螺孔715后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第六锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第六竖直倾角ζ,第六竖直倾角ζ和第五竖直倾角ε相等;第六锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第六水平倾角ζ′,该第六水平倾角ζ′范围为8~12°。
第三中部锁定螺孔716,位于第二中部锁定螺孔715的下方,同样的,第三中部锁定螺孔716内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第三中部锁定螺孔716的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第七锁定螺钉穿设第三中部锁定螺孔716后,第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与第三中部锁定螺孔716的下缘部进行螺合,随着第七上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第七锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第三中部锁定螺孔716的上缘部内,第七锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第三中部锁定螺孔716后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第七锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第七竖直倾角η,第七竖直倾角η和第五竖直倾角ε相等;第七锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第七水平倾角η′,该第七水平倾角η′范围为4~8°。
如图23所示,第五竖直倾角ε、第六竖直倾角ζ和第七竖直倾角η相同;如图24所示,第五水平倾角ε′、第六水平倾角ζ′和第七水平倾角η′的度数依次减小。
第一斜插锁定螺孔717,位于第一固定部71的下部,同样的,第一斜插锁定螺孔717内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔710内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第一斜插锁定螺孔717的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔710的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部71贴合并固定在胫骨近端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第八锁定螺钉穿设第一斜插锁定螺孔717后,第八锁定螺钉的第八上螺接部与第一斜插锁定螺孔717的下缘部进行螺合,随着第八上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第八锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一斜插锁定螺孔717的上缘部内,第八锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一斜插锁定螺孔717后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第八锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第八竖直倾角θ,该第八竖直倾角θ范围为11~15°;第八竖直倾角θ分别与第五竖直倾角ε、第六竖直倾角ζ和第七竖直倾角η相交叉;第八锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第八水平倾角θ′,该第八水平倾角θ′范围为20~24°。
如图23所示,第八竖直倾角θ大于第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ、第四竖直倾角δ、第五竖直倾角ε、第六竖直倾角ζ和第七竖直倾角η。
同样的,第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ、第四竖直倾角δ、第五竖直倾角ε、第六竖直倾角ζ和第七竖直倾角η的度数依次减小。
如图24所示,第八水平倾角θ′大于第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′、第四水平倾角δ′、第五水平倾角ε′、第六水平倾角ζ′和第七水平倾角η′。
定位孔718,由圆孔组成,分别位于第一固定部71顶部和中部,具体包括第一定位孔7180、第二定位孔7181、第三定位孔7182和第四定位孔7183;其中第一定位孔7180、第二定位孔7181和第三定位孔7182分别位于第一顶部锁定螺孔710、第二顶部锁定螺孔711、第三顶部锁定螺孔712和第四顶部锁定螺孔713的上方,第四定位孔7183位于顶部锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间,定位孔718的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔718用于手术中对胫骨近端外侧异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆。
图26为图22中B-B部分的剖面图,图27为图22中C-C部分的剖面图;结合图26和图27所示,第一固定部71内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐变大,具体的顶部锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1的取值范围为30~35mm;中部锁定螺孔和第一斜插锁定螺孔717之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2的取值范围为58~63mm。
图25为图22中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图22和图25所示,第二固定部72的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个相邻的固定螺孔720设置于该弧形曲面内,沿第二固定部72的长轴方向间隔一定距离设置,固定螺孔720内部具体由上缘7201和下缘7202构成,上缘7201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘7202表面设置紧固螺纹,上缘7201和下缘7202之间设置有中间槽723,固定螺孔720的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部72的内表面与胫骨骨干相贴合的部位同样设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部72的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得胫骨近端外侧异形块7更加贴合胫骨表面;第二固定部72的侧面分别设置有前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722,前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722沿第二固定部72的长轴方向平行设置,并分别位于固定螺孔720的两侧,前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722用于通过锁定螺钉将连接杆2与异形块7牢固的连接在一起。
前侧连接螺孔721,位于第二固定部72侧面的前侧位,前侧连接螺孔721的孔径为第一孔径D1;
后侧连接螺孔722,位于第二固定部72侧面的后侧位,后侧连接螺孔722的孔径为第二孔径D2;
其中第一孔径D1和第二孔径D2相等或不等,前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722的孔径设置为不同的目的是为了更加符合亚洲人的骨骼形状和特点而专门设计的。
第二固定部72内前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722与固定螺孔720的相交处具有交叉孔724,交叉孔724主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部72内。
