WO2021122006A1 - Braking system for a hand-held power tool, comprising at least one braking unit - Google Patents

Braking system for a hand-held power tool, comprising at least one braking unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021122006A1
WO2021122006A1 PCT/EP2020/084299 EP2020084299W WO2021122006A1 WO 2021122006 A1 WO2021122006 A1 WO 2021122006A1 EP 2020084299 W EP2020084299 W EP 2020084299W WO 2021122006 A1 WO2021122006 A1 WO 2021122006A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power tool
sma cable
actuator
brake system
rechargeable battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/084299
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Daniel Dennis
Florian Esenwein
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2021122006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021122006A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25FCOMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
    • B25F5/001Gearings, speed selectors, clutches or the like specially adapted for rotary tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27BSAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B5/00Sawing machines working with circular or cylindrical saw blades; Components or equipment therefor
    • B27B5/29Details; Component parts; Accessories
    • B27B5/38Devices for braking the circular saw blade or the saw spindle; Devices for damping vibrations of the circular saw blade, e.g. silencing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27GACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G19/00Safety guards or devices specially adapted for wood saws; Auxiliary devices facilitating proper operation of wood saws
    • B27G19/02Safety guards or devices specially adapted for wood saws; Auxiliary devices facilitating proper operation of wood saws for circular saws
    • B27G19/04Safety guards or devices specially adapted for wood saws; Auxiliary devices facilitating proper operation of wood saws for circular saws for manually-operated power-driven circular saws

Definitions

  • the advantage of the invention is a braking system for a handheld power tool with at least one braking unit, the braking unit braking an electromotive drive of the handheld power tool.
  • the security for a user can thus advantageously be increased.
  • the brake unit is actuated by at least one actuator, with energy being drawn from at least one rechargeable battery, in particular the rechargeable battery required to operate the handheld power tool, to trigger the actuator.
  • the energy of the rechargeable battery can advantageously be used for safety braking.
  • the actuator is preferably designed as an SMA cable (shape memory alloy).
  • the SMA cable 18 should be heated to approx. 80-100 ° C. in less than 1 ms.
  • the SMA cable can advantageously be controlled via a voltage that is significantly higher than the supply voltage of the handheld power tool.
  • the SMA cable can advantageously be controlled directly via the supply voltage of the handheld power tool. In this way, an inexpensive braking system can be realized.
  • Figure 1 a handheld power tool according to the invention and a
  • Figure 2 an embodiment of an actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation
  • Figure 3 a further embodiment of the actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 4 a further embodiment of the actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a brake system 10 for a handheld power tool 12 with a brake unit 14.
  • the brake unit 14 brakes an electromotive drive 16 of the handheld power tool 12, in particular an electric motor.
  • the Brake unit 14 is actuated by an actuator 18. To trigger the actuator 18, energy is drawn from a rechargeable battery 20, in particular the rechargeable battery 20 required to operate the handheld power tool 12.
  • the actuator 18 is preferably designed as an SMA cable.
  • the SMA cable 18 should be heated to approx. 80-100 ° C. in less than 1 ms. As a result of this heating, the SMA cable 18 contracts suddenly and thereby releases the brake unit 14.
  • the brake unit 14 is preferably spring-loaded.
  • the electrical energy is required to heat the SMA cable 18.
  • the electrical energy is provided via an energy store 24.
  • the energy store 24 is designed as a capacitor or as a battery. Since the current to be delivered is limited, the charging voltage of the energy store 24 must be high in order to obtain the required energy.
  • the charging voltage is between 100-200V, preferably between 100 and 150V.
  • the charging voltage is in particular greater than 100V.
  • the charging voltage of the capacitor should be approx. 100V in order to deliver a current of approx. 250A.
  • This current is required to heat the SMA cable 18 from 20 ° C. to 90 ° C. in less than 1 ms.
  • the energy of a cost-effective capacitor that can still be built in size would not be sufficient to heat the SMA cable 18 quickly enough.
  • the supply voltage of hand machine tools with a rechargeable battery 20 is typically 3.6V to 60V, in particular 10.8V to 36V.
