WO2021122464A1

WO2021122464A1 - Superstructure for a road or similar traffic route and method for producing such a superstructure

Info

Publication number: WO2021122464A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/086000
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lutz Weiler
Original assignee: Lutz Weiler
Priority date: 2019-12-19
Filing date: 2020-12-14
Publication date: 2021-06-24
Also published as: DE102020103080A1; EP4077811A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a superstructure (1) for a traffic route (100) comprising a bound, water-permeable top layer which is produced by the cold mixing method or which is produced by the cold or hot mixing method, comprising: at least one bright binder produced from an originally dark and in particular black binder, colored by means of bright pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide, which in particular has the hardness level B50/70 or B 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified binder, and in particular a synthetic resin-based binder; and bright rock and/or sand; wherein the top layer (2) has a reflection-Albedo value of > 0.15, optionally of > 0.18, and/or of < 0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35; a water-permeable, bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or suchlike, adhesively bound bearing layer; and a water-retaining and water-permeable, unbound bearing layer, said unbound bearing layer (6) consisting of at least one water-retaining mineral fill; and a water-retaining filler fill which fills the cavities of the mineral fill at least in part and has a small grain size, wherein the water-retraining filler fill comprises at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% perlite and/or expanded clay and/or Liapor or similar porous and water-retaining fillers. The invention furthermore also relates to a method for producing such a superstructure.

Description

Title: SUPERSTRUCTURE FOR A ROAD OR THE SAME ROAD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH SUPPORT

description

The present invention relates to a superstructure for a road or the like traffic route, comprising, viewed in a sequence from top to bottom, at least one bound water-permeable surface layer, a water-permeable, in particular bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the like adhesive, ge bound base layer and a water-permeable, unbound base course.

Such superstructures are known from the prior art. At the time of registration in Germany, they are dimensioned in accordance with the RStO 12 guideline for the standardization of the superstructure of traffic areas. Depending on the load class, i. H. i.a. the expected loads, the expected number of load cycles, the frost classes, etc., the individual layers of the superstructure are carried out with different thicknesses and in different numbers.

Almost all of these traffic route constructions have in common that they lead to a sealing of the surface. According to statistical surveys from 2014, the share of traffic routes in Germany is around 5.4%. This high number of sealed surfaces has a negative impact on the local climate, especially in metropolitan areas.

About 70% of the rainwater is stored in forests and about 50% in fields and returned to the surrounding area through evaporation. Only part of the rainwater seeps away and fills the groundwater reservoir. Evaporation reduces the effects of long periods of drought, as the evaporated water rains down again via the formation of clouds at another point, creating a natural cycle. City and road construction are increasing Sealed surfaces, more and more heat stores are created and, at the same time, less and less water evaporates, making local dry and hot periods longer and more intense. At the same time, there is a lack of shade-giving clouds. Attracting rain clouds split in front of the city in order to reunite behind the city, rise to towers and then rain down as extreme precipitation. While the USA reported up to 28% less rain on the leeward side, smaller cities like Berlin reported an increase in the amount of rain on the leeward side. These controversial statements are due to the size of the cities. The fact is, however, that there is an interaction between the local climate and the proportion of sealed surfaces.

The object of the invention is to find a solution for this and, in particular, to reduce the negative effects of the surface sealing caused by the construction of traffic routes on the local climate.

This object is achieved by a superstructure and a method for producing a superstructure for a road or similar traffic route according to the independent claims.

In particular, this object is achieved by a superstructure for a road or the like traffic route, comprising, viewed in a sequence from top to bottom, at least one bonded water-permeable cover layer which is produced in the cold mixing process and in particular has a binder based on synthetic resin; or which is produced in the cold or hot mixing process, comprising: at least one light-colored binding agent, produced from an originally dark and especially black binding agent colored by means of light-colored pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide, which in particular has the hardness level B50 / 70 or B. 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified binding agent, and in particular binding agent based on synthetic resin; and light rock and / or sands; wherein the top layer, according to both of the aforementioned construction methods, has a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0, 35 has; at least one water-permeable, in particular bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the like small bend, bound base course; and at least one water-storing and water-permeable, unbound base layer, this unbound base layer consists of: at least one water-storing mineral fill, in particular stone fill of grain size 2-56mm, preferably 5-32mm; and a water-storing filler fill with a smaller grain size which at least partially fills the cavities of the mineral filler, with the water-storing filler filler at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% perlite and / or expanded clay and / or Liapor or the like Has porous and water-storing fillers.

