WO2021129040A1 - Concrete loading device capable of simulating stress state at any point of tunnel - Google Patents

Concrete loading device capable of simulating stress state at any point of tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021129040A1
WO2021129040A1 PCT/CN2020/119925 CN2020119925W WO2021129040A1 WO 2021129040 A1 WO2021129040 A1 WO 2021129040A1 CN 2020119925 W CN2020119925 W CN 2020119925W WO 2021129040 A1 WO2021129040 A1 WO 2021129040A1
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Prior art keywords
concrete
plate
steel
steel plate
load
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PCT/CN2020/119925
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张素磊
隋佳蒿
齐晓强
郭思瑶
万晓梅
王正仲
张坤鹏
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青岛理工大学
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Publication of WO2021129040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021129040A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0094—Moulds for concrete test samples
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G01N2203/024—Corrosive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of concrete loading test equipment, and in particular relates to a concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel, and truly simulates the stress state at any point of the subway tunnel lining by adjusting different tension pressures.
  • the urbanization process will inevitably be accompanied by a rapid increase in the urban population, so that the urban population is oversaturated, and the resulting traffic problems are becoming more and more serious, and the urban road congestion is serious.
  • the construction of subways is an effective means to alleviate this problem.
  • Urban subway tunnels are expensive.
  • the performance of the subway tunnel lining structure is directly related to the service life of the subway tunnel. Compared with the ground structure, the underground structure is more complex. Therefore, a loading device that simulates the stress state of the subway tunnel lining at any point is designed. It is particularly important to study the structural performance of subway tunnel lining by indoor experiments.
  • the concrete durability loading device mainly performs pure bending, axial tension and axial compression on concrete specimens, which cannot truly reflect that the actual force of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure is a combination of different tension and pressure.
  • Chinese Patent 201610038324.3 discloses an accelerated corrosion test device for tunnel lining structure under load. The front and rear sides of the lower part of the tunnel lining are equipped with high-strength transmission threaded rods.
  • the high-strength transmission threaded rods pass through the left loading beam and the right in turn Loading beams and self-reaction beams, high-strength force transmission threaded tie rods are connected with anchor bolts at both ends, left and right loading beams are respectively in contact with the left and right ends of the lower part of the tunnel lining through force transmission liners; self-reaction beams It is located on the right side of the right loading beam, and the left side of the self-reaction beam is fixed with a horizontal hydraulic jack.
  • the left end of the hydraulic jack is connected to the right side of the right loading beam through a pressure sensor; the concrete and steel reinforcement surfaces of the tunnel lining components are installed There are strain gauges and displacement gauges; the hydraulic jacks, pressure sensors, strain gauges and displacement gauges are all connected to the data processing and control system; the top of the tunnel lining member is provided with a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is waterproof The material is enclosed and formed on the top of the tunnel lining component; a stainless steel mesh is placed in the water storage tank; the stainless steel mesh is electrically connected to the cathode of the steady current DC power supply through a conductive wire; the steel bar of the tunnel lining component is connected to the steady current through a conductive wire
  • the anode electrical connection of the DC power supply and a concrete durability test device under the coupling action of load-chloride erosion disclosed in Chinese Patent 201910391974.X includes a test device and an oil supply device; the test device consists of a water tank and an upper part located in the water tank.
  • the upper plate, middle plate and lower plate are all arranged horizontally.
  • the upper plate, middle plate and lower plate are connected by two or more screws, and the two ends of the screw are restricted. Nuts for moving the upper and lower plates, the screw penetrates the middle plate and the middle plate can move along the length of the screw; the concrete specimen to be tested is placed between the lower plate and the middle plate, and between the upper plate and the middle plate is placed A jack that presses the concrete test piece through the middle plate; a salt solution that simulates a seawater environment is stored in the water tank; the oil supply device is composed of an oil pump, a motor, a shunt, an electric contact pressure gauge and a pressure control circuit, and the motor is used for To increase the pressure of the oil pump, the diverter is set on the oil pump, and the oil pump provides hydraulic oil to the jack through the diverter; the electric contact pressure gauge is set on the diverter to detect the pressure of the hydraulic oil output by the diverter; the pressure control circuit detect
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, develop and design a concrete loading test device that simulates the stress state of the subway tunnel lining structure at any point, and study the tunnel lining structure degradation performance under the actual stress state of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure underground structure And mechanical properties.
  • the concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel is composed of independent preparation units and loading units.
  • the preparation unit makes concrete test blocks, and the loading unit loads the concrete test blocks;
  • the main structure of the preparation unit Including the bottom plate of the preparation unit, the vertical plate, the connecting rod, the fixed steel plate, the mold steel plate, the mold strip hole, the threaded steel bar and the anchor plate;
  • the upper surface of the preparation unit bottom plate is provided with two horizontal clamping slots and four longitudinal clamping slots, and the horizontal clamping
  • a vertical plate is arranged in the groove, and the vertical plate is fixedly connected by a connecting rod.
  • the fixed steel plates are arranged on the outside of the mold steel plates.
  • the two mold steel plates are opposite, and the mold steel plates are opened.
  • There is a mold strip hole one end of the threaded steel bar is bolted to the fixed steel plate, and the other end of the threaded steel bar passes through the mold strip hole to extend between the two mold steel plates and connects with the anchor plate;
  • the main structure of the loading unit includes the preparation unit Bottom plate, reaction force steel plate, high load-bearing steel plate, low load-bearing steel plate, high hydraulic cylinder, low hydraulic cylinder, long strip hole and short strip hole; the bottom plate of the preparation unit is provided with opposite reaction forces from both ends to the middle.
  • Steel plates, high-load steel plates and low-load steel plates, high-position hydraulic cylinders and low-position hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the reaction steel plates, long strip holes are opened on the high-load steel sheets, and short strip holes are opened on the low-load steel sheets.