  • converter element 26 is used.
  • the converter element 26 can be designed as a DC / DC converter or as a charge pump.
  • the converter element 26 is arranged between the rechargeable battery 20 of the handheld power tool 12 and the energy store 24 for triggering the SMA cable 18.
  • the converter element 26 is supplied either directly via the rechargeable battery 20 or via electronics 28.
  • the converter element 26 and the energy store 24 can either be installed on a separate electronics module or directly on the electronics 28.
  • a rechargeable battery 20 consisting of at least one cell and with an internal resistance of typically 50 to 10 mOhm, in particular less than 20 mOhm) results in a current greater than 100A to 1000A when shorted. If this high current flows for a period of time that is greater than 1 second, the rechargeable battery 20 is irreparably damaged. If the full short-circuit current flows through the SMA cable 18 for a period of time greater than 1 second, the SMA cable 18 is overloaded and as a result burns out.
  • FIG. 2 shows a solution in which the SMA cable 18 can nevertheless be heated directly via the rechargeable battery 20.
  • the SMA cable 18 is connected to the rechargeable battery 20 via a voltage-controlled semiconductor 30, with which the current can be influenced connected.
  • the semiconductor 30, which controls a current, is implemented as a MOSFET.
  • the SMA cable 18 is connected to the rechargeable battery 20 via the latter.
  • the short-circuit current has risen to such an extent that the SMA cable is sufficiently heated.
  • the MOSFET 30 is opened again.
  • the opening of the MOSFET 30 can take place in a time-controlled manner by measuring the current level.
  • the opening of the MOSFET 30 can, however, also be controlled via a mechanical switching element which is connected to the SMA cable 18.
  • the MOSFET 30 is deleted after a defined time, which is preferably less than 5 ms. Within the 5 ms, the SMA cable 18 is heated by the short-circuit current of the rechargeable battery 20 and the elongation is brought about.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment variant in which the current is measured directly via a measuring resistor 32.
  • the measuring resistor 32 is designed as a shunt.
  • the current is measured via an indirect measurement such as a Hall sensor that detects the magnetic flux in the conductor.
  • the SMA cable 18 itself as a shunt 32.
  • the voltage drop across the SMA cable 18 is measured and evaluated. If the current exceeds a defined threshold value, the MOSFET 30 is deleted.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b each show a circuit for the mechanical control of the MOSFET 30.
  • the SMA cable 18a and the actuator 18b are designed separately.
  • a stopper 40 is arranged on the actuator 18b.
  • the SMA cable 18a is connected at one end to the stopper 40 of the actuator 18b and at the other end to the rechargeable battery 20. If the SMA cable 18a is energized, it shortens and releases the spring-loaded actuator 18b. The actuator 18b loses contact with the stopper 40 and opens the circuit that connects the SMA cable 18a to the rechargeable battery 20, see FIG. 4b. The SMA cable 18a is then no longer heated.
  • the SMA cable 18 is dimensioned in such a way that it specifically burns through and thus serves as a fuse.
  • the circuit opens and the rechargeable battery 20 is brought into a safe state.
  • the SMA cable 18a is activated by means of current pulses, should a longer activation (> 1 ms) of the SMA actuator 18 be necessary.
  • the SMA cable 18a must remain shortened against the spring force during this time. As soon as the heating subsides, the spring element of the actuator 18b otherwise presses the actuator 18b back into the starting position. To avoid this, the SMA cable 18a has to be heated for longer. Applying such a high current, which is required for sudden heating of the SMA cable 18a, has the consequence that the SMA cable 18a burns through as a result of excessive heating.
  • the aim is that the SMA cable 18a can be heated suddenly over a prolonged period of time.
  • the MOSFET 30 is preferably controlled via a pController.
  • the MOSFET In the first time interval, which lasts approximately 1 ms, the MOSFET is fully switched on, so that the maximum current flows via the SMA cable 18a.
  • the SMA cable 18a is heated to the required temperature in the same time.