在一个具体的实施例中,第一连接杆20插接入前侧连接螺孔721内,第二连接杆21插接入后侧连接螺孔722内,当两根第九锁定螺钉分别穿设两个相邻的固定螺孔720后,第九锁定螺钉的第九上螺接部与固定螺孔720的下缘7202进行螺合,随着第九上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,中间槽723的缝隙被进一步压缩,第九锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺 孔720的上缘7201内,分别挤压前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722的同时通过交叉孔724将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部72固结,第九锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔720后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明实施例提供的胫骨近端外侧异形块7的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图22和图25,对异形块7的使用方式进行详述;
医生在胫骨骨折手术中使用该胫骨近端外侧异形块7对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的胫骨骨折手术过程中,医生将胫骨近端外侧异形块7的第一固定部71与胫骨外侧上端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉分别穿设于第一顶部锁定螺孔710、第二顶部锁定螺孔711、第三顶部锁定螺孔712和第四顶部锁定螺孔713内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,最终胫骨近端外侧异形块7的第一固定部71固定于胫骨外侧的骨面上,分别将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21依次插入前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于两个相邻的固定螺孔720内,当锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔720后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与固定螺孔720的下缘7202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔720的上缘7201内,中间槽723的缝隙被进一步压缩,锁定螺钉分别挤压前侧连接螺孔721和后侧连接螺孔722的同时通过交叉孔724将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部72固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔720后植入骨骼内,至此胫骨近端外侧异形块7实现与和胫骨近端的完全固定。
本发明第四实施例提供的一种异形块,通过设置不同方位的锁定螺孔实现交叉锁定的空间结构,提升与胫骨的固定的牢固度,一体成型设计且具有一定曲度,保证贴附性,包裹范围更广,减轻患者的不适感。
本发明第五实施例提供了一种异形块8,该异形块应用于胫骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定。
图28为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的俯视图,图29为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的仰视图,图30为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的末端侧视图;如图所示,本发明第五实施例的异形块8为板状结构,异形块8具体包括:第一固定部81和第二固定部82。
第一固定部81为L型结构,第一固定部81和第二固定部82相连接并且为一体成型。
优选的,本第五实施例中第二固定部82所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面,与第一平面的法向的垂直方向平行的平面设定为第三平面;第一固定部81的L型结构中,靠近短边的端部一侧定义为异形块8的内侧,由短边延伸至长边,靠近长边一侧定义为异形块8的外侧。
第一固定部81外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上由内侧延伸至外侧依次设置有多个螺孔和圆孔,第一固定部81内表面为L型弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在胫骨外侧;具体的,第一固定部81顶部由内侧到外侧顺次设置有第一顶部锁定螺孔810、第二顶部锁定螺孔811、第三顶部锁定螺孔812和第四顶部锁定螺孔813。
第一顶部锁定螺孔810,位于第一固定部81顶部靠近L型的短边的端部,第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹,第一顶部锁定螺孔810用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81的内表面与胫骨外侧上端的骨面相贴合并固定在其表面;
图29为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的仰视图,图30为本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的末端侧视图;结合图29和图30所示,在一个具体的实施例中,当第一锁定螺钉穿设第一顶部锁定螺孔810后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一顶部锁定螺孔810的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一顶部锁定螺孔810后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第一竖直倾角α,该第一竖直倾角α为7°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第一水平倾角α′,该第一水平倾角α′为25.7°。
第二顶部锁定螺孔811,位于第一顶部锁定螺孔810的上方,介于第一顶部锁定螺孔810和第三顶部锁定螺孔812之间,同样的,第二顶部锁定螺孔811内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第二顶部锁定螺孔811的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设第二顶部锁定螺孔811后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与第二顶部锁定螺孔811的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第二顶部锁定螺孔811的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第二顶部锁定螺孔811后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第二竖直倾角β,第二竖直倾角β和第一竖直倾角α相等;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第二水平倾角β′,第二水平倾角β′和第一水平倾角α′相等。
第三顶部锁定螺孔812,介于第二顶部锁定螺孔811和第四顶部锁定螺孔813之间,同样的,第三顶部锁定螺孔812内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第三顶部锁定螺孔812的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设第三顶部锁定螺孔812后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与第三顶部锁定螺孔812的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第三顶部锁定螺孔812的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第三顶部锁定螺孔812后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第三竖直倾角γ,第三竖直倾角γ和第一竖直倾角α相等;第三锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第三水平倾角γ′,第三水平倾角γ′和第一水平倾角α′相等。