  • the connecting rod, the fixed steel plate and the die steel plate of the present invention can be disassembled; the number of threaded steel bars is 4, the anchoring plate is embedded in the concrete test block, and the threaded steel bar and the anchoring plate are welded as a whole; the high hydraulic cylinder and the low hydraulic cylinder are both It is HSG80 two-way hydraulic cylinder.
  • the invention relates to a concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel, which is used for the durability research of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure and the environment;
  • the process of ion erosion coupling durability test includes five steps: preparing test block, installing test block, applying stress, ion corrosion and analyzing results:
  • Test block prepare the concrete according to the water-cement ratio of the subway lining concrete structure, pour the concrete between the two mold steel plates, and the concrete is ready for initial setting. The vertical plates, connecting rods, fixed steel plates and mold steel plates are removed, and the standard maintenance is 28 Day, get the concrete test block of anchoring inherent threaded steel bar and anchoring plate;
  • test block Use waterproof coating to coat the concrete test block on the rest of the top surface. Place the concrete test block vertically on the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the upper threaded steel bar passes through the elongated hole, and the lower threaded steel bar Pass through the long strip hole and the short strip hole, respectively use clamps and nut components to connect the upper threaded steel bar to the high hydraulic cylinder, and the lower threaded steel bar connects to the low hydraulic cylinder.
  • a reservoir is set on the top surface of the concrete test block. , Use waterproof coating to coat the top surface except the reservoir, and paste strain gauges on the side of the concrete test block;
  • Ion erosion Remove the concrete test block after the stress in step 3, together with the reaction steel plate, high-load steel plate, low-load steel plate, high hydraulic cylinder and low hydraulic cylinder from the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the bottom plate of the preparation unit is in contact with each other.
  • Other reaction steel plates, high-load steel plates, low-load steel plates, high-position hydraulic cylinders and low-position hydraulic cylinders are used to load other concrete test blocks, and corrosive ions in the water in the actual service environment of the subway lining are added to the reservoir The salt solution with the same content will corrode the concrete test block;
  • the present invention simulates the actual force of the subway tunnel lining structure by adjusting the tension-pressure, and accurately reflects the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure.
  • the subway tunnel lining deterioration law can be summarized and the subway tunnel can be established.
  • the deterioration model of the tunnel lining structure guides the design, construction and maintenance of the subway tunnel project; its structure is simple, easy to operate, and has practical significance and promotion prospects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the preparation unit involved in the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the main structure of the loading unit involved in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of the main structure of the loading unit involved in the present invention.
  • the concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment is composed of a preparation unit and a loading unit that are independent from each other.
  • the preparation unit makes a concrete test block 1 and the loading unit loads the concrete test block 1.
  • the main structure of the preparation unit involved in this embodiment includes the preparation unit bottom plate 10, the vertical plate 11, the connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13, the mold steel plate 14, the mold strip hole 15, the threaded steel bar 16 and the anchor plate 17; the preparation unit bottom plate 10
  • the upper surface is provided with two transverse card slots and four longitudinal card slots, the transverse card slots are provided with a vertical plate 11, the vertical plate 11 is fixedly connected by a connecting rod 12, and the longitudinal card slots are provided with two fixed steel plates 13 and two A mold steel plate 14 and a fixed steel plate 13 are arranged on the outside of the mold steel plate 14.
  • the two mold steel plates 14 are opposed to each other.
  • the mold steel plate 14 is provided with a mold strip hole 15.
  • One end of the threaded steel bar 16 is bolted to the fixed steel plate 13, and the threaded steel bar The other end of 16 passes through the mold strip hole 15 and extends between the two mold steel plates 14 and is connected with the anchor plate 17.
  • the main structure of the loading unit involved in this embodiment includes the preparation unit bottom plate 20, the reaction steel plate 21, the high-load steel plate 22, the low-load steel plate 23, the high hydraulic cylinder 24, the low hydraulic cylinder 25, the elongated hole 26 and the short Strip hole 27; from both ends to the middle of the preparation unit bottom plate 20 are provided with opposite reaction force steel plates 21, high load-bearing steel plates 22, and low load-bearing steel plates 23.
  • the reaction steel plate 21 is provided with a high hydraulic cylinder 24 and a low position In the hydraulic oil cylinder 25, a long strip hole 26 is opened on the high load carrying steel plate 22, and a short strip hole 27 is opened on the low carrying load steel plate 23.
  • the connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13 and the mold steel plate 14 involved in this embodiment can all be disassembled; the number of the threaded steel bars 16 is 4, the anchor plate 17 is embedded in the concrete test block 1, and the threaded steel bars 16 and the anchor plate 17 are welded as a whole ;
  • the high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 and the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 are both HSG80 bidirectional hydraulic cylinders.
  • the concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment is used for the durability study of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure and the environment.
  • the process of the concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment performs the durability test of the continuous tension-compression load and ion erosion of the subway lining concrete includes preparing test blocks, installing test blocks, applying stress, ion corrosion and There are five steps to analyze the results:
  • Test block prepare concrete according to the water-cement ratio of the subway lining concrete structure, pour the concrete between the two mould steel plates 14, and the concrete is ready for initial setting. Remove the vertical plate 11, the connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13 and the mould steel plate 14. The standard curing is 28 days, and the concrete test block 1 of anchoring inherent threaded steel bar 16 and anchoring plate 17 is obtained;
  • test block Use waterproof coating to coat the concrete test block 1 except for the rest of the top surface. Place the concrete test block 1 vertically on the bottom plate 20 of the preparation unit, so that the upper threaded steel bar 16 passes through the elongated hole 26 , The lower threaded steel bar 16 passes through the long strip hole 26 and the short strip hole 27, and the upper threaded steel bar 16 is connected to the high hydraulic cylinder 24 by the clamp and nut assembly 2, and the lower threaded steel bar 16 is connected to the low hydraulic cylinder 25 Connect, set a reservoir 3 on the top surface of the concrete block 1, coat the top surface except the reservoir 3 with waterproof paint, and paste a strain gauge on the side of the concrete block 1 (the side without the threaded steel 16) 4;
  • the high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 involved in this embodiment provides pulling force
  • the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 provides pressure
  • the clamp and nut assembly 2 ensure the holding load.
