WO2021128816A1

WO2021128816A1 - Thrust bearing and turbocharger

Info

Publication number: WO2021128816A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/101844
Authority: WO
Inventors: 高磊; 吴天骄; 王洪凯; 伍培明; 王向军; 张泽裕
Original assignee: 蜂巢动力系统(江苏)有限公司
Priority date: 2019-12-25
Filing date: 2020-07-14
Publication date: 2021-07-01
Also published as: CN211288496U

Abstract

Disclosed are a thrust bearing and a turbocharger. The thrust bearing cooperates with a thrust plate so as to be used in the turbocharger; the middle of the thrust bearing is provided with a through mounting hole (3); an oil inlet hole (4) in communication with an external oil way is provided in the thrust bearing; an oil cavity arranged around the mounting hole (3) is provided in the thrust bearing; the oil cavity is in communication with the oil inlet hole (4), and corresponds to the oil cavity; bearing areas around the mounting hole (3) are respectively arranged on two opposite side end faces of the thrust bearing; the bearing areas on both sides extend to the edge of the mounting hole (3); each bearing area is in communication with the oil cavity by means of a plurality of communication holes that are distributed around the mounting hole (3) at intervals in the circumferential direction; and an oil drainage hole enabling the interior of the mounting hole (3) to be in communication with the outside is further provided in the thrust bearing. The thrust bearing can reduce direct splashing of lubricating oil, can improve the anti-coking capability of the thrust bearing, and has a better usage effect.

Description

[Corrected according to Rule 26 05.08.2020] 　A thrust bearing and turbocharger

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of turbocharging, in particular to a thrust bearing used in a turbocharger. The invention also relates to a turbocharger with the above thrust bearing.

Background technique

Turbochargers are an important means to improve engine fuel efficiency. At present, more and more engines are equipped with turbochargers. As the core component of turbochargers, the thrust bearing is responsible for the high-speed rotor system (press wheel, The axial force of the shaft seal, shaft, and turbine plays a very important role in the work of the turbocharger.

The thrust bearing needs to meet the bearing capacity requirements when designing, and it should have low power consumption. When the turbocharger is working, the lubricating oil flow from the thrust bearing to the seal will directly affect the risk of the turbocharger oil leakage grade. The lubricating oil of the traditional supercharger usually enters from the intermediate shell and is supplied to the radial bearing and the thrust bearing respectively. After the lubricating oil enters the thrust bearing oil hole, it will directly reach the journal to be supplied from the inner circle side of the thrust bearing. The oil, driven by the pressure difference, the thrust surface and the centrifugal force, causes the lubricating oil to splash out from the outer circle side, and usually two layers of sealing rings are set to prevent the lubricating oil from entering the compressor impeller side.

Although the existing thrust bearing structure for turbochargers can achieve its design purpose, it is also found in use that it has low bearing capacity per unit area, large power loss, and easy temperature in the bearing area. If it is too high, the lubricating oil is easy to be carbonized and coked, and the bearing surface is easy to blacken. Therefore, in order to better improve the use effect of the thrust bearing in the turbocharger, it is necessary to further improve the structure of the thrust bearing.

Invention and creation content

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a thrust bearing for turbochargers, which can overcome at least one of the shortcomings in the prior art and improve the use effect of the thrust bearing.

In order to achieve the above objective, the technical solution created by the present invention is achieved as follows:

A thrust bearing is used in a turbocharger to fit a thrust piece, and a through mounting hole is provided in the middle of the thrust bearing, and the thrust bearing is configured to interact with external oil The oil inlet hole communicated with the thrust bearing is configured with an oil cavity arranged around the mounting hole in the thrust bearing, and the oil cavity is communicated with the oil inlet hole and corresponds to the oil cavity. Two opposite side end surfaces of the thrust bearing are respectively configured with bearing areas arranged around the mounting holes, and the bearing areas on both sides extend to the edge of the mounting hole, and each bearing area passes through the ring and the mounting hole. A plurality of communicating holes arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the hole communicate with the oil cavity, and an oil drain hole communicating between the inside of the mounting hole and the outside is also constructed in the thrust bearing.

Further, a plurality of spiral inclined planes arranged in sequence around the mounting holes are respectively provided in the load-bearing areas on both sides, and the spiral inclined planes have the same direction from low to high, and are respectively provided in each of the spiral inclined plane regions. The communication hole.