第四顶部锁定螺孔813,位于第三顶部锁定螺孔812的上方,同样的,第四顶部锁定螺孔813内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第四顶部锁定螺孔813的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧上端的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第四锁定螺钉穿设第四顶部锁定螺孔813后,第四锁定螺钉 的第四上螺接部与第四顶部锁定螺孔813的下缘部进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第四顶部锁定螺孔813的上缘部内,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第四顶部锁定螺孔813后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第四锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第四竖直倾角δ,第四竖直倾角δ和第一竖直倾角α相等;第四锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第四水平倾角δ′,第四水平倾角δ′和第一水平倾角α′相等。
结合图29所示,第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ和第四竖直倾角δ相同;结合图30所示,第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′和第四水平倾角δ′相同。
第一斜插锁定螺孔814,位于第一固定部81的L型的长边的中部,同样的,第一斜插锁定螺孔814内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第一斜插锁定螺孔814的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第五锁定螺钉穿设第一斜插锁定螺孔814后,第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与第一斜插锁定螺孔814的下缘部进行螺合,随着第五上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第五锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第一斜插锁定螺孔814的上缘部内,第五锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第一斜插锁定螺孔814后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第五锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第五竖直倾角ε,第五竖直倾角ε和第一竖直倾角α相等;第五锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第五水平倾角ε′,该第五水平倾角ε′为107.3°,第五水平倾角ε′分别与第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′和第四水平倾角δ′相交叉。
第二斜插锁定螺孔815,沿L型的长边方向与第一斜插锁定螺孔814间隔一定距离设置,位于第一斜插锁定螺孔814的下部,同样的,第二斜插锁定螺孔815内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,第二斜插锁定螺孔815的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧的骨表面;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第六锁定螺钉穿设第二斜插锁定螺孔815后,第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与第二斜插锁定螺孔815的下缘部进行螺合,随着第六上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第六锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在第二斜插锁定螺孔815的上缘部内,第六锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过第二斜插锁定螺孔815后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第六锁定螺钉与第三平面构成的倾角为第六竖直倾角ζ,该第六竖直倾角ζ为13°;第六锁定螺钉与第二平面构成的倾角为第六水平倾角ζ′,该第六水平倾角ζ′为94.3°,第六水平倾角ζ′分别与第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′和第四水平倾角δ′相交叉。
如图29所示,第六竖直倾角ζ大于第一竖直倾角α、第二竖直倾角β、第三竖直倾角γ和第四竖直倾角δ和第五竖直倾角ε;如图30所示,第五水平倾角ε′大于第一水平倾角α′、第二水平倾角β′、第三水平倾角γ′、第四水平倾角δ′和第六水平倾角ζ′。
下部锁定螺孔816,位于第一固定部81的L型的长边的下部,同样的,下部锁定螺孔816内部和第一顶部锁定螺孔810内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,下部锁定螺孔816的作用与第一顶部锁定螺孔810的作用相同,都是通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部81贴合并固定在胫骨外侧的骨表面。
下部锁定螺孔816与锁定螺钉结合使用的方式与第一顶部锁定螺孔810与第一锁定螺钉结合使用的方式相同,在此不再复述。
定位孔817,由圆孔组成,位于第一固定部81顶部L型的短边一侧,具体包括第一定位孔8170、第二定位孔8171、第三定位孔8172和第四定位孔8173;其中第一定位孔8170、第二定位孔8171和第三定位孔8172分别位于第一顶部锁定螺孔810、第二顶部锁定螺孔811、第三顶部锁定螺孔812和第四顶部锁定螺孔813的顶端,第四定位孔8173位于第四顶部锁定螺孔813和第一斜插锁定螺孔814之间,定位孔817的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔817用于术中对所述异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆。图32为图28中B-B部分的剖面图,如图所示,第一固定部81内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐发生变化,具体的顶部第三定位孔8172和第四定位孔8173之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1的取值范围为35~40mm。
图31为图28中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图28和图31所示,第二固定部82的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个固定螺孔820设置于该弧形曲面内,沿第二固定部82的长轴方向间隔一定距离设置,固定螺孔820内部具体由上缘8201和下缘8202构成,上缘8201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘8202表面设置紧固螺纹,固定螺孔820的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部82的内表面与胫骨骨干相贴合一侧同样设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部82的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得异形块8更加贴合胫骨表面;第二固定部82的侧面分别设置有前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822,前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822沿第二固定部82的长轴方向平行设置,并分别设置于固定螺孔820的两侧,前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822用于通过锁定螺钉将连接杆2与异形块8牢固的连接在一起。
前侧连接螺孔821,位于第二固定部82侧面的前侧位,前侧连接螺孔821的孔径为第一孔径D1;
后侧连接螺孔822,位于第二固定部82侧面的后侧位,后侧连接螺孔822的孔径为第二孔径D2;
其中第一孔径D1和第二孔径D2相等或不等,前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822的不同孔径是为了更加符合亚洲人的骨骼形状和特点而专门设计的。