In addition, this object is achieved by a method for producing a superstructure for a road or similar traffic route, comprising the following steps: Application of at least one water-storing and water-permeable, unbound base layer, consisting of at least one water-storing mineral fill, in particular rock fill of grain size 2 -56mm, preferably 5-32mm, and at least one water-storing filler fill at least partially filling the cavities of the mineral filler with a smaller grain size, in particular as a mixture on a substructure, the water-storing filler filler at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally has at least 95% perlite and / or expanded clay and / or Lia por or the like porous and water-storing fillers; Applying at least one water-permeable, bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the same bonded base layer to the unbound base layer, and applying at least one water-permeable, bonded cover layer, the bonded cover layer being produced in the cold mixing process and in particular a resin-based binder and a retroreflective albedo Has a value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35; or a bonded, water-permeable cover layer (2), in particular with a thickness between 2 and 5 cm, which is produced by the cold or hot mixing process, comprising: at least one light-colored binding agent, produced from one colored by means of light-colored pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide , originally dark and in particular black binder, which in particular has the hardness level B50 / 70 or B 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified one Binders, and in particular binders based on synthetic resin; and light rock and / or sands; wherein the top layer, according to both of the aforementioned construction methods, has a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0, 35 has.

The core of the invention is to offer a superstructure whose water balance approximates the structure of a natural surface, for example a field. For this reason, the superstructure is optionally designed in such a way that water and, in particular, rainwater are passed on via the bound cover layer and the bound base course to the unbound base course and are stored there in the water-storing filler bed and optionally in the mineral bed, with excess amounts of water being poured into the da soil lying down can seep away. The water stored in the unbound base layer can be given off again in the form of evaporation during periods of drought.

Relevant for the functional principle is the coordinated execution of the one or the optionally several top layer, bound base layer and unbound base layer, as will be described in detail below.

Asphalt surface courses are usually made with a "black" binder 0-5mm, 0-8mm or 0-11mm with a thickness of 2.5-4 cm and are almost waterproof. Usually they have an albedo value (reflection value) of approx. 0.1 or less, i.e. 10% of the sun's rays are reflected and 90% absorbed (converted into heat). This creates hotspots that cause a microclimate that is uncomfortable for humans in summer.

Covering layers with lighter binders are known from the drain asphalt area. Like the black binders, they are manufactured using the hot mixing process and are installed with a grain size distribution of 5mm-8mm or 5mm-11mm and a thickness of 3-4cm. The fast removal takes place via the aggregates of the grit grains. The fact that the im The binders used in the hot-mix process become unstable when exposed to thermal stress and clog the pores, which are used for water permeability. This he increases the unwanted surface sealing. In addition, drain asphalt that was initially effective becomes ineffective after a short time.

According to the invention, therefore, in the superstructure and process according to the invention for its production as binders for the top layer in the cold mixing process, editable alternative binders and in particular as alternative binders based on synthetic resin in the cold mixing process are used. In the case of these alternative binders, the load transfer takes place surprisingly for the most part via the binder itself, so that the grain size of the chippings and the thickness of the paving can be reduced. Instead of the above-mentioned grains, the grains l-3mm, 2-5mm or l-5mm are optionally mixed with alternative binders based on synthetic resin. In addition, the paving thickness is optionally reduced by a reduction value of 25-40%, optionally by 30-35%, for example from 3-4 cm to approx. 2-3 cm. Especially if traffic loads are not expected to be too high, a colored, “dark or black” binding agent can also be mixed and installed as drainage asphalt, as this light coloring is combined with the light aggregates (stone, grit and sand) The thermal load due to the higher albedo value is reduced and the approach to the water-permeable surface layer is reduced or prevented. Since this top layer requires the support grain, this top layer is optionally mixed with grain sizes 2- 16mm, preferably 2-5mm, 5-8mm or 11-16mm.

Although the cavities are becoming smaller, they protect the water-permeable “drainage asphalt” base layers of coarse grain sizes from clogging and have sufficient water permeability, optionally k> 0.01 cm / s. The advantage of using the light-colored, optionally clear binder and its processability in the cold mixing process is that it does not melt and clog the pores under thermal stress. In this respect, the top layer is much more durable and resilient. The same applies here with regard to the use of the colored dark or black binder. An optionally usable light aggregate, combined with this alternative, light and in particular also “colorless” binder, leads to a surface that is particularly water and vapor permeable in both directions, which is very relevant as part of the superstructure according to the invention.