Further, the communication hole of each spiral inclined surface area is located at the lower end of the spiral inclined surface area.

Further, the communicating holes on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the spiral slope.

Further, a plane parallel to the side end surface of the thrust bearing is formed at a higher end of each spiral inclined surface area, and two adjacent spiral inclined surfaces are connected by the plane.

Further, a groove arranged around the load-bearing area is formed on one end surface of the thrust bearing, and a gap communicating with the outside of the thrust bearing is formed along a part of the outer edge of the groove.

Further, a pair of oppositely arranged clamping grooves are constructed on the outer edge of the thrust bearing.

Further, the thrust bearing is formed by buckling two halves facing each other, and the oil cavity and the oil drain hole are both enclosed and formed by the buckling of the two halves.

Further, the oil inlet hole is located on one of the half bodies, and the oil inlet hole communicates with the oil cavity through an oil inlet passage formed by the two halves buckled together.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

In the thrust bearing created by the present invention, oil cavities corresponding to the bearing areas on both sides are formed inside, so that the lubricating oil enters the oil cavity from the oil inlet hole, and then enters the bearing area through the communicating hole, thereby realizing the position of the bearing area. The direct cooling can reduce the temperature in the bearing area of the thrust bearing and reduce the risk of coking in the bearing area.

In addition, the thrust bearing created by the present invention can facilitate the flow of lubricating oil from the bearing area to the position of the mounting hole through the arrangement of the spiral inclined surface of the bearing area, can reduce the splash of lubricating oil, and can also improve the bearing capacity of the bearing area and help reduce power consumption. . The arrangement of the groove on one side, which is matched with the side thrust piece, can also change the flow direction of the lubricating oil, maintain the pressure in the bearing area, and prevent excessive lubricating oil from flowing to the side of the compressor impeller, thereby reducing the risk of oil leakage .

In addition, the invention created by the integral thrust bearing adopts a split structure formed by combining two halves, which can also facilitate the formation of each structure in the thrust bearing, and can reduce the difficulty and cost of its design and manufacture.

Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a turbocharger in which the thrust bearing as described above is installed.

Description of the drawings

The drawings constituting a part of the invention are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention. In the attached picture:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the thrust bearing according to the first embodiment of the invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic view of the back of the thrust bearing shown in Figure 1;

3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first half body according to the first embodiment of the invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of the back of the first half shown in FIG. 3;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the second half body according to the first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the back of the second half shown in Fig. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the thrust bearing and the thrust piece according to the second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 8 is a partial enlarged view of part A in Figure 7;

Description of reference signs:

1- first half, 2- second half, 3- mounting hole, 4- oil inlet, 5- card slot, 6-cut, 7-first thrust plate, 8-second thrust plate , 9-through hole;

101-The spiral slope of the first half body, 102-The plane of the first half body, 103-The connecting hole of the first half body, 104-The first half body oil inlet groove, 105-The first half body oil groove, 106-The first half body drain Oil tank

201-Second half-body inlet groove, 202-Second half-body oil groove, 203-Second half-body connecting hole, 204-Second half-body drain groove, 205-Second half-body spiral slope, 206-Second half-body Plane, 207-groove, 208-notch;

801-convex ring.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that the embodiments in the invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other if there is no conflict.

The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

Example one

This embodiment relates to a thrust bearing, which is used to cooperate with a thrust piece and applied to a turbocharger, and is an important part of the turbocharger. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the thrust bearing of this embodiment is specifically composed of a first half body 1 and a second half body 2 that are buckled together. A through-hole is provided in the middle of the integral thrust bearing. The mounting hole 3 can be matched with the thrust piece to achieve the installation on the turbocharger shaft, and the thrust bearing is also configured with an oil inlet 4 communicating with the external oil circuit, and An oil cavity arranged around the mounting hole 3 is also constructed inside the thrust bearing, and the oil cavity is communicated with the oil inlet 4.

In addition, in this embodiment, corresponding to the above-mentioned oil cavity, the bearing areas where the ring mounting holes 3 are arranged are also respectively configured on the two opposite side end surfaces of the thrust bearing. The load-bearing area is the main working area of the thrust bearing, which can be matched with the adjacent thrust piece during the operation of the turbocharger to realize the corresponding axial thrust action. In the specific structural design, the bearing areas on both sides extend to the edge of the mounting hole 3, that is, the inner edge of the annular bearing area on each side coincides with the edge of the mounting hole 3, so that the lubricant in the bearing area can be smoothly Go into the mounting hole 3.