  • the MOSFET is switched on and off cyclically, i.e. the current is pulse modulated. As a result, the current in this area is kept significantly lower on average. Due to the lower current, the duration of the withdrawal can be extended. In the last phase the MOSFET is completely switched through again.

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking system (10) for a hand-held power tool (12), comprising at least one braking unit (14), wherein the braking unit (14) brakes an electromotive drive (16) of the hand-held power tool (12), the braking unit (14) being actuated by at least one actuator (18). It is proposed that energy is drawn from at least one rechargeable battery (20), in particular the rechargeable battery (20) required for the operation of the hand-held power tool (12), for triggering the actuator (18).

Description

Beschreibung description
Titel title
Bremssystem für eine Handwerkzeugmaschine mit mindestens einer Bremseinheit Brake system for a handheld power tool with at least one brake unit
Stand der Technik State of the art
Offenbarung der Erfindung Disclosure of the invention
Vorteil der Erfindung ist Bremssystem für eine Handwerkzeugmaschine mit mindestens einer Bremseinheit , wobei die Bremseinheit einen elektromotorischen Antrieb der Handwerkzeugmaschine abbremst. Somit kann vorteilhaft die Sicherheit für einen Anwender erhöht werden. The advantage of the invention is a braking system for a handheld power tool with at least one braking unit, the braking unit braking an electromotive drive of the handheld power tool. The security for a user can thus advantageously be increased.
Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Bremseinheit durch mindestens einen Aktor betätigt wird, wobei zur Auslösung des Aktors Energie aus mindestens einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie, insbesondere der zum Betrieb der Handwerkzeugmaschine benötigten wiederaufladbaren Batterie, bezogen wird. So kann vorteilhaft die Energie der wiederaufladbaren Batterie für die Sicherheitsbremsung genutzt werden. It is proposed that the brake unit is actuated by at least one actuator, with energy being drawn from at least one rechargeable battery, in particular the rechargeable battery required to operate the handheld power tool, to trigger the actuator. In this way, the energy of the rechargeable battery can advantageously be used for safety braking.
Der Aktor ist vorzugsweise als SMA- Kabel (shape memory alloy) ausgebildet. The actuator is preferably designed as an SMA cable (shape memory alloy).
Zu einer schnellen Auslösung der Bremseinheit 14, sollte das SMA-Kabel 18 in weniger als 1ms auf ca. 80-100°C erwärmt werden. For a quick release of the braking unit 14, the SMA cable 18 should be heated to approx. 80-100 ° C. in less than 1 ms.
Vorteilhaft kann das SMA Kabel über eine, gegenüber der Versorgungsspannung der Handwerkzeugmaschine deutlich höheren Spannung angesteuert werden. Vorteilhaft kann das SMA Kabel direkt über die Versorgungsspannung der Handwerkzeugmaschine angesteuert werden. Somit kann ein kostengünstiges Bremssystem realisiert werden. The SMA cable can advantageously be controlled via a voltage that is significantly higher than the supply voltage of the handheld power tool. The SMA cable can advantageously be controlled directly via the supply voltage of the handheld power tool. In this way, an inexpensive braking system can be realized.
Weitere Vorteile und zweckmäßige Ausführungen sind der Figurenbeschreibung und den Zeichnungen zu entnehmen. Further advantages and useful designs can be found in the description of the figures and the drawings.
Zeichnungen drawings
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1: eine erfindungsgemäße Handwerkzeugmaschine und einFigure 1: a handheld power tool according to the invention and a
Bremssystem der Handwerkzeugmaschine in schematischer Darstellung, Brake system of the hand machine tool in a schematic representation,
Figur 2: eine Ausführungsform eines Aktors des Bremssystems in schematischer Darstellung, Figure 2: an embodiment of an actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation,
Figur 3: eine weitere Ausführungsform des Aktors des Bremssystems in schematischer Darstellung, Figure 3: a further embodiment of the actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation,
Figur 4: eine weitere Ausführungsform des Aktors des Bremssystems in schematischer Darstellung. FIG. 4: a further embodiment of the actuator of the brake system in a schematic representation.