Of course, such top layers heat up less. The albedo (reflection value) is adjusted to the albedo value of the fields, in particular to 0.25-0.35, especially for areas on which people spend a long time, the albedo value is higher for areas on which people can only stay for a short time e.g. be <0.5. In principle, the retroreflective albedo value should be> 0.15, optionally> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally 0.25-0.35. It is relevant here that an albedo value that is too high results in an increased heat load in areas close to the surface: The solar radiation acts directly from above, and the reflection from below as a reflection. If the albedo value is selected too high, the heat load near the surface increases, although the surface temperature of the asphalt produced as above, especially with alternative binders, is cooler.

The bound, water-permeable cover layer optionally has a particularly light-colored bulk material bound with the above binder, which has a grain size of at least 70%, optionally at least 90% and further optionally substantially 100% of a grain size of 1-3mm and / or 2-5mm and / or has a thickness of l-5mm and / or an installation thickness of a maximum of 3 cm, optionally a maximum of 2 cm, and further optionally has a grain size of 2-11mm or 5-8mm or 8-11mm with a thickness of 3-5cm. Furthermore, the bound cover layer optionally has a water permeability of k> 0.01 cm / s. An optional value of 25% -35% applies for their voids content, further optional of 20% -30%.

For the production of the top layer, broken, light natural stones with a grain size of l-16mm of individual or different fractions, preferably l-3mm, 2-5mm and 5-8mm, or mixtures of the same, with an alternative, optionally colorless binder with a high adhesive effect, are optionally used as bulk material Mixed and installed on site using the cold mixing process. The optional choice of light-colored binders and / or aggregates increases nighttime visibility, safety for pedestrians and cyclists and reduces the costs of street lighting.

Optionally, the cover layer is essentially not designed to store anything or only to a very small extent. In particular, the aggregate is designed in such a way that it stores little or no water and in particular almost no water in its pores. Through the cover layer according to the invention, surface water, and in particular rainwater, reaches the bound and further to the water-storing unbound carrier layer in a reliable manner.

The cover layer is optionally built on at least one conventional bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the like adhesive, bonded, water-permeable base layer, optionally with a similar void content as above. For this base layer, too, what applies to the surface layer optionally applies to water storage. The construction of this bound surface course and the bound base courses is optionally based on the RStO 2012 (for Germany) or the corresponding regulations of other countries and is adapted to the future traffic loads as provided in these regulations. The bound day shift can also consist of one or more layers.

As mentioned above, conventional bituminous asphalt surfacing courses have a thickness between 3-4 cm. The water-permeable cover layer made of alternative synthetic resin binders used here can be made thinner. Optionally, when dimensioning the base course, the resulting reduction value (i.e. the difference between the normal asphalt layer thickness and the new surface course thickness) is added to the lowest bound base course. Depending on the traffic load, the bound base layer is optionally 1-2 layers with different grain sizes, optionally coarse-grained below, e.g. PA 32 5mm-32mm, and above fine-grained, e.g. PA 22 or PA 16 5mm-16mm or PA 11 5mm - 11mm built. A plurality of base layers bonded to these can be provided. Optionally, the bonded base course can be made up of 1, 2 or 3 layers. The above-mentioned cover layer made of alternative binders protects the particular her conventional bituminous, but of course also cement, synthetic resin or the like bound and water-permeable base layer thermally, since of course there is thermal insulation relative to the installation depth and the increased radiation of the cover layer causes a temperature reduction. This protects the bonded base layer not only from solar radiation but also from the engine heat of the stationary or parked vehicles and other heat sources.

At least one unbound, water-permeable base layer is built under this water-permeable, bound base layer, which is protected in this way and optionally adapted to the traffic loads, whereby this unbound base layer consists of at least one mineral fill, in particular a rock fill with a grain size of 2-56mm, preferably 5-32mm, and a water-storing filler fill with a smaller grain size that at least partially fills the cavities of the mineral fill, the water-storing filler fill at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95%, optionally at least 15%, further optionally at 25% in relation to the total volume of the unbound base layer, perlite and / or expanded clay and / or the like has porous and water-storing fillers. Such fillers are optionally also, for example, clay granules, pumice, fava, zeolite, expanded clay, broken bricks, or similar water-storing substrates. The water storage takes place in the fillers optionally via their pores, with the grain dimensions and surface structure of the filler bed optionally also being selected so that the precipitate seeps through the filler fill interspaces when the pores are essentially completely filled. Backwater when the pore volume is filled is not given. In this way, account is taken of the fact that water passed on to the unbound base layer is stored in the water-storing filler bed and optionally in the mineral filler, with excess quantities of the water seeping into the soil below. The unbound day shift can consist of one or more layers, from which NEN at least one as described above and herein is designed to store water.