  • the high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 involved in this embodiment provides pressure
  • the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 provides pulling force
  • the clamp and nut assembly 2 ensure the holding load.

Abstract

A concrete loading device capable of simulating the stress state at any point in a tunnel, consisting of a preparation unit and a loading unit that are independent of each other, the preparation unit being configured to make a concrete test block (1), and the loading unit being configured to load the concrete test block (1). The concrete loading device is used for the study of the durability of a subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual stress state and environment of the subway tunnel lining structure. The simulation of the actual stress of the subway tunnel lining structure by adjusting the tension-pressure can accurately reflects the actual stress state of the subway tunnel lining structure. By means of indoor tests, the rules of subway tunnel lining deterioration can be summarized, and a subway tunnel lining structure deterioration model can be created, so as to guide the design, construction, and maintenance of subway tunnel projects. The concrete loading device has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and has practical significance and popularization prospects.

Description

一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置Concrete loading device for simulating stress state at any point of tunnel 技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于混凝土加载试验设备技术领域，具体涉及一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，通过调节不同拉压力来真实模拟地铁隧道衬砌任意一点应力状态。The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete loading test equipment, and in particular relates to a concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel, and truly simulates the stress state at any point of the subway tunnel lining by adjusting different tension pressures.
背景技术：Background technique:
城市化进程必然伴随着城市人口的暴增，以至于城市人口过饱和，由此带来的交通问题日益严重，城市道路拥堵严重，而修建地铁则是缓解此问题的有效手段。城市地铁隧道造价昂贵，地铁隧道衬砌结构的性能直接关系到地铁隧道的使用寿命，而较之地面结构，地下结构受力复杂，因此设计一种模拟地铁隧道衬砌任意一点应力状态的加载装置，通过室内试验来研究地铁隧道衬砌结构性能，显得尤为重要。The urbanization process will inevitably be accompanied by a rapid increase in the urban population, so that the urban population is oversaturated, and the resulting traffic problems are becoming more and more serious, and the urban road congestion is serious. The construction of subways is an effective means to alleviate this problem. Urban subway tunnels are expensive. The performance of the subway tunnel lining structure is directly related to the service life of the subway tunnel. Compared with the ground structure, the underground structure is more complex. Therefore, a loading device that simulates the stress state of the subway tunnel lining at any point is designed. It is particularly important to study the structural performance of subway tunnel lining by indoor experiments.
现有技术中，关于混凝土耐久性加载装置主要是对混凝土试件进行纯弯、轴拉和轴压，不能切实反应地铁隧道衬砌混凝土结构实际受力是不同拉力与压力组合受力。例如：中国专利201610038324.3公开的一种承载状态下隧道衬砌结构加速腐蚀试验装置，隧道衬砌构件下部的前后两侧均设有高强传力螺纹拉杆，高强传力螺纹拉杆依次穿过左加载横梁、右加载横梁和自反力梁，高强传力螺纹拉杆的两端连接有锚固螺栓，左加载横梁、右加载横梁均通过传力衬垫分别与隧道衬砌构件下部的左端和右端接触；自反力梁位于右加载横梁的右侧，且自反力梁的左面固定有水平的液压千斤顶，液压千斤顶的左端通过压力传感器与右加载横梁的右面相连；所述的隧道衬砌构件的混凝土和钢筋表面均安装有应变片和位移计；所述的液压千斤顶、压力传感器、应变片和位移计均与数据处理及控制系统相连；所述的隧道衬砌构件的顶部设有蓄水槽，所述的蓄水槽由防水材料在隧道衬砌构件的顶部围合形成；蓄水槽内放置有不锈钢网；所述的不锈钢网通过导电 线与稳流直流电源的阴极电连接；隧道衬砌构件的钢筋则通过导电线与稳流直流电源的阳极电连接和中国专利201910391974.X公开的一种荷载-氯盐侵蚀耦合作用下的混凝土耐久性试验装置包括测试装置和供油装置；所述测试装置由水槽及位于水槽中的上板、中板、下板和千斤顶组成，上板、中板和下板均水平设置，上板、中板和下板经2个或2个以上的螺杆相连接，螺杆的两端设置有限制上板、下板移动的螺母，螺杆贯穿中板且中板可沿螺杆的长度方向移动；所述下板与中板之间放置有待测试的混凝土试件，上板与中板之间放置有经中板对混凝土试件进行施压的千斤顶；水槽中存储有模拟海水环境的盐溶液；所述供油装置由油泵、电机、分流器、电接点压力表和压力控制电路组成，电机用于提升油泵的压力，分流器设置于油泵上，油泵经分流器对千斤顶提供液压油；电接点压力表设置于分流器上，用于检测分流器输出液压油的压力；压力控制电路通过检测电接点压力表的状态，来对电机的启停状态进行控制，以使千斤顶对混凝土试件施加相对恒定的压力；或通过千斤顶对混凝土试件提供轴向压力的方式，或通过千斤顶加载弯矩导入的方式，对衬砌结构进行加载，对混凝土结构中只受一种荷载作用下的耐久性进行了研究，但是对于地铁隧道衬砌结构来说，其结构受力结构复杂。所以设计研发一种能够模拟衬砌混凝土结构任意一点应力状态的混凝土制备和加载的试验设备，通过室内试验来研究地铁隧道衬砌结构性能，指导实践，具有经济和社会效益。In the prior art, the concrete durability loading device mainly performs pure bending, axial tension and axial compression on concrete specimens, which cannot truly reflect that the actual force of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure is a combination of different tension and pressure. For example: Chinese Patent 201610038324.3 discloses an accelerated corrosion test device for tunnel lining structure under load. The front and rear sides of the lower part of the tunnel lining are equipped with high-strength transmission threaded rods. The high-strength transmission threaded rods pass through the left loading beam and the right in turn Loading beams and self-reaction beams, high-strength force transmission threaded tie rods are connected with anchor bolts at both ends, left and right loading beams are respectively in contact with the left and right ends of the lower part of the tunnel lining through force transmission liners; self-reaction beams It is located on the right side of the right loading beam, and the left side of the self-reaction beam is fixed with a horizontal hydraulic jack. The left end of the hydraulic jack is connected to the right side of the right loading beam through a pressure sensor; the concrete and steel reinforcement surfaces of the tunnel lining components are installed There are strain gauges and displacement gauges; the hydraulic jacks, pressure sensors, strain gauges and displacement gauges are all connected to the data processing and control system; the top of the tunnel lining member is provided with a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is waterproof The material is enclosed and formed on the top of the tunnel lining component; a stainless steel mesh is placed in the water