第二固定部82通过锁定螺钉将连接杆2牢固的固定在第二固定部82内部;前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822与固定螺孔820的相交处具有交叉孔823,交叉孔823主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部82内。
在一个具体的实施例中,第一连接杆20插接入前侧连接螺孔821内,第二连接杆21插接入后侧连接螺孔822内,当两根第七锁定螺钉分别穿设两个固定螺孔820后,第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与固定螺孔820的下缘8202进行螺合,随着第七上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第七锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔820的上缘8201内,分别挤压前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822的同时通过交叉孔823将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部82固结,第七锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔820后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明第五实施例提供的异形块的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图28、图29和图31,对异形块的使用方式进行详述;
医生在胫骨骨折手术中使用该异形块对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉1和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的胫骨骨折手术过程中,医生将异形块8的第一固定部81与胫骨外侧上端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉1分别穿设于第一顶部锁定螺孔810、第二顶部锁定螺孔811、第三顶部锁定螺孔812和第四顶部锁定螺孔813内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,最终异形块8的第一固定部81固定于胫骨外侧上端的骨面上,分别将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21依次插入前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于两个固定螺孔820内,当锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔820后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与固定螺孔820的下缘8202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔820的上缘8201内,分别挤压前侧连接螺孔821和后侧连接螺孔822的同时通过交叉孔823将第一连接杆20和第二连接杆21与第二固定部82固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔820后植入骨骼内,至此异形块8实现与和胫骨远端的完全固定。
本发明第五实施例提供的一种异形块,其一体成型设计且具有一定曲度,保证贴附性,不同方位固定螺孔实现交叉锁定的空间结构,提升连接的牢固度,包裹范围更广,减轻患者的不适感。
本发明第六实施例提供了一种异形块,该异形块应用于股骨骨折手术中骨折部位的固定,具体用于股骨近端。
图33为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的俯视图,图38为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的侧视剖面图;如图所示,本发明第六实施例的异形块为板状结构,异形块具体包括:第一固定部91和第二固定部92。
第一固定部91和第二固定部92相连接并且为一体成型。
优选的,本第六实施例中第二固定部92所在平面设定为第一平面,与第一平面的法向的水平方向平行的平面设定为第二平面。
第一固定部91外表面为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,弧形曲面上由顶部至底部依次设置有多个螺孔和圆孔,第一固定部91内表面为弧形表面,与股骨上端的曲面相适配,第一固定部91通过锁定螺钉固定于股骨的顶端;具体的,第一固定部91顶部由前端至末端依次设置有顶部锁定螺孔910、中部锁定螺孔911、底部锁定螺孔912和定位孔913。
顶部锁定螺孔910,具体由两个相邻的螺孔组成,位于第一固定部91上部,顶部锁定螺孔910内部具体由上缘部和下缘部构成,上缘部表面为光滑的曲面,下缘部表面设置紧固螺纹,顶部锁定螺孔910用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部91的内表面与股骨顶端的骨面相贴合并固定在其表面;
图39为本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的侧视图,结合图38和图39所示,在一个具体的实施例中,当两个第一锁定螺钉穿设顶部锁定螺孔910后,第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与顶部锁定螺孔910的下缘部进行螺合,随着第一上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第一锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在顶部锁定螺孔910的上缘部内,第一锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过顶部锁定螺孔910后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第一锁定螺钉与第二固定部92所在的第一平面构成倾角,该倾角为第一水平倾角α,第一水平倾角α范围为118~123°;第一锁定螺钉与第二平面构成倾角,该倾角为第一垂直倾角α′,第 一垂直倾角α′范围为8~12°。
中部锁定螺孔911,具体由一个螺孔组成,位于第一固定部91上部的中部,同样的,中部锁定螺孔911内部和顶部锁定螺孔910内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,中部锁定螺孔911用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部91的内表面与股骨的股骨颈相贴合并固定;
图34为图33中A-A部分的剖面图,结合图34和图39所示,在一个具体的实施例中,当第二锁定螺钉穿设中部锁定螺孔911后,第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与中部锁定螺孔911的下缘部进行螺合,随着第二上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第二锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在中部锁定螺孔911的上缘部内,第二锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过中部锁定螺孔911后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第二锁定螺钉与第二固定部92所在的第一平面构成倾角,该倾角为第二水平倾角β;第二水平倾角β为125°,第二水平倾角β大于第一水平倾角α;第二锁定螺钉与第二平面构成倾角,该倾角为第二垂直倾角β′,第二垂直倾角β′与第一垂直倾角α′范围相同。
底部锁定螺孔912,具体由两个相邻的螺孔组成,位于两个顶部锁定螺孔910下方,同样的,底部锁定螺孔912内部和顶部锁定螺孔910内部一样具有上缘部和下缘部,底部锁定螺孔912用于通过锁定螺钉将第一固定部91的内表面与股骨的骨干部位相贴合并固定;
在一个具体的实施例中,当第三锁定螺钉穿设底部锁定螺孔912后,第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与底部锁定螺孔912的下缘部进行螺合,随着第三上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第三锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在底部锁定螺孔912的上缘部内,第三锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过底部锁定螺孔912后植入骨骼内,植入过程中,第三锁定螺钉与第二固定部92所在的第一平面构成倾角,该倾角为第三水平倾角γ,第三水平倾角γ范围为123~128°,第三水平倾角γ大于第一水平倾角α,且第三水平倾角γ大于第二水平倾角β;第三锁定螺钉与第二平面构成倾角,该倾角为第三垂直倾角γ′,第三垂直倾角γ′与第一垂直倾角α′范围相同。