In this embodiment, each side bearing area is also communicated with the oil cavity inside the thrust bearing through a number of communication holes arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the ring mounting hole 3, so as to realize the oil supply of the oil cavity to the bearing areas on both sides. Corresponding to the oil intake from the bearing area into the mounting hole 3, the thrust bearing in this embodiment is further configured with an oil drain hole connecting the inside of the mounting hole 3 and the outside. The structure of the oil drain hole is This will be specifically explained in conjunction with the introduction of the two halves below.

In this embodiment, in addition to the above arrangement of the oil inlet 4, the oil cavity, and the corresponding bearing area, the thrust bearing is also provided with a cut-out 6 on one side, and at the same time, a pair of opposites is also provided on the thrust bearing. Layout of the card slot 5. The cut-out 6 and the slot 5 are used as the relevant modeling structure in the thrust bearing, which can realize the reliable arrangement of the thrust bearing in the turbocharger, so as to ensure the stability of its work.

It should be pointed out that, in order to ensure that the lubricating oil entering the bearing area can effectively flow to the mounting hole 3, this embodiment is provided with a plurality of spiral inclined planes with the ring mounting holes 3 arranged in sequence in the bearing area on both sides. At this time, as a spiral inclined surface, each spiral inclined surface area has two ends with different heights along the direction around the mounting hole 3, and between the two ends is a smooth transition surface along the circumferential direction of the mounting hole 3. 1 and FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the spiral slopes have the same direction from low to high, and the above-mentioned communicating holes are respectively provided in each spiral slope area.

As a preferred implementation form, the communicating holes on both sides of this embodiment can be designed to be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the spiral slope, that is, each spiral slope area is provided with a communicating hole. At the same time, matching the design of the spiral inclined surface, in the position arrangement of the communicating hole of each spiral inclined surface area, it is also preferable that the communicating hole of each spiral inclined surface area is located at the lower end of the spiral inclined surface area. By setting the communicating hole at the lower end of the spiral slope, the lubricating oil entering the spiral slope from the communicating hole can fully flow in the direction from low to high, so that with the cooperation of the thrust plate, the spiral slope can be used to form The gradually converging wedge-shaped space maintains the high pressure in the bearing area of the thrust bearing, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the thrust bearing.

In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in the overall design of the thrust bearing, a plane parallel to the side end surface of the thrust bearing is also formed at the higher end of each spiral slope area. The two adjacent spiral slopes are connected via this plane, and the surface of the plane may be flush with the side end surface of the thrust bearing on the corresponding side, or may be slightly compared to the side end surface of the thrust bearing on that side. Low setting. With the arrangement of the plane, on the basis of the convergent wedge-shaped space that can be formed by the spiral slope, the pressure in the bearing area area can be further ensured, and the bearing capacity of the thrust bearing can also be improved.

In this embodiment, as a preferred exemplary form, the aforementioned oil inlet 4 is specifically located on the first half body 1, and inside the thrust bearing, the oil inlet 4 also passes through the two half bodies. The oil inlet channel formed by the buckling and enclosing structure communicates with the oil cavity. Of course, similar to the above-mentioned oil drain hole, the oil inlet channel will also be combined with the following detailed description of the two halves.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, which are schematic diagrams of the structure of the first half body 1, the mounting holes 3 and the cut-out 6 are formed at the corresponding positions of the first half body 1, and the two half bodies are respectively formed There are mounting holes 3 and cut-outs 6, which are assembled into a complete mounting hole 3 and cut-out 6 with the fastening of the two halves.

In this embodiment, the oil inlet hole 4 is provided through the end faces of both sides of the first half body 1, and a first half body oil inlet groove 104 is formed on one end face of the first half body 1, and the first half body is arranged around the mounting hole 3. The body oil groove 105, and the first half body oil drain groove 106 located between the two ends of the first half body oil groove 105. The first half body oil inlet groove 104 realizes the communication between the oil inlet hole 4 and the first half body oil groove 105, and the first half body oil drain groove 106 realizes the communication between the inner wall of the mounting hole 3 and the outside, and in the first half body oil groove In 105, a first half-body communicating hole 103 located on the first half-body 1 is provided.