storage tank; the stainless steel mesh is electrically connected to the cathode of the steady current DC power supply through a conductive wire; the steel bar of the tunnel lining component is connected to the steady current through a conductive wire The anode electrical connection of the DC power supply and a concrete durability test device under the coupling action of load-chloride erosion disclosed in Chinese Patent 201910391974.X includes a test device and an oil supply device; the test device consists of a water tank and an upper part located in the water tank. It consists of plate, middle plate, lower plate and jack. The upper plate, middle plate and lower plate are all arranged horizontally. The upper plate, middle plate and lower plate are connected by two or more screws, and the two ends of the screw are restricted. Nuts for moving the upper and lower plates, the screw penetrates the middle plate and the middle plate can move along the length of the screw; the concrete specimen to be tested is placed between the lower plate and the middle plate, and between the upper plate and the middle plate is placed A jack that presses the concrete test piece through the middle plate; a salt solution that simulates a seawater environment is stored in the water tank; the oil supply device is composed of an oil pump, a motor, a shunt, an electric contact pressure gauge and a pressure control circuit, and the motor is used for To increase the pressure of the oil pump, the diverter is set on the oil pump, and the oil pump provides hydraulic oil to the jack through the diverter; the electric contact pressure gauge is set on the diverter to detect the pressure of the hydraulic oil output by the diverter; the pressure control circuit detects the electrical contact The state of the pressure gauge controls the start-stop state of the motor so that the jack exerts a relatively constant pressure on the concrete specimen; or through the jack to provide axial pressure on the concrete specimen, or through the jack to load the bending moment Method, the lining structure is loaded, and the durability of the concrete structure under only one load is studied, but for the subway tunnel lining structure, the structure of the structure is complicated. Therefore, the design and development of a concrete preparation and loading test equipment that can simulate the stress state of the lining concrete structure at any point is used to study the performance of the subway tunnel lining structure through indoor tests, and to guide the practice, which has economic and social benefits.
发明内容：Summary of the invention:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，研发设计一种模拟地铁隧道衬砌结构任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载试验装置，研究地铁隧道衬砌混凝土结构地下结构实际受力状态下隧道衬砌结构劣化性能及力学性能。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, develop and design a concrete loading test device that simulates the stress state of the subway tunnel lining structure at any point, and study the tunnel lining structure degradation performance under the actual stress state of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure underground structure And mechanical properties.
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置由相互独立的制备单元和加载单元配合构成，制备单 元制作混凝土试块，加载单元加载混凝土试块；制备单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板、立板、连杆、固定钢板、模具钢板、模具条形孔、螺纹钢筋和锚固板；制备单元底板的上表面开设有两个横向卡槽和四个纵向卡槽，横向卡槽中设置有立板，立板通过连杆固定连接，纵向卡槽中设置有两块固定钢板和两块模具钢板，固定钢板设置在模具钢板的外侧，两块模具钢板相对，模具钢板上开设有模具条形孔，螺纹钢筋的一端与固定钢板螺栓式连接，螺纹钢筋的另一端穿过模具条形孔伸入两块模具钢板之间并与锚固板连接；加载单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板、反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸、低位液压油缸、长条形孔和短条形孔；制备单元底板上由两端到中间依次设置有相对的反力钢板、高持载钢板和低持载钢板，反力钢板上设置有高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸，高持载钢板上开设有长条形孔，低持载钢板上开设有短条形孔。In order to achieve the above purpose, the concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel is composed of independent preparation units and loading units. The preparation unit makes concrete test blocks, and the loading unit loads the concrete test blocks; the main structure of the preparation unit Including the bottom plate of the preparation unit, the vertical plate, the connecting rod, the fixed steel plate, the mold steel plate, the mold strip hole, the threaded steel bar and the anchor plate; the upper surface of the preparation unit bottom plate is provided with two horizontal clamping slots and four longitudinal clamping slots, and the horizontal clamping A vertical plate is arranged in the groove, and the vertical plate is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. There are two fixed steel plates and two mold steel plates in the longitudinal slot. The fixed steel plates are arranged on the outside of the mold steel plates. The two mold steel plates are opposite, and the mold steel plates are opened. There is a mold strip hole, one end of the threaded steel bar is bolted to the fixed steel plate, and the other end of the threaded steel bar passes through the mold strip hole to extend between the two mold steel plates and connects with the anchor plate; the main structure of the loading unit includes the preparation unit Bottom plate, reaction force steel plate, high load-bearing steel plate, low load-bearing steel plate, high hydraulic cylinder, low hydraulic cylinder, long strip hole and short strip hole; the bottom plate of the preparation unit is provided with opposite reaction forces from both ends to the middle. Steel plates, high-load steel plates and low-load steel plates, high-position hydraulic cylinders and low-position hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the reaction steel plates, long strip holes are opened on the high-load steel sheets, and short strip holes are opened on the low-load steel sheets.