定位孔913,由圆孔组成,具体设置于顶部锁定螺孔910和中部锁定螺孔911之间、与中部锁定螺孔911相对的另一侧、与底部锁定螺孔912相对的另一侧,定位孔913的孔径小于锁定螺孔的孔径,定位孔913用于术中对异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆。
图36为图33中C-C部分的剖面图,图37为图33中D-D部分的剖面图;结合图36和图37所示,第一固定部91内表面由顶部延伸至中部的弧形表面的曲率半径逐渐变大,具体的顶部锁定螺孔910和中部锁定螺孔911之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1的取值范围为35~40mm;顶部锁定螺孔910部位的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2的取值范围为22~27mm。
图35为图33中B-B部分的剖面图,结合图33和图35所示,第二固定部92的外表面设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,两个固定螺孔920设置于该弧形曲面内,沿第二固定部92的长轴方向间隔一定距离设置,固定螺孔920内部具体由上缘9201和下缘9202构成,上缘9201表面为光滑的曲面与锁定螺钉的上螺接部相匹配,下缘9202表面设置紧固螺纹,固定螺孔920的孔径与锁定螺孔的孔径相同;第二固定部92的内表面与股骨骨干相贴合一侧同样设置为具有一定弧度的弧形曲面,根据不同的患者以及不同的骨折部位,该第二固定部92的内表面弧形曲面的弧度可以适配,使得异形块更加贴合股骨表面; 第二固定部92的侧面分别设置有第一连接杆连接螺孔921和第二连接杆连接螺孔922,第一连接杆连接螺孔921和第二连接杆连接螺孔922对称设置于固定螺孔920的两侧,第二固定部92通过锁定螺钉1将连接杆2牢固的固定在第一连接杆连接螺孔921和第二连接杆连接螺孔922内部;第一连接杆连接螺孔921和第二连接杆连接螺孔922与固定螺孔920的相交处具有交叉孔922,交叉孔922主要用于通过锁定螺钉挤压连接杆2,从而实现连接杆2固定于第二固定部92内;
第一连接杆连接螺孔921,位于第二固定部92侧面的左侧位,第一连接杆连接螺孔921的孔径为第一孔径D1;
第二连接杆连接螺孔922,位于第二固定部92侧面的右侧位,第二连接杆连接螺孔922的孔径为第二孔径D2;
其中第一孔径D1和第二孔径D2相等或不等,第一连接杆连接螺孔921和第二连接杆连接螺孔922的不同孔径是为了更加符合亚洲人的骨骼形状和特点而专门设计的。
在一个具体的实施例中,连接杆2插接入连接杆连接螺孔921内,当第四锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔920后,第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与固定螺孔920的下缘9202进行螺合,随着第四上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,第四锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔920的上缘9201内,同时挤压连接杆连接螺孔921,将连接杆2与第二固定部92固结,第四锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔920后植入骨骼内。
以上是对本发明第六实施例提供的异形块的各个部件、它们之间的连接关系进行了介绍,下面结合图33、图35和图38,对异形块的使用方式进行详述:
医生在股骨骨折手术中使用该异形块对骨折部位实施固定时,需要锁定螺钉1和连接杆2配合使用。下面详细介绍结合使用的过程。
在一个具体的股骨骨折手术过程中,医生将异形块的第一固定部91与股骨顶端的骨面对齐并贴合,将锁紧螺钉分别穿设于两个相邻的顶部锁定螺孔910、中部锁定螺孔911和两个相邻的底部锁定螺孔912内,当锁定螺钉穿设锁定螺孔后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与锁定螺孔的下缘部进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在锁定螺孔的上缘部内,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过锁定螺孔后植入骨骼内,最终异形块的第一固定部91固定于股骨顶端的骨面上,再将两根连接杆2分别插入连接杆连接螺孔321内,同时将锁定螺钉分别穿设于固定螺孔920内,当锁定螺钉穿设固定螺孔920后,锁定螺钉的上螺接部与固定螺孔920的下缘9202进行螺合,随着上螺接部与紧固螺纹螺合并咬紧,锁定螺钉的螺钉帽部分停留在固定螺孔920的上缘9201内,挤压连接杆连接螺孔921的同时通过交叉孔922将连接杆2与第二固定部92固结,锁定螺钉的螺杆部和钉头部分别穿过固定螺孔920后植入骨骼内,至此异形块实现与和股骨近端的完全固定。
本发明第六实施例提供的一种异形块,其一体成型设计,弧形表面贴附性能更好,同方位固定螺孔实现交叉锁定的空间结构,受力更为均匀,从而避免对股骨的集中性压迫,保证血液循环,提升患者的舒适感。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,用于与肱骨上端的曲面相适配;所述第一固定部包括:
    两个顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部上部,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;
    第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述顶部锁定螺孔下方,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;
    第二斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第二斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第二斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三竖直倾角与第二竖直倾角相交叉;
    两个中部锁定螺孔,位于所述第二斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述中部锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;
    第三斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述中部锁定螺孔下方,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第三斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第三斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;
    两个下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第三斜插锁定螺孔下方,当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述下部锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述下部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;所述第六竖直倾角与第五竖直倾角相交叉;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    连接杆连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面;连接杆插接入所述连接杆连接圆孔内,当第七锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述连接杆连接圆孔,将所述连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述第一竖直倾角范围为12~18°,所述第三竖直倾角范围为25~31°,所述第四竖直倾角范围为13~18°,所述第六竖直倾角范围为7~13°;
    插接入所述第一斜插锁定螺孔的所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;插接入所述第二斜插锁定螺孔的所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;插接入所述中部锁 定螺孔的所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;插接入所述下部锁定螺孔的所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;所述第四水平倾角与所述第三水平倾角相等;