Relative to the side with the oil grooves, on the other side of the first half body 1 is formed a bearing area on one side of the first half body 1 where the ring mounting holes 3 are arranged. In the bearing area of the first half 1 is provided a first half-body spiral slope 102 with ring mounting holes 3 arranged in sequence. The higher end of each first half-body spiral slope 102 is formed with a first half-body plane 103, each The adjacent first half spiral slope 102 is connected by the first half plane 103 between the two, and the first half communication hole 103 is located at the lower end of the first half spiral slope 102.

The structure of the second half body 2 is specifically shown in Figures 5 and 6, and a second half body oil inlet groove 201, a second half body oil groove 202, and a second half body drain are also provided on one side of the second half body 2.油槽203。 Oil tank 203. When the two halves are buckled together, the oil inlet grooves on both sides form the aforementioned oil inlet channel, the oil grooves on both sides form an integral oil cavity, and the oil drain grooves on both sides form an enclosed structure. The overall drain hole.

In this embodiment, on the other side end surface of the second half body 2 is also formed a bearing area on one side of the second half body 2 arranged with the ring mounting holes 3, and is similar to the aforementioned bearing area on the first half body 1. Similar to the introduction, the second half 2 is provided with a second half spiral slope 205, a second half plane 206, and a second half corresponding to the second half spiral slope 205 in a one-to-one correspondence. The body communicating port 203, and the second half body communicating hole 203 is also located at the lower end of the second half spiral slope 205.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6 and in combination with FIG. 2, in this embodiment, the side end surface of the second half body 2 in the thrust bearing, that is, the side end surface with the load-bearing area is also configured with the surrounding load-bearing area A notch 208 is also formed along a part of the outer edge of the groove 207. The notch 208 is arranged at a position corresponding to the section 6 and penetrates to the section 6, thereby enabling the groove 207 to interact with the thrust The bearing is connected outside.

The arrangement of the above-mentioned groove 207 in this embodiment will be described in detail in the second embodiment below. It should be noted that, in addition to the above, the entire thrust bearing is formed by buckling two opposite halves, so that the thrust bearing of this embodiment has a split structure. Of course, the thrust bearing adopts an integrated structure. Yes, it is not restricted here. However, compared with the structure of the split structure, the design and manufacture of the thrust bearing of the one-piece structure will be more difficult, and the cost may also increase.

The thrust bearing of this embodiment is designed with internal oil cavities corresponding to the bearing areas on both sides, and allows lubricating oil to enter the oil cavity from the oil inlet hole, and then into the bearing area through the communicating hole, which can realize direct cooling of the position of the bearing area , Can reduce the temperature in the bearing area of the thrust bearing and reduce the risk of coking in the bearing area. Moreover, the arrangement of the spiral slope in the bearing area can also facilitate the flow of lubricating oil from the bearing area to the position of the mounting hole, which can reduce the splash of lubricating oil, and at the same time, it can improve the bearing capacity of the bearing area and help reduce power consumption.

In addition, the creation of the present invention makes the integral thrust bearing adopt a split structure formed by combining two halves, which can also facilitate the formation of each structure in the thrust bearing, and achieve the effect of reducing the difficulty and cost of design and manufacturing.

The application of the thrust bearing of this embodiment will be described in the second embodiment.

Example two

This embodiment relates to a turbocharger, and the thrust bearing as described in the first embodiment is installed in the turbocharger.

For the turbocharger of this embodiment, it should be noted that the invention is mainly in the thrust bearing and the corresponding thrust piece part, and for the structure of other parts in the thrust bearing, please refer to the existing turbocharger. The compressor is sufficient, and I will not repeat it here.

Figure 7 shows the cooperation between the thrust bearing and the thrust piece in the turbocharger of this embodiment. At this time, the thrust piece is two opposite sides of the thrust bearing, and for ease of description , The thrust pieces on both sides are also called the first thrust piece 7 and the second thrust piece 8 respectively. Among them, the first thrust piece 7 is arranged corresponding to the first half body 1 in the thrust bearing, and the second thrust piece 8 is arranged corresponding to the second half body 2, and as shown in FIG. The outer edge of the push piece 8 is also configured with a convex ring 801 embedded in the groove 207 on the second half body 2.