本发明涉及的连杆、固定钢板和模具钢板均可拆卸；螺纹钢筋的数量为4，锚固板预埋在混凝土试块中，螺纹钢筋与锚固板焊接为整体；高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸均为HSG80双向液压缸。The connecting rod, the fixed steel plate and the die steel plate of the present invention can be disassembled; the number of threaded steel bars is 4, the anchoring plate is embedded in the concrete test block, and the threaded steel bar and the anchoring plate are welded as a whole; the high hydraulic cylinder and the low hydraulic cylinder are both It is HSG80 two-way hydraulic cylinder.
本发明涉及的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置用于地铁隧道衬砌结构实际受力状态与环境耦合作用下地铁隧道衬砌混凝土结构耐久性研究；进行地铁衬砌混凝土持续拉-压荷载与离子侵蚀耦合作用耐久性试验的工艺过程包括制备试块、安装试块、施加应力、离子腐蚀和分析结果共五个步骤：The invention relates to a concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel, which is used for the durability research of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure and the environment; The process of ion erosion coupling durability test includes five steps: preparing test block, installing test block, applying stress, ion corrosion and analyzing results:
一.制备试块：按照地铁衬砌混凝土结构的水灰比配制混凝土，在两块模具钢板之间浇筑混凝土，混凝土初凝待，脱去立板、连杆、固定钢板和模具钢板，标准养护28天，得到锚固有螺纹钢筋和锚固板的混凝土试块；1. Prepare the test block: prepare the concrete according to the water-cement ratio of the subway lining concrete structure, pour the concrete between the two mold steel plates, and the concrete is ready for initial setting. The vertical plates, connecting rods, fixed steel plates and mold steel plates are removed, and the standard maintenance is 28 Day, get the concrete test block of anchoring inherent threaded steel bar and anchoring plate;
二.安装试块：使用防水涂料涂覆混凝土试块除了顶面的其余面，将混凝土试块竖直放置在制备单元底板上，使上部的螺纹钢筋穿过长条形孔，下部的螺纹钢筋穿过长条形孔和短条形孔，分别使用夹具和 螺母组件将上部的螺纹钢筋与高位液压油缸连接，下部的螺纹钢筋与低位液压油缸连接，在混凝土试块的顶面设置蓄水池，使用防水涂料涂覆除蓄水池外的顶面，在混凝土试块的侧面上粘贴应变片；2. Install the test block: Use waterproof coating to coat the concrete test block on the rest of the top surface. Place the concrete test block vertically on the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the upper threaded steel bar passes through the elongated hole, and the lower threaded steel bar Pass through the long strip hole and the short strip hole, respectively use clamps and nut components to connect the upper threaded steel bar to the high hydraulic cylinder, and the lower threaded steel bar connects to the low hydraulic cylinder. A reservoir is set on the top surface of the concrete test block. , Use waterproof coating to coat the top surface except the reservoir, and paste strain gauges on the side of the concrete test block;
三.施加应力：根据地铁衬砌实际受力数据，高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸为混凝土试块提供设定的拉-压应力，夹具和螺母组件保持荷载；3. Applying stress: According to the actual force data of the subway lining, the high-position hydraulic cylinder and the low-position hydraulic cylinder provide the set tension-compression stress for the concrete test block, and the clamp and nut components maintain the load;
四.离子侵蚀：将步骤三施加应力后的混凝土试块连同反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸从制备单元底板上卸下来，使制备单元底板与其他的反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸配合对其他的混凝土试块进行加载，在蓄水池中加入与地铁衬砌实际服役环境中水中腐蚀性离子含量相同的盐溶液对混凝土试块进行腐蚀；4. Ion erosion: Remove the concrete test block after the stress in step 3, together with the reaction steel plate, high-load steel plate, low-load steel plate, high hydraulic cylinder and low hydraulic cylinder from the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the bottom plate of the preparation unit is in contact with each other. Other reaction steel plates, high-load steel plates, low-load steel plates, high-position hydraulic cylinders and low-position hydraulic cylinders are used to load other concrete test blocks, and corrosive ions in the water in the actual service environment of the subway lining are added to the reservoir The salt solution with the same content will corrode the concrete test block;
五.分析结果：根据不同龄期的混凝土试块，对腐蚀性离子扩散规律进行分析，得出地铁衬砌的劣化规律。V. Analysis results: According to concrete test blocks of different ages, the law of corrosive ion diffusion is analyzed, and the degradation law of subway lining is obtained.
本发明与现有技术相比，通过调节拉-压力模拟地铁隧道衬砌结构实际受力，准确反映真实的地铁隧道衬砌结构实际受力状态，可以通过室内试验，总结地铁隧道衬砌劣化规律，建立地铁隧道衬砌结构劣化模型，指导地铁隧道工程的设计、施工和养护；其结构简单，操作简便，具有现实意义和推广前景。Compared with the prior art, the present invention simulates the actual force of the subway tunnel lining structure by adjusting the tension-pressure, and accurately reflects the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure. Through indoor tests, the subway tunnel lining deterioration law can be summarized and the subway tunnel can be established. The deterioration model of the tunnel lining structure guides the design, construction and maintenance of the subway tunnel project; its structure is simple, easy to operate, and has practical significance and promotion prospects.