Optionally, the unbound base layer, in particular with a built-up layer thickness of 30cm-50cm, has a void content of 15-35%, preferably 20% -30%, at least partially filled with the water-storing filler layer.

Optionally, it also applies that the water-storing filler bed comprises at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% water-storing natural materials.

Optionally, the unbound base layer has an O-grain content of a maximum of 5%, optionally a maximum of 2% and further optionally of essentially 0%. Especially the execution of the base layer, basically both the unbound and optionally the bound, with a very low content of small grains and in particular the above content of 0 grain, or a <1 mm grain content of a maximum of 5%, optionally a maximum of 2% and more optionally of essentially a maximum of 0.50%, is intended to reduce the water storage in the spaces between the grains or the spaces between the bulk material and thus guarantee good infiltration of water when the pores are saturated.

The water-storing mineral fill optionally has at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% lavalite and / or at least one water-storing mineral fill, comprising at least one from the group of lavalite, basalt, quartzite, granite, greywacke, porphyry, Moraine.

Optionally, the unbound base layer has a fluid storage capacity of 30-150 liters / m ² . It has been found that in this way a very effective re-circulation of the surface water, especially in European widths, can be achieved. Optionally, the unbound base layer is designed in such a way that its fluid storage capacity is at least 200-300 liters / m3 in its water- storing cavities. Optionally, the bound and unbound base layers have an additional, in particular a bottom, fourth layer of gravel or similar angular, broken mineral material with a grain size between 32-63 mm. The layer can be part of a lower house, but it can also be arranged on the substructure and also be designed to store water. As mentioned, 2 or more unbound support layers can also be arranged, with at least one being water-storing.

The water-storing, unbound base layer optionally has, in particular with an overall structure with a thickness of 30cm-50cm, a void content filled by the filler bed, whereby small voids naturally also form between the grains of the filler bed. The thickness of this unbound, water-permeable and water-storing base layer is optionally based on the future design traffic loads and the frost impact zones. If the soil is poorly stable, it can also be stabilized with a fourth or further layer of gravel, etc., especially under the lowest layer. The unbound base layer optionally stores 30-150 liters / m ^{2 of} water, so that it can release water again in the form of water vapor in dry periods, particularly due to the different tiered porosity of the individual layers. The above also applies. Excess surface water and especially rainwater that can no longer be stored is drained into deeper layers. This creates evaporative cooling.

The overall construction of the superstructure can optionally at least ter between 50-300 Li / m ^2, optionally at least 50 to 200 liters / m ² absorb rain water, thereby in particular sewage system is relieved. When building new settlements or roads, 25-100% of the sewers for rainwater drainage can be dispensed with. If the roads are downhill, drainage pipes and similar drainage means should be installed at certain intervals to prevent the roads from overflowing at the lowest point or to prevent pumping when driving in extreme rainfall. The risk of flooding will be greatly reduced. The rainwater stored and evaporating in the superstructure is sometimes attached to aerosols found in the city, which can also consist of soot or fine dust. This can have a cleaning effect. As a rule, the shadow-giving clouds resulting from evaporation will rain down again at a distance of 30-60km. The natural cycle is restored.

If the water stored in the unbound base layer of the superstructure has dried out in hot summers, it can be artificially irrigated to bind fine dust and produce evaporative cooling.

Optionally, the thermal conductivities of the cover layer and the support layers are designed in such a way that the stored water evaporates, in particular in dry periods, and is released into the environment as water vapor.

The positive effects of the present invention can include: rainwater storage and flood prevention, especially during heavy rain, sound-absorbing effect, thermal reduction through absorption and evaporation, as well as reflection of solar radiation, improvement of night visibility. The resulting evaporation cooling improves the microclimate, the rising clouds provide shade. The construction method relieves the sewage system and helps to reduce flooding. The evaporating rainwater binds to soot, fine dust and aerosols, which triggers an additional cleaning effect.