Beschreibung description
Für die in den unterschiedlichen Ausführungsbeispielen vorkommenden gleichen Bauteile werden dieselben Bezugszahlen verwendet. The same reference numbers are used for the same components occurring in the different exemplary embodiments.
Figur 1 zeigt ein Bremssystem 10 für eine Handwerkzeugmaschine 12 mit einer Bremseinheit 14. Die Bremseinheit 14 bremst einen elektromotorischen Antrieb 16 der Handwerkzeugmaschine 12, insbesondere einen Elektromotor. Die Bremseinheit 14 wird durch einen Aktor 18 betätigt. Zur Auslösung des Aktors 18 wird Energie aus einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20, insbesondere der zum Betrieb der Handwerkzeugmaschine 12 benötigten wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20, bezogen. FIG. 1 shows a brake system 10 for a handheld power tool 12 with a brake unit 14. The brake unit 14 brakes an electromotive drive 16 of the handheld power tool 12, in particular an electric motor. The Brake unit 14 is actuated by an actuator 18. To trigger the actuator 18, energy is drawn from a rechargeable battery 20, in particular the rechargeable battery 20 required to operate the handheld power tool 12.
Der Aktor 18 ist vorzugsweise als SMA-Kabel ausgebildet. Zu einer schnellen Auslösung der Bremseinheit 14, sollte das SMA-Kabel 18 in weniger als 1ms auf ca. 80-100°C erwärmt werden. Durch diese Erwärmung zieht sich das SMA- Kabel 18 schlagartig zusammen und gibt hierdurch die Bremseinheit 14 frei. Die Bremseinheit 14 ist vorzugsweise federvorgespannt. The actuator 18 is preferably designed as an SMA cable. For a quick release of the braking unit 14, the SMA cable 18 should be heated to approx. 80-100 ° C. in less than 1 ms. As a result of this heating, the SMA cable 18 contracts suddenly and thereby releases the brake unit 14. The brake unit 14 is preferably spring-loaded.
Zur Erwärmung des SMA-Kabels 18 wird elektrische Energie benötigt. Die elektrische Energie wird über einen Energiespeicher 24 bereitgestellt. Der Energiespeicher 24 ist als Kondensator oder als Akku ausgebildet. Da der abzugebende Strom begrenzt ist, muss die Ladespannung des Energiespeichers 24 hoch sein, um die benötigte Energie zu erhalten. Die Ladespannung liegt zwischen 100 -200V, bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 150V. Die Ladespannung beträgt insbesondere größer 100V. Electrical energy is required to heat the SMA cable 18. The electrical energy is provided via an energy store 24. The energy store 24 is designed as a capacitor or as a battery. Since the current to be delivered is limited, the charging voltage of the energy store 24 must be high in order to obtain the required energy. The charging voltage is between 100-200V, preferably between 100 and 150V. The charging voltage is in particular greater than 100V.
Als Beispiel sollte bei einem Kondensator 24 mit einer Kapazität von 6.800pF die Ladespannung des Kondensators ca. 100V betragen, um einen Strom von ca. 250 A abzugeben. Dieser Strom wird benötigt, um das SMA-Kabel 18 in weniger als 1 ms von 20°C auf 90°C zu erwärmen. As an example, with a capacitor 24 with a capacity of 6,800pF, the charging voltage of the capacitor should be approx. 100V in order to deliver a current of approx. 250A. This current is required to heat the SMA cable 18 from 20 ° C. to 90 ° C. in less than 1 ms.
Würde die Ladespannung des Kondensators 24 gleich der Versorgungsspannung der Handwerkzeugmaschine 12 betragen, würde die Energie eines in der Größe noch verbaubaren und kosteneffektiven Kondensators nicht ausreichen, um das SMA-Kabel 18 schnell genug zu erwärmen. If the charging voltage of the capacitor 24 were equal to the supply voltage of the hand-held power tool 12, the energy of a cost-effective capacitor that can still be built in size would not be sufficient to heat the SMA cable 18 quickly enough.