附图说明：Description of the drawings:
图1为本发明涉及的制备单元的主体结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the preparation unit involved in the present invention.
图2为本发明涉及的加载单元的主体结构立体图。Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the main structure of the loading unit involved in the present invention.
图3为本发明涉及的加载单元的主体结构主视图。Fig. 3 is a front view of the main structure of the loading unit involved in the present invention.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described through embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例1：Example 1:
本实施例涉及的模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置由相互独立的制备单元和加载单元配合构成，制备单元制作混凝土试块1，加载单元加载混凝土试块1。The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment is composed of a preparation unit and a loading unit that are independent from each other. The preparation unit makes a concrete test block 1 and the loading unit loads the concrete test block 1.
本实施例涉及的制备单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板10、立板11、连杆12、固定钢板13、模具钢板14、模具条形孔15、螺纹钢筋16和锚固板17；制备单元底板10的上表面开设有两个横向卡槽和四个纵向卡槽，横向卡槽中设置有立板11，立板11通过连杆12固定连接，纵向卡槽中设置有两块固定钢板13和两块模具钢板14，固定钢板13设置在模具钢板14的外侧，两块模具钢板14相对，模具钢板14上开设有模具条形孔15，螺纹钢筋16的一端与固定钢板13螺栓式连接，螺纹钢筋16的另一端穿过模具条形孔15伸入两块模具钢板14之间并与锚固板17连接。The main structure of the preparation unit involved in this embodiment includes the preparation unit bottom plate 10, the vertical plate 11, the connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13, the mold steel plate 14, the mold strip hole 15, the threaded steel bar 16 and the anchor plate 17; the preparation unit bottom plate 10 The upper surface is provided with two transverse card slots and four longitudinal card slots, the transverse card slots are provided with a vertical plate 11, the vertical plate 11 is fixedly connected by a connecting rod 12, and the longitudinal card slots are provided with two fixed steel plates 13 and two A mold steel plate 14 and a fixed steel plate 13 are arranged on the outside of the mold steel plate 14. The two mold steel plates 14 are opposed to each other. The mold steel plate 14 is provided with a mold strip hole 15. One end of the threaded steel bar 16 is bolted to the fixed steel plate 13, and the threaded steel bar The other end of 16 passes through the mold strip hole 15 and extends between the two mold steel plates 14 and is connected with the anchor plate 17.
本实施例涉及的加载单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板20、反力钢板21、高持载钢板22、低持载钢板23、高位液压油缸24、低位液压油缸25、长条形孔26和短条形孔27；制备单元底板20上由两端到中间依次设置有相对的反力钢板21、高持载钢板22和低持载钢板23，反力钢板21上设置有高位液压油缸24和低位液压油缸25，高持载钢板22上开设有长条形孔26，低持载钢板23上开设有短条形孔27。The main structure of the loading unit involved in this embodiment includes the preparation unit bottom plate 20, the reaction steel plate 21, the high-load steel plate 22, the low-load steel plate 23, the high hydraulic cylinder 24, the low hydraulic cylinder 25, the elongated hole 26 and the short Strip hole 27; from both ends to the middle of the preparation unit bottom plate 20 are provided with opposite reaction force steel plates 21, high load-bearing steel plates 22, and low load-bearing steel plates 23. The reaction steel plate 21 is provided with a high hydraulic cylinder 24 and a low position In the hydraulic oil cylinder 25, a long strip hole 26 is opened on the high load carrying steel plate 22, and a short strip hole 27 is opened on the low carrying load steel plate 23.
本实施例涉及的连杆12、固定钢板13和模具钢板14均可拆卸；螺纹钢筋16的数量为4，锚固板17预埋在混凝土试块1中，螺纹钢筋16与锚固板17焊接为整体；高位液压油缸24和低位液压油缸25均为HSG80双向液压缸。The connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13 and the mold steel plate 14 involved in this embodiment can all be disassembled; the number of the threaded steel bars 16 is 4, the anchor plate 17 is embedded in the concrete test block 1, and the threaded steel bars 16 and the anchor plate 17 are welded as a whole ; The high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 and the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 are both HSG80 bidirectional hydraulic cylinders.
本实施例涉及的模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置用于地铁隧道衬砌结构实际受力状态与环境耦合作用下地铁隧道衬砌混凝土结构耐久性研究。The concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment is used for the durability study of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual force state of the subway tunnel lining structure and the environment.