Exemplary embodiments of superstructures are:

Example 1: Creating a parking space

A parking lot for cars of construction class 1.0 first receives a suitable water-permeable base layer made of 26cm gravel from Lavalit 2-32mm with which water-storing perlite is mixed into the cavities and 12cm water-permeable bonded asphalt base layer PA 16. A water-permeable top layer of the grain size is created on this structure L-3mm or 2-5mm made with light-colored aggregates and alternative binders with open pores. The albedo value of 0.25 reflects the sun's rays. Example 2: Construction of a city street of construction class 3.2

The substructure is initially given a suitable, water-permeable base layer of 28cm crushed stone 2-32mm, with which water-storing expanded clay is mixed into the cavities. Then 10 cm of water-permeable asphalt base layer PA 32 and 8 cm water-permeable asphalt base layer PA 16 are introduced. A water-permeable top layer of grain size 1-3 mm or 2-5 mm with light-colored aggregates and clear alternative binders is created with open pores, so that an albedo is created Value of 0.3 is reached.

Example 3: making a walkway

On a water-storing base layer, water-permeable paving slabs or similar stones or a water-permeable concrete base layer are built. Surface water is stored in the unbound base layer (e.g. gravel 5-32mm with Liapor as a water reservoir) and allows it to evaporate again.

As described above, the surface is sealed in conventional superstructures, in particular road structures. Surface water is sometimes collected in appropriate collecting basins and / or supplied to sewage treatment plants. In many cases, however, it simply seeps into the adjacent soil.

In this context, it is relevant that tire and brake wear result in fine dust and microplastic material.

According to a definition by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from 2008, microplastics are plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. According to the, the largest proportion of microplastics in the environment (approx. 33%) comes from

Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology for Tire and Road Abrasion. In Germany, this amounts to around 330,000 tonnes of micro-plastics or around 4 kg per person. These amounts of pollutants pollute the soil; Water contaminated with this can only be treated inadequately in many sewage treatment plants and comparable cleaning devices. Among other things, microplastics are discharged unfiltered with the rainwater via the sewage system into the rivers and the sea.

Therefore, the superstructure defined here optionally has at least one filter layer which is designed to filter fine dust and microplastic particles. The filter layer is optionally designed as a flat structure. It optionally extends essentially over the entire surface and in particular within the superstructure. Optionally, it extends below the bound, water-permeable top layer and further optionally below, optionally directly adjacent to, the unbound and water-storing base layer.

The filter layer is preferably water-permeable.

Optionally, the filter layer is designed with fine pores in such a way that it filters out fine dust particles and / or microplastic particles from safe water that penetrates the superstructure at least partially, preferably at least 80%, further optionally at least 90%, and further optionally at least 95%.

Optionally, the filter layer is at least partially made of a textile material. Optionally, the filter layer is at least partially, preferably mainly Lich, designed as a flexible textile fabric. Optionally, the filter layer has a fleece material or a similar fine dust and / or microplastic filter material, and in particular a fiber of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments) or cut yarns that are combined to form a fleece, in particular a fiber layer and / or a fiber pile and have been joined to one another; Optionally also included are layers that are produced by crossing or intertwining yarns, as happens in weaving, warp knitting, lace manufacture, braiding and the manufacture of tufted products. Optionally, the filter layer has at least partially a mechanically consolidated and UV-stabilized, and in particular a PP nonwoven, for example PT 16-PT30.

Optionally, the geotextile robustness class corresponds to filter layer 3-5.

Optionally, the filter layer has a weight per unit area according to DIN ESO 9864 of 165 g / m ² -330 g / m ² .

Optionally, the filter layer has a thickness between 1mm - 2mm, optionally 1.1mm - 1.6mm.

Optionally, the filter layer has an opening width according to DIN EN ISO of 65-75 gm.

Optionally, the filter layer has a water permeability (normal to the plane) according to DIN EN ISO 12956 of 28-70 lm ² s.

Optionally, the filter layer has a water drainage capacity in the plane with a load of 20 kPa according to DIN EN ISO 12958 of 1.80E-0.3 - 6.10E-0.3.

Optionally, the filter layer is made, in particular partially of plastic, in such a way that it has a useful life of at least 25 years in a soil with a pH value> 4 or <9 and a soil temperature <25 degrees Celsius.

Optionally, the filter layer is designed as a flexible flat structure in such a way that it can be stored as a roll when it is not installed.