Die Versorgungsspannung von Handwerkzeugmaschinen mit einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 beträgt typischerweise 3,6V bis 60V, insbesondere 10,8V bis 36V. Um eine Ladespannung von 100 V für den Energiespeicher zu erreichen, wird Wandlerelement 26 eingesetzt. Das Wandlerelement 26 kann als DC/DC Wandler oder als Ladungspumpe ausgeführt sein. The supply voltage of hand machine tools with a rechargeable battery 20 is typically 3.6V to 60V, in particular 10.8V to 36V. In order to achieve a charging voltage of 100 V for the energy store, converter element 26 is used. The converter element 26 can be designed as a DC / DC converter or as a charge pump.
Das Wandlerelement 26 ist zwischen der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 der Handwerkzeugmaschine 12 und dem Energiespeicher 24 für die Auslösung des SMA- Kabels 18 angeordnet. The converter element 26 is arranged between the rechargeable battery 20 of the handheld power tool 12 and the energy store 24 for triggering the SMA cable 18.
Das Wandlerelement 26 wird werden hierbei entweder direkt über der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 oder über eine Elektronik 28 versorgt. Das Wandlerelement 26 und der Energiespeicher 24 können entweder auf einem separaten Elektronikmodul oder direkt mit auf der Elektronik 28 verbaut werden. The converter element 26 is supplied either directly via the rechargeable battery 20 or via electronics 28. The converter element 26 and the energy store 24 can either be installed on a separate electronics module or directly on the electronics 28.
Es gibt auch die Möglichkeit einer Ansteuerung des SMA Kabels 18 direkt über die wiederaufladbare Batterie 20. There is also the possibility of controlling the SMA cable 18 directly via the rechargeable battery 20.
Steht zur Erwärmung des SMA Kabels 18 nur die Spannung der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 (3,6V bis 60V, insbesondere 10,8V bis 36V) zur Verfügung, wird ein schlagartiger anliegender sehr hoher Strom benötigt. If only the voltage of the rechargeable battery 20 (3.6V to 60V, in particular 10.8V to 36V) is available to heat the SMA cable 18, a sudden very high current is required.
Eine wiederaufladbare Batterie 20 bestehend aus mindestens einer Zelle und mit einem Innenwiederstand von Typischerweise 50 bis lOmOhm, insbesondere kleiner als 20mOhm) hat beim Kurzschließen einen Strom größer 100A bis 1000A zur Folge. Fließt dieser hohe Strom über einem Zeitraum, der größer als 1 Sekunde beträgt, wird die wiederaufladbare Batterie 20 irreparabel beschädigt. Fließt der volle Kurzschlusstrom über einen Zeitraum, der größer als 1 Sekunde beträgt, durch das SMA Kabel 18, wird das SMA Kabel 18 überlastet und brennt in Folge dessen durch. A rechargeable battery 20 consisting of at least one cell and with an internal resistance of typically 50 to 10 mOhm, in particular less than 20 mOhm) results in a current greater than 100A to 1000A when shorted. If this high current flows for a period of time that is greater than 1 second, the rechargeable battery 20 is irreparably damaged. If the full short-circuit current flows through the SMA cable 18 for a period of time greater than 1 second, the SMA cable 18 is overloaded and as a result burns out.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Lösung, bei der das SMA Kabel 18 dennoch direkt über die wiederaufladbare Batterie 20 erwärmt werden kann. FIG. 2 shows a solution in which the SMA cable 18 can nevertheless be heated directly via the rechargeable battery 20.
Hierbei wird das SMA-Kabel 18 über einen spannungsgesteuerten Halbleiter 30, mit dem der Strom beeinflusst werden kann, mit der wiederaufladbare Batterie 20 verbunden. Der Halbleiter 30, der einen Strom steuert, ist als MOSFET ausgeführt. Here, the SMA cable 18 is connected to the rechargeable battery 20 via a voltage-controlled semiconductor 30, with which the current can be influenced connected. The semiconductor 30, which controls a current, is implemented as a MOSFET.