本实施例涉及的模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置进行地铁衬砌混凝土持续拉-压荷载与离子侵蚀耦合作用耐久性试验 的工艺过程包括制备试块、安装试块、施加应力、离子腐蚀和分析结果共五个步骤：The process of the concrete loading device that simulates the stress state at any point of the tunnel involved in this embodiment performs the durability test of the continuous tension-compression load and ion erosion of the subway lining concrete includes preparing test blocks, installing test blocks, applying stress, ion corrosion and There are five steps to analyze the results:
1.制备试块：按照地铁衬砌混凝土结构的水灰比配制混凝土，在两块模具钢板14之间浇筑混凝土，混凝土初凝待，脱去立板11、连杆12、固定钢板13和模具钢板14，标准养护28天，得到锚固有螺纹钢筋16和锚固板17的混凝土试块1；1. Prepare the test block: prepare concrete according to the water-cement ratio of the subway lining concrete structure, pour the concrete between the two mould steel plates 14, and the concrete is ready for initial setting. Remove the vertical plate 11, the connecting rod 12, the fixed steel plate 13 and the mould steel plate 14. The standard curing is 28 days, and the concrete test block 1 of anchoring inherent threaded steel bar 16 and anchoring plate 17 is obtained;
2.安装试块：使用防水涂料涂覆混凝土试块1除了顶面的其余面，将混凝土试块1竖直放置在制备单元底板20上，使上部的螺纹钢筋16穿过长条形孔26，下部的螺纹钢筋16穿过长条形孔26和短条形孔27，分别使用夹具和螺母组件2将上部的螺纹钢筋16与高位液压油缸24连接，下部的螺纹钢筋16与低位液压油缸25连接，在混凝土试块1的顶面设置蓄水池3，使用防水涂料涂覆除蓄水池3外的顶面，在混凝土试块1的侧面(没有螺纹钢筋16的侧面)上粘贴应变片4；2. Install the test block: Use waterproof coating to coat the concrete test block 1 except for the rest of the top surface. Place the concrete test block 1 vertically on the bottom plate 20 of the preparation unit, so that the upper threaded steel bar 16 passes through the elongated hole 26 , The lower threaded steel bar 16 passes through the long strip hole 26 and the short strip hole 27, and the upper threaded steel bar 16 is connected to the high hydraulic cylinder 24 by the clamp and nut assembly 2, and the lower threaded steel bar 16 is connected to the low hydraulic cylinder 25 Connect, set a reservoir 3 on the top surface of the concrete block 1, coat the top surface except the reservoir 3 with waterproof paint, and paste a strain gauge on the side of the concrete block 1 (the side without the threaded steel 16) 4;
3.施加应力：根据地铁衬砌实际受力数据，高位液压油缸24和低位液压油缸25为混凝土试块1提供设定的拉-压应力，夹具和螺母组件2保持荷载；3. Applying stress: According to the actual force data of the subway lining, the high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 and the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 provide the set tensile-compression stress for the concrete test block 1, and the clamp and nut assembly 2 maintain the load;
4.离子侵蚀：将步骤3施加应力后的混凝土试块1连同反力钢板21、高持载钢板22、低持载钢板23、高位液压油缸24和低位液压油缸25从制备单元底板20上卸下来，使制备单元底板20与其他的反力钢板21、高持载钢板22、低持载钢板23、高位液压油缸24和低位液压油缸25配合对其他的混凝土试块1进行加载，在蓄水池3中加入与地铁衬砌实际服役环境中水中腐蚀性离子含量相同的盐溶液对混凝土试块1进行腐蚀；4. Ion erosion: unload the concrete test block 1 with reaction force steel plate 21, high load steel plate 22, low load steel plate 23, high hydraulic cylinder 24 and low hydraulic cylinder 25 from the bottom plate 20 of the preparation unit after the stress is applied in step 3. Next, make the preparation unit bottom plate 20 cooperate with other reaction force steel plates 21, high-load steel plates 22, low-load steel plates 23, high-position hydraulic cylinders 24 and low-position hydraulic cylinders 25 to load the other concrete test blocks 1 and store the water A salt solution with the same content of corrosive ions in the water in the actual service environment of the subway lining is added to the pool 3 to corrode the concrete test block 1;
5.分析结果：根据不同龄期的混凝土试块1，对腐蚀性离子扩散规律进行分析，得出地铁衬砌的劣化规律。5. Analytical results: According to concrete test blocks 1 of different ages, the corrosive ion diffusion law is analyzed, and the degradation law of subway lining is obtained.
实施例2：Example 2:
本实施例涉及的高位液压油缸24提供拉力，低位液压油缸25提供压力，夹具和螺母组件2确保持载。The high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 involved in this embodiment provides pulling force, the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 provides pressure, and the clamp and nut assembly 2 ensure the holding load.
实施例3：Example 3:
本实施例涉及的高位液压油缸24提供压力，低位液压油缸25提供拉力，夹具和螺母组件2确保持载。The high-position hydraulic cylinder 24 involved in this embodiment provides pressure, the low-position hydraulic cylinder 25 provides pulling force, and the clamp and nut assembly 2 ensure the holding load.

Claims (6)

  1. 一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，其特征在于由相互独立的制备单元和加载单元配合构成，制备单元制作混凝土试块，加载单元加载混凝土试块。A concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point in a tunnel is characterized in that it is composed of mutually independent preparation units and loading units. The preparation units make concrete test blocks, and the loading unit loads the concrete test blocks.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，其特征在于制备单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板、立板、连杆、固定钢板、模具钢板、模具条形孔、螺纹钢筋和锚固板；制备单元底板的上表面开设有两个横向卡槽和四个纵向卡槽，横向卡槽中设置有立板，立板通过连杆固定连接，纵向卡槽中设置有两块固定钢板和两块模具钢板，固定钢板设置在模具钢板的外侧，两块模具钢板相对，模具钢板上开设有模具条形孔，螺纹钢筋的一端与固定钢板螺栓式连接，螺纹钢筋的另一端穿过模具条形孔伸入两块模具钢板之间并与锚固板连接。The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the main structure of the preparation unit includes the preparation unit bottom plate, vertical plate, connecting rod, fixed steel plate, mold steel plate, mold strip hole, Rebars and anchor plates; the upper surface of the bottom plate of the preparation unit is provided with two transverse clamping grooves and four longitudinal clamping grooves, the horizontal clamping grooves are provided with vertical plates, the vertical plates are fixedly connected by connecting rods, and two longitudinal clamping grooves are provided One fixed steel plate and two mold steel plates. The fixed steel plate is set on the outside of the mold steel plate. The two mold steel plates are opposite. The mold steel plate is provided with a mold strip hole. One end of the threaded steel bar is bolted to the fixed steel plate, and the other end of the threaded steel bar Pass through the strip hole of the mould and extend between the two mould steel plates and connect with the anchor plate.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，其特征在于加载单元的主体结构包括制备单元底板、反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸、低位液压油缸、长条形孔和短条形孔；制备单元底板上由两端到中间依次设置有相对的反力钢板、高持载钢板和低持载钢板，反力钢板上设置有高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸，高持载钢板上开设有长条形孔，低持载钢板上开设有短条形孔。The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point in the tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the main structure of the loading unit includes a preparation unit bottom plate, a reaction steel plate, a high-load steel plate, a low-load steel plate, and a high hydraulic cylinder , Low-position hydraulic cylinders, long strip holes and short strip holes; the bottom plate of the preparation unit is provided with opposite reaction force steel plates, high load-bearing steel plates and low load-bearing steel plates in sequence from both ends to the middle, and high-position steel plates are provided on the reaction steel plate. For hydraulic oil cylinders and low-position hydraulic oil cylinders, long strip holes are opened on the high-loading steel plate, and short strip holes are opened on the low-loading steel plate.