    所述第二水平倾角范围为9~15°,所述第三水平倾角范围为4~11°,所述第四水平倾角和所述第六水平倾角范围为7~13°;
    所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和第一斜插锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为33~38mm;所述第一固定部位于所述第二斜插锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为21~25mm;所述第一固定部位于所述第三斜插锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R3,所述R3的取值范围为15~20mm。
  3. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块为板状结构,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨内侧上端的曲面相适配,用于与所述胫骨内侧相固定;所述第一固定部包括:
    前侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部前侧位,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
    中位顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部中位,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中位顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中位顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
    后侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部后侧位,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;所述第三竖直倾角与所述第二竖直倾角相等;
    下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    前侧连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接圆孔的孔径为第一孔径;
    后侧连接圆孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接圆孔的孔径为第二孔径;
    第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接圆孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接圆孔内,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接圆孔和后侧连接圆孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述第一竖直倾角范围为3~6°,所述第二竖直倾角范围为2~5°,所述第三竖直倾角范围为2~5°;
    所述第一水平倾角范围为6~9°,所述第二水平倾角范围为6~9°,所述第三水平倾角范围为8~11°;
    所述第一固定部的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为28~33mm;所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为75~80mm。
  5. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;所述第一固定部包括:
    前侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部前侧位,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述前侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
    中位顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部中位,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中位顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中位顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
    后侧顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的顶部后侧位,当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述后侧顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
    第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的中部,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;所述第四竖直倾角分别与所述第一竖直倾角、第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角相交叉;
    下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述下部锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述下部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    锁定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    前侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔的孔径为第一孔径;
    后侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔的孔径 为第二孔径;
    第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔内,当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述锁定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔和后侧连接螺孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角相等;所述第一水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相等;
    所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角和第三竖直倾角范围为6~10°,所述第四竖直倾角范围为30~35°,所述第五竖直倾角范围为12~17°;
    所述第一水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角范围为10~15°,所述第二水平倾角范围为10~14°,所述第三水平倾角范围为5~10°,所述第五水平倾角范围为18~23°;
    所述第一固定部的顶部的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为25~30mm;所述第一固定部位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔和下部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为60~65mm。
  7. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;
    所述第一固定部顶部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一顶部锁定螺孔、第二顶部锁定螺孔、第三顶部锁定螺孔和第四顶部锁定螺孔;
    当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述第一顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述第一顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