Durch Aktivierung des MOSFET 30 wird des SMA Kabel 18 über diesen mit der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 verbunden. Innerhalb einer Zeit, die kleiner als 1ms ist, ist der Kurzschlussstrom soweit angestiegen, dass das SMA Kabel ausreichend erwärmt ist. Nach Erwärmung des SMA-Kabels 18 wird der MOSFET 30 wieder geöffnet. Das Öffnen des MOSFET 30 kann zeitgesteuert erfolgen, indem die Stromhöhe gemessen wird. Das Öffnen des MOSFET 30 kann aber auch über ein mechanisches Schaltelement, welches mit dem SMA Kabel 18 verbunden ist, gesteuert werden. By activating the MOSFET 30, the SMA cable 18 is connected to the rechargeable battery 20 via the latter. Within a time that is less than 1 ms, the short-circuit current has risen to such an extent that the SMA cable is sufficiently heated. After the SMA cable 18 has been heated, the MOSFET 30 is opened again. The opening of the MOSFET 30 can take place in a time-controlled manner by measuring the current level. The opening of the MOSFET 30 can, however, also be controlled via a mechanical switching element which is connected to the SMA cable 18.
Bei einer zeitgesteuerten Steuerung des MOSFETs 30 wird der MOSFET 30 nach einer definierten Zeit, die bevorzugt kleiner 5ms beträgt, gelöscht. Innerhalb der 5ms wird das SMA Kabel 18 über den Kurzschlussstrom der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 erwärmt und die Längendehnung herbeigeführt. With a time-controlled control of the MOSFET 30, the MOSFET 30 is deleted after a defined time, which is preferably less than 5 ms. Within the 5 ms, the SMA cable 18 is heated by the short-circuit current of the rechargeable battery 20 and the elongation is brought about.
Bei einer stromgesteuerten Steuerung des MOSFETs 30 wird der Strom gemessen und ausgewertet. Figur 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsvariante, bei der Strom direkt über einen Messwiderstand 32 gemessen wird. Der Messwiderstand 32 ist als Shunt ausgeführt. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass der Strom über eine indirekte Messung wie einen Hallsensor, der den magnetischen Fluss im Leiter erfasst wird. Es ist aber auch denkbar, das SMA-Kabel 18 selbst als Shunt 32 zu verwenden. Hierbei wird der Spannungsabfall über das SMA-Kabel 18 gemessen und ausgewertet. Übersteigt der Strom einen definierten Schwellwert, wird der MOSFET 30 gelöscht. With a current-controlled control of the MOSFET 30, the current is measured and evaluated. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment variant in which the current is measured directly via a measuring resistor 32. The measuring resistor 32 is designed as a shunt. However, it is also conceivable that the current is measured via an indirect measurement such as a Hall sensor that detects the magnetic flux in the conductor. However, it is also conceivable to use the SMA cable 18 itself as a shunt 32. Here, the voltage drop across the SMA cable 18 is measured and evaluated. If the current exceeds a defined threshold value, the MOSFET 30 is deleted.
Die Figuren 4a und 4b zeigen jeweils eine Schaltung zur mechanischen Steuerung des MOSFETs 30. FIGS. 4a and 4b each show a circuit for the mechanical control of the MOSFET 30.
Wie in Figur 4a ersichtlich ist das SMA Kabel 18a und der Aktor 18b getrennt ausgeführt. Am Aktor 18b ist ein Stopper 40 angeordnet. Das SMA-Kabel 18a ist mit einem Ende mit dem Stopper 40 des Aktors 18b verbunden und mit dem anderen Ende mit der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20. Wird das SMA- Kabel 18a bestromt, verkürzt es sich und gibt den Federvorgespannten Aktor 18b frei. Der Aktor 18b verliert den Kontakt zum Stopper 40 und öffnet den Stromkreis, der das SMA-Kabel 18a mit der wiederaufladbaren Batterie 20 verbindet, siehe Figur 4b. Daraufhin wird das SMA-Kabel 18a nicht weiter erwärmt. As can be seen in FIG. 4a, the SMA cable 18a and the actuator 18b are designed separately. A stopper 40 is arranged on the actuator 18b. The SMA cable 18a is connected at one end to the stopper 40 of the actuator 18b and at the other end to the rechargeable battery 20. If the SMA cable 18a is energized, it shortens and releases the spring-loaded actuator 18b. The actuator 18b loses contact with the stopper 40 and opens the circuit that connects the SMA cable 18a to the rechargeable battery 20, see FIG. 4b. The SMA cable 18a is then no longer heated.
Sollte es zu einem Ausfall des MOSFETs 30 kommen, ist das SMA-Kabel 18 so bemessen, dass es gezielt durchbrennt und somit als Sicherung dient. Der Stromkreis öffnet und die wiederaufladbare Batterie 20 wird in einen sicheren Zustand gebracht. Should the MOSFET 30 fail, the SMA cable 18 is dimensioned in such a way that it specifically burns through and thus serves as a fuse. The circuit opens and the rechargeable battery 20 is brought into a safe state.
Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass das SMA-Kabel 18a mittels Strompulse aktiviert wird, sollte eine längere Ansteuerung (>lms) des SMA- Aktors 18 notwendig sein. However, it is also conceivable that the SMA cable 18a is activated by means of current pulses, should a longer activation (> 1 ms) of the SMA actuator 18 be necessary.
Ist es für die Ansteuerung des Aktors 18b erforderlich, den Aktor 18b in einer Zeit, die größer ist als 2ms zu erwärmen, muss das SMA Kabel 18a in dieser Zeit gegen die Federkraft verkürzt bleiben. Sobald die Erwärmung nachlässt, drückt sonst das Federelement des Aktors 18b den Aktor 18b wieder in die Ausgangsstellung zurück. Um dies zu vermeiden muss das SMA- Kabel 18a länger erwärmt werden. Das Anlegen eines so hohen Stromes, der für eine schlagartige Erwärmung des SMA-Kabels 18a benötigt wird, hat zur Folge, dass das SMA- Kabel 18a infolge zu großer Erwärmung durchbrennt. If it is necessary to control the actuator 18b to heat the actuator 18b in a time that is greater than 2 ms, the SMA cable 18a must remain shortened against the spring force during this time. As soon as the heating subsides, the spring element of the actuator 18b otherwise presses the actuator 18b back into the starting position. To avoid this, the SMA cable 18a has to be heated for longer. Applying such a high current, which is required for sudden heating of the SMA cable 18a, has the consequence that the SMA cable 18a burns through as a result of excessive heating.
Ziel ist es, dass das SMA- Kabel 18a schlagartig über eine Längeren Zeitraum erwärmt werden kann. The aim is that the SMA cable 18a can be heated suddenly over a prolonged period of time.
Dazu wird der MOSFET 30 bevorzugt über einen pController angesteuert. For this purpose, the MOSFET 30 is preferably controlled via a pController.
Im ersten Zeitintervall, das ungefähr 1ms dauert, wird der MOSFET voll durchgeschalten, so dass der Maximale Strom über das SMA-Kabel 18a fließt. Das SMA-Kabel 18a wird dabei in derselben Zeit auf die erforderliche Temperatur erwärmt. Nach dem ersten Zeitintervall wird der MOSFET zyklisch ein und aus geschalten, das heißt der Strom wird puls moduliert. Folglich wird der Strom in diesem Bereich im Mittel deutlich geringer gehalten. Bedingt durch den geringeren Strom kann die Zeitdauer der Entnahme verlängert werden. In der letzten Phase wird der MOSFET wieder komplett durchgeschalten. In the first time interval, which lasts approximately 1 ms, the MOSFET is fully switched on, so that the maximum current flows via the SMA cable 18a. The SMA cable 18a is heated to the required temperature in the same time. After the first time interval, the MOSFET is switched on and off cyclically, i.e. the current is pulse modulated. As a result, the current in this area is kept significantly lower on average. Due to the lower current, the duration of the withdrawal can be extended. In the last phase the MOSFET is completely switched through again.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Bremssystem (10) für eine Handwerkzeugmaschine (12) mit mindestens einer Bremseinheit (14), wobei die Bremseinheit (14) einen elektromotorischen Antrieb (16) der Handwerkzeugmaschine (12) abbremst, wobei die Bremseinheit (14) durch mindestens einen Aktor (18) betätigt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Auslösung des Aktors (18) Energie aus mindestens einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie (20), insbesondere der zum Betrieb der Handwerkzeugmaschine (12) benötigten wiederaufladbaren Batterie (20), bezogen wird. 1. Brake system (10) for a handheld power tool (12) with at least one brake unit (14), wherein the brake unit (14) brakes an electromotive drive (16) of the handheld power tool (12), the brake unit (14) being actuated by at least one actuator ( 18) is actuated, characterized in that to trigger the actuator (18) energy is drawn from at least one rechargeable battery (20), in particular the rechargeable battery (20) required to operate the handheld power tool (12).
2. Bremssystem (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aktor (18) als SMA-Kabel ausgebildet ist. 2. Brake system (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (18) is designed as an SMA cable.
3. Bremssystem (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zu einer schnellen Auslösung der Bremseinheit (14) das SMA-Kabel (18) in weniger als 1ms auf 80 bis 100°C erwärmt werden kann. 3. Brake system (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the SMA cable (18) can be heated to 80 to 100 ° C in less than 1 ms for a quick release of the brake unit (14).
4. Bremssystem (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Erwärmung des SMA- Kabels (18) die Bremseinheit 14 frei gegeben werden kann. 4. Brake system (10) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the braking unit 14 can be released by the heating of the SMA cable (18).
5. Bremssystem (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bremseinheit (14) federvorgespannt ist. 5. Brake system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the brake unit (14) is spring-loaded.
6. Bremssystem (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bremssystem (10) einen Energiespeicher (24) aufweist, der die elektrische Energie zur Erwärmung des SMA-Kabels (18) bereitstellen kann. 6. Brake system (10) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the brake system (10) has an energy store (24) which can provide the electrical energy for heating the SMA cable (18).
7. Bremssystem (10) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher (24) als Kondensator oder als Akku ausgebildet ist. 7. Brake system (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the energy store (24) is designed as a capacitor or as a battery.
8. Bremssystem (10) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Ladespannung des Energiespeichers (24) zwischen 100 und 200V liegt, bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 150V, besonders jedoch 100V beträgt. 8. Brake system (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that a charging voltage of the energy store (24) is between 100 and 200V, preferably between 100 and 150V, but especially 100V.
PCT/EP2020/084299 2019-12-17 2020-12-02 Braking system for a hand-held power tool, comprising at least one braking unit WO2021122006A1 (en)

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DE102019219819.8A DE102019219819A1 (en) 2019-12-17 2019-12-17 Brake system for a handheld power tool with at least one brake unit
DE102019219819.8 2019-12-17

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DE102022208076A1 (en) 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Festool Gmbh Method for operating an actuator of an emergency brake unit for a motor-driven tool, control circuit, actuator unit and emergency brake unit
DE102022208077A1 (en) 2022-08-03 2024-02-08 Festool Gmbh Method for operating an emergency braking unit for a motor-driven tool, monitoring unit and emergency braking unit

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US20030020336A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-01-30 Gass Stephen F. Actuators for use in fast-acting safety systems
WO2010059786A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Power Tool Institute Safety mechanisms for power tools
WO2020064530A1 (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for safe operation control of a hand-held circular saw

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DE102010032335A1 (en) * 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 C. & E. Fein Gmbh hand tool
DE102017201493A1 (en) * 2017-01-31 2018-08-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Circular saw, in particular circular saw
GB2605924B (en) * 2017-12-01 2023-04-12 Cambridge Mechatronics Ltd Shape memory alloy actuator

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US20030020336A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-01-30 Gass Stephen F. Actuators for use in fast-acting safety systems
WO2010059786A1 (en) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Power Tool Institute Safety mechanisms for power tools
WO2020064530A1 (en) * 2018-09-27 2020-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for safe operation control of a hand-held circular saw

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