  4. 根据权利要求2-3所述的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，其特征在于连杆、固定钢板和模具钢板均可拆卸；螺纹钢筋的数量为4，锚固板预埋在混凝土试块中，螺纹钢筋与锚固板焊接为整体；高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸均为HSG80双向液压缸。The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel according to claim 2-3, characterized in that the connecting rod, the fixed steel plate and the die steel plate can be disassembled; the number of threaded steel bars is 4, and the anchor plate is embedded in the concrete In the test block, the threaded steel bar and the anchor plate are welded as a whole; the high-position hydraulic cylinder and the low-position hydraulic cylinder are both HSG80 two-way hydraulic cylinders.
  5. 根据权利要求1-3所述的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的混凝土加载装置，其特征在于用于地铁隧道衬砌结构实际受力状态与环境耦合作用下地铁隧道衬砌混凝土结构耐久性研究。The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point of the tunnel according to claims 1-3, characterized in that it is used for studying the durability of the subway tunnel lining concrete structure under the coupling effect of the actual stress state of the subway tunnel lining structure and the environment.
  6. 根据权利要求1-3所述的一种模拟隧道任意一点应力状态的 混凝土加载装置，其特征在于进行地铁衬砌混凝土持续拉-压荷载与离子侵蚀耦合作用耐久性试验的工艺过程包括制备试块、安装试块、施加应力、离子腐蚀和分析结果共五个步骤：The concrete loading device for simulating the stress state at any point in the tunnel according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the process of conducting the durability test of the continuous tension-compression load and ion erosion of the subway lining concrete includes preparing test blocks, There are five steps to install the test block, apply stress, ion corrosion and analyze the results:
    一.制备试块：按照地铁衬砌混凝土结构的水灰比配制混凝土，在两块模具钢板之间浇筑混凝土，混凝土初凝待，脱去立板、连杆、固定钢板和模具钢板，标准养护28天，得到锚固有螺纹钢筋和锚固板的混凝土试块；1. Prepare the test block: prepare the concrete according to the water-cement ratio of the subway lining concrete structure, pour the concrete between the two mold steel plates, and the concrete is ready for initial setting. The vertical plates, connecting rods, fixed steel plates and mold steel plates are removed, and the standard maintenance is 28 Day, get the concrete test block of anchoring inherent threaded steel bar and anchoring plate;
    二.安装试块：使用防水涂料涂覆混凝土试块除了顶面的其余面，将混凝土试块竖直放置在制备单元底板上，使上部的螺纹钢筋穿过长条形孔，下部的螺纹钢筋穿过长条形孔和短条形孔，分别使用夹具和螺母组件将上部的螺纹钢筋与高位液压油缸连接，下部的螺纹钢筋与低位液压油缸连接，在混凝土试块的顶面设置蓄水池，使用防水涂料涂覆除蓄水池外的顶面，在混凝土试块的侧面上粘贴应变片；2. Install the test block: Use waterproof coating to coat the concrete test block on the rest of the top surface. Place the concrete test block vertically on the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the upper threaded steel bar passes through the elongated hole, and the lower threaded steel bar Pass through the long strip hole and the short strip hole, respectively use clamps and nut components to connect the upper threaded steel bar to the high hydraulic cylinder, and the lower threaded steel bar connects to the low hydraulic cylinder. A reservoir is set on the top surface of the concrete test block. , Use waterproof coating to coat the top surface except the reservoir, and paste strain gauges on the side of the concrete test block;
    三.施加应力：根据地铁衬砌实际受力数据，高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸为混凝土试块提供设定的拉-压应力，夹具和螺母组件保持荷载；3. Applying stress: According to the actual force data of the subway lining, the high-position hydraulic cylinder and the low-position hydraulic cylinder provide the set tension-compression stress for the concrete test block, and the clamp and nut components maintain the load;
    四.离子侵蚀：将步骤三施加应力后的混凝土试块连同反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸从制备单元底板上卸下来，使制备单元底板与其他的反力钢板、高持载钢板、低持载钢板、高位液压油缸和低位液压油缸配合对其他的混凝土试块进行加载，在蓄水池中加入与地铁衬砌实际服役环境中水中腐蚀性离子含量相同的盐溶液对混凝土试块进行腐蚀；4. Ion erosion: Remove the concrete test block after the stress in step 3, together with the reaction steel plate, high-load steel plate, low-load steel plate, high hydraulic cylinder and low hydraulic cylinder from the bottom plate of the preparation unit, so that the bottom plate of the preparation unit is in contact with each other. Other reaction steel plates, high-load steel plates, low-load steel plates, high-position hydraulic cylinders and low-position hydraulic cylinders are used to load other concrete test blocks, and corrosive ions in the water in the actual service environment of the subway lining are added to the reservoir The salt solution with the same content will corrode the concrete test block;
    五.分析结果：根据不同龄期的混凝土试块，对腐蚀性离子扩散规律进行分析，得出地铁衬砌的劣化规律。V. Analysis results: According to concrete test blocks of different ages, the law of corrosive ion diffusion is analyzed, and the degradation law of subway lining is obtained.
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