The filter layer optionally has a width of 2.0 m - 6.0 m and / or a length of 100 m.

Optionally, the filter layer is made up of several flat structures, in particular running essentially parallel next to one another and / or in a crossed position. arranges. Optionally, the filter layer has overlapping joints of the planar structures running essentially parallel to one another.

It should be mentioned that at least one of the filter layers defined above can be arranged in any other superstructure, and in particular road structure, comprising at least one cover layer and at least one base layer.

The above filter layer and all specifications, in particular the filter layer, can be integrated identically into the method according to the invention disclosed here, with the optional fact that the filter layer can optionally be used in any other conventional installation method for an in particular conventional superstructure.

Further embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims. In the following, the invention will be based on exemplary embodiments, which are explained in more detail by the accompanying drawings. Here show schematically:

1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of the superstructure according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the unbound base layer according to FIG. 1; FIG. and

Fig. 3 is a cross section through a further embodiment of the superstructure according to the Invention.

In the following, the same reference numbers are used for identical and identically acting components, with high indices sometimes being used to distinguish them.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning, and in particular a meaning as generally understood by one of ordinary skill in the art when used in connection with the description and the drawings be interpreted. It is also understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, in be interpreted in terms of the technical field relevant here, and not in an idealized or in an exaggeratedly formal sense, unless this is explicitly defined. In certain cases, a detailed description of well-known devices and methods can be dispensed with in order to avoid redundancy in the description. The description of specific embodiments and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a”, “der / die / das” may also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related items listed. It goes without saying that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” indicate the presence of named features, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. Furthermore, it is to be understood that if a particular step of a method is indicated as following another step, it can directly follow this other step or one or more intermediate steps can be carried out before the particular step is carried out, unless otherwise stated is. In the same way, it should be understood that when a connection between structures or components is described, that connection can be made directly or through intermediate structures or components, unless otherwise specified. Reference is made in its entirety to the disclosure content of all publications, patent applications, patents and other literature mentioned here. In the event of a conflict, this specification, including its definitions, applies.

The invention is described here with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, the invention can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, the embodiments are set forth herein so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art in full but exemplary fashion. The description of the exemplary embodiments is intended to be read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form part of the entire written description should apply. In the drawings, the absolute and relative sizes of systems, components, layers, and areas may be exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Embodiments can be described using schematic and / or cross-sectional-like illustrations, idealized embodiments and intermediate structures of the invention. Relative terms, as well as their derivatives, should be understood to refer to the orientation as described or shown there in the drawing just discussed. These relative terms are used for a clearer description and do not require that the system has to be set up or operated in a specific orientation, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise. Any of the disclosed devices or parts thereof can be combined together or divided into further parts, unless specifically stated otherwise. The mere fact that certain measures are listed in one another in the various sections or claims is not intended to imply that a combination of these measures cannot advantageously be taken. In particular, all conceivable combinations of the claims should be viewed as inherently disclosed. In this description, words such as “substantially”, “approximately” or “generally / generally” are to be interpreted to include at least deviations of a dimension of 10% or less, preferably 5% or less, or deviations from a shape that would fall within the scope of the relevant definition to one skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.

For the sake of clarity and for the sake of a more stringent description, features are mostly described here as part of one or separate embodiments; however, it goes without saying that the scope of the invention can also include embodiments that have combinations of all or some of the features described.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of the superstructure 1 according to the invention for a street or a similar traffic route 100. This traffic route 100 is also shown schematically here, with the superstructure 1 and at least one following base layer 8 or lower layer 8 or the like layers. In a particular example, this layer 8 can be designed as a fourth layer, which can be installed as an additional stabilization layer, in particular in the case of substructures with little load-bearing strength. It is optionally made of crushed stone or a similar angular, broken mineral material with a grain size between 32 to 63 mm. The substructure made available for the superstructure is not shown here in detail. It should be mentioned that layer 8 can also represent a substructure of the traffic route. All construction variations known from the prior art are conceivable here

The superstructure 1 comprises, viewed in a sequence from top to bottom, at least one bonded, water-permeable cover layer 2, which is produced using the cold mixing method. Reference is made here to all of the sections mentioned above, in which it is described how such a cover layer can be constructed. The cover layer optionally has a synthetic resin-based binder. It also has a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18 and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35 au. This leads to an increased reflection of the solar radiation, but nevertheless contributes to the evaporation, as mentioned below, of the water quantities stored in the base layers below.