    当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第二顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第二顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
    当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第三顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第三顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
    当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第四顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第四顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;
    所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角依次减小;
    所述第一固定部中部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一中部锁定螺孔、第二中部锁定螺孔和第三中部锁定螺孔;
    当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第一中部锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第一中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角;
    当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述第二中部锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述第二中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第六水平倾角;
    当第七锁定螺钉穿设所述第三中部锁定螺孔后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与所述第三中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第七锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第七竖直倾角;所述第七锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第七水平倾角;
    所述第五水平倾角、所述第六水平倾角和所述第七水平倾角依次减小;
    第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部,当第八锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第八锁定螺钉的第八上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第八锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第八水平倾角;所述第八锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第八竖直倾角;所述第八竖直倾角分别与所述第五竖直倾角、第六竖直倾角和第七竖直倾角相交叉;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    前侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔的孔径为第一孔径;
    后侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔的孔径为第二孔径;
    第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔内,当第九锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第九锁定螺钉的第九上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔和后侧连接螺孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述第八竖直倾角大于所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角、所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角;
    所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、第三竖直倾角和第四竖直倾角范围为6~10°,所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角范围为4~8°,第八竖直倾角范围为11~15°;
    所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角和所述第四竖直倾角相同;所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角相同;
    所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角、所述第五竖直倾角、所述第六竖直倾角和所述第七竖直倾角依次减小;
    所述第八水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角、所述第四水平倾角、所述第五水平倾角、所述第六水平倾角和所述第七水平倾角;
    所述第一水平倾角范围为14~18°,所述第二水平倾角范围为10~14°,所述第三水平倾角范围为6~10°,所述第四水平倾角范围为3~7°,所述第五水平倾角范围为12~16°,所述第六水平倾角范围为8~12°,所述第七水平倾角范围为4~8°,所述第八水平倾角范围为20~24°;
    所述第一固定部位于顶部锁定螺孔和中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为30~35mm;所述第一固定部位于中部锁定螺孔和所述第一斜插锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为58~63mm。
  9. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块为板状结构,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为L型弧形表面,与胫骨外侧上端的曲面相适配,用于固定在所述胫骨外侧;
    所述第一固定部顶部由内侧到外侧顺次具有第一顶部锁定螺孔、第二顶部锁定螺孔、第三顶部锁定螺孔和第四顶部锁定螺孔;
    当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述第一顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述第一顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第一竖直倾角;所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第一水平倾角;
    当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述第二顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述第二顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第二竖直倾角;所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第二水平倾角;
    当第三锁定螺钉穿设所述第三顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述第三顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第三竖直倾角;所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第三水平倾角;