In this embodiment, as an exemplary form, the second thrust piece 8 has a part inserted into the mounting hole 3 in the thrust bearing, and the first thrust piece 7 is only located in the first half body 1. A sheet-like structure on the side, and a through hole 9 for inserting the shaft of the turbocharger is formed in the middle of the two thrust plates, and the entire structural system composed of the thrust bearing and the thrust plate passes through The through hole 9 realizes the installation in the turbocharger.

In this embodiment, when the turbocharger is working, the lubricating oil enters the oil cavity of the thrust bearing through the oil inlet 4, and then enters the bearing area on both sides through the communication holes. In the load-bearing areas on both sides, under the action of the spiral slope, most of the lubricating oil can flow inward and enter the mounting hole 3, and finally flow out through the drain hole. A small part of the lubricating oil will flow outward due to splashing. And fly out from between the thrust bearing and the thrust piece. At this time, for the side of the second half body 2 of the thrust bearing, since this side is adjacent to the compressor impeller in the supercharger, the groove and the convex ring 801 embedded in it are used to facilitate The flow direction of splashed lubricating oil can be changed to prevent excessive lubricating oil from flowing to the side of the compressor impeller while maintaining the pressure in the bearing area, thereby reducing the risk of oil leakage.

In addition, it should be noted in this embodiment that, based on the setting of the internal oil cavity of the thrust bearing, in practical applications, it is also possible to control the thickness of the outer wall of the oil cavity, that is, the distance between the inner surface of the oil cavity and the outer end surface of the thrust bearing. Thickness, so that the wall thickness is designed to be small while meeting the structural strength, so that when the thrust bearing and the thrust piece are at risk of contact, the smaller wall thickness can be used to make the thrust bearing adaptively deform , So as to achieve the effect of reducing the wear of the thrust bearing.

The above are only the preferred embodiments created by the present invention, and are not intended to limit the creation of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in Within the scope of protection created by the present invention.

Claims

A thrust bearing is used in a turbocharger to fit a thrust piece, and a through mounting hole (3) is provided in the middle of the thrust bearing, and the thrust bearing is constructed with The oil inlet (4) communicated with the external oil path is characterized in that: an oil cavity arranged around the mounting hole (3) is constructed in the thrust bearing, and the oil cavity and the oil inlet ( 4) Communicating and corresponding to the oil cavity, the two opposite side end faces of the thrust bearing are respectively configured with bearing areas arranged around the mounting holes (3), and the bearing areas on both sides extend to The edge of the mounting hole (3), and each of the load-bearing areas are respectively communicated with the oil cavity through a number of communicating holes arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the mounting hole (3), and are located in the thrust bearing An oil drain hole communicating between the inside of the mounting hole (3) and the outside is also constructed.
The thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the load-bearing area on both sides, a plurality of spiral inclined surfaces are respectively arranged around the mounting holes (3), and each spiral inclined surface is from low to high The directions are the same, and the communicating holes are respectively provided in each of the spiral slope regions.
The thrust bearing according to claim 2, wherein the communicating hole of each spiral slope area is located at a lower end of the spiral slope area.
The thrust bearing according to claim 2, wherein the communicating holes on both sides are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the spiral inclined surface.
The thrust bearing according to claim 2, wherein a plane parallel to the side end surface of the thrust bearing is formed at a higher end of each of the spiral slope regions, and two adjacent ones of the The spiral slopes meet through this plane.
The thrust bearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: a groove (207) arranged around the load-bearing area is formed on one end surface of the thrust bearing, and a groove (207) is arranged along the groove (207). Part of the outer edge of) is formed with a gap (208) communicating with the outside of the thrust bearing.
The thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that a pair of oppositely arranged clamping grooves (5) are constructed on the outer edge of the thrust bearing.
The thrust bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the thrust bearing is formed by buckling two halves facing each other, and the oil cavity and the oil drain hole are both due to The two halves are buckled together to form an enclosure.
The thrust bearing according to claim 8, characterized in that: the oil inlet hole (4) is located on one of the half bodies, and the oil inlet hole (4) is formed by buckling the two half bodies. The oil inlet channel formed by the enclosure is in communication with the oil cavity.
A turbocharger, characterized in that the thrust bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is loaded in the turbocharger.