Instead of the top layer 2, which is produced using the cold mixing process, a cover layer can also be used which is produced using the cold or hot mixing process and comprises the following: At least one light-colored binder, produced from an originally colored by means of light-colored pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide dark and especially black binder, which in particular has the hardness level B50 / 70 or B 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified binder, and in particular a binder based on synthetic resin; and pale rocks and / or sands; wherein the cover layer 2 likewise has a retroreflective albedo value, a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35 .

The top layer 2 is followed by a water-permeable, in particular bituminous, cement ment, synthetic resin or the like adhesive, bonded base layer 4. Here, too, reference is made to all sections in the previous part. Under this water-permeable, bound base layer 4, a water-storing and water-permeable, unbound base layer 6 is arranged.

This unbound base layer 6 consists, as already described in detail in the introductory part, of at least one water-storing mineral fill 10, in particular a rock fill of grain size 2 to 56 mm, preferably 5 to 32 mm, and one of the cavities of the mineral fill 10 at least partially filling water-storing filler bed 12 with a smaller grain size, the water-storing filler bed 12 having at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% perlite and / or expanded clay and / or Liapor or the like having porous and water-storing fillers . Such an embodiment is shown in detail in FIG.

The superstructure is optionally designed in such a way that surface water 20, in particular rainwater, is passed on via the bound cover layer 2 and the bound base layer 4 to the unbound base layer 6. There the water is stored in the water-storing filler bed 12 and optionally in the mineral filler 10, with excess quantities of the water seeping into the soil below. This is shown by way of example by the arrows 9, 19.

All of the special embodiments shown in the introductory parts can also be taken from FIGS. In this respect, reference is made here to all of these previous areas.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of the superstructure according to the invention. The superstructure corresponds essentially to the superstructure according to FIG. 1, and can have all the corresponding specifications as mentioned herein. The superstructure can also be a conventional superstructure, comprising at least one cover layer and at least one base layer. Additionally According to the invention, a filter layer 11 is arranged here. The filter layer extends optionally below the bound water-permeable cover layer 2, further optionally below, optionally directly adjacent to the unbound and water-storing support layer 6. Optionally, the filter layer 11 is designed as a flat structure. It optionally extends essentially over the entire surface and in particular within the superstructure 1.

For further optional configurations of the filter layer 11 shown, reference is made to the general section above.

Reference number

1 superstructure

2 top layer

4 bound base course 6 unbound base course

8 fourth layer and / or substructure

10 mineral filler

11 filter layer

12 filler fill

Claims

Claims l. Superstructure (1) for a road or the like traffic route (100), comprehensively, viewed in a sequence from top to bottom,

• at least one bonded, water-permeable cover layer (2), which is produced using the cold mixing process and in particular has a synthetic resin-based binder; or o that is produced in a cold or hot mix process, comprising:

^{■ At} least one light-colored binding agent, produced from an originally dark and especially black binding agent colored by means of light-colored pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide, which has a hardness level of B50 / 70 or B 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified binding agent , and in particular binders based on synthetic resin; and pale rocks and / or sands; o wherein the cover layer (2) has a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35;

• at least one water-permeable, in particular bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the like adhesive, bonded base layer (4); and

• At least one water-storing and water-permeable, unbound base layer (6), consisting of: o at least one water-storing mineral filler (10), in particular rock filler with a grain size of 2-56mm, preferably 5-32mm; and o a water-storing filler fill (12) with a smaller grain size which at least partially fills the cavities of the mineral filler (10), the water-storing filler filler (12) at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% perlite and / or expanded clay and / or Liapor or the like has porous and water-storing fillers, the superstructure (1) optionally being designed in such a way that water and in particular rainwater (20) via the bound cover layer (2) and the bound base layer (4) to the unbound Base course (6) and there in the mine ralstoffschüttung (10) and in the water-storing filler bed (12) is stored, with excess quantities of the water seeping into the underneath ter lying soil.

2. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unbound base layer (6), in particular with a built-up layer thickness of 30cm-50cm, has a void content of 15-35% at least partially filled with the water-storing filler bed (12), preferably 20% - 30%

3. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, d a d ur c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the unbound base layer (6) has an O-grain content of a maximum of 5%, optionally a maximum of 2% and further optionally of essentially 0%.

4. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, dad ur chgekisiert that the unbound base layer (6) has a fluid storage capacity of 30-150 liters / m ² and / or the superstructure (1) has a fluid storage capacity of at least 50-200 liters / has m ² .

5. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, dad ur chgekisiert that the mineral fill (10) at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% lavalite and / or a water-storing mineral fill, comprising at least one from the group of lavalite , Basalt, quartzite, granite, greywacke, porphyry, moraine.

6. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, dad ur chgekisiert that the bound water-permeable cover layer (2) has a particularly light-colored bulk material which is bound with a binder, wherein the bulk material has at least 70%, optionally at least 90% and further optionally essentially 100% a grain size of 1-3mm and / or 2-5mm and / or 1-5mm and / or an installation thickness of maximum 3 cm, optionally a maximum of 2 cm, and further optionally a grain size of 2-11mm or 5-8mm or 8-11mm with a thickness of 3-5cm.

7. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bonded top layer (2) has a water permeability of k> 0.01 cm / s and / or a void content of 25% -35%, optionally 20% -30% shows.

8. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, dad ur chgekisiert that the thickness of the bound top layer (2) and the bound and unbound base layers (6, 8) depending on the guidelines for the standardization of the superstructure of traffic areas in the Federal Republic of Germany As of 2012 (RStO 12) and the load class to be expected acting on the superstructure (1) is selected, whereby the table value of the RStO 12 of an asphalt surface layer is assumed to measure the thickness of the bonded surface layer (2) and a reduction value of 25 - 40%, optionally by 30 -35%, and, to measure the thickness of the lowest bound base layer, the corresponding table value of the RStO 12 is increased by this reduction value.

9. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, d a d ur c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the bonded base layer (4) is made of 1, 2 or 3 layers.

10. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, dad ur chgekisiert that the thermal conductivities of the cover layer (2) and the support layers (6, 8) are designed in such a way that the stored water, especially in dry periods, evaporates and is released into the environment as water vapor.

11. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, d a d ur c h g e n n z e i c h n e t that at least one filter layer is provided which is designed for filtering fine dust particles and microplastic particles and optionally extends essentially over the entire surface and in particular within the superstructure.

12. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, in particular to claim 11, characterized in that the filter layer is designed as a flat structure, and is located below the bound water-permeable cover layer and further optionally below half, optionally directly adjacent to, the unbound and wasserspei-chierenden base layer extends.

13. Superstructure according to one of the preceding claims, in particular one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the filter layer is designed with fine pores in such a way that it contains fine dust material and / or microplastic material from safe water that penetrates the superstructure, at least partially, preferably closed at least 80%, further optionally at least 90%, and further optionally at least 95% filtered out.

14. Track according to one of the preceding claims, in particular one of claims 11-13, dad ur chgekisiert that the filter layer is at least partially, preferably mainly, designed as a flexible, flat textile structure.

15. A method for producing a superstructure for a road or similar traffic route, comprising the following steps:

• Application of at least one water-storing and water-permeable, unbound base layer (6), consisting of at least one optionally water-storing mineral filler (10), in particular stone filler with a grain size of 2-56mm, preferably 5-32mm, and one of the cavities of the mineral filler (10) at least partially filling, water-storing filler bed (12) with a smaller grain size, in particular as a mixture on a substructure, with the water-storing filler bed (12) at least 50%, optionally at least 75% and further optionally at least 95% perlite and / or expanded clay and / or Liapor or the like has porous and water-storing fillers;

• applying at least one water-permeable, in particular bituminous, cement, synthetic resin or the like adhesive, bonded base layer (4) to the unbound base layer (6); and

• Application of at least one water-permeable, bonded top layer (2), the bonded top layer (2) being produced in the cold mixing process and in particular a synthetic resin-based binder and a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally> 0.18 , and / or <0.6, and further optionally from 0.25-0.35; or o a bonded, water-permeable cover layer (2), in particular with a thickness between 2 and 5 cm, which is produced using the cold or hot mixing process, comprising:

^{■ At} least one light-colored binder, produced from an originally dark and especially black binder colored by means of light pigments, such as Bayferrox or titanium dioxide, which in particular has the hardness level B50 / 70 or B 30/45 or B 20/30, or a polymer-modified binder materials, and in particular synthetic resin-based binders; and ^■ light-colored rocks and / or sands; in which

^■ the cover layer (2) has a retroreflective albedo value of> 0.15, optionally of> 0.18, and / or <0.6, and further optionally of 0.25-0.35.