    当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述第四顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述第四顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第四竖直倾角;所述第四锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第四水平倾角;
    第一斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的中部,当第五锁定螺钉穿设所述第一斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第五锁定螺钉的第五上螺接部与所述第一斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第五竖直倾角;第五锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第五水平倾角,所述第五水平倾角分别与所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相交叉;
    第二斜插锁定螺孔,位于所述第一斜插锁定螺孔的下部,当第六锁定螺钉穿设所述第二斜插锁定螺孔后,所述第六锁定螺钉的第六上螺接部与所述第二斜插锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的竖直方向倾角为第六竖直倾角;所述第六锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的水平方向倾角为第六水平倾角,所述第六水平倾角分别与所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平 倾角和所述第四水平倾角相交叉;
    下部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部的下部;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    前侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的前侧位,所述前侧连接螺孔的孔径为第一孔径;
    后侧连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面的后侧位,所述后侧连接螺孔的孔径为第二孔径;
    第一连接杆插接入所述前侧连接螺孔内,第二连接杆插接入所述后侧连接螺孔内,当第九锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第七锁定螺钉的第七上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述前侧连接螺孔和后侧连接螺孔,将所述第一连接杆和第二连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块还包括定位孔;
    所述定位孔包括第一定位孔、第二定位孔、第三定位孔和第四定位孔;其中所述第一定位孔、第二定位孔和第三定位孔分别位于顶部锁定螺孔的顶端,第四定位孔位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和所述第一斜插锁定螺孔之间,所述定位孔用于术中对所述异形块的临时固定或用于穿引缝合线或线缆;
    所述第六竖直倾角大于所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角和所述第五竖直倾角;
    所述第一竖直倾角、所述第二竖直倾角、所述第三竖直倾角、所述第四竖直倾角和第五竖直倾角为7°、所述第六竖直倾角为13°;
    所述第五水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角、所述第四水平倾角和所述第六水平倾角;所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角相同;
    所述第一水平倾角、所述第二水平倾角、所述第三水平倾角和所述第四水平倾角为25.7°,所述第五水平倾角为107.3°,所述第六水平倾角为94.3°;
    所述第一固定部位于所述第三定位孔和所述第四定位孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为28~32mm。
  11. 一种异形块,其特征在于,所述异形块为板状结构,所述异形块具体包括:第一固定部和第二固定部,所述第一固定部和第二固定部相连接:
    所述第一固定部内表面为弧形表面,与股骨上端的曲面相适配,与顶端相固定;所述第一固定部包括;
    两个相邻的顶部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部上部,当第一锁定螺钉穿设所述顶部锁定螺孔后,所述第一锁定螺钉的第一上螺接部与所述顶部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第一锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的倾角为第一水平倾角;
    中部锁定螺孔,位于所述第一固定部上部的中部,当第二锁定螺钉穿设所述中部锁定螺孔后,所述第二锁定螺钉的第二上螺接部与所述中部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第二锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的倾角为第二水平倾角;所述第二水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角;
    两个相邻的底部锁定螺孔,位于两个所述顶部锁定螺孔下,当第三锁定螺钉穿 设所述底部锁定螺孔后,所述第三锁定螺钉的第三上螺接部与所述底部锁定螺孔进行螺接,所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面方向倾角为第三水平倾角;所述第三水平倾角大于所述第一水平倾角;
    所述第二固定部包括:
    固定螺孔,位于所述第二固定部表面;
    连接杆连接螺孔,位于所述第二固定部侧面;连接杆插接入所述连接杆连接螺孔内,当第四锁定螺钉穿设所述固定螺孔后,所述第四锁定螺钉的第四上螺接部与所述固定螺孔进行螺接,从而挤压所述连接杆连接螺孔,将所述连接杆与所述第二固定部固结。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的异形块,其特征在于,所述第一锁定螺钉、所述第二锁定螺钉和所述第三锁定螺钉与所述第二固定部所在平面的法向的倾角相同,所述倾角范围为8~12°;
    所述第一水平倾角范围为118~123°,第二水平倾角为125°,第三水平倾角范围为123~128°;
    所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔和所述中部锁定螺孔之间的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R1,所述R1的取值范围为35~40mm;所述第一固定部位于所述顶部锁定螺孔部位的水平切面底边的曲率半径为R2,所述R2的取值范围为22~27mm。
PCT/CN2020/137879 2019-12-26 2020-12-21 一种异形块 WO2021129547A1 (zh)

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CN201911370378.XA CN110897702A (zh) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 一种胫骨近端外侧异形块
CN201911370255.6A CN110897700A (zh) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 一种股骨近端异形块
CN201911370293.1A CN111166454A (zh) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 一种胫骨近端内侧异形块
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CN201911367918.9A CN111202574A (zh) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 一种胫骨近端外侧异形块
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CN201911370227.4A CN110974386A (zh) 2019-12-26 2019-12-26 一种肱骨近端